As one of the important categories of hot-rolled products, hot-rolled steel plates for automobile applications generally undergo uniform corrosion or localized corrosion according to different environments of manufact...As one of the important categories of hot-rolled products, hot-rolled steel plates for automobile applications generally undergo uniform corrosion or localized corrosion according to different environments of manufacturing, transportation and/or storage of the plates. General corrosion often takes place on the surface of a plate in the exterior part of a package, and only reduces the thickness of the plate and slightly increases the roughness of the surface; however, localized corrosion on the surface of a plate inside the package is likely to result in the formation of pit-like defects on the substrate of the plate, which cannot be removed thoroughly by normal acid pickling or sand blasting, and affects the application of the plate. This research report analyzes the phenomena and characteristics of the rusting behavior of hot- rolled steel plates for automobile applications, and the influencing factors are summaried. The corresponding preventative measures are proposed.展开更多
The incidence of Crohn’s disease(CD)has increased in recent years,with most patients requiring intestinal resection.Complications after intestinal resection for CD can lead to poor prognosis and recurrence,among whic...The incidence of Crohn’s disease(CD)has increased in recent years,with most patients requiring intestinal resection.Complications after intestinal resection for CD can lead to poor prognosis and recurrence,among which infectious complic-ations are the most common.This study aimed to investigate the common risk factors,including medications,preoperative nutritional status,surgery-related factors,microorganisms,lesion location and type,and so forth,causing infectious complications after intestinal resection for CD,and to propose corresponding preventive measures.The findings provided guidance for identifying suscept-ibility factors and the early intervention and prevention of infectious complic-ations after intestinal resection for CD in clinical practice.展开更多
In the process of green and smart mine construction under the context of carbon neutrality,China's coal safety situation has been continuously improved in recent years.In order to recognize the development of coal...In the process of green and smart mine construction under the context of carbon neutrality,China's coal safety situation has been continuously improved in recent years.In order to recognize the development of coal production in China and prepare for future monitoring and prevention of safety incidents,this study mainly elaborated on the basic situation of coal resources and national mining accidents over the past five years(2017-2021),from four dimensions(accident level,type,region,and time),and then proposed the preventive measures based on accident statistical laws.The results show that the storage of coal resources has obvious geographic characteristics,mainly concentrated in the Midwest,with coal resources in Shanxi and Shaanxi accounting for about 49.4%.The proportion of coal consumption has dropped from 70.2%to 56%between 2011 and 2021,but still accounts for more than half of the all.Meanwhile,the accident-prone areas are positively correlated with the amount of coal production.Among different levels of coal mine accidents,general accidents had the highest number of accidents and deaths,with 692 accidents and 783 deaths,accounting for 87.6%and 54.64%respectively.The frequency of roof,gas,and transportation accidents is relatively high,and the number of single fatalities caused by gas accidents is the largest,about 4.18.In terms of geographical distribution of accidents,the safety situation in Shanxi Province is the most severe.From the time distribution of coal mine accidents,the accidents mainly occurred in July and August,and rarely occurred in February and December.Finally,the"4+4"safety management model is proposed,combining the statistical results with coal production in China.Based on the existing health and safety management systems,the manage-ments are divided into four sub-categories,and more specific measures are suggested.展开更多
Based on structural distribution and fault characteristics of the Luzhou block,southern Sichuan Basin,as well as microseismic,well logging and in-situ stress data,the casing deformation behaviors of deep shale gas wel...Based on structural distribution and fault characteristics of the Luzhou block,southern Sichuan Basin,as well as microseismic,well logging and in-situ stress data,the casing deformation behaviors of deep shale gas wells are summarized,and the casing deformation mechanism and influencing factors are identified.Then,the risk assessment chart of casing deformation is plotted,and the measures for preventing and controlling casing deformation are proposed.Fracturing-activated fault slip is a main factor causing the casing deformation in deep shale gas wells in the Luzhou block.In the working area,the approximate fracture angle is primarily 10°-50°,accounting for 65.34%,and the critical pore pressure increment for fault-activation is 6.05-9.71 MPa.The casing deformation caused by geological factors can be prevented/controlled by avoiding the faults at risk and deploying wells in areas with low value of stress factor.The casing deformation caused by engineering factors can be prevented/controlled by:(1)keeping wells avoid faults with risks of activation and slippage,or deploying wells in areas far from the faulting center if such avoidance is impossible;(2)optimizing the wellbore parameters,for example,adjusting the wellbore orientation to reduce the shear force on casing to a certain extent and thus mitigate the casing deformation;(3)optimizing the casing program to ensure that the curvature radius of the curved section of horizontal well is greater than 200 m while the drilling rate of high-quality reservoirs is not impaired;(4)optimizing the fracturing parameters,for example,increasing the evasive distance,lowering the single-operation pressure,and increasing the stage length,which can help effectively reduce the risk of casing deformation.展开更多
Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example t...Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.展开更多
Based on practical work experience,this paper analyzed the occurrence characteristics and control measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in maize.The measures including forecasting and early warning,regional prevention and...Based on practical work experience,this paper analyzed the occurrence characteristics and control measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in maize.The measures including forecasting and early warning,regional prevention and control,agricultural prevention and control,physical prevention and control,chemical prevention and control,and biological prevention and control can effectively control the damage of S.frugiperda and guarantee the safety of food production.The results will provide some reference for the prevention and control of S.frugiperda.展开更多
The resurgence of locally acquired malaria cases in the USA and the persistent global challenge of malaria transmission highlight the urgent need for research to prevent this disease. Despite significant eradication e...The resurgence of locally acquired malaria cases in the USA and the persistent global challenge of malaria transmission highlight the urgent need for research to prevent this disease. Despite significant eradication efforts, malaria remains a serious threat, particularly in regions like Africa. This study explores how integrating Gregor’s Type IV theory with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) improves our understanding of disease dynamics, especially Malaria transmission patterns in Uganda. By combining data-driven algorithms, artificial intelligence, and geospatial analysis, the research aims to determine the most reliable predictors of Malaria incident rates and assess the impact of different factors on transmission. Using diverse predictive modeling techniques including Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, Neural Network, and Random Forest, the study found that;Random Forest model outperformed the others, demonstrating superior predictive accuracy with an R<sup>2</sup> of approximately 0.88 and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0534, Antimalarial treatment was identified as the most influential factor, with mosquito net access associated with a significant reduction in incident rates, while higher temperatures correlated with increased rates. Our study concluded that the Random Forest model was effective in predicting malaria incident rates in Uganda and highlighted the significance of climate factors and preventive measures such as mosquito nets and antimalarial drugs. We recommended that districts with malaria hotspots lacking Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) coverage prioritize its implementation to mitigate incident rates, while those with high malaria rates in 2020 require immediate attention. By advocating for the use of appropriate predictive models, our research emphasized the importance of evidence-based decision-making in malaria control strategies, aiming to reduce transmission rates and save lives.展开更多
Among the near-miss incidents related to the operation of training ship of the JMETS(Japan Agency of Maritime Education and Training for Seafarers),three characteristic cases were analyzed,extracting their circumstanc...Among the near-miss incidents related to the operation of training ship of the JMETS(Japan Agency of Maritime Education and Training for Seafarers),three characteristic cases were analyzed,extracting their circumstances and near-miss factors.Based on the results of these analyses,measures to prevent vessel collisions were studied,from which we proposed collision prevention training.The training entails(1)lookout training,(2)navigation planning training,(3)resource management training,and(4)false assumption prevention training.In future research,we aim to verify the effectiveness of the proposed training,improve the training’s effectiveness,and contribute to the development of effective anti-collision support devices.展开更多
The 10kV distribution network is an essential component of the power system,and its stable operation is crucial for ensuring reliable power supply.However,various factors can lead to faults in the distribution network...The 10kV distribution network is an essential component of the power system,and its stable operation is crucial for ensuring reliable power supply.However,various factors can lead to faults in the distribution network.In order to enhance the safety and reliability of power distribution,this paper focuses on the analysis of faults in the 10kV distribution network caused by natural factors,operational factors,human factors,and equipment factors.It elucidates the various hazards resulting from distribution network faults and proposes corresponding preventive measures for different types of faults in the 10kV distribution network.The aim is to mitigate or reduce the impact of distribution network faults,ensuring the safe and stable operation of the distribution system.展开更多
Background:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemics in Chongqing Municipality from 2014 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of varicella prevention and control me...Background:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemics in Chongqing Municipality from 2014 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of varicella prevention and control measures.Methods:Data on the incidence of varicella outbreaks and vaccination data in Chongqing from 2014 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results:From 2014 to 2021,213,715 cases of varicella were reported in Chongqing Municipality,with an average annual incidence rate of 86.26/100,000,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=24,972.069,P<0.001);varicella incidence is seasonal,with peaks in May/June and October/December each year,presenting a“double-peak distribution”.The average annual incidence rate of varicella in municipal districts was 90.74/100,000,which was higher than that of counties 69.62/100,000 and autonomous counties 84.04/100,000;the average annual incidence rate of varicella in males was 89.37/100,000,and in females,82.22/100,000,with the difference not being statistically significant;the age of onset of the disease was mainly in the group of people under 15 years of age,with a total of 190,021 cases reported(88.9%),with 5-9 years old(35.7%)as the high incidence age group.The incidence occupation was dominated by students in 133,733 cases(62.6%).Conclusion:The overall varicella epidemic in Chongqing is on the rise,and has obvious seasonal,regional and population distribution characteristics.The prevention and control of varicella epidemic should be strengthened,the publicity of varicella vaccine should be increased,and it is recommended that varicella vaccine should be included in the national immunization program.展开更多
Firedamp and coal dust explosion constitute a lion’s share in mine accidents in a global mining scenario.This paper reports a list of mine explosion disasters since last two decades,a critical review of the different...Firedamp and coal dust explosion constitute a lion’s share in mine accidents in a global mining scenario.This paper reports a list of mine explosion disasters since last two decades,a critical review of the different prevention and constructive measures,and its recent development to avoid firedamp and coal dust explosion.Preventive legislation in core coal-producing countries,viz.China,USA,Australia,South Africa,and India related to firedamp and coal dust explosion are critically analysed.Accidents occurred due to explosion after Nationalisation of Coal Mines(1973)in India are listed.Prevention and constructive measures adopted in India are critically analysed with respect to the global mining scenario.Measures like methane credit concept,classification of mines/seams with respect to explosion risk zone,deflagration index;installation of automatic fire warning devices,canopy air curtain technology,explosion-prevention measures,such as fire-retardant materials,inhibitors,extinguishing agent,dust suppressor,and active explosion barrier are discussed in detail to avoid explosion and thereby adhering to zero accident policy due to coal mine explosion.展开更多
Objective Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread,the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in W...Objective Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread,the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in Western China.This study aimed to evaluate the strategy of hepatitis B prevention and control in Western China and identify potential areas and strategies for improvement.Methods Susceptible population vaccination,health education,professional training of doctors,and other prevention and control measures have been implemented in Wuwei city since 2010.Data were obtained from three representative cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 2010,2013,and 2015.The serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect the following seromarkers:HBV surface antigen(HBsAg),antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs),and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc).Estimates of variance were determined using Taylor series linearization methods.Results The three serosurveys revealed decreases in the prevalence of HBsAg(7.19% in 2010 vs.6.51% in 2013 vs.5.87% in 2015)and anti-HBc positivity(43.89%vs.32.87%vs.28.46%)and an increase in the prevalence of anti-HBs positivity(49.07%vs.53.66%vs.53.72%)over time.From 2010 to 2015,the legally reported incidence of hepatitis B in Wuwei city decreased from 686.53/100,000 to 53.72/100,000.Notably,persistently high HBsAg-positive rates(above 5.40%)were observed among subjects aged 20–69 years old in the three serosurveys;the prevalence of HBsAg was above 1% among children younger than 10 years old.Furthermore,rural subjects had higher rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity than their urban counterparts(6.04%vs.4.83% and 30.26%vs.20.35%,respectively)in 2015 but had a lower rate of anti-HBs positivity(49.68 vs.55.18%).Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,urban and rural areas,and education level were the main factors affecting HBV infection.Conclusion Although vaccine-based prevention and control measures reduced the rate of HBV infection in Wuwei City over time,the hepatitis B infection rate in children younger than 10 years was still higher than the national average level.Therefore,the prevention and control of mother-to-child transmission and the management of the infected should be the focus of future prevention and control work.展开更多
Based on the meteorological data in Fushun,Qingyuan and Xinbing from 1961 to 2008,the status quo of major agro-climatic resources in Fushun were analyzed.The abundant rainfall,sufficient sunshine and rich thermal reso...Based on the meteorological data in Fushun,Qingyuan and Xinbing from 1961 to 2008,the status quo of major agro-climatic resources in Fushun were analyzed.The abundant rainfall,sufficient sunshine and rich thermal resources were suitable for the development of modern agricultural production.The specific measures of effective use of climate resources were put forward according to geographical location and climatic characteristics of Fushun.The advantages of agro-climate resources were exerted for large edible fungi industry;effective accumulated temperature was applied for adjustment of plantation structure;three-dimensional agriculture in the mountainous area was developed vigorously.The main types of meteorological disasters constraining agricultural development in Fushun and their hazards were summarized,including droughts,floods,hail,etc.In addition,some scientific preventing measures of meteorological disaster were proposed.展开更多
From July 31 to August I in 2008, a strong thunderstorm process occurred in Neijiang of Sichuan Province, and a strange scattered light- ning strike phenomenon happened in office building of Dongxing Meteorological Bu...From July 31 to August I in 2008, a strong thunderstorm process occurred in Neijiang of Sichuan Province, and a strange scattered light- ning strike phenomenon happened in office building of Dongxing Meteorological Bureau in Neijiang. Through a series of investigations and analyses, we found occurrence reason of the scattered lightning strike and improved lightning protection measures.展开更多
Affected by many involved factors, different dimensions, data with large difference, incomplete information and so on, the most optimal selection of regional outburst prevention measures for outburst mine has become a...Affected by many involved factors, different dimensions, data with large difference, incomplete information and so on, the most optimal selection of regional outburst prevention measures for outburst mine has become a complicated system project. The traditional way of outburst prevention measure selection belongs to qualitative method, which may cause high-cost of gas control, huge quantities of drilling work, long construction time and even secondary disaster. To solve the above-mentioned problems, in light of occurrence status of coal seam gas in No. 21 mining area of Jinzhushan Tuzhu Mine, through grey fixed weight clustering theory and a combination method of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the judging model with multi-objective classification for optimization of outburst prevention measures was established. The three weight coefficients of outburst prevention technology scheme are sorted, in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each outburst prevention technology scheme under the comprehensive evaluation of multi-target. Finally, the problem of quantitative selection for regional outburst prevention technology scheme is solved under the situation of multi-factor mode and incomplete information, which provides reasonable and effective technical measures for prevention of coal and gas outburst disaster.展开更多
Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental poll...Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental pollution problem generated by dairy farming in Inner Mongolia and its cause were analyzed,and prevention and control measures were put forward. The research result showed that weak technology support of environmental treatment and environmental-protection awareness of dairy farmer and bad application effect of pollution control technology caused by lower education degree of dairy farmer were main reasons for environmental pollution problem. We should develop dairy circular economy,advocate a moderate scale,scientifically breed,and enhance training of pollution control technology and propaganda to protect environment.展开更多
Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis i...Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis infection control measures in health care facilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, such study was planned. Questionnaires were administered to all doctors, healthcare workers and servants working in outdoor and indoor department of tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of Tuberculosis infection. A scoring system was devised to grade them. One-time audit was also done in outpatient and inpatient department. The analysis showed scoring of poor for doctors, good for nurses and poor forward aids. There is a need to develop strategies for training of health care workers on regular basis in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Audit result shows a good level of environmental control measures. Better knowledge, attitude and practices are helpful for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Also environmental control measures are helpful to prevent infection.展开更多
Individuals’ preventive measures,as an effective way to suppress epidemic transmission and to protect themselves from infection,have attracted much academic concern,especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.In this pap...Individuals’ preventive measures,as an effective way to suppress epidemic transmission and to protect themselves from infection,have attracted much academic concern,especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.In this paper,a reinforcement learning-based model is proposed to explore individuals’ effective preventive measures against epidemics.Through extensive simulations,we find that the cost of preventive measures influences the epidemic transmission process significantly.The infection scale increases as the cost of preventive measures grows,which means that the government needs to provide preventive measures with low cost to suppress the epidemic transmission.In addition,the effective preventive measures vary from individual to individual according to the social contacts.Individuals who contact with others frequently in daily life are highly recommended to take strict preventive measures to protect themselves from infection,while those who have little social contacts do not need to take any measures considering the inevitable cost.Our research contributes to exploring the effective measures for individuals,which can provide the government and individuals useful suggestions in response to epidemics.展开更多
Objective:To study the knowledge,attitude,and practice of pregnant women regarding transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child and to determine the reasons for vaccine hesitancy.Methods:This ...Objective:To study the knowledge,attitude,and practice of pregnant women regarding transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child and to determine the reasons for vaccine hesitancy.Methods:This observational cross-sectional knowledge,attitude,and practice study was conducted among pregnant women of any trimester,attending the antenatal care out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow from October 2020 to March 2021.All the participants were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire for desired information.Reasons for vaccine hesitancy were also asked to assess their unwillingness to get vaccinated.Results:Totally 652 pregnant women were included and 91.3%were aware that COVID-19 spread through contact with an infected person and 85.3%knew that COVID-19 spread by respiratory droplets.Of pregnant women,95.7%perceived that social distancing and wearing a proper mask were effective ways to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and 96.8%of the pregnant women wore masks regularly when going out.Of pregnant women,79.0%were hesitant to get vaccinated.The most common reason was that COVID-19 vaccine can harm the developing fetus(77.5%)and was not very safe in pregnancy(75.0%).Conclusions:Of the pregnant women,22.92%have unsatisfactory knowledge regarding COVID-19,35.63%have negative attitude and 19.93%have poor practices,indicating that there are still gaps in awareness,and majority of them are unwilling to get vaccinated.Good awareness will help prevent the occurrence of future COVID-19 waves in India.展开更多
Using the data at standard ground observation field of Lingyuan Meteorological Bureau and comparative and parallel observation data during growth period of surrounding Prunus sibirica var suavosperma, and combining so...Using the data at standard ground observation field of Lingyuan Meteorological Bureau and comparative and parallel observation data during growth period of surrounding Prunus sibirica var suavosperma, and combining social investigation data about low-temperature cold injury loss of P. sibirica in recent years, it is found that low-temperature cold injury and abrupt change of temperature in spring are also important factors affecting P. sibirica yield and economic benefit. According to temperature indexes, meteorological department timely issues warning and forecast, and relevant departments and foresters take corresponding preventive measures, and strengthen cultivation technology and management of P. sibinca park. It avoids economic loss of P. sibirica caused by low-temperature cold injury, and obtains high and stable yield.展开更多
文摘As one of the important categories of hot-rolled products, hot-rolled steel plates for automobile applications generally undergo uniform corrosion or localized corrosion according to different environments of manufacturing, transportation and/or storage of the plates. General corrosion often takes place on the surface of a plate in the exterior part of a package, and only reduces the thickness of the plate and slightly increases the roughness of the surface; however, localized corrosion on the surface of a plate inside the package is likely to result in the formation of pit-like defects on the substrate of the plate, which cannot be removed thoroughly by normal acid pickling or sand blasting, and affects the application of the plate. This research report analyzes the phenomena and characteristics of the rusting behavior of hot- rolled steel plates for automobile applications, and the influencing factors are summaried. The corresponding preventative measures are proposed.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission of Changning District,No.20234Y038.
文摘The incidence of Crohn’s disease(CD)has increased in recent years,with most patients requiring intestinal resection.Complications after intestinal resection for CD can lead to poor prognosis and recurrence,among which infectious complic-ations are the most common.This study aimed to investigate the common risk factors,including medications,preoperative nutritional status,surgery-related factors,microorganisms,lesion location and type,and so forth,causing infectious complications after intestinal resection for CD,and to propose corresponding preventive measures.The findings provided guidance for identifying suscept-ibility factors and the early intervention and prevention of infectious complic-ations after intestinal resection for CD in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC3004701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52274242,51904293)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190627)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M661998).
文摘In the process of green and smart mine construction under the context of carbon neutrality,China's coal safety situation has been continuously improved in recent years.In order to recognize the development of coal production in China and prepare for future monitoring and prevention of safety incidents,this study mainly elaborated on the basic situation of coal resources and national mining accidents over the past five years(2017-2021),from four dimensions(accident level,type,region,and time),and then proposed the preventive measures based on accident statistical laws.The results show that the storage of coal resources has obvious geographic characteristics,mainly concentrated in the Midwest,with coal resources in Shanxi and Shaanxi accounting for about 49.4%.The proportion of coal consumption has dropped from 70.2%to 56%between 2011 and 2021,but still accounts for more than half of the all.Meanwhile,the accident-prone areas are positively correlated with the amount of coal production.Among different levels of coal mine accidents,general accidents had the highest number of accidents and deaths,with 692 accidents and 783 deaths,accounting for 87.6%and 54.64%respectively.The frequency of roof,gas,and transportation accidents is relatively high,and the number of single fatalities caused by gas accidents is the largest,about 4.18.In terms of geographical distribution of accidents,the safety situation in Shanxi Province is the most severe.From the time distribution of coal mine accidents,the accidents mainly occurred in July and August,and rarely occurred in February and December.Finally,the"4+4"safety management model is proposed,combining the statistical results with coal production in China.Based on the existing health and safety management systems,the manage-ments are divided into four sub-categories,and more specific measures are suggested.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Scientific Research and Technology Development Project (2022KT1205)。
文摘Based on structural distribution and fault characteristics of the Luzhou block,southern Sichuan Basin,as well as microseismic,well logging and in-situ stress data,the casing deformation behaviors of deep shale gas wells are summarized,and the casing deformation mechanism and influencing factors are identified.Then,the risk assessment chart of casing deformation is plotted,and the measures for preventing and controlling casing deformation are proposed.Fracturing-activated fault slip is a main factor causing the casing deformation in deep shale gas wells in the Luzhou block.In the working area,the approximate fracture angle is primarily 10°-50°,accounting for 65.34%,and the critical pore pressure increment for fault-activation is 6.05-9.71 MPa.The casing deformation caused by geological factors can be prevented/controlled by avoiding the faults at risk and deploying wells in areas with low value of stress factor.The casing deformation caused by engineering factors can be prevented/controlled by:(1)keeping wells avoid faults with risks of activation and slippage,or deploying wells in areas far from the faulting center if such avoidance is impossible;(2)optimizing the wellbore parameters,for example,adjusting the wellbore orientation to reduce the shear force on casing to a certain extent and thus mitigate the casing deformation;(3)optimizing the casing program to ensure that the curvature radius of the curved section of horizontal well is greater than 200 m while the drilling rate of high-quality reservoirs is not impaired;(4)optimizing the fracturing parameters,for example,increasing the evasive distance,lowering the single-operation pressure,and increasing the stage length,which can help effectively reduce the risk of casing deformation.
文摘Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.
文摘Based on practical work experience,this paper analyzed the occurrence characteristics and control measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in maize.The measures including forecasting and early warning,regional prevention and control,agricultural prevention and control,physical prevention and control,chemical prevention and control,and biological prevention and control can effectively control the damage of S.frugiperda and guarantee the safety of food production.The results will provide some reference for the prevention and control of S.frugiperda.
文摘The resurgence of locally acquired malaria cases in the USA and the persistent global challenge of malaria transmission highlight the urgent need for research to prevent this disease. Despite significant eradication efforts, malaria remains a serious threat, particularly in regions like Africa. This study explores how integrating Gregor’s Type IV theory with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) improves our understanding of disease dynamics, especially Malaria transmission patterns in Uganda. By combining data-driven algorithms, artificial intelligence, and geospatial analysis, the research aims to determine the most reliable predictors of Malaria incident rates and assess the impact of different factors on transmission. Using diverse predictive modeling techniques including Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, Neural Network, and Random Forest, the study found that;Random Forest model outperformed the others, demonstrating superior predictive accuracy with an R<sup>2</sup> of approximately 0.88 and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0534, Antimalarial treatment was identified as the most influential factor, with mosquito net access associated with a significant reduction in incident rates, while higher temperatures correlated with increased rates. Our study concluded that the Random Forest model was effective in predicting malaria incident rates in Uganda and highlighted the significance of climate factors and preventive measures such as mosquito nets and antimalarial drugs. We recommended that districts with malaria hotspots lacking Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) coverage prioritize its implementation to mitigate incident rates, while those with high malaria rates in 2020 require immediate attention. By advocating for the use of appropriate predictive models, our research emphasized the importance of evidence-based decision-making in malaria control strategies, aiming to reduce transmission rates and save lives.
文摘Among the near-miss incidents related to the operation of training ship of the JMETS(Japan Agency of Maritime Education and Training for Seafarers),three characteristic cases were analyzed,extracting their circumstances and near-miss factors.Based on the results of these analyses,measures to prevent vessel collisions were studied,from which we proposed collision prevention training.The training entails(1)lookout training,(2)navigation planning training,(3)resource management training,and(4)false assumption prevention training.In future research,we aim to verify the effectiveness of the proposed training,improve the training’s effectiveness,and contribute to the development of effective anti-collision support devices.
基金Tibet Autonomous Region Natural Fund Key Project(XZ202201ZR0024G)。
文摘The 10kV distribution network is an essential component of the power system,and its stable operation is crucial for ensuring reliable power supply.However,various factors can lead to faults in the distribution network.In order to enhance the safety and reliability of power distribution,this paper focuses on the analysis of faults in the 10kV distribution network caused by natural factors,operational factors,human factors,and equipment factors.It elucidates the various hazards resulting from distribution network faults and proposes corresponding preventive measures for different types of faults in the 10kV distribution network.The aim is to mitigate or reduce the impact of distribution network faults,ensuring the safe and stable operation of the distribution system.
基金supported by the Center for Public Health Security Research 2022 Policy Research Project(ggwsaqyjzx202205).
文摘Background:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemics in Chongqing Municipality from 2014 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of varicella prevention and control measures.Methods:Data on the incidence of varicella outbreaks and vaccination data in Chongqing from 2014 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results:From 2014 to 2021,213,715 cases of varicella were reported in Chongqing Municipality,with an average annual incidence rate of 86.26/100,000,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=24,972.069,P<0.001);varicella incidence is seasonal,with peaks in May/June and October/December each year,presenting a“double-peak distribution”.The average annual incidence rate of varicella in municipal districts was 90.74/100,000,which was higher than that of counties 69.62/100,000 and autonomous counties 84.04/100,000;the average annual incidence rate of varicella in males was 89.37/100,000,and in females,82.22/100,000,with the difference not being statistically significant;the age of onset of the disease was mainly in the group of people under 15 years of age,with a total of 190,021 cases reported(88.9%),with 5-9 years old(35.7%)as the high incidence age group.The incidence occupation was dominated by students in 133,733 cases(62.6%).Conclusion:The overall varicella epidemic in Chongqing is on the rise,and has obvious seasonal,regional and population distribution characteristics.The prevention and control of varicella epidemic should be strengthened,the publicity of varicella vaccine should be increased,and it is recommended that varicella vaccine should be included in the national immunization program.
基金The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Coal,Government of India(No.CIL/R&D/01/60/2016)for financial support。
文摘Firedamp and coal dust explosion constitute a lion’s share in mine accidents in a global mining scenario.This paper reports a list of mine explosion disasters since last two decades,a critical review of the different prevention and constructive measures,and its recent development to avoid firedamp and coal dust explosion.Preventive legislation in core coal-producing countries,viz.China,USA,Australia,South Africa,and India related to firedamp and coal dust explosion are critically analysed.Accidents occurred due to explosion after Nationalisation of Coal Mines(1973)in India are listed.Prevention and constructive measures adopted in India are critically analysed with respect to the global mining scenario.Measures like methane credit concept,classification of mines/seams with respect to explosion risk zone,deflagration index;installation of automatic fire warning devices,canopy air curtain technology,explosion-prevention measures,such as fire-retardant materials,inhibitors,extinguishing agent,dust suppressor,and active explosion barrier are discussed in detail to avoid explosion and thereby adhering to zero accident policy due to coal mine explosion.
基金supported by the China Special Grant for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases[2012ZX10004907,2017ZX10105011]Natural Science Foundation of China[81473026]。
文摘Objective Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread,the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in Western China.This study aimed to evaluate the strategy of hepatitis B prevention and control in Western China and identify potential areas and strategies for improvement.Methods Susceptible population vaccination,health education,professional training of doctors,and other prevention and control measures have been implemented in Wuwei city since 2010.Data were obtained from three representative cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 2010,2013,and 2015.The serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect the following seromarkers:HBV surface antigen(HBsAg),antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs),and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc).Estimates of variance were determined using Taylor series linearization methods.Results The three serosurveys revealed decreases in the prevalence of HBsAg(7.19% in 2010 vs.6.51% in 2013 vs.5.87% in 2015)and anti-HBc positivity(43.89%vs.32.87%vs.28.46%)and an increase in the prevalence of anti-HBs positivity(49.07%vs.53.66%vs.53.72%)over time.From 2010 to 2015,the legally reported incidence of hepatitis B in Wuwei city decreased from 686.53/100,000 to 53.72/100,000.Notably,persistently high HBsAg-positive rates(above 5.40%)were observed among subjects aged 20–69 years old in the three serosurveys;the prevalence of HBsAg was above 1% among children younger than 10 years old.Furthermore,rural subjects had higher rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity than their urban counterparts(6.04%vs.4.83% and 30.26%vs.20.35%,respectively)in 2015 but had a lower rate of anti-HBs positivity(49.68 vs.55.18%).Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,urban and rural areas,and education level were the main factors affecting HBV infection.Conclusion Although vaccine-based prevention and control measures reduced the rate of HBV infection in Wuwei City over time,the hepatitis B infection rate in children younger than 10 years was still higher than the national average level.Therefore,the prevention and control of mother-to-child transmission and the management of the infected should be the focus of future prevention and control work.
基金Supported by Fushun Government Substance Subject (20071209)
文摘Based on the meteorological data in Fushun,Qingyuan and Xinbing from 1961 to 2008,the status quo of major agro-climatic resources in Fushun were analyzed.The abundant rainfall,sufficient sunshine and rich thermal resources were suitable for the development of modern agricultural production.The specific measures of effective use of climate resources were put forward according to geographical location and climatic characteristics of Fushun.The advantages of agro-climate resources were exerted for large edible fungi industry;effective accumulated temperature was applied for adjustment of plantation structure;three-dimensional agriculture in the mountainous area was developed vigorously.The main types of meteorological disasters constraining agricultural development in Fushun and their hazards were summarized,including droughts,floods,hail,etc.In addition,some scientific preventing measures of meteorological disaster were proposed.
文摘From July 31 to August I in 2008, a strong thunderstorm process occurred in Neijiang of Sichuan Province, and a strange scattered light- ning strike phenomenon happened in office building of Dongxing Meteorological Bureau in Neijiang. Through a series of investigations and analyses, we found occurrence reason of the scattered lightning strike and improved lightning protection measures.
文摘Affected by many involved factors, different dimensions, data with large difference, incomplete information and so on, the most optimal selection of regional outburst prevention measures for outburst mine has become a complicated system project. The traditional way of outburst prevention measure selection belongs to qualitative method, which may cause high-cost of gas control, huge quantities of drilling work, long construction time and even secondary disaster. To solve the above-mentioned problems, in light of occurrence status of coal seam gas in No. 21 mining area of Jinzhushan Tuzhu Mine, through grey fixed weight clustering theory and a combination method of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the judging model with multi-objective classification for optimization of outburst prevention measures was established. The three weight coefficients of outburst prevention technology scheme are sorted, in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each outburst prevention technology scheme under the comprehensive evaluation of multi-target. Finally, the problem of quantitative selection for regional outburst prevention technology scheme is solved under the situation of multi-factor mode and incomplete information, which provides reasonable and effective technical measures for prevention of coal and gas outburst disaster.
文摘Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental pollution problem generated by dairy farming in Inner Mongolia and its cause were analyzed,and prevention and control measures were put forward. The research result showed that weak technology support of environmental treatment and environmental-protection awareness of dairy farmer and bad application effect of pollution control technology caused by lower education degree of dairy farmer were main reasons for environmental pollution problem. We should develop dairy circular economy,advocate a moderate scale,scientifically breed,and enhance training of pollution control technology and propaganda to protect environment.
文摘Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis infection control measures in health care facilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, such study was planned. Questionnaires were administered to all doctors, healthcare workers and servants working in outdoor and indoor department of tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of Tuberculosis infection. A scoring system was devised to grade them. One-time audit was also done in outpatient and inpatient department. The analysis showed scoring of poor for doctors, good for nurses and poor forward aids. There is a need to develop strategies for training of health care workers on regular basis in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Audit result shows a good level of environmental control measures. Better knowledge, attitude and practices are helpful for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Also environmental control measures are helpful to prevent infection.
基金Project supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFF0301000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71673161 and 71790613)。
文摘Individuals’ preventive measures,as an effective way to suppress epidemic transmission and to protect themselves from infection,have attracted much academic concern,especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.In this paper,a reinforcement learning-based model is proposed to explore individuals’ effective preventive measures against epidemics.Through extensive simulations,we find that the cost of preventive measures influences the epidemic transmission process significantly.The infection scale increases as the cost of preventive measures grows,which means that the government needs to provide preventive measures with low cost to suppress the epidemic transmission.In addition,the effective preventive measures vary from individual to individual according to the social contacts.Individuals who contact with others frequently in daily life are highly recommended to take strict preventive measures to protect themselves from infection,while those who have little social contacts do not need to take any measures considering the inevitable cost.Our research contributes to exploring the effective measures for individuals,which can provide the government and individuals useful suggestions in response to epidemics.
文摘Objective:To study the knowledge,attitude,and practice of pregnant women regarding transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child and to determine the reasons for vaccine hesitancy.Methods:This observational cross-sectional knowledge,attitude,and practice study was conducted among pregnant women of any trimester,attending the antenatal care out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow from October 2020 to March 2021.All the participants were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire for desired information.Reasons for vaccine hesitancy were also asked to assess their unwillingness to get vaccinated.Results:Totally 652 pregnant women were included and 91.3%were aware that COVID-19 spread through contact with an infected person and 85.3%knew that COVID-19 spread by respiratory droplets.Of pregnant women,95.7%perceived that social distancing and wearing a proper mask were effective ways to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and 96.8%of the pregnant women wore masks regularly when going out.Of pregnant women,79.0%were hesitant to get vaccinated.The most common reason was that COVID-19 vaccine can harm the developing fetus(77.5%)and was not very safe in pregnancy(75.0%).Conclusions:Of the pregnant women,22.92%have unsatisfactory knowledge regarding COVID-19,35.63%have negative attitude and 19.93%have poor practices,indicating that there are still gaps in awareness,and majority of them are unwilling to get vaccinated.Good awareness will help prevent the occurrence of future COVID-19 waves in India.
文摘Using the data at standard ground observation field of Lingyuan Meteorological Bureau and comparative and parallel observation data during growth period of surrounding Prunus sibirica var suavosperma, and combining social investigation data about low-temperature cold injury loss of P. sibirica in recent years, it is found that low-temperature cold injury and abrupt change of temperature in spring are also important factors affecting P. sibirica yield and economic benefit. According to temperature indexes, meteorological department timely issues warning and forecast, and relevant departments and foresters take corresponding preventive measures, and strengthen cultivation technology and management of P. sibinca park. It avoids economic loss of P. sibirica caused by low-temperature cold injury, and obtains high and stable yield.
