Based on practical work experience,this paper analyzed the occurrence characteristics and control measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in maize.The measures including forecasting and early warning,regional prevention and...Based on practical work experience,this paper analyzed the occurrence characteristics and control measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in maize.The measures including forecasting and early warning,regional prevention and control,agricultural prevention and control,physical prevention and control,chemical prevention and control,and biological prevention and control can effectively control the damage of S.frugiperda and guarantee the safety of food production.The results will provide some reference for the prevention and control of S.frugiperda.展开更多
Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis i...Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis infection control measures in health care facilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, such study was planned. Questionnaires were administered to all doctors, healthcare workers and servants working in outdoor and indoor department of tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of Tuberculosis infection. A scoring system was devised to grade them. One-time audit was also done in outpatient and inpatient department. The analysis showed scoring of poor for doctors, good for nurses and poor forward aids. There is a need to develop strategies for training of health care workers on regular basis in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Audit result shows a good level of environmental control measures. Better knowledge, attitude and practices are helpful for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Also environmental control measures are helpful to prevent infection.展开更多
Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is one of the most widely distributed forest pest.C.kiangsu has migrated from Laos to China this year,with many migration peaks and large population numbers.The main sources of C.kiangsu were fro...Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is one of the most widely distributed forest pest.C.kiangsu has migrated from Laos to China this year,with many migration peaks and large population numbers.The main sources of C.kiangsu were from abroad and a small number of native insect sources exist.Most of the immigration sources were from Laos,and a small part originated from Vietnam.The frontier region of Yunnan Province is suitable for the growth of C.kiangsu.It is speculated that the migration frequency of the C.kiangsu from abroad may increase in recent years.In this paper,the typical morphological characteristics,life history,biological characteristics and prevention and control measures of C.kiangsu were summarized.Based on the characteristics of C.kiangsu,and combining actual sugarcane production condition in Yunnan sugarcane areas,we put forward prevention and control strategies and measures.It is suggested that Yunnan Sugarcane areas should pay close attention to the occurrence of C.kiangsu in neighboring countries,monitor the C.kiangsu population dynamics and update pest forecast information in time,and detect and control C.kiangsu in the early period,in order to effectively prevent C.kiangsu and ensure the safety of sugarcane production.展开更多
Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example t...Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.展开更多
Background:The continuous mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has made the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic complicated to predict and posed a severe challenge to the Beijing 2022Wint...Background:The continuous mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has made the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic complicated to predict and posed a severe challenge to the Beijing 2022Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics held in February and March 2022.Methods:During the preparations for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics,we established a dynamic model with pulsedetection and isolation efect to evaluate the efect of epidemic prevention and control measures such as entry policies,contact reduction,nucleic acid testing,tracking,isolation,and health monitoring in a closed-loop managementenvironment,by simulating the transmission dynamics in assumed scenarios.We also compared the importance ofeach parameter in the combination of intervention measures through sensitivity analysis.Results:At the assumed baseline levels,the peak of the epidemic reached on the 57th day.During the simulationperiod(100 days),13,382 people infected COVID-19.The mean and peak values of hospitalized cases were 2650and 6746,respectively.The simulation and sensitivity analysis showed that:(1)the most important measures to stopCOVID-19 transmission during the event were daily nucleic acid testing,reducing contact among people,and dailyhealth monitoring,with cumulative infections at 0.04%,0.14%,and 14.92%of baseline levels,respectively(2)strictlyimplementing the entry policy and reducing the number of cases entering the closed-loop system could delay thepeak of the epidemic by 9 days and provide time for medical resources to be mobilized;(3)the risk of environmentaltransmission was low.Conclusions:Comprehensive measures under certain scenarios such as reducing contact,nucleic acid testing,health monitoring,and timely tracking and isolation could efectively prevent virus transmission.Our research resultsprovided an important reference for formulating prevention and control measures during the Winter Olympics,andno epidemic spread in the closed-loop during the games indirectly proved the rationality of our research results.展开更多
The Hydrobios in Dongping Lake, Shandong Province, mainly includes phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic animals, fishes and hydrophytic vascular plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the restrictive factors for the growt...The Hydrobios in Dongping Lake, Shandong Province, mainly includes phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic animals, fishes and hydrophytic vascular plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the restrictive factors for the growth and propagation of hydrophyta, therefore the key to the prevention and control of eutrophication in lakes lies in the control of the contents of the two elements in the water. Artificial fishing of algae can reduce the concentrations of trophic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies, and biological measures may decrease the contents of these trophic substances in the bottom sediments and the water bodies, thereby playing an active role in modifying the eutrophication of the lake.展开更多
The characteristics of chicken colibacillosis are introduced from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms and necropsy,and clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnosis methods are given.The...The characteristics of chicken colibacillosis are introduced from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms and necropsy,and clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnosis methods are given.The disease is distinguished from diseases with similar symptoms such as chicken chlamydia,chicken streptococcus,chicken necrotic enteritis,broiler ascites syndrome and chicken paratyphoid infections.Eventually,the preventive and therapeutic measures against the disease are put forward.展开更多
The characteristics of duck virus enteritis(DVE)are introduced from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,autopsy pathological changes,etc.,and clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnosi...The characteristics of duck virus enteritis(DVE)are introduced from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,autopsy pathological changes,etc.,and clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnosis methods are given.The disease is distinguished from similar diseases including duck necrotic enteritis,duck candidiasis,duck hemorrhage,duck coccidiosis and duck vitamin A deficiency.Eventually,the prevention and treatment measures of the disease are put forward.展开更多
Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection...Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection of waste slag yard of water diversion project and design of water and soil conservation measures are discussed.Rationality of site selection of waste slag yard and pertinence of prevention and control measures of water and soil loss in waste slag yard are analyzed,and comprehensive utilization of waste slag in large-scale production and construction projects is explored.展开更多
Through summarizing the prevalence characteristics of rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease(RBSDVD)in Linyi City of Shandong Province,this paper analyzed its prevalence is related to changes in farming and cultivati...Through summarizing the prevalence characteristics of rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease(RBSDVD)in Linyi City of Shandong Province,this paper analyzed its prevalence is related to changes in farming and cultivation systems,the increase in the population of venomous Laodelphax striatellus Fallén and its own migration and spread,the poor disease resistance of cultivated varieties,and inadequate time of prevention and control.Besides,based on the practice of local control,it came up with some comprehensive control measures including strengthening monitoring,early warning and forecasting,planting resistant(tolerant)rice varieties according to local conditions,appropriately delaying the sowing(planting)period,supplemented by insect nets to cover seedlings,and making scientific use of chemical control.It is expected to provide a reference for the prevention and control of RBSDVD.展开更多
In recent years, natural disasters in China have occurred frequently, especially large disasters such as earthquakes, floods and droughts, which have posed a serious threat to local public safety. In addition, the geo...In recent years, natural disasters in China have occurred frequently, especially large disasters such as earthquakes, floods and droughts, which have posed a serious threat to local public safety. In addition, the geological environment of local mountainous areas in China is complex and diverse, and climate change is large. Considering the dynamic coupling effect of rainfall conditions to stimulate geological disasters, this paper takes dynamic risk assessment technology as the guide, constructs a dynamic risk early warning model of geological disasters, establishes a prototype system, realizes dynamic risk assessment and emergency early warning of geological disasters at the regional level, and provides feasible technical support for targeted emergency disaster prevention. At the same time, the investigation and evaluation, mechanism research and monitoring and early warning related to the comprehensive prevention and control of geological disasters are important tasks that cannot be ignored, an important link in the emergency response system for geological disasters, and a key stage process to guide scientific disaster prevention. On the basis of exploring the mechanism and catastrophic effect of rainfall to stimulate landslides and mudslides, we will carry out in-depth research on disaster prevention countermeasures such as systematic engineering disposal, monitoring and early warning.展开更多
The Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)spreads rapidly and is highly infectious.Zhuang Medicine,as a unique ancient and emerging ethnic medicine in Guangxi region,is combined with the unique local climate,geography an...The Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)spreads rapidly and is highly infectious.Zhuang Medicine,as a unique ancient and emerging ethnic medicine in Guangxi region,is combined with the unique local climate,geography and population physique,summing up many prevention and control experiences for infectious diseases,such as taking orally and external treatment,focusing on prevention.What is more,the Zhuang Medicine shows its own unique advantages through coming up with the measures of wearing medicine therapy,pyrotechnic fumigation,characteristic medicine baths and taking prescriptions internally.This paper intends to explore the use of Zhuang Medicine to build a disease prevention and control system with characteristics of Zhuang Medicine,trying to make a contribution to the prevention and control and treatment in this region.展开更多
Background:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemics in Chongqing Municipality from 2014 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of varicella prevention and control me...Background:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemics in Chongqing Municipality from 2014 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of varicella prevention and control measures.Methods:Data on the incidence of varicella outbreaks and vaccination data in Chongqing from 2014 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results:From 2014 to 2021,213,715 cases of varicella were reported in Chongqing Municipality,with an average annual incidence rate of 86.26/100,000,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=24,972.069,P<0.001);varicella incidence is seasonal,with peaks in May/June and October/December each year,presenting a“double-peak distribution”.The average annual incidence rate of varicella in municipal districts was 90.74/100,000,which was higher than that of counties 69.62/100,000 and autonomous counties 84.04/100,000;the average annual incidence rate of varicella in males was 89.37/100,000,and in females,82.22/100,000,with the difference not being statistically significant;the age of onset of the disease was mainly in the group of people under 15 years of age,with a total of 190,021 cases reported(88.9%),with 5-9 years old(35.7%)as the high incidence age group.The incidence occupation was dominated by students in 133,733 cases(62.6%).Conclusion:The overall varicella epidemic in Chongqing is on the rise,and has obvious seasonal,regional and population distribution characteristics.The prevention and control of varicella epidemic should be strengthened,the publicity of varicella vaccine should be increased,and it is recommended that varicella vaccine should be included in the national immunization program.展开更多
Perioperative stroke is one of the serious complications in perioperative patients,and its incidence is related to the risk factors of stroke,surgical methods,anesthesia,and surgical complexity.This article reviews th...Perioperative stroke is one of the serious complications in perioperative patients,and its incidence is related to the risk factors of stroke,surgical methods,anesthesia,and surgical complexity.This article reviews the definition,incidence,risk factors,preventive measures,and management of perioperative patients of perioperative stroke,to provide a theoretical basis for clinical work,to reduce the incidence of perioperative stroke.展开更多
Pseudorabies(PR),also called Aujeszky's disease,is a highly infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus(PRV).Without specific host tropism,PRV can infect a wide variety of mammals,including pig,sheep,cattle,et...Pseudorabies(PR),also called Aujeszky's disease,is a highly infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus(PRV).Without specific host tropism,PRV can infect a wide variety of mammals,including pig,sheep,cattle,etc.,thereby causing severe clinical symptoms and acute death.PRV was firstly reported in China in 1950s,while outbreaks of emerging PRV variants have been documented in partial regions since 2011,leading to significant economic losses in swine industry.Although scientists have been devoting to the design of diagnostic approaches and the development of vaccines during the past years,PR remains a vital infectious disease widely prevalent in Chinese pig industry.Especially,its potential threat to human health has also attracted the worldwide attention.In this review,we will provide a summary of current understanding of PRV in China,mainly focusing on PRV history,the existing diagnosis methods,PRV prevalence in pig population and other susceptible mammals,molecular characteristics,and the available vaccines against its infection.Additionally,promising agents including traditional Chinese herbal medicines and novel inhibitors that may be employed to treat this viral infection,are also discussed.展开更多
An enhanced cascading failure model integrating data mining technique is proposed in this paper.In order to better simulate the process of cascading failure propagation and further analyze the relationship between fai...An enhanced cascading failure model integrating data mining technique is proposed in this paper.In order to better simulate the process of cascading failure propagation and further analyze the relationship between failure chains,in view of a basic framework of cascading failure described in this paper,some significant improvements in emerging prevention and control measures,the subsequent failure search strategy as well as the statistical analysis for the failure chains are made elaborately.Especially,a sequential pattern mining model is employed to find out the association pertinent to the obtained failure chains.In addition,a cluster analysis model is applied to evaluate the relationship between the intermediate data and the consequence of obtained failure chain,which can provide the prediction in potential propagation path of cascading failure to reduce the risk of catastrophic events.Finally,the case studies are conducted on the IEEE 10-machine-39-bus test system as benchmark to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed enhanced cascading failure model.Some preliminary concluding remarks and comments are drawn.展开更多
文摘Based on practical work experience,this paper analyzed the occurrence characteristics and control measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in maize.The measures including forecasting and early warning,regional prevention and control,agricultural prevention and control,physical prevention and control,chemical prevention and control,and biological prevention and control can effectively control the damage of S.frugiperda and guarantee the safety of food production.The results will provide some reference for the prevention and control of S.frugiperda.
文摘Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis infection control measures in health care facilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, such study was planned. Questionnaires were administered to all doctors, healthcare workers and servants working in outdoor and indoor department of tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of Tuberculosis infection. A scoring system was devised to grade them. One-time audit was also done in outpatient and inpatient department. The analysis showed scoring of poor for doctors, good for nurses and poor forward aids. There is a need to develop strategies for training of health care workers on regular basis in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Audit result shows a good level of environmental control measures. Better knowledge, attitude and practices are helpful for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Also environmental control measures are helpful to prevent infection.
基金Sugar Crop Research System(CARS-170303)the Yunling Industry and Technology Leading Talent Training Program"Prevention and Control of Sugarcane Pests"(2018LJRC56)the Yunnan Province Agriculture Research System(YNGZTX-4-92)。
文摘Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is one of the most widely distributed forest pest.C.kiangsu has migrated from Laos to China this year,with many migration peaks and large population numbers.The main sources of C.kiangsu were from abroad and a small number of native insect sources exist.Most of the immigration sources were from Laos,and a small part originated from Vietnam.The frontier region of Yunnan Province is suitable for the growth of C.kiangsu.It is speculated that the migration frequency of the C.kiangsu from abroad may increase in recent years.In this paper,the typical morphological characteristics,life history,biological characteristics and prevention and control measures of C.kiangsu were summarized.Based on the characteristics of C.kiangsu,and combining actual sugarcane production condition in Yunnan sugarcane areas,we put forward prevention and control strategies and measures.It is suggested that Yunnan Sugarcane areas should pay close attention to the occurrence of C.kiangsu in neighboring countries,monitor the C.kiangsu population dynamics and update pest forecast information in time,and detect and control C.kiangsu in the early period,in order to effectively prevent C.kiangsu and ensure the safety of sugarcane production.
文摘Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.
文摘Background:The continuous mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has made the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic complicated to predict and posed a severe challenge to the Beijing 2022Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics held in February and March 2022.Methods:During the preparations for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics,we established a dynamic model with pulsedetection and isolation efect to evaluate the efect of epidemic prevention and control measures such as entry policies,contact reduction,nucleic acid testing,tracking,isolation,and health monitoring in a closed-loop managementenvironment,by simulating the transmission dynamics in assumed scenarios.We also compared the importance ofeach parameter in the combination of intervention measures through sensitivity analysis.Results:At the assumed baseline levels,the peak of the epidemic reached on the 57th day.During the simulationperiod(100 days),13,382 people infected COVID-19.The mean and peak values of hospitalized cases were 2650and 6746,respectively.The simulation and sensitivity analysis showed that:(1)the most important measures to stopCOVID-19 transmission during the event were daily nucleic acid testing,reducing contact among people,and dailyhealth monitoring,with cumulative infections at 0.04%,0.14%,and 14.92%of baseline levels,respectively(2)strictlyimplementing the entry policy and reducing the number of cases entering the closed-loop system could delay thepeak of the epidemic by 9 days and provide time for medical resources to be mobilized;(3)the risk of environmentaltransmission was low.Conclusions:Comprehensive measures under certain scenarios such as reducing contact,nucleic acid testing,health monitoring,and timely tracking and isolation could efectively prevent virus transmission.Our research resultsprovided an important reference for formulating prevention and control measures during the Winter Olympics,andno epidemic spread in the closed-loop during the games indirectly proved the rationality of our research results.
文摘The Hydrobios in Dongping Lake, Shandong Province, mainly includes phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic animals, fishes and hydrophytic vascular plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the restrictive factors for the growth and propagation of hydrophyta, therefore the key to the prevention and control of eutrophication in lakes lies in the control of the contents of the two elements in the water. Artificial fishing of algae can reduce the concentrations of trophic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies, and biological measures may decrease the contents of these trophic substances in the bottom sediments and the water bodies, thereby playing an active role in modifying the eutrophication of the lake.
文摘The characteristics of chicken colibacillosis are introduced from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms and necropsy,and clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnosis methods are given.The disease is distinguished from diseases with similar symptoms such as chicken chlamydia,chicken streptococcus,chicken necrotic enteritis,broiler ascites syndrome and chicken paratyphoid infections.Eventually,the preventive and therapeutic measures against the disease are put forward.
文摘The characteristics of duck virus enteritis(DVE)are introduced from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,autopsy pathological changes,etc.,and clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnosis methods are given.The disease is distinguished from similar diseases including duck necrotic enteritis,duck candidiasis,duck hemorrhage,duck coccidiosis and duck vitamin A deficiency.Eventually,the prevention and treatment measures of the disease are put forward.
文摘Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection of waste slag yard of water diversion project and design of water and soil conservation measures are discussed.Rationality of site selection of waste slag yard and pertinence of prevention and control measures of water and soil loss in waste slag yard are analyzed,and comprehensive utilization of waste slag in large-scale production and construction projects is explored.
基金the Genetic Breeding Post Construction Project of Rice Innovation Team for Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System in Shandong Province of China(SDAIT-17-02).
文摘Through summarizing the prevalence characteristics of rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease(RBSDVD)in Linyi City of Shandong Province,this paper analyzed its prevalence is related to changes in farming and cultivation systems,the increase in the population of venomous Laodelphax striatellus Fallén and its own migration and spread,the poor disease resistance of cultivated varieties,and inadequate time of prevention and control.Besides,based on the practice of local control,it came up with some comprehensive control measures including strengthening monitoring,early warning and forecasting,planting resistant(tolerant)rice varieties according to local conditions,appropriately delaying the sowing(planting)period,supplemented by insect nets to cover seedlings,and making scientific use of chemical control.It is expected to provide a reference for the prevention and control of RBSDVD.
文摘In recent years, natural disasters in China have occurred frequently, especially large disasters such as earthquakes, floods and droughts, which have posed a serious threat to local public safety. In addition, the geological environment of local mountainous areas in China is complex and diverse, and climate change is large. Considering the dynamic coupling effect of rainfall conditions to stimulate geological disasters, this paper takes dynamic risk assessment technology as the guide, constructs a dynamic risk early warning model of geological disasters, establishes a prototype system, realizes dynamic risk assessment and emergency early warning of geological disasters at the regional level, and provides feasible technical support for targeted emergency disaster prevention. At the same time, the investigation and evaluation, mechanism research and monitoring and early warning related to the comprehensive prevention and control of geological disasters are important tasks that cannot be ignored, an important link in the emergency response system for geological disasters, and a key stage process to guide scientific disaster prevention. On the basis of exploring the mechanism and catastrophic effect of rainfall to stimulate landslides and mudslides, we will carry out in-depth research on disaster prevention countermeasures such as systematic engineering disposal, monitoring and early warning.
文摘The Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)spreads rapidly and is highly infectious.Zhuang Medicine,as a unique ancient and emerging ethnic medicine in Guangxi region,is combined with the unique local climate,geography and population physique,summing up many prevention and control experiences for infectious diseases,such as taking orally and external treatment,focusing on prevention.What is more,the Zhuang Medicine shows its own unique advantages through coming up with the measures of wearing medicine therapy,pyrotechnic fumigation,characteristic medicine baths and taking prescriptions internally.This paper intends to explore the use of Zhuang Medicine to build a disease prevention and control system with characteristics of Zhuang Medicine,trying to make a contribution to the prevention and control and treatment in this region.
基金supported by the Center for Public Health Security Research 2022 Policy Research Project(ggwsaqyjzx202205).
文摘Background:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemics in Chongqing Municipality from 2014 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of varicella prevention and control measures.Methods:Data on the incidence of varicella outbreaks and vaccination data in Chongqing from 2014 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results:From 2014 to 2021,213,715 cases of varicella were reported in Chongqing Municipality,with an average annual incidence rate of 86.26/100,000,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=24,972.069,P<0.001);varicella incidence is seasonal,with peaks in May/June and October/December each year,presenting a“double-peak distribution”.The average annual incidence rate of varicella in municipal districts was 90.74/100,000,which was higher than that of counties 69.62/100,000 and autonomous counties 84.04/100,000;the average annual incidence rate of varicella in males was 89.37/100,000,and in females,82.22/100,000,with the difference not being statistically significant;the age of onset of the disease was mainly in the group of people under 15 years of age,with a total of 190,021 cases reported(88.9%),with 5-9 years old(35.7%)as the high incidence age group.The incidence occupation was dominated by students in 133,733 cases(62.6%).Conclusion:The overall varicella epidemic in Chongqing is on the rise,and has obvious seasonal,regional and population distribution characteristics.The prevention and control of varicella epidemic should be strengthened,the publicity of varicella vaccine should be increased,and it is recommended that varicella vaccine should be included in the national immunization program.
文摘Perioperative stroke is one of the serious complications in perioperative patients,and its incidence is related to the risk factors of stroke,surgical methods,anesthesia,and surgical complexity.This article reviews the definition,incidence,risk factors,preventive measures,and management of perioperative patients of perioperative stroke,to provide a theoretical basis for clinical work,to reduce the incidence of perioperative stroke.
基金This work was supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.31571432/31802252)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2015JC3097/2020JJ4041)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(CX20200659).
文摘Pseudorabies(PR),also called Aujeszky's disease,is a highly infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus(PRV).Without specific host tropism,PRV can infect a wide variety of mammals,including pig,sheep,cattle,etc.,thereby causing severe clinical symptoms and acute death.PRV was firstly reported in China in 1950s,while outbreaks of emerging PRV variants have been documented in partial regions since 2011,leading to significant economic losses in swine industry.Although scientists have been devoting to the design of diagnostic approaches and the development of vaccines during the past years,PR remains a vital infectious disease widely prevalent in Chinese pig industry.Especially,its potential threat to human health has also attracted the worldwide attention.In this review,we will provide a summary of current understanding of PRV in China,mainly focusing on PRV history,the existing diagnosis methods,PRV prevalence in pig population and other susceptible mammals,molecular characteristics,and the available vaccines against its infection.Additionally,promising agents including traditional Chinese herbal medicines and novel inhibitors that may be employed to treat this viral infection,are also discussed.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China,973 program(2013CB228203).
文摘An enhanced cascading failure model integrating data mining technique is proposed in this paper.In order to better simulate the process of cascading failure propagation and further analyze the relationship between failure chains,in view of a basic framework of cascading failure described in this paper,some significant improvements in emerging prevention and control measures,the subsequent failure search strategy as well as the statistical analysis for the failure chains are made elaborately.Especially,a sequential pattern mining model is employed to find out the association pertinent to the obtained failure chains.In addition,a cluster analysis model is applied to evaluate the relationship between the intermediate data and the consequence of obtained failure chain,which can provide the prediction in potential propagation path of cascading failure to reduce the risk of catastrophic events.Finally,the case studies are conducted on the IEEE 10-machine-39-bus test system as benchmark to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed enhanced cascading failure model.Some preliminary concluding remarks and comments are drawn.
