This research explores strategies to enhance the efficiency of secondary treatment in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (CW) in Montenegro. The focus is on selecting appropriate primary treatment methods alongside th...This research explores strategies to enhance the efficiency of secondary treatment in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (CW) in Montenegro. The focus is on selecting appropriate primary treatment methods alongside three distinct substrate types to improve wastewater treatment efficacy. The study examines the combination of two primary treatments with different substrate types in constructed wetlands (CW1, CW2, and CW3). The primary treatments include the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Podgorica, involving coarse material removal through screens, inert material separation in aerated sand traps, and sediment and suspended matter removal in primary sedimentation tanks. The Extreme Separator (ExSep) was employed to evaluate its efficacy as a primary treatment method. The research demonstrates that the efficiency of CW can be significantly enhanced by selecting suitable primary treatment methods and substrates in Podgorica’s conditions. The most promising results were achieved by combining ExSep as a primary treatment with secondary treatment in CW-3. The removal efficiencies after CW3 for COD, BOD, and TSS exceeded 89%, 93%, and 91%, respectively. The outcomes underscore the significance of primary treatment in mitigating pollutant loads before discharge into the constructed wetlands, emphasizing potential areas for further optimization in wastewater treatment practices to enhance environmental sustainability and water quality management.展开更多
Objective To compare survival outcomes between primary radical surgery and primary radiation in early cervical cancer.Methods Patient information was extracted from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and Results database.P...Objective To compare survival outcomes between primary radical surgery and primary radiation in early cervical cancer.Methods Patient information was extracted from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and Results database.Patients diagnosed with early cervical cancer of stage T1a,T1b,and T2a(American Joint Committee on Cancer,7th edition)from 1998 to 2015 were included in this study after propensity score matching.Overall survival(OS)was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results Among the 4964 patients included in the study,1080 patients were identified as having positive lymph nodes(N1),and 3884 patients were identified as having negative lymph nodes(N0).Patients with primary surgery had significantly longer 5-year OS than those with primary radiotherapy in both the N1 group(P<0.001)and N0 group(P<0.001).In the subgroup analysis,similar results were found in patients with positive lymph nodes of stage T1a(100.0%vs.61.1%),T1b(84.1%vs.64.3%),and T2a(74.4%vs.63.8%).In patients with T1b1 and T2a1,primary surgery resulted in longer OS than primary radiation,but not in patients with T1b2 and T2a2.In multivariate analysis,the primary treatment was identified as an independent prognostic factor in both N1 and N0 patients(HR_(N1)=2.522,95%CI=1.919–3.054,PN1<0.001;HR_(N0)=1.895,95%CI=1.689–2.126,PN0<0.001).Conclusion In early cervical cancer stage T1a,T1b1,and T2a1,primary surgery may result in longer OS than primary radiation for patients with and without lymph node metastasis.展开更多
Jar tests were conducted to investigate the performance of enhanced primary treatment processes for low-concentra-tion municipal wastewater from South China by using composite flocculant combined with bio-flocculants ...Jar tests were conducted to investigate the performance of enhanced primary treatment processes for low-concentra-tion municipal wastewater from South China by using composite flocculant combined with bio-flocculants Pullulan and poly-aluminum-chloride (PAC). The optimum dosage for composite flocculant and conditions for flocculation were determined. The experimental results indicated that composite flocculant had high efficiency for removing over 95% of turbidity, over 58% of CODCr (chemical oxygen demand determined with potassium dichromate), over 91% of TP (total phosphate), and over 15% of NH3-N. Moreover, it could improve sludge settling and dehydration properties, and decrease the treatment cost.展开更多
This paper evaluated two different wastewater primary treatments of wastewater from the“Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana,Azcapotzalco Campus”,a conventional one integrated for coagulation,flocculation,sedimentatio...This paper evaluated two different wastewater primary treatments of wastewater from the“Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana,Azcapotzalco Campus”,a conventional one integrated for coagulation,flocculation,sedimentation and filtration versus one alternative integrated for in-line coagulation to precondition to rapid filtration.The wastewater was from the Azcapotzalco Campus in Mexico City,and in both cases,we characterized the wastewater,measured:pH,conductivity,temperature,total dissolved solids,dissolved oxygen,ORP(Oxide Reduction Potential),turbidity,and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand).Conventional treatment was slightly better treatment,but the alternative treatment represents saving in equipment,reactive,energy and time,so it was considered a viable technical and economic wastewater primary treatment.展开更多
This paper describes the wastewater treatment of 3 liters per second of capacity of discharges of capacity,from the avocado washed,as well as the production of avocado sauce.Effluents were pretreated with a grease and...This paper describes the wastewater treatment of 3 liters per second of capacity of discharges of capacity,from the avocado washed,as well as the production of avocado sauce.Effluents were pretreated with a grease and oil trap and contained small amounts of oil and grease,dissolved and total solids,organic matter and trace of organic and inorganic compounds from the vitamins and minerals of avocado.The treatment train is located in an small surface and the train is integrated with coagulation in line with alumina in a static mixer,rapid filtration in two steps,double advanced oxidation with ozone and heterocyclic photocatalysis with a nanofilm of zinc oxide as,photocatalyzer and final adsorption of refractory compounds with activated charcoal.The treated wastewater meets the environmental regulation to urban sewerage discharges of the city,according to the results of a Mexican Certified Laboratory.展开更多
Constructed wetlands (CWs) can achieve a high-quality wastewater treatment and a quality that meets the prescribed standard, defined by legislation on wastewater discharge. A limitation in the application of construct...Constructed wetlands (CWs) can achieve a high-quality wastewater treatment and a quality that meets the prescribed standard, defined by legislation on wastewater discharge. A limitation in the application of constructed wetlands (CWs) is the large area requirement, which limits their application. The subject matter of this research is to check the possibility of improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment and reducing the required area for constructed wetlands (CWs) by using an adequate substrate under the conditions found in Montenegro. In the described experiment, the constructed wetlands (CW) have a vertical flow system and play the role of a secondary wastewater treatment, receiving water from the existing WWTP in Podgorica after the primary treatment. These vertical flow systems reflect experience with the use of similar systems in Slovenija, Austria and Italy. Measurements to date show that the substrate plays an important role and that wastewater treatment efficacy varies significantly with respect to the type of substrate when used under the conditions available in Montenegro.展开更多
IntroductionPrimary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the mostcommon malignancies in China. Since the1990s, it has been the first leading cause of cancerdeath in the rural areas versus the 2nd in the urbanareas in this cou...IntroductionPrimary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the mostcommon malignancies in China. Since the1990s, it has been the first leading cause of cancerdeath in the rural areas versus the 2nd in the urbanareas in this country. 45% of all the newly en-countered cases in the world each year are from themainland of China, and the situation is extremelyworsened in its high risk southeast coastal area.Liver resection is chosen as an optimal treatmentfor liver cancer, yet the low resectability and highpostoperative recurrence prevent the long-term sur-vival of patients. Therefore, proper comprehensivetreatment of PLC for the improvement of the overalltherapeutic efficacy has been the focus of clinicalpractice and research. In comparison with single treatment, compre-展开更多
Objective: To observe the influence of different intervals of acupuncture treatment on bone intensity in primary osteoporosis subjects. Methods: A total of 45 cases of primary osteoporosis female patients were randoml...Objective: To observe the influence of different intervals of acupuncture treatment on bone intensity in primary osteoporosis subjects. Methods: A total of 45 cases of primary osteoporosis female patients were randomly divided into 1 treatment/week (1-T/W), 2 treatments/week (2-T/W) and 3 treatments/week (3-T/W) groups, with 15 cases being in each group. Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenshu (BL 23), Taixi (KI 3) and Pishu (BL 20) were used and stimulated with reinforcing needling manipulation. For patients with deficiency syndrome of kidney-yang, thermal acupuncture was applied to Shenshu (BL 23), and for patients with spleen-deficiency syndrome, thermal acupuncture applied to Zusanli (ST 36). Results: After 6 months’ treatment, in 1-T/W group, no apparent change of bone intensity was observed, while in 2-T/W and 3-T/W groups, the bone intensity was increased significantly (P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture plus moxibustion treatment twice or 3 times every week can obviously improve the bone intensity.展开更多
Objective To investigate clinical and pathological features of small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. Methods The pathological and clinical data of 9 cases of small cell carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.
To review the primary experience of video-assisted rigid laser bronchoscopy in the treatment of tracheobronchial tumors.Methods From Sep.2002 to Nov.2004,13 patients (15 procedures) with tracheobronchial tumors were t...To review the primary experience of video-assisted rigid laser bronchoscopy in the treatment of tracheobronchial tumors.Methods From Sep.2002 to Nov.2004,13 patients (15 procedures) with tracheobronchial tumors were treated with video-assisted rigid bronchoscope.Benign tumors with small pedicles were removed directly.For benign tumors with wide pedicles or tumors extending beyond the wall of air-way,total enucleating through thoracotomy were employed.In cases with malignant tumors,stenosis or obstructions were relieved by implantation of stent or cautering with electric argoulaser knife.For malignant but resectable primary tumors of trachea and main bronchi,rigid bronchoscopy might serve as a preparation of radical resection.Results Of the 5 patients with benign tumors,4 received endoscopic total resection and 1 were conversed into thoracotomy.For the 8 malignant cases,3 received stent implantation,2 had palliative ablation 3 got curative resections through thoracotomy.No peri-operative complications or death occurred in this group.Conclusion Total resection of benign tracheobronchial tumors or palliative therapy for tracheobronchial malignant stenosis or preparation of radical resection can be performed safely and efficiently by video-assisted rigid bronchoscopy.5 refs.展开更多
Before the construction of the Kuching Centralized Wastewater Treatment System Package 1 (KCWTSP1), partially treated blackwater and greywater were discharged directly into natural waterways. The accumulated wastewate...Before the construction of the Kuching Centralized Wastewater Treatment System Package 1 (KCWTSP1), partially treated blackwater and greywater were discharged directly into natural waterways. The accumulated wastewater had polluted Sarawak river, which is regulated and cannot discharge freely into the South China Sea. The polluted Sarawak river has endangered human health, river water quality, and aquatic ecosystems. Hence, the KCWTSP1 commissioned in 2015 serves the purpose of removing pollutants from wastewater before it is discharged into natural waterways. However, the effectiveness of KCWTPP1 is unknown. This paper is aimed to discuss and review the effectiveness of KCWTPP1 in treating wastewater since its inception in 2015. From 2017 to 2020, KCWTPP1 has treated an average of 4,200,000 m<sup>3</sup> of wastewater per year. Generally, most of the discharge effluent met Environmental Quality Act (1974) Standard A criteria, except for the oil and grease parameter. Initially, the plant could not treat suspended solids and total phosphorus, but this was greatly improved in subsequent years. Therefore, some improvements are required to treat oil and grease parameters effectively and efficiently to ensure that only Standard A effluent is discharged into the Sarawak River in the future.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of primary method root canal treatment(ORCT)and multiple root canal treatment(MRCT)for dental cryptocleidosis with endodontic lesions.Methods:88 patients with fissured te...Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of primary method root canal treatment(ORCT)and multiple root canal treatment(MRCT)for dental cryptocleidosis with endodontic lesions.Methods:88 patients with fissured teeth with endodontic lesions who were admitted to the hospital between November 2021 and November 2023 were selected,and after randomized numerical table grouping,44 cases in the experimental group were included in the ORCT treatment,and 44 cases in the reference group were included in the MRCT treatment,and the total effective rate,root canal filling rate,visual analog scale(VAS)score,periodontal indexes,and the complication rate were compared.Results:The total effective rate and root canal filling rate of the experimental group were higher than that of the reference group;after treatment,the VAS score of the experimental group was lower than that of the reference group,and the periodontal indexes were lower than that of the reference group;and the complication rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:ORCT can improve the overall efficacy of patients with fissured teeth with endodontic lesions,ensure the filling rate of root canals,significantly reduce pain symptoms,improve a number of periodontal indicators,have high endodontic safety,and have more therapeutic advantages than MRCT.展开更多
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a relative common medical problem caused by the inappropriate secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by one or more parathyroid glands. The diagnosis is established by serum calci...Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a relative common medical problem caused by the inappropriate secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by one or more parathyroid glands. The diagnosis is established by serum calcium and PTH levels and once the diagnosis is established imaging studies help localize the hyperfunctioning adenoma in preparation for curative surgery. Until now, the imaging studies most commonly utilized in PHPT are ultrasonography and <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Sesta-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) parathyroid scintigraphy. However, these studies often fail to localize the adenoma and inappropriately delay patient referral to a potentially curative surgery. We present the case of a 64-year-old female with symptomatic PHPT who had 3 negative <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Sestamibi Scans over a period of 5 years who eventually had a PET/CT with <sup>11</sup>C-Choline that identified a right lower parathyroid adenoma. She underwent a right lower parathyroidectomy and had a successful outcome. We present a review the current imaging techniques used in the management of PHPT including <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Sesta-MIBI scintigraphy and its limitations and novel use of PET/CT with <sup>11</sup>C-Choline and <sup>18</sup>F-Choline in this disease and emphasize the fact that, according to current guidelines, failure to localize the adenoma should not delay referral for curative surgery.展开更多
The particle characterization from the influent and effluent of a chemical-biological flocculation （CBF） process was studied with a laser diffraction device. Water samples from a chemically enhanced primary treatme...The particle characterization from the influent and effluent of a chemical-biological flocculation （CBF） process was studied with a laser diffraction device. Water samples from a chemically enhanced primary treatment （CEPT） process and a primary sediment tank process were also analyzed for comparison. The results showed that CBF process was not only effective for both the big size particles and small size particles removal, but also the best particle removal process in the three processes. The results also indicated that CBF process was superior to CEPT process in the heavy metals removal. The high and non-selective removal for heavy metals might be closely related to its strong ability to eliminate small particles. Samples from different locations in CBF reactors showed that small particles were easier to aggregate into big ones and those disrupted flocs could properly flocculate again along CBF reactor because of the biological flocculation.展开更多
Prostate cancer(PC) is a common malignant tumor in the male seniors,and its incidence has been ascending in China in recent years. Over 80%of the patients are diagnosed as being in the late stage and lose the opportun...Prostate cancer(PC) is a common malignant tumor in the male seniors,and its incidence has been ascending in China in recent years. Over 80%of the patients are diagnosed as being in the late stage and lose the opportunity of radical operation because of its early stage metastasis. Endocrinotherapy is regarded展开更多
Progesterones are ubiquitous in hospital wastewater(HWW)with concentrations much higher than those of estrogens and androgens.To ensure that these water systems are safe to use,disinfection is crucial during HWW treat...Progesterones are ubiquitous in hospital wastewater(HWW)with concentrations much higher than those of estrogens and androgens.To ensure that these water systems are safe to use,disinfection is crucial during HWW treatment by providing"front line"defense against biological contaminations.Here,five disinfection processes,namely,chlorine(Cl_(2)),chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2)),ozone(O_(3)),ultraviolet(UV)),and UV/chlorine(UV/Cl_(2)),were selected to investigate their removal efficiencies for progesterones in primary filtration and secondary biological treatment effluents.There were 61 natural and synthetic progesterones detected in HWW,with the natural progesterones being the main components with a concentration of 845.51 ng/L and contributing to 75.08%of the total proge-sterones.The primary filtration treatment presented insignificant removal effects on the progesterones,while the secondary biological treatment significantly reduced the progesterone content by biode-gradation.The order of removal efficiencies of total progesterones by different disinfection processes was UV/Cl_(2)>Cl_(2)>O_(3)>ClO_(2)>UV.UV/Cl_(2)showed the highest removal efficiency against progesterones mainly due to the activation of Cl_(2)by ultraviolet(UV)photolysis,which helps open the heterocyclic,aromatic,and phenolic rings,thus accelerating progesterone degradation.In addition,the removal efficiencies of natural progesterones in the five disinfection processes were higher than those of synthetic progesterones(progesterone derivatives,19-nortestosterone derivatives,and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives).展开更多
文摘This research explores strategies to enhance the efficiency of secondary treatment in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (CW) in Montenegro. The focus is on selecting appropriate primary treatment methods alongside three distinct substrate types to improve wastewater treatment efficacy. The study examines the combination of two primary treatments with different substrate types in constructed wetlands (CW1, CW2, and CW3). The primary treatments include the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Podgorica, involving coarse material removal through screens, inert material separation in aerated sand traps, and sediment and suspended matter removal in primary sedimentation tanks. The Extreme Separator (ExSep) was employed to evaluate its efficacy as a primary treatment method. The research demonstrates that the efficiency of CW can be significantly enhanced by selecting suitable primary treatment methods and substrates in Podgorica’s conditions. The most promising results were achieved by combining ExSep as a primary treatment with secondary treatment in CW-3. The removal efficiencies after CW3 for COD, BOD, and TSS exceeded 89%, 93%, and 91%, respectively. The outcomes underscore the significance of primary treatment in mitigating pollutant loads before discharge into the constructed wetlands, emphasizing potential areas for further optimization in wastewater treatment practices to enhance environmental sustainability and water quality management.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81602629).
文摘Objective To compare survival outcomes between primary radical surgery and primary radiation in early cervical cancer.Methods Patient information was extracted from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and Results database.Patients diagnosed with early cervical cancer of stage T1a,T1b,and T2a(American Joint Committee on Cancer,7th edition)from 1998 to 2015 were included in this study after propensity score matching.Overall survival(OS)was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results Among the 4964 patients included in the study,1080 patients were identified as having positive lymph nodes(N1),and 3884 patients were identified as having negative lymph nodes(N0).Patients with primary surgery had significantly longer 5-year OS than those with primary radiotherapy in both the N1 group(P<0.001)and N0 group(P<0.001).In the subgroup analysis,similar results were found in patients with positive lymph nodes of stage T1a(100.0%vs.61.1%),T1b(84.1%vs.64.3%),and T2a(74.4%vs.63.8%).In patients with T1b1 and T2a1,primary surgery resulted in longer OS than primary radiation,but not in patients with T1b2 and T2a2.In multivariate analysis,the primary treatment was identified as an independent prognostic factor in both N1 and N0 patients(HR_(N1)=2.522,95%CI=1.919–3.054,PN1<0.001;HR_(N0)=1.895,95%CI=1.689–2.126,PN0<0.001).Conclusion In early cervical cancer stage T1a,T1b1,and T2a1,primary surgery may result in longer OS than primary radiation for patients with and without lymph node metastasis.
基金Project (No. 2005AA601010) supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China
文摘Jar tests were conducted to investigate the performance of enhanced primary treatment processes for low-concentra-tion municipal wastewater from South China by using composite flocculant combined with bio-flocculants Pullulan and poly-aluminum-chloride (PAC). The optimum dosage for composite flocculant and conditions for flocculation were determined. The experimental results indicated that composite flocculant had high efficiency for removing over 95% of turbidity, over 58% of CODCr (chemical oxygen demand determined with potassium dichromate), over 91% of TP (total phosphate), and over 15% of NH3-N. Moreover, it could improve sludge settling and dehydration properties, and decrease the treatment cost.
文摘This paper evaluated two different wastewater primary treatments of wastewater from the“Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana,Azcapotzalco Campus”,a conventional one integrated for coagulation,flocculation,sedimentation and filtration versus one alternative integrated for in-line coagulation to precondition to rapid filtration.The wastewater was from the Azcapotzalco Campus in Mexico City,and in both cases,we characterized the wastewater,measured:pH,conductivity,temperature,total dissolved solids,dissolved oxygen,ORP(Oxide Reduction Potential),turbidity,and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand).Conventional treatment was slightly better treatment,but the alternative treatment represents saving in equipment,reactive,energy and time,so it was considered a viable technical and economic wastewater primary treatment.
文摘This paper describes the wastewater treatment of 3 liters per second of capacity of discharges of capacity,from the avocado washed,as well as the production of avocado sauce.Effluents were pretreated with a grease and oil trap and contained small amounts of oil and grease,dissolved and total solids,organic matter and trace of organic and inorganic compounds from the vitamins and minerals of avocado.The treatment train is located in an small surface and the train is integrated with coagulation in line with alumina in a static mixer,rapid filtration in two steps,double advanced oxidation with ozone and heterocyclic photocatalysis with a nanofilm of zinc oxide as,photocatalyzer and final adsorption of refractory compounds with activated charcoal.The treated wastewater meets the environmental regulation to urban sewerage discharges of the city,according to the results of a Mexican Certified Laboratory.
文摘Constructed wetlands (CWs) can achieve a high-quality wastewater treatment and a quality that meets the prescribed standard, defined by legislation on wastewater discharge. A limitation in the application of constructed wetlands (CWs) is the large area requirement, which limits their application. The subject matter of this research is to check the possibility of improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment and reducing the required area for constructed wetlands (CWs) by using an adequate substrate under the conditions found in Montenegro. In the described experiment, the constructed wetlands (CW) have a vertical flow system and play the role of a secondary wastewater treatment, receiving water from the existing WWTP in Podgorica after the primary treatment. These vertical flow systems reflect experience with the use of similar systems in Slovenija, Austria and Italy. Measurements to date show that the substrate plays an important role and that wastewater treatment efficacy varies significantly with respect to the type of substrate when used under the conditions available in Montenegro.
文摘IntroductionPrimary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the mostcommon malignancies in China. Since the1990s, it has been the first leading cause of cancerdeath in the rural areas versus the 2nd in the urbanareas in this country. 45% of all the newly en-countered cases in the world each year are from themainland of China, and the situation is extremelyworsened in its high risk southeast coastal area.Liver resection is chosen as an optimal treatmentfor liver cancer, yet the low resectability and highpostoperative recurrence prevent the long-term sur-vival of patients. Therefore, proper comprehensivetreatment of PLC for the improvement of the overalltherapeutic efficacy has been the focus of clinicalpractice and research. In comparison with single treatment, compre-
文摘Objective: To observe the influence of different intervals of acupuncture treatment on bone intensity in primary osteoporosis subjects. Methods: A total of 45 cases of primary osteoporosis female patients were randomly divided into 1 treatment/week (1-T/W), 2 treatments/week (2-T/W) and 3 treatments/week (3-T/W) groups, with 15 cases being in each group. Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenshu (BL 23), Taixi (KI 3) and Pishu (BL 20) were used and stimulated with reinforcing needling manipulation. For patients with deficiency syndrome of kidney-yang, thermal acupuncture was applied to Shenshu (BL 23), and for patients with spleen-deficiency syndrome, thermal acupuncture applied to Zusanli (ST 36). Results: After 6 months’ treatment, in 1-T/W group, no apparent change of bone intensity was observed, while in 2-T/W and 3-T/W groups, the bone intensity was increased significantly (P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture plus moxibustion treatment twice or 3 times every week can obviously improve the bone intensity.
文摘Objective To investigate clinical and pathological features of small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. Methods The pathological and clinical data of 9 cases of small cell carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.
文摘To review the primary experience of video-assisted rigid laser bronchoscopy in the treatment of tracheobronchial tumors.Methods From Sep.2002 to Nov.2004,13 patients (15 procedures) with tracheobronchial tumors were treated with video-assisted rigid bronchoscope.Benign tumors with small pedicles were removed directly.For benign tumors with wide pedicles or tumors extending beyond the wall of air-way,total enucleating through thoracotomy were employed.In cases with malignant tumors,stenosis or obstructions were relieved by implantation of stent or cautering with electric argoulaser knife.For malignant but resectable primary tumors of trachea and main bronchi,rigid bronchoscopy might serve as a preparation of radical resection.Results Of the 5 patients with benign tumors,4 received endoscopic total resection and 1 were conversed into thoracotomy.For the 8 malignant cases,3 received stent implantation,2 had palliative ablation 3 got curative resections through thoracotomy.No peri-operative complications or death occurred in this group.Conclusion Total resection of benign tracheobronchial tumors or palliative therapy for tracheobronchial malignant stenosis or preparation of radical resection can be performed safely and efficiently by video-assisted rigid bronchoscopy.5 refs.
文摘Before the construction of the Kuching Centralized Wastewater Treatment System Package 1 (KCWTSP1), partially treated blackwater and greywater were discharged directly into natural waterways. The accumulated wastewater had polluted Sarawak river, which is regulated and cannot discharge freely into the South China Sea. The polluted Sarawak river has endangered human health, river water quality, and aquatic ecosystems. Hence, the KCWTSP1 commissioned in 2015 serves the purpose of removing pollutants from wastewater before it is discharged into natural waterways. However, the effectiveness of KCWTPP1 is unknown. This paper is aimed to discuss and review the effectiveness of KCWTPP1 in treating wastewater since its inception in 2015. From 2017 to 2020, KCWTPP1 has treated an average of 4,200,000 m<sup>3</sup> of wastewater per year. Generally, most of the discharge effluent met Environmental Quality Act (1974) Standard A criteria, except for the oil and grease parameter. Initially, the plant could not treat suspended solids and total phosphorus, but this was greatly improved in subsequent years. Therefore, some improvements are required to treat oil and grease parameters effectively and efficiently to ensure that only Standard A effluent is discharged into the Sarawak River in the future.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of primary method root canal treatment(ORCT)and multiple root canal treatment(MRCT)for dental cryptocleidosis with endodontic lesions.Methods:88 patients with fissured teeth with endodontic lesions who were admitted to the hospital between November 2021 and November 2023 were selected,and after randomized numerical table grouping,44 cases in the experimental group were included in the ORCT treatment,and 44 cases in the reference group were included in the MRCT treatment,and the total effective rate,root canal filling rate,visual analog scale(VAS)score,periodontal indexes,and the complication rate were compared.Results:The total effective rate and root canal filling rate of the experimental group were higher than that of the reference group;after treatment,the VAS score of the experimental group was lower than that of the reference group,and the periodontal indexes were lower than that of the reference group;and the complication rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:ORCT can improve the overall efficacy of patients with fissured teeth with endodontic lesions,ensure the filling rate of root canals,significantly reduce pain symptoms,improve a number of periodontal indicators,have high endodontic safety,and have more therapeutic advantages than MRCT.
文摘Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a relative common medical problem caused by the inappropriate secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by one or more parathyroid glands. The diagnosis is established by serum calcium and PTH levels and once the diagnosis is established imaging studies help localize the hyperfunctioning adenoma in preparation for curative surgery. Until now, the imaging studies most commonly utilized in PHPT are ultrasonography and <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Sesta-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) parathyroid scintigraphy. However, these studies often fail to localize the adenoma and inappropriately delay patient referral to a potentially curative surgery. We present the case of a 64-year-old female with symptomatic PHPT who had 3 negative <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Sestamibi Scans over a period of 5 years who eventually had a PET/CT with <sup>11</sup>C-Choline that identified a right lower parathyroid adenoma. She underwent a right lower parathyroidectomy and had a successful outcome. We present a review the current imaging techniques used in the management of PHPT including <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Sesta-MIBI scintigraphy and its limitations and novel use of PET/CT with <sup>11</sup>C-Choline and <sup>18</sup>F-Choline in this disease and emphasize the fact that, according to current guidelines, failure to localize the adenoma should not delay referral for curative surgery.
基金Project supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2002AA601320) the Shandong Environment Protection Bureau Program (No. 2006032, 2006043)the Ph.D Fund of Shandong Jianzhu University (No. 624006, 2006043).
文摘The particle characterization from the influent and effluent of a chemical-biological flocculation （CBF） process was studied with a laser diffraction device. Water samples from a chemically enhanced primary treatment （CEPT） process and a primary sediment tank process were also analyzed for comparison. The results showed that CBF process was not only effective for both the big size particles and small size particles removal, but also the best particle removal process in the three processes. The results also indicated that CBF process was superior to CEPT process in the heavy metals removal. The high and non-selective removal for heavy metals might be closely related to its strong ability to eliminate small particles. Samples from different locations in CBF reactors showed that small particles were easier to aggregate into big ones and those disrupted flocs could properly flocculate again along CBF reactor because of the biological flocculation.
文摘Prostate cancer(PC) is a common malignant tumor in the male seniors,and its incidence has been ascending in China in recent years. Over 80%of the patients are diagnosed as being in the late stage and lose the opportunity of radical operation because of its early stage metastasis. Endocrinotherapy is regarded
基金the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42177051 and 41977317).
文摘Progesterones are ubiquitous in hospital wastewater(HWW)with concentrations much higher than those of estrogens and androgens.To ensure that these water systems are safe to use,disinfection is crucial during HWW treatment by providing"front line"defense against biological contaminations.Here,five disinfection processes,namely,chlorine(Cl_(2)),chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2)),ozone(O_(3)),ultraviolet(UV)),and UV/chlorine(UV/Cl_(2)),were selected to investigate their removal efficiencies for progesterones in primary filtration and secondary biological treatment effluents.There were 61 natural and synthetic progesterones detected in HWW,with the natural progesterones being the main components with a concentration of 845.51 ng/L and contributing to 75.08%of the total proge-sterones.The primary filtration treatment presented insignificant removal effects on the progesterones,while the secondary biological treatment significantly reduced the progesterone content by biode-gradation.The order of removal efficiencies of total progesterones by different disinfection processes was UV/Cl_(2)>Cl_(2)>O_(3)>ClO_(2)>UV.UV/Cl_(2)showed the highest removal efficiency against progesterones mainly due to the activation of Cl_(2)by ultraviolet(UV)photolysis,which helps open the heterocyclic,aromatic,and phenolic rings,thus accelerating progesterone degradation.In addition,the removal efficiencies of natural progesterones in the five disinfection processes were higher than those of synthetic progesterones(progesterone derivatives,19-nortestosterone derivatives,and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives).
