Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and eval...Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and evaluating their effectiveness,which makes their regulation difficult.An overview of the current state of the development and application of detergent additives for gasoline in China and other regions,as well as a review of the rapid detection and performance evaluation methods available for analyzing detergent additives are given herein.The review focuses on the convenience,cost,efficiency,and feasibility of on-site detection and the evaluation of various methods,and also looks into future research directions,such as detecting and evaluating detergent additives in ethanol gasoline and with advanced engine technologies.展开更多
Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU),is one of the most vital pathogens causing genitourinary tract infections of the body,and it can result in poor maternal and perinatal outcomes.The aim of this study was to establish a metho...Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU),is one of the most vital pathogens causing genitourinary tract infections of the body,and it can result in poor maternal and perinatal outcomes.The aim of this study was to establish a method to detect Ureaplasma urealyticum based on recombinant polymerase amplification(RPA)technique.Specific primers and probes were designed according to the 16sRNA gene sequence of Ureaplasma urealyticum.Six pathogens were detected for real-time fluorescence RPA specificity verification,including Mycoplasma hominis(MH),Chlamydia trachomatis(CT),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG),Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,and Lactobacillus vaginalis.The sensitivity of the method was performed by gradient dilution of the extracted template.A total of 60 clinical samples were detected by the established real-time fluorescence RPA.Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum can be completed within 20 minutes at 39°C using established RPA method.The minimum detection limit of Ureaplasma urealyticum by real-time fluorescence RPA was 3 pg.The evaluation of 60 clinical samples proved that RPA method was feasible.A high specificity,sensitivity,simplicity and rapidity method for Ureaplasma urealyticum detection was successfully established based on the real-time fluorescence RPA method.展开更多
Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)is an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals and a common source of nosocomial infections especially of the respiratory tract.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also a major bacterial disease of...Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)is an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals and a common source of nosocomial infections especially of the respiratory tract.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also a major bacterial disease of poultry and in particular,eggs and newly hatched chicks.In this study,we developed a simple,accurate and rapid molecular detection method using cross priming amplification(CPA)with a nucleic acid test strip to detect P.aeruginosa.The assay efficiently amplified the target gene within 45 min at 62℃only using a simple water bath.The detection limit of the method was 1.18x 102 copiesμL^-1 for plasmid DNA and 4.4 CFU mL^-1 for bacteria in pure culture,and was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR.We screened 83 clinical samples from yellow-feather broiler breeder chickens and hospitalized/treated dogs and cats using CPA,PCR and traditional culture methods.The positive sample ratios were 15.3%(13/83)by CPA,13.3%(11/83)by PCR and 12.1%(10/83)by the culture method.The established CPA method has significant advantages for detecting P.aeruginosa.The method is easy to use and possesses high specificity and sensitivity without the requirements of complicated experimental equipment.The PA-CPA assay is especially fit for outdoor and primary medical units and is an ideal system for the rapid detection and monitoring of P.aeruginosa.展开更多
Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems a...Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems are essentially required due to lack of effective vaccine against dengue virus and the progressive spread of the dengue virus infection.The recent progress in developing micro-and nano-fabrication techniques has led to low cost and scale down the biomedical point-of-care devices.Starting from the conventional and modern available methods for the diagnosis of dengue infection,this review examines several emerging rapid and point-of-care diagnostic devices that hold significant potential for the progress in smart diagnosis tools.The given review revealed that an effective vaccine is required urgently against all the dengue virus serotypes.However,the rapid detection methods of dengue virus help in early treatment and significantly reduce the dengue virus outbreak.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to develop a rapid method for the detection of spring Viremia of carp virus(SVCV).[Method]The specific primers were designed by targeting the G gene of SVCV.The recombinase polymerase amplific...[Objective]The paper was to develop a rapid method for the detection of spring Viremia of carp virus(SVCV).[Method]The specific primers were designed by targeting the G gene of SVCV.The recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)assay for detecting SVCV was estab-lished by optimizing the reaction conditions.The optimal amplification temperature of RPA assay was 30℃,and the test could be finished within 20 min.[Result]The method was specific with no cross-reaction with other common fish infectious viruses.Sensitivity test showed that the lowest detection limit of the method was 89.2 copies/μL,higher than that of traditional RT-PCR.Moreover,a total of 80 clinical samples were detected by RPA and RT-PCR,respectively.The weak positive samples tested by RT-PCR could be detectable with RPA,indicating that RPA assay could be used in clinical detection.[Conclusion]The method established is rapid,simple,specific and sensitive for testing SVCV,and it will be widely used in grassroots laboratory and on-site inspection.展开更多
Rapid detection of virulent pathogens during an outbreak is critical for public health advisories and control of the disease in a population. While many molecular techniques for point of care and clinical diagnosis ab...Rapid detection of virulent pathogens during an outbreak is critical for public health advisories and control of the disease in a population. While many molecular techniques for point of care and clinical diagnosis abound, the US experience with the COVID-19 testing in the early stages of the pandemic underscores the critical importance of determining the appropriate target gene(s) with in-built controls that reliably detect pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. Assays and research for diagnostics and therapy could be slowed during an epidemic because access to the required BSL-3 and BSL-4 laboratories are limited. So, during the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak, we tested the hypothesis that using synthetic cDNA of Ebolavirus in a bacteria surrogate (fit for all lab settings), would remain unmutated and safe after several generations, serving as an effective positive control in research settings, self test and point-of-care detection platforms. Primers were designed for the detection and quantification of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of the 2014 Makona Ebola strain (KR781608.1, 733 - 1332 bp). To test the stability of artificially inserted translation arrest in the Orf of the model gene, it was edited to include three STOP codons in the RNA transcript using SNAP GENE. The segment was then spliced into a high copy number plasmid, cloned into One Shot<sup>TM</sup> TOP10 <i>Escherichia coli</i> (Invitrogen), and tested for stability and safety by periodic subculture, extraction and sequencing. Unlike COVID-19, rapid detection of blood-borne etiologies like Ebola requires optimized protocols for blood matrix. Using real-time PCR and newly designed primer pairs, the EBOV surrogate was detected and enumerated in human blood and regular broth and buffers. Based on aligned sequence analysis, the EBOV synthetic NP gene was stable (>99.9999% similarity coefficient) for at least 3 months. Detection sensitivity in broth and blood was at least 100 cells/ml or about 5.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 7.3 × 10<sup>3</sup> virion equivalents per ml. While the developments of transcription-and-replication-competent virus like particles (trVLP) have made it possible to study the infection and replication cycles of virulent pathogens in BSL-2 laboratories, the simplicity of our model and the reproducibility of detection and enumeration show the utility of synthetic bio-components as positive controls for point of care diagnostic tools. The inserted stop codons remained intact after many generations, suggesting that expressed virulent proteins can be easily silenced in synthetic biology models for research in BSL-1 and 2 and a wide range of pathogens. Synthetic bio-components can thereby aid further research by reducing costs and improving safety for workers and stakeholders.展开更多
With the development of environmental monitoring,it is urgent to establish NO_(2)sensor with good sensing performance.Compared with the traditional NO_(2)sensors made of metal oxides,NO_(2)sensors made of n-p heterost...With the development of environmental monitoring,it is urgent to establish NO_(2)sensor with good sensing performance.Compared with the traditional NO_(2)sensors made of metal oxides,NO_(2)sensors made of n-p heterostructure nanocomposites have good sensing performance in detection limit and operating temperature.ZnO nanoflake arrays with polyaniline film grown on the surface were prepared on ceramic tubes by hydrothermal and vapor diffusion method.The gas-phase diffusion method can control the heterostructure by adjusting the diffusion time.At room temperature(25℃),the construction of rich n-p heterogeneous interface enables the sensor prepared by the nanocomposite to respond to NO_(2),showing the sensing performance with the response value of 28.00 to10.00×10^(-6)NO_(2);the detection limit improved to0.01×10^(-6)and the recovery time of 18 s.In this work,the sensing mechanism of NO_(2)at heterogeneous interface is analyzed,which provides a promising material for the detection of low concentration NO_(2)at room temperature.展开更多
Rapid detection of target foodborne pathogens plays more and more significant roles in food safety,which requires the efficiency,sensitivity,and accuracy.In this research,we proposed a new st rategy of isothermal-mole...Rapid detection of target foodborne pathogens plays more and more significant roles in food safety,which requires the efficiency,sensitivity,and accuracy.In this research,we proposed a new st rategy of isothermal-molecular-amplification integrated with lateral-flow-strip for rapid detection of Salmonella without traditional enrichment-culture.Th e designed syringe-assisted-filtration can contribute to simultaneous collection and concentration of target bacterium from vegetable samples in just 3 min,resolving the drawbacks of traditional random sampling protocols.After simple and convenient ultrasonication,samples can be directly amplified at 39℃ in 25 min and the amplicons are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with the designed lateral-flow-strip in 5 min.Finally,satisfied results have been achieved within 40 min,which greatly improve the efficiency while the accuracy is also guaranteed.Furthermore,all detection steps can be completed under instrument-free conditions.This method will hold great promise for target pathogen detection in the resource-limited district,or for emergency on-site identification.展开更多
The safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a major strategic issue that involves human health. With the continuous improvement in disease prevention and treatment, the export of TCM and its related products ha...The safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a major strategic issue that involves human health. With the continuous improvement in disease prevention and treatment, the export of TCM and its related products has increased dramatically in China. However, the frequent safety issues of Chinese medicine have become the ‘bottleneck' impeding the modernization of TCM. It was proved that mycotoxins seriously affect TCM safety; the pesticide residues of TCM are a key problem in TCM international trade; adulterants have also been detected, which is related to market circulation. These three factors have greatly affected TCM safety. In this study, fast, highly effective, economically-feasible and accurate detection methods concerning TCM safety issues were reviewed, especially on the authenticity, mycotoxins and pesticide residues of medicinal materials.展开更多
Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)play an increasingly important role in the field of medicine and affects public health in the world.Although more and more strict has been employed to ensure the quality and safety of CHM...Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)play an increasingly important role in the field of medicine and affects public health in the world.Although more and more strict has been employed to ensure the quality and safety of CHMs,pesticide residues in CHMs remain a serious issue and are the bottleneck for the global development of CHMs.In this work,we applied molecularly imprinted membrane electrospray mass spectrometry(MIM-ESI MS)for rapid detecting 4 classes of pesticide residues in CHMs,including organophosphorus(OPP),carbamates,pyrethroids and neonicotinoids in CHMs.Compared with our previous ambient ionization method MESI,MIM-ESI is capable of achieving a~50-fold increase in the detection limit of conventional analytical methods owing to the specificity recognition and unique enrichment of MIM.The optimal experimental conditions were determined,and the method was further validated for its sensitivity and specificity.Our data showed that MIM-ESI MS is applicable for the direct quantitation of pesticide residues in CHMs.This detection technology may help to ensure the quality of CHMs in the future.展开更多
A rapid identification method for aflatoxin B_(1) in paddy rice samples was developed by using near infrared spectroscopy under a wavelength range of 1000-2500 nm.Eighty paddy rice samples were collected from both nat...A rapid identification method for aflatoxin B_(1) in paddy rice samples was developed by using near infrared spectroscopy under a wavelength range of 1000-2500 nm.Eighty paddy rice samples were collected from both natural and artificial infection with aflatoxin B_(1) to build the calibration models based on the partial least square regression method.The best predictive model to detect aflatoxin B_(1) in paddy rice was obtained using standard normal variate detrending spectra,with a correlation of 0.850,and a standard error of prediction of 3.211%.Therefore,the result showed that near infrared spectroscopy could be a useful instrumental method for determining aflatoxin B_(1) in paddy rice.The near infrared spectroscopy methodology can be applied to the monitoring of aflatoxin fungal contamination in postharvest paddy rice during storage and may become a powerful tool for the safety of grain and grain products.展开更多
Rapid on-site detection of pathogenic bacteria with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming an urgent need in public health assurance, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety fields. Despit...Rapid on-site detection of pathogenic bacteria with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming an urgent need in public health assurance, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety fields. Despite being reliable and widely used, the existing methods of bacteria detection are cumbersome and time-consuming, which is not conducive to field detection. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology has provided a detective tool for various analytes, due to its miniaturization, portability and low reagent consumption. Within this progress report, advances in the bacteria detection using microfluidic biosensors were discussed. Typical methods for pathogenic bacteria capture, separation and detection were introduced respectively in the first part. Then key applications of microfluidic biosensor-based rapid bacteria detection were presented. Finally, we made a conclusion and discussed possible research prospects in aspects of microfluidic biosensors for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria.展开更多
Meloidogyne vitis is a new root-knot nematode parasitic on grape root in Yunnan Province,China.In order to establish a rapid,reliable and specific molecular detection method for M.vitis,the species-specific primers we...Meloidogyne vitis is a new root-knot nematode parasitic on grape root in Yunnan Province,China.In order to establish a rapid,reliable and specific molecular detection method for M.vitis,the species-specific primers were designed with rDNA-ITS(ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer)gene fragment as the target.The reaction system was optimized and the reliability,specificity and sensitivity of primer were testified,therefore,a rapid PCR detection method for M.vitis was established.The result showed that the optimal annealing temperature of the primers was 53℃,which was suitable for the detection of different life stages of M.vitis.Specificity test showed that the specific fragment size of 174 bp was obtained from M.vitis,but other five non-target nematodes did not have any amplification bands,thus effectively distinguish M.vitis and the other five species,and could specifically detect the M.vitis from mixed populations.Sensitivity test showed that this PCR technique could detect the DNA of a single second-stage juvenile(J_(2))and 10^(-4)female.Futhermore,this PCR technique could be used to detect directly M.vitis from soil samples.The rapid,sensitive and specific PCR molecular detection technique could be used for the direct identification of a single J_(2)of M.vitis and the detection of M.vitis in mixed nematode populations and the detection of two J_(2)s or one male in 0.5 g soil samples,which will provide technical support for the investigation of the occurrence and damage of M.vitis and the formulation of efficient green co ntrol strategies.展开更多
A recurrent pandemic with unpredictable viral nature has implied the need for a rapid diagnostic technology to facilitate timely and appropriate countermeasures against viral infections.In this study,conductive polyme...A recurrent pandemic with unpredictable viral nature has implied the need for a rapid diagnostic technology to facilitate timely and appropriate countermeasures against viral infections.In this study,conductive polymer-based nanoparticles have been developed as a tool for rapid diagnosis of influenza A(H1N1)virus.The distinctive property of a conductive polymer that transduces stimulus to respond,enabled immediate optical signal processing for the specific recognition of H1N1 virus.Conductive poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)-encapsulated polymeric vesicles,functionalized with peptides,were fabricated for the specific recognition of H1N1 virus.The low solubility of conductive polymers was successfully improved by employing vesicles consisting of amphiphilic copolymers,facilitating the viral titer-dependent production of the optical response.The optical response of the detection system to the binding event with H1N1,a mechanical stimulation,was extensively analyzed and provided concordant information on viral titers of H1N1 virus in 15 min.The specificity toward the H1N1 virus was experimentally demonstrated via a negative optical response against the control group,H3N2.Therefore,the designed system that transduces the optical response to the target-specific binding can be a rapid tool for the diagnosis of H1N1.展开更多
Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are single-stranded,negative sense RNA viruses.IAV subtype is determined on the basis of the viral surface glycoproteins,hemagglutinin(HA),and neuraminidase(NA).To date,18 HA and 1...Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are single-stranded,negative sense RNA viruses.IAV subtype is determined on the basis of the viral surface glycoproteins,hemagglutinin(HA),and neuraminidase(NA).To date,18 HA and 11NA subtypes have been reported(Tong et al.,2012).展开更多
Exposure to toxins can lead to a wide range of adverse health effects, including respiratory problems, neurological disorders, cancer, and reproductive issues. Toxins can come from various sources, such as industrial ...Exposure to toxins can lead to a wide range of adverse health effects, including respiratory problems, neurological disorders, cancer, and reproductive issues. Toxins can come from various sources, such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and household chemicals. Therefore, detecting and monitoring toxins in the environment is crucial for protecting human health and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Hememics biosensor system in detecting environmental toxins such as Ricin and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in mixed matrixes. When Ricin and SEB are spiked into soil, chopped lettuce, tap water, milk and serum, the biosensor was able to detect these toxins, without sample processing, at a level of detection comparable to lab testing with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, Hememics biosensor system is designed to be network-enabled, which means that results can be transmitted to relevant agencies for quick decisions. This feature is crucial in cases where quick action is needed to prevent further contamination or exposure to harmful toxins.展开更多
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungus.Many mycotoxin species are highly toxic and are frequently found in cereals and feedstuffs.So,powerful detection methods are vital and effective ways to prevent ...Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungus.Many mycotoxin species are highly toxic and are frequently found in cereals and feedstuffs.So,powerful detection methods are vital and effective ways to prevent feed contamination.Traditional detection methods can no longer meet the needs of massive,real-time,simple,and fast mycotoxin monitoring.Rapid detection methods based on advanced material and sensor technology are the future trend.In this review,we highlight recent progress of mycotoxin rapid detection strategies in feedstuffs and foods,especially for simultaneous multiplex mycotoxin determination.Immunoassays,biosensors,and the prominent roles of nanomaterials are introduced.The principles of different types of recognition and signal transduction are explained,and the merits and pitfalls of these methods are compared.Furthermore,limitations and challenges of existing rapid sensing strategies and perspectives of future research are discussed.展开更多
Numerous large-scale fragmented bedrock landslides developed along major fault system is a world-wide phenomenon,which are often characterized with repeated reactivation throughout histories.Due to the large-scale and...Numerous large-scale fragmented bedrock landslides developed along major fault system is a world-wide phenomenon,which are often characterized with repeated reactivation throughout histories.Due to the large-scale and deep-seated features,it is normally difficult to control such landslides,which in turn pose great threat to local residents and infrastructures.Therefore,monitoring and forecasting these gigantic landslides has become a key protocol for risk reduction.This paper introduces such a typical massive landslide,named Yahuokou landslide,besides Min River in Zhouqu County,Gansu Province,China.Reactivated on July 16,2019 with a volume of approximately 4×106 m3,moving slowly and transitionally starting from top part,its toe had partially blocked the Min River and destroyed roads and houses eventually by August 11,2019.As to emergency response for such huge slowmoving landslide,there is no standard national protocols.Therefore,how to make effective emergency decision has become a challenge.Based on previous experiences,integrated multi-methods,including UAV imagery interpretation,we applied GNSS monitoring and field investigations in the early stages of landsliding,in order to assist the decisionmaking.The results show that the movement path of the current displacement is consistent with that of the 1989 reactivation event,and the slide body was separated into three relatively independent blocks with different sliding velocities and responses to rainfall.The upper and lower blocks appeared less affected by rainfall,while the middle block responded more to the changes in precipitations.It proves that the combined approaches using a variety of monitoring techniques can play an effective role in the monitoring of rapidly deformed transitional largescale landslides,and can also provide a set of reference methods for the emergency disposal of similar landslide hazards.展开更多
Background:Outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have been recorded in different countries across the globe.The virus is highly contagious,hence early detection,isolation,and quarantine of infected patients w...Background:Outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have been recorded in different countries across the globe.The virus is highly contagious,hence early detection,isolation,and quarantine of infected patients will play an important role in containing the viral spread.Diagnosis in a mobile lab can aid to find infected patients in time.Methods:Here,we develop a field-deployable diagnostic workflow that can reliably detect COVID-19.Instruments used in this workflow can easily fit in a mobile cabin hospital and also be installed in the community.Different steps from sample inactivation to detection were optimized to find the fastest steps and portable instruments in the detection of COVID-19.Each step was compared to that of the normal laboratory diagnosis setup.Results:From the results,our proposed workflow(80 min)was two times faster compared to that of the normal laboratory workflow(183 min)and a maximum of 32 samples could be detected at each run.Additionally,we showed that using 1%Rewocid WK-30 could inactivate the novel coronavirus directly without affecting the overall detection results.Comparison of our workflow using an in-house assay to that of a commercially acquired assay produced highly reliable results.From the 250 hospital samples tested,there was a high concordance 247/250(98.8%)between the two assays.The in-house assay sensitivity and specificity were 116/116(100%)and 131/134(97.8%)compared to that of the commercial assay.Conclusion:Based on these results,we believe that our workflow is fast,reliable,adaptable and most importantly,field-deployable.展开更多
As a marine bacterial pathogen, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae(PDD) is distributed in seawater worldwide. It can infect different animals as well as humans, even cause deaths. The highly conserved regions of ...As a marine bacterial pathogen, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae(PDD) is distributed in seawater worldwide. It can infect different animals as well as humans, even cause deaths. The highly conserved regions of PDD mcp gene on chromosome and dly gene on plasmid were selected as the target fragments to design the specific primers. Recombinant plasmid standard was prepared based on the primers. With GENECHECKER UF-150 qRT-PCR instrument as the platform, a fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) method was established for the detection of PDD. This method can specifically detect PDD and distinguish the highly virulent strains. Additionally, the test results can be qualitatively judged by visualization, while the quantitative detection can be achieved through the standard curve calculation. The minimum limit of detection was 1.0×101 copies μL-1, and the detection time was less than 20 min. In summary, this new method has outstanding advantages, such as strong specificity, high sensitivity, and low site requirements. It is a rapid on-site detection technology for highly virulent PDD strains.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the SINOPEC Research Project(No.121052-2).
文摘Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and evaluating their effectiveness,which makes their regulation difficult.An overview of the current state of the development and application of detergent additives for gasoline in China and other regions,as well as a review of the rapid detection and performance evaluation methods available for analyzing detergent additives are given herein.The review focuses on the convenience,cost,efficiency,and feasibility of on-site detection and the evaluation of various methods,and also looks into future research directions,such as detecting and evaluating detergent additives in ethanol gasoline and with advanced engine technologies.
文摘Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU),is one of the most vital pathogens causing genitourinary tract infections of the body,and it can result in poor maternal and perinatal outcomes.The aim of this study was to establish a method to detect Ureaplasma urealyticum based on recombinant polymerase amplification(RPA)technique.Specific primers and probes were designed according to the 16sRNA gene sequence of Ureaplasma urealyticum.Six pathogens were detected for real-time fluorescence RPA specificity verification,including Mycoplasma hominis(MH),Chlamydia trachomatis(CT),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG),Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,and Lactobacillus vaginalis.The sensitivity of the method was performed by gradient dilution of the extracted template.A total of 60 clinical samples were detected by the established real-time fluorescence RPA.Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum can be completed within 20 minutes at 39°C using established RPA method.The minimum detection limit of Ureaplasma urealyticum by real-time fluorescence RPA was 3 pg.The evaluation of 60 clinical samples proved that RPA method was feasible.A high specificity,sensitivity,simplicity and rapidity method for Ureaplasma urealyticum detection was successfully established based on the real-time fluorescence RPA method.
基金Supported by the Guangdong Key S&T Program(2019B020217002)from the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province,China,the Guangdong Poultry Industry Technology System,China(2019KJ128)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-41-G16).
文摘Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)is an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals and a common source of nosocomial infections especially of the respiratory tract.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also a major bacterial disease of poultry and in particular,eggs and newly hatched chicks.In this study,we developed a simple,accurate and rapid molecular detection method using cross priming amplification(CPA)with a nucleic acid test strip to detect P.aeruginosa.The assay efficiently amplified the target gene within 45 min at 62℃only using a simple water bath.The detection limit of the method was 1.18x 102 copiesμL^-1 for plasmid DNA and 4.4 CFU mL^-1 for bacteria in pure culture,and was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR.We screened 83 clinical samples from yellow-feather broiler breeder chickens and hospitalized/treated dogs and cats using CPA,PCR and traditional culture methods.The positive sample ratios were 15.3%(13/83)by CPA,13.3%(11/83)by PCR and 12.1%(10/83)by the culture method.The established CPA method has significant advantages for detecting P.aeruginosa.The method is easy to use and possesses high specificity and sensitivity without the requirements of complicated experimental equipment.The PA-CPA assay is especially fit for outdoor and primary medical units and is an ideal system for the rapid detection and monitoring of P.aeruginosa.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Shenzhen International cooperation projects under Grant Nos.(GJHZ20190819151403615)the Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(61801307).
文摘Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems are essentially required due to lack of effective vaccine against dengue virus and the progressive spread of the dengue virus infection.The recent progress in developing micro-and nano-fabrication techniques has led to low cost and scale down the biomedical point-of-care devices.Starting from the conventional and modern available methods for the diagnosis of dengue infection,this review examines several emerging rapid and point-of-care diagnostic devices that hold significant potential for the progress in smart diagnosis tools.The given review revealed that an effective vaccine is required urgently against all the dengue virus serotypes.However,the rapid detection methods of dengue virus help in early treatment and significantly reduce the dengue virus outbreak.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program (2017YFF0211103)Scientific Research Project of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine (2017IK232)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to develop a rapid method for the detection of spring Viremia of carp virus(SVCV).[Method]The specific primers were designed by targeting the G gene of SVCV.The recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)assay for detecting SVCV was estab-lished by optimizing the reaction conditions.The optimal amplification temperature of RPA assay was 30℃,and the test could be finished within 20 min.[Result]The method was specific with no cross-reaction with other common fish infectious viruses.Sensitivity test showed that the lowest detection limit of the method was 89.2 copies/μL,higher than that of traditional RT-PCR.Moreover,a total of 80 clinical samples were detected by RPA and RT-PCR,respectively.The weak positive samples tested by RT-PCR could be detectable with RPA,indicating that RPA assay could be used in clinical detection.[Conclusion]The method established is rapid,simple,specific and sensitive for testing SVCV,and it will be widely used in grassroots laboratory and on-site inspection.
文摘Rapid detection of virulent pathogens during an outbreak is critical for public health advisories and control of the disease in a population. While many molecular techniques for point of care and clinical diagnosis abound, the US experience with the COVID-19 testing in the early stages of the pandemic underscores the critical importance of determining the appropriate target gene(s) with in-built controls that reliably detect pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. Assays and research for diagnostics and therapy could be slowed during an epidemic because access to the required BSL-3 and BSL-4 laboratories are limited. So, during the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak, we tested the hypothesis that using synthetic cDNA of Ebolavirus in a bacteria surrogate (fit for all lab settings), would remain unmutated and safe after several generations, serving as an effective positive control in research settings, self test and point-of-care detection platforms. Primers were designed for the detection and quantification of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of the 2014 Makona Ebola strain (KR781608.1, 733 - 1332 bp). To test the stability of artificially inserted translation arrest in the Orf of the model gene, it was edited to include three STOP codons in the RNA transcript using SNAP GENE. The segment was then spliced into a high copy number plasmid, cloned into One Shot<sup>TM</sup> TOP10 <i>Escherichia coli</i> (Invitrogen), and tested for stability and safety by periodic subculture, extraction and sequencing. Unlike COVID-19, rapid detection of blood-borne etiologies like Ebola requires optimized protocols for blood matrix. Using real-time PCR and newly designed primer pairs, the EBOV surrogate was detected and enumerated in human blood and regular broth and buffers. Based on aligned sequence analysis, the EBOV synthetic NP gene was stable (>99.9999% similarity coefficient) for at least 3 months. Detection sensitivity in broth and blood was at least 100 cells/ml or about 5.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 7.3 × 10<sup>3</sup> virion equivalents per ml. While the developments of transcription-and-replication-competent virus like particles (trVLP) have made it possible to study the infection and replication cycles of virulent pathogens in BSL-2 laboratories, the simplicity of our model and the reproducibility of detection and enumeration show the utility of synthetic bio-components as positive controls for point of care diagnostic tools. The inserted stop codons remained intact after many generations, suggesting that expressed virulent proteins can be easily silenced in synthetic biology models for research in BSL-1 and 2 and a wide range of pathogens. Synthetic bio-components can thereby aid further research by reducing costs and improving safety for workers and stakeholders.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21771060,61271126)the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2016YFE0115100)+1 种基金the Program for Science and Technology Project of Heilongjiang province(No.JQ2021B002)the Reform and Development Fund Project of Local University supported by the Central Government,Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program。
文摘With the development of environmental monitoring,it is urgent to establish NO_(2)sensor with good sensing performance.Compared with the traditional NO_(2)sensors made of metal oxides,NO_(2)sensors made of n-p heterostructure nanocomposites have good sensing performance in detection limit and operating temperature.ZnO nanoflake arrays with polyaniline film grown on the surface were prepared on ceramic tubes by hydrothermal and vapor diffusion method.The gas-phase diffusion method can control the heterostructure by adjusting the diffusion time.At room temperature(25℃),the construction of rich n-p heterogeneous interface enables the sensor prepared by the nanocomposite to respond to NO_(2),showing the sensing performance with the response value of 28.00 to10.00×10^(-6)NO_(2);the detection limit improved to0.01×10^(-6)and the recovery time of 18 s.In this work,the sensing mechanism of NO_(2)at heterogeneous interface is analyzed,which provides a promising material for the detection of low concentration NO_(2)at room temperature.
基金financially supported by the grants of the NSFC(32172295,21804028)the key R&D program of Anhui(201904d07020016)+5 种基金the Anhui Provincial NSF(1908085QC121)the Fundamental Research Fund for central university(JZ2019HGTB0068)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M652167)the Fund of State Key Lab of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics(Hunan University),the postdoc grant of Anhui(2020B412)Young and Middle-aged Leading Scientists,Engineers and Innovators of the XPCC(2019CB017)China Agriculture Research System-48(CARS-48).
文摘Rapid detection of target foodborne pathogens plays more and more significant roles in food safety,which requires the efficiency,sensitivity,and accuracy.In this research,we proposed a new st rategy of isothermal-molecular-amplification integrated with lateral-flow-strip for rapid detection of Salmonella without traditional enrichment-culture.Th e designed syringe-assisted-filtration can contribute to simultaneous collection and concentration of target bacterium from vegetable samples in just 3 min,resolving the drawbacks of traditional random sampling protocols.After simple and convenient ultrasonication,samples can be directly amplified at 39℃ in 25 min and the amplicons are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with the designed lateral-flow-strip in 5 min.Finally,satisfied results have been achieved within 40 min,which greatly improve the efficiency while the accuracy is also guaranteed.Furthermore,all detection steps can be completed under instrument-free conditions.This method will hold great promise for target pathogen detection in the resource-limited district,or for emergency on-site identification.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81473303)the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for ‘Significant New Drugs Creation’ (No. 2014ZX09304307001)
文摘The safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a major strategic issue that involves human health. With the continuous improvement in disease prevention and treatment, the export of TCM and its related products has increased dramatically in China. However, the frequent safety issues of Chinese medicine have become the ‘bottleneck' impeding the modernization of TCM. It was proved that mycotoxins seriously affect TCM safety; the pesticide residues of TCM are a key problem in TCM international trade; adulterants have also been detected, which is related to market circulation. These three factors have greatly affected TCM safety. In this study, fast, highly effective, economically-feasible and accurate detection methods concerning TCM safety issues were reviewed, especially on the authenticity, mycotoxins and pesticide residues of medicinal materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072247)to MZthe Young Scholar Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(Nos.2019-JYBJS-017 and 2021-JYB-XJSJJ001)to SJ and MZ。
文摘Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)play an increasingly important role in the field of medicine and affects public health in the world.Although more and more strict has been employed to ensure the quality and safety of CHMs,pesticide residues in CHMs remain a serious issue and are the bottleneck for the global development of CHMs.In this work,we applied molecularly imprinted membrane electrospray mass spectrometry(MIM-ESI MS)for rapid detecting 4 classes of pesticide residues in CHMs,including organophosphorus(OPP),carbamates,pyrethroids and neonicotinoids in CHMs.Compared with our previous ambient ionization method MESI,MIM-ESI is capable of achieving a~50-fold increase in the detection limit of conventional analytical methods owing to the specificity recognition and unique enrichment of MIM.The optimal experimental conditions were determined,and the method was further validated for its sensitivity and specificity.Our data showed that MIM-ESI MS is applicable for the direct quantitation of pesticide residues in CHMs.This detection technology may help to ensure the quality of CHMs in the future.
基金the National 12th Five-Year Plan for Science&Technology Support Fund(NO.2012BAK08B04-02)for its financial support。
文摘A rapid identification method for aflatoxin B_(1) in paddy rice samples was developed by using near infrared spectroscopy under a wavelength range of 1000-2500 nm.Eighty paddy rice samples were collected from both natural and artificial infection with aflatoxin B_(1) to build the calibration models based on the partial least square regression method.The best predictive model to detect aflatoxin B_(1) in paddy rice was obtained using standard normal variate detrending spectra,with a correlation of 0.850,and a standard error of prediction of 3.211%.Therefore,the result showed that near infrared spectroscopy could be a useful instrumental method for determining aflatoxin B_(1) in paddy rice.The near infrared spectroscopy methodology can be applied to the monitoring of aflatoxin fungal contamination in postharvest paddy rice during storage and may become a powerful tool for the safety of grain and grain products.
基金supported by Research and Development Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province,China (No.2019B020209009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21727814, 81872829 and 21621003)。
文摘Rapid on-site detection of pathogenic bacteria with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming an urgent need in public health assurance, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety fields. Despite being reliable and widely used, the existing methods of bacteria detection are cumbersome and time-consuming, which is not conducive to field detection. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology has provided a detective tool for various analytes, due to its miniaturization, portability and low reagent consumption. Within this progress report, advances in the bacteria detection using microfluidic biosensors were discussed. Typical methods for pathogenic bacteria capture, separation and detection were introduced respectively in the first part. Then key applications of microfluidic biosensor-based rapid bacteria detection were presented. Finally, we made a conclusion and discussed possible research prospects in aspects of microfluidic biosensors for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0201202 and 2017YFD0200601)。
文摘Meloidogyne vitis is a new root-knot nematode parasitic on grape root in Yunnan Province,China.In order to establish a rapid,reliable and specific molecular detection method for M.vitis,the species-specific primers were designed with rDNA-ITS(ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer)gene fragment as the target.The reaction system was optimized and the reliability,specificity and sensitivity of primer were testified,therefore,a rapid PCR detection method for M.vitis was established.The result showed that the optimal annealing temperature of the primers was 53℃,which was suitable for the detection of different life stages of M.vitis.Specificity test showed that the specific fragment size of 174 bp was obtained from M.vitis,but other five non-target nematodes did not have any amplification bands,thus effectively distinguish M.vitis and the other five species,and could specifically detect the M.vitis from mixed populations.Sensitivity test showed that this PCR technique could detect the DNA of a single second-stage juvenile(J_(2))and 10^(-4)female.Futhermore,this PCR technique could be used to detect directly M.vitis from soil samples.The rapid,sensitive and specific PCR molecular detection technique could be used for the direct identification of a single J_(2)of M.vitis and the detection of M.vitis in mixed nematode populations and the detection of two J_(2)s or one male in 0.5 g soil samples,which will provide technical support for the investigation of the occurrence and damage of M.vitis and the formulation of efficient green co ntrol strategies.
基金H.-O.Kim acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government(No.NRF-2019R1I1A1A01057005)Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture and Forestry(IPET)through the Animal Disease Management Technology Development Program funded by Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(No.320056-2)+6 种基金D.Song acknowledges support from Korea Mouse Phenotyping Project(No.NRF-2019M3A9D5A01102797)Development of African Swine Fever Virus Vaccine and Assessment of Rapid Test Kit(No.NRF-2019K1A3A1A61091813)of the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research FoundationS.Haam acknowledges support from Technology Development Project for Biological Hazards Management in Indoor Air Program of Korea Environment Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)funded by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)(No.RE202101004)Nano Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(No.2017M3A7B4041798)This research was also supported by the Bio&Medical Technology Development Program(No.NRF-2018M3A9E2022819)the Bio&Medical Technology Development Program(No.NRF-2018M3A9H4056340)the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science&ICT.
文摘A recurrent pandemic with unpredictable viral nature has implied the need for a rapid diagnostic technology to facilitate timely and appropriate countermeasures against viral infections.In this study,conductive polymer-based nanoparticles have been developed as a tool for rapid diagnosis of influenza A(H1N1)virus.The distinctive property of a conductive polymer that transduces stimulus to respond,enabled immediate optical signal processing for the specific recognition of H1N1 virus.Conductive poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)-encapsulated polymeric vesicles,functionalized with peptides,were fabricated for the specific recognition of H1N1 virus.The low solubility of conductive polymers was successfully improved by employing vesicles consisting of amphiphilic copolymers,facilitating the viral titer-dependent production of the optical response.The optical response of the detection system to the binding event with H1N1,a mechanical stimulation,was extensively analyzed and provided concordant information on viral titers of H1N1 virus in 15 min.The specificity toward the H1N1 virus was experimentally demonstrated via a negative optical response against the control group,H3N2.Therefore,the designed system that transduces the optical response to the target-specific binding can be a rapid tool for the diagnosis of H1N1.
基金partially supported by the National Institutes of Health(grant no.P20GM103646)the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service(agreement 14-7428-1041-CA)
文摘Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are single-stranded,negative sense RNA viruses.IAV subtype is determined on the basis of the viral surface glycoproteins,hemagglutinin(HA),and neuraminidase(NA).To date,18 HA and 11NA subtypes have been reported(Tong et al.,2012).
文摘Exposure to toxins can lead to a wide range of adverse health effects, including respiratory problems, neurological disorders, cancer, and reproductive issues. Toxins can come from various sources, such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and household chemicals. Therefore, detecting and monitoring toxins in the environment is crucial for protecting human health and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Hememics biosensor system in detecting environmental toxins such as Ricin and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in mixed matrixes. When Ricin and SEB are spiked into soil, chopped lettuce, tap water, milk and serum, the biosensor was able to detect these toxins, without sample processing, at a level of detection comparable to lab testing with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, Hememics biosensor system is designed to be network-enabled, which means that results can be transmitted to relevant agencies for quick decisions. This feature is crucial in cases where quick action is needed to prevent further contamination or exposure to harmful toxins.
基金The financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1600300).
文摘Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungus.Many mycotoxin species are highly toxic and are frequently found in cereals and feedstuffs.So,powerful detection methods are vital and effective ways to prevent feed contamination.Traditional detection methods can no longer meet the needs of massive,real-time,simple,and fast mycotoxin monitoring.Rapid detection methods based on advanced material and sensor technology are the future trend.In this review,we highlight recent progress of mycotoxin rapid detection strategies in feedstuffs and foods,especially for simultaneous multiplex mycotoxin determination.Immunoassays,biosensors,and the prominent roles of nanomaterials are introduced.The principles of different types of recognition and signal transduction are explained,and the merits and pitfalls of these methods are compared.Furthermore,limitations and challenges of existing rapid sensing strategies and perspectives of future research are discussed.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC1501005)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1504704)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42007232)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(Grant No.20YF8FA074)the Science and Technology Major Project of Gansu Province(Grant No.19ZD2FA002)the Construction Project of Gansu Technological Innovation Center(Grant No.18JR2JA006)。
文摘Numerous large-scale fragmented bedrock landslides developed along major fault system is a world-wide phenomenon,which are often characterized with repeated reactivation throughout histories.Due to the large-scale and deep-seated features,it is normally difficult to control such landslides,which in turn pose great threat to local residents and infrastructures.Therefore,monitoring and forecasting these gigantic landslides has become a key protocol for risk reduction.This paper introduces such a typical massive landslide,named Yahuokou landslide,besides Min River in Zhouqu County,Gansu Province,China.Reactivated on July 16,2019 with a volume of approximately 4×106 m3,moving slowly and transitionally starting from top part,its toe had partially blocked the Min River and destroyed roads and houses eventually by August 11,2019.As to emergency response for such huge slowmoving landslide,there is no standard national protocols.Therefore,how to make effective emergency decision has become a challenge.Based on previous experiences,integrated multi-methods,including UAV imagery interpretation,we applied GNSS monitoring and field investigations in the early stages of landsliding,in order to assist the decisionmaking.The results show that the movement path of the current displacement is consistent with that of the 1989 reactivation event,and the slide body was separated into three relatively independent blocks with different sliding velocities and responses to rainfall.The upper and lower blocks appeared less affected by rainfall,while the middle block responded more to the changes in precipitations.It proves that the combined approaches using a variety of monitoring techniques can play an effective role in the monitoring of rapidly deformed transitional largescale landslides,and can also provide a set of reference methods for the emergency disposal of similar landslide hazards.
文摘Background:Outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have been recorded in different countries across the globe.The virus is highly contagious,hence early detection,isolation,and quarantine of infected patients will play an important role in containing the viral spread.Diagnosis in a mobile lab can aid to find infected patients in time.Methods:Here,we develop a field-deployable diagnostic workflow that can reliably detect COVID-19.Instruments used in this workflow can easily fit in a mobile cabin hospital and also be installed in the community.Different steps from sample inactivation to detection were optimized to find the fastest steps and portable instruments in the detection of COVID-19.Each step was compared to that of the normal laboratory diagnosis setup.Results:From the results,our proposed workflow(80 min)was two times faster compared to that of the normal laboratory workflow(183 min)and a maximum of 32 samples could be detected at each run.Additionally,we showed that using 1%Rewocid WK-30 could inactivate the novel coronavirus directly without affecting the overall detection results.Comparison of our workflow using an in-house assay to that of a commercially acquired assay produced highly reliable results.From the 250 hospital samples tested,there was a high concordance 247/250(98.8%)between the two assays.The in-house assay sensitivity and specificity were 116/116(100%)and 131/134(97.8%)compared to that of the commercial assay.Conclusion:Based on these results,we believe that our workflow is fast,reliable,adaptable and most importantly,field-deployable.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFD0900104)the Key Projects of Science and Technology In-novation of Shandong Province (No. 2018YFJH0703)。
文摘As a marine bacterial pathogen, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae(PDD) is distributed in seawater worldwide. It can infect different animals as well as humans, even cause deaths. The highly conserved regions of PDD mcp gene on chromosome and dly gene on plasmid were selected as the target fragments to design the specific primers. Recombinant plasmid standard was prepared based on the primers. With GENECHECKER UF-150 qRT-PCR instrument as the platform, a fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) method was established for the detection of PDD. This method can specifically detect PDD and distinguish the highly virulent strains. Additionally, the test results can be qualitatively judged by visualization, while the quantitative detection can be achieved through the standard curve calculation. The minimum limit of detection was 1.0×101 copies μL-1, and the detection time was less than 20 min. In summary, this new method has outstanding advantages, such as strong specificity, high sensitivity, and low site requirements. It is a rapid on-site detection technology for highly virulent PDD strains.
