The study discussed the rapid method to test and predict the longevity of controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） coated by water soluble resin by using the short-term leaching under higher temperature. Pure water dis...The study discussed the rapid method to test and predict the longevity of controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） coated by water soluble resin by using the short-term leaching under higher temperature. Pure water dissolving incubation and higher temperature leaching were used to study the patterns of the nutrient release of the CRFs. The correlation analysis between the days at 25℃ and the hours at 80℃ of Trincote 1 and Trincote 2 for the same cumulative release rates were conducted. Patterns of cumulative nutrient release curve followed one factor quadratic regression equation at each given temperatures, and each of relative coefficient was bigger than 0.995. As the temperature increased, nutrients release of the CRFs increased. The longevity of resin coated CRFs were predicted by use of both the cumulative nutrients release equation at 80℃ and the regression equation of release time needed for the same cumulative release rates between 25 and 80℃. There were only 0.3-6.9% relative errors between the tested longevity and predicted one. In conclusion, the longevity of resin coated CRFs could be predicted more quickly and precisely by use of the higher temperature short-term leaching method than that of the traditional differential release rate. The longevity of resin coated CRF could be rapidly and precisely predicted in a few hours by application of the higher temperature shortterm leaching method.展开更多
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a legume crop that is grown in the worldwide, provides beneficial proteins for human consumption and animal feeding. In comparison, Rapid N analyzer as traditional method, has bee...Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a legume crop that is grown in the worldwide, provides beneficial proteins for human consumption and animal feeding. In comparison, Rapid N analyzer as traditional method, has been widely used to measure protein content through the percentage of total nitrogen in the seed’s grounded powder. Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) has commonly been used to measure protein content in soybean seeds using whole grain without the need of seed grinding, which makes it possible to obtain fast results at a lower cost-per-analysis than the traditional combustion method. The specific objective of this study is to test a rapid method for measuring cowpea seed protein content by the NIR analyzer comparing to the traditional rapid N analyzer. A total of 240 cowpea genotypes were used in this study, including six seed coat colors, black, blackeye, browneye, cream, pinkeye, and red with 40 cowpea genotypes. The results showed that a linear relationship exists between the NIR analyzer and the Rapid N analyzer in the six different color groups. The correlation efficiency (r) between the seed protein contents from NIR and Rapid N was higher for pinkeye seed (r = 0.867), blackeye (0.771), cream (0.729), browneye (0.700), and red (0.623), respectively, but lower for black seeds, indicating that the NIR analyzer can be used to measure protein content for cowpea seeds with the five types of seed coat except black. Overview, the cowpea seed protein content measured from the NIR analyzer showed a little higher seed protein content. A series of regression models with different seed coat color have been built to adjust to protein content of colorful cowpea seeds from the NIR analyzer. But, it is not recommended to use for black color seeds due to a very low correlation efficiency (r) value with 0.184.展开更多
Transplutonium isotopes are scarce and need to be produced by irradiation in high flux reactors.However,their production is inefficient,and optimization studies are necessary.This study analyzes the physical nature of...Transplutonium isotopes are scarce and need to be produced by irradiation in high flux reactors.However,their production is inefficient,and optimization studies are necessary.This study analyzes the physical nature of transplutonium isotope produc-tion using ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu as examples.Traditional methods based on the Monte Carlo burnup calculation have the limitations of many calculations and cannot analyze the individual energy intervals in detail;thus,they cannot sup-port the refined evaluation,screening,and optimization of the irradiation schemes.After understanding the physical nature and simplifying the complexity of the production process,we propose a rapid diagnostic method for evaluating radiation schemes based on the concepts“single energy interval value(SEIV)”and“energy spectrum total value(ESTV)”.The rapid diagnostic method not only avoids tedious burnup calculations,but also provides a direction for optimization.The optimal irradiation schemes for producing ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu are determined based on a rapid diagnostic method.Optimal irradiation schemes can significantly improve production efficiency.Compared with the initial scheme,the optimal scheme improved the production efficiency of ^(238)Pu by 7.41 times;^(242)Cm,11.98 times;^(244)Cm,65.20 times;and ^(252)Cf,15.08 times.Thus,a refined analysis of transplutonium isotope production is conducted and provides a theoretical basis for improving production efficiency.展开更多
The crushing of leaves is the most time and effort-consuming part in DNA extraction which is a fundamental step in the study of molecular biology. In this study, a new rapid and batch-oriented crushing method for DNA ...The crushing of leaves is the most time and effort-consuming part in DNA extraction which is a fundamental step in the study of molecular biology. In this study, a new rapid and batch-oriented crushing method for DNA extraction from maize leaves was developed. In addition, the practicability of the developed method in molecular marker-assisted breeding was verified using SSR molecular maker technology so as to provide a rapid, batch-oriented, low-cost and non-toxic leafcrushing method for a large number of molecular marker tests, improving test efficiency.展开更多
Combined with the tire dynamics theoretical model,a rapid test method to obtain tire lateral and longitudinal both steady-state and transient characteristics only based on the tire quasi-steady-state test results is p...Combined with the tire dynamics theoretical model,a rapid test method to obtain tire lateral and longitudinal both steady-state and transient characteristics only based on the tire quasi-steady-state test results is proposed.For steady state data extraction,the test time of the rapid test method is half that of the conventional test method.For transient tire characteristics the rapid test method omits the traditional tire test totally.At the mean time the accuracy of the two method is much closed.The rapid test method is explained theoretically and the test process is designed.The key parameters of tire are extracted and the comparison is made between rapid test and traditional test method.The result show that the identification accuracy based on the rapid test method is almost equal to the accuracy of the conventional one.Then,the heat generated during the rapid test method and that generated during the conventional test are calculated separately.The comparison shows that the heat generated during the rapid test is much smaller than the heat generated during the conventional test process.This benefits to the reduction of tire wear and the consistency of test results.Finally,it can be concluded that the fast test method can efficiently,accurately and energy-efficiently measure the steady-state and transient characteristics of the tire.展开更多
Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems a...Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems are essentially required due to lack of effective vaccine against dengue virus and the progressive spread of the dengue virus infection.The recent progress in developing micro-and nano-fabrication techniques has led to low cost and scale down the biomedical point-of-care devices.Starting from the conventional and modern available methods for the diagnosis of dengue infection,this review examines several emerging rapid and point-of-care diagnostic devices that hold significant potential for the progress in smart diagnosis tools.The given review revealed that an effective vaccine is required urgently against all the dengue virus serotypes.However,the rapid detection methods of dengue virus help in early treatment and significantly reduce the dengue virus outbreak.展开更多
This study aimed to optimize the rapid test factors of dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco, in order to afford a reference test method for companies which produce reconstituted tobacco to better control the basi...This study aimed to optimize the rapid test factors of dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco, in order to afford a reference test method for companies which produce reconstituted tobacco to better control the basis weight and coating ratio on line. The dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco was tested by fast method and normal oven method individually. And the effects on the test values of different test factors such as temperature, time and the number of baking sheets were studied. Then the test values of these two methods were compared, so the proper factors of rapid test method were determined. As the baking temperature rose from 130 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the baking time rose from 1 min to 2 min, the difference between fast test method and normal oven method grew, and when the number of baking pieces rose from 3 pieces to 5 pieces, the difference between the two methods went down. The optimum test condition was baking temperature of 130 ℃, baking time of 1 min, and baking sample sheet number of 5. Under this condition, the value of fast test method was the closest to the test value of normal oven method, and meanwhile, the test factor was more proper for testing on line. The study will provide a reference for online controlling of dry basis weight and coating ratio of reconstituted tobacco.展开更多
Background: Myeloperoxidase staining is used to differentiate leukemias since several decades. Despite implementation of flow cytometric, cytogenetic and molecular techniques for identification of leukemic blasts, his...Background: Myeloperoxidase staining is used to differentiate leukemias since several decades. Despite implementation of flow cytometric, cytogenetic and molecular techniques for identification of leukemic blasts, histochemical stains such as myeloperoxidase stain are persistently used for better classification of leukemias. The myeloperoxidase staining is a time consuming and hazardous procedure. The present report describes a sensitive, rapid and easy method for assessment of peroxidase activity. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow aspiration slides were stained with Dako product: Code number: K3467 containing DAB chromogen (3,3-diaminobenzidine in chromogen solution) and substrate buffer (Imidasole-HCL buffer, PH 7.5 containing hydrogen peroxide and an anti microbial agent) in a rapid procedure taking only ten minutes time. The staining needs no material preparation steps. Neutrophils in the slide are taken as positive control or another normal smear was costained to be used as control. All cases were followed up with flow cytometry and cytogenetic studies. Result: The reaction product of this stain is brown and granular. Promyelocytes and myelocytes are the most strongly staining cells with positive (primary) granules. Lymphoblasts are negative. The result of classification of leukemias with this technique was in concordance with flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Discussion: Many practical techniques have been described using benzidine as an indicator for myeloperoxidase staining. Benzidine is a carcinogenic material and its usage is severely restricted in laboratory. Formerly we prepared requisite materials for myeloperoxidase staining by hazardous ways (boiling), but we decided to apply ready to use 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB), which is used in final step of immunohistochemistry stains. Conclusion: Use of 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) is highly recommended for myeloperoxidase staining, while the result is extraordinary and fully compatible with flow cytometry and the method is safe and rapid.展开更多
Rice bacterial leaf brown spot disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae(Pss)is a major disease on rice.In recent years,Pss has emerged worldwide,seriously affecting rice production.It is very important to es...Rice bacterial leaf brown spot disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae(Pss)is a major disease on rice.In recent years,Pss has emerged worldwide,seriously affecting rice production.It is very important to establish a rapid detection method of Pss for the diagnosis and prevention of this disease.In order to robust and accurately diagnose the rice bacterial leaf brown spot disease in the field and laboratory,an assay system for the Pss was developed in this study,and the specific sequence of hrcN was used as the target,based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).The best detection system was MgSO 48 mmol·L^(-1),Bst DNA polymerase 8 U,dNTP 1.4 mmol·L^(-1),the ratio of internal and outer primers was 2:1,the reaction temperature was 63℃,the reaction time was 45 min,and the lowest sensitivity was 104 CFU·mL^(-1).This results provided an accurate and robust method for laboratory and field diagnosis of bacterial leaf brown spot disease of rice.展开更多
[Objectives ] The paper was to explore enzyme inhibition rate method for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in cowpea. [ Methods ] Acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） was added to cowpea extract, t...[Objectives ] The paper was to explore enzyme inhibition rate method for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in cowpea. [ Methods ] Acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） was added to cowpea extract, to determine the inhibition rate of extract against enzyme. The influences of different sampiing methods and sampling parts on detection results were compared. [ Results] The positive rate of standard sampling was 18.18% higher than that of non-stand- ard sampling, and the positive rate of samples collected from cowpea tail was 16.67% higher than that collected from other parts. [ Condmions] Enzyme inhibi- tion rate method is suitable for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in cowpea.展开更多
In view of the limited space of offshore platform and the large amount of polymer injection, the dissolution time method, solution viscosity method, conductivity method, undissolved filtration method and falling ball ...In view of the limited space of offshore platform and the large amount of polymer injection, the dissolution time method, solution viscosity method, conductivity method, undissolved filtration method and falling ball method are used as the rapid detection methods of polymer dissolution. The results show that the error of conductivity method is the largest, and that of dissolution time method is the second, and both methods are time-consuming. Solution viscosity method and insolubles filtration method have small error, but they are time-consuming, especially for offshore platforms, which makes detection inconvenient. The drop ball method is simple in operation and has a small error, so it is a promising method for rapid determination of polymer dissolution time.展开更多
基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan period of China (2006BAD10B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (39870433,30270769)
文摘The study discussed the rapid method to test and predict the longevity of controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） coated by water soluble resin by using the short-term leaching under higher temperature. Pure water dissolving incubation and higher temperature leaching were used to study the patterns of the nutrient release of the CRFs. The correlation analysis between the days at 25℃ and the hours at 80℃ of Trincote 1 and Trincote 2 for the same cumulative release rates were conducted. Patterns of cumulative nutrient release curve followed one factor quadratic regression equation at each given temperatures, and each of relative coefficient was bigger than 0.995. As the temperature increased, nutrients release of the CRFs increased. The longevity of resin coated CRFs were predicted by use of both the cumulative nutrients release equation at 80℃ and the regression equation of release time needed for the same cumulative release rates between 25 and 80℃. There were only 0.3-6.9% relative errors between the tested longevity and predicted one. In conclusion, the longevity of resin coated CRFs could be predicted more quickly and precisely by use of the higher temperature short-term leaching method than that of the traditional differential release rate. The longevity of resin coated CRF could be rapidly and precisely predicted in a few hours by application of the higher temperature shortterm leaching method.
文摘Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a legume crop that is grown in the worldwide, provides beneficial proteins for human consumption and animal feeding. In comparison, Rapid N analyzer as traditional method, has been widely used to measure protein content through the percentage of total nitrogen in the seed’s grounded powder. Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) has commonly been used to measure protein content in soybean seeds using whole grain without the need of seed grinding, which makes it possible to obtain fast results at a lower cost-per-analysis than the traditional combustion method. The specific objective of this study is to test a rapid method for measuring cowpea seed protein content by the NIR analyzer comparing to the traditional rapid N analyzer. A total of 240 cowpea genotypes were used in this study, including six seed coat colors, black, blackeye, browneye, cream, pinkeye, and red with 40 cowpea genotypes. The results showed that a linear relationship exists between the NIR analyzer and the Rapid N analyzer in the six different color groups. The correlation efficiency (r) between the seed protein contents from NIR and Rapid N was higher for pinkeye seed (r = 0.867), blackeye (0.771), cream (0.729), browneye (0.700), and red (0.623), respectively, but lower for black seeds, indicating that the NIR analyzer can be used to measure protein content for cowpea seeds with the five types of seed coat except black. Overview, the cowpea seed protein content measured from the NIR analyzer showed a little higher seed protein content. A series of regression models with different seed coat color have been built to adjust to protein content of colorful cowpea seeds from the NIR analyzer. But, it is not recommended to use for black color seeds due to a very low correlation efficiency (r) value with 0.184.
基金sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (NO.22ZR1431900)Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory.
文摘Transplutonium isotopes are scarce and need to be produced by irradiation in high flux reactors.However,their production is inefficient,and optimization studies are necessary.This study analyzes the physical nature of transplutonium isotope produc-tion using ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu as examples.Traditional methods based on the Monte Carlo burnup calculation have the limitations of many calculations and cannot analyze the individual energy intervals in detail;thus,they cannot sup-port the refined evaluation,screening,and optimization of the irradiation schemes.After understanding the physical nature and simplifying the complexity of the production process,we propose a rapid diagnostic method for evaluating radiation schemes based on the concepts“single energy interval value(SEIV)”and“energy spectrum total value(ESTV)”.The rapid diagnostic method not only avoids tedious burnup calculations,but also provides a direction for optimization.The optimal irradiation schemes for producing ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu are determined based on a rapid diagnostic method.Optimal irradiation schemes can significantly improve production efficiency.Compared with the initial scheme,the optimal scheme improved the production efficiency of ^(238)Pu by 7.41 times;^(242)Cm,11.98 times;^(244)Cm,65.20 times;and ^(252)Cf,15.08 times.Thus,a refined analysis of transplutonium isotope production is conducted and provides a theoretical basis for improving production efficiency.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201303008)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province(2012B020301006)Key Breeding Project for Special Maize of Department of Agriculture of Guangdong Province(B3071328)~~
文摘The crushing of leaves is the most time and effort-consuming part in DNA extraction which is a fundamental step in the study of molecular biology. In this study, a new rapid and batch-oriented crushing method for DNA extraction from maize leaves was developed. In addition, the practicability of the developed method in molecular marker-assisted breeding was verified using SSR molecular maker technology so as to provide a rapid, batch-oriented, low-cost and non-toxic leafcrushing method for a large number of molecular marker tests, improving test efficiency.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51775224).
文摘Combined with the tire dynamics theoretical model,a rapid test method to obtain tire lateral and longitudinal both steady-state and transient characteristics only based on the tire quasi-steady-state test results is proposed.For steady state data extraction,the test time of the rapid test method is half that of the conventional test method.For transient tire characteristics the rapid test method omits the traditional tire test totally.At the mean time the accuracy of the two method is much closed.The rapid test method is explained theoretically and the test process is designed.The key parameters of tire are extracted and the comparison is made between rapid test and traditional test method.The result show that the identification accuracy based on the rapid test method is almost equal to the accuracy of the conventional one.Then,the heat generated during the rapid test method and that generated during the conventional test are calculated separately.The comparison shows that the heat generated during the rapid test is much smaller than the heat generated during the conventional test process.This benefits to the reduction of tire wear and the consistency of test results.Finally,it can be concluded that the fast test method can efficiently,accurately and energy-efficiently measure the steady-state and transient characteristics of the tire.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Shenzhen International cooperation projects under Grant Nos.(GJHZ20190819151403615)the Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(61801307).
文摘Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems are essentially required due to lack of effective vaccine against dengue virus and the progressive spread of the dengue virus infection.The recent progress in developing micro-and nano-fabrication techniques has led to low cost and scale down the biomedical point-of-care devices.Starting from the conventional and modern available methods for the diagnosis of dengue infection,this review examines several emerging rapid and point-of-care diagnostic devices that hold significant potential for the progress in smart diagnosis tools.The given review revealed that an effective vaccine is required urgently against all the dengue virus serotypes.However,the rapid detection methods of dengue virus help in early treatment and significantly reduce the dengue virus outbreak.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of China Tobacco Schweitzer(Yunnan)Reconstituted Tobacco Co.,Ltd.(KY-17-ZL-01)China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.(2016YL02)
文摘This study aimed to optimize the rapid test factors of dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco, in order to afford a reference test method for companies which produce reconstituted tobacco to better control the basis weight and coating ratio on line. The dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco was tested by fast method and normal oven method individually. And the effects on the test values of different test factors such as temperature, time and the number of baking sheets were studied. Then the test values of these two methods were compared, so the proper factors of rapid test method were determined. As the baking temperature rose from 130 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the baking time rose from 1 min to 2 min, the difference between fast test method and normal oven method grew, and when the number of baking pieces rose from 3 pieces to 5 pieces, the difference between the two methods went down. The optimum test condition was baking temperature of 130 ℃, baking time of 1 min, and baking sample sheet number of 5. Under this condition, the value of fast test method was the closest to the test value of normal oven method, and meanwhile, the test factor was more proper for testing on line. The study will provide a reference for online controlling of dry basis weight and coating ratio of reconstituted tobacco.
文摘Background: Myeloperoxidase staining is used to differentiate leukemias since several decades. Despite implementation of flow cytometric, cytogenetic and molecular techniques for identification of leukemic blasts, histochemical stains such as myeloperoxidase stain are persistently used for better classification of leukemias. The myeloperoxidase staining is a time consuming and hazardous procedure. The present report describes a sensitive, rapid and easy method for assessment of peroxidase activity. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow aspiration slides were stained with Dako product: Code number: K3467 containing DAB chromogen (3,3-diaminobenzidine in chromogen solution) and substrate buffer (Imidasole-HCL buffer, PH 7.5 containing hydrogen peroxide and an anti microbial agent) in a rapid procedure taking only ten minutes time. The staining needs no material preparation steps. Neutrophils in the slide are taken as positive control or another normal smear was costained to be used as control. All cases were followed up with flow cytometry and cytogenetic studies. Result: The reaction product of this stain is brown and granular. Promyelocytes and myelocytes are the most strongly staining cells with positive (primary) granules. Lymphoblasts are negative. The result of classification of leukemias with this technique was in concordance with flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Discussion: Many practical techniques have been described using benzidine as an indicator for myeloperoxidase staining. Benzidine is a carcinogenic material and its usage is severely restricted in laboratory. Formerly we prepared requisite materials for myeloperoxidase staining by hazardous ways (boiling), but we decided to apply ready to use 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB), which is used in final step of immunohistochemistry stains. Conclusion: Use of 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) is highly recommended for myeloperoxidase staining, while the result is extraordinary and fully compatible with flow cytometry and the method is safe and rapid.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Topic C2017032)Heilongjiang Province Applied Technology Research and Development Program(Topic GA19B104)the National Key Research and Development Program(Topic 2018YFD0300105)。
文摘Rice bacterial leaf brown spot disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae(Pss)is a major disease on rice.In recent years,Pss has emerged worldwide,seriously affecting rice production.It is very important to establish a rapid detection method of Pss for the diagnosis and prevention of this disease.In order to robust and accurately diagnose the rice bacterial leaf brown spot disease in the field and laboratory,an assay system for the Pss was developed in this study,and the specific sequence of hrcN was used as the target,based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).The best detection system was MgSO 48 mmol·L^(-1),Bst DNA polymerase 8 U,dNTP 1.4 mmol·L^(-1),the ratio of internal and outer primers was 2:1,the reaction temperature was 63℃,the reaction time was 45 min,and the lowest sensitivity was 104 CFU·mL^(-1).This results provided an accurate and robust method for laboratory and field diagnosis of bacterial leaf brown spot disease of rice.
文摘[Objectives ] The paper was to explore enzyme inhibition rate method for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in cowpea. [ Methods ] Acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） was added to cowpea extract, to determine the inhibition rate of extract against enzyme. The influences of different sampiing methods and sampling parts on detection results were compared. [ Results] The positive rate of standard sampling was 18.18% higher than that of non-stand- ard sampling, and the positive rate of samples collected from cowpea tail was 16.67% higher than that collected from other parts. [ Condmions] Enzyme inhibi- tion rate method is suitable for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in cowpea.
文摘In view of the limited space of offshore platform and the large amount of polymer injection, the dissolution time method, solution viscosity method, conductivity method, undissolved filtration method and falling ball method are used as the rapid detection methods of polymer dissolution. The results show that the error of conductivity method is the largest, and that of dissolution time method is the second, and both methods are time-consuming. Solution viscosity method and insolubles filtration method have small error, but they are time-consuming, especially for offshore platforms, which makes detection inconvenient. The drop ball method is simple in operation and has a small error, so it is a promising method for rapid determination of polymer dissolution time.
