The Malleus Maleficarum(1486)by Henry Institoris and Jacques Sprenger was written in order to help inquisitors identify,persecute,and prosecute witches.The book is well-known but not studied as much as one could think...The Malleus Maleficarum(1486)by Henry Institoris and Jacques Sprenger was written in order to help inquisitors identify,persecute,and prosecute witches.The book is well-known but not studied as much as one could think,and is sometimes confused with another treatise written in 1669,which includes works by demonologists,such as Jean Nider,Bernard Basin,and Bartolomeo de Spina.This can be explained by the fact that several successive editions were published,which changed the essence of the first essay,until the 17th century.My argument is that the first edition was paradoxical and not as strict as one could imagine.The book was a“bible”for the inquisition about the subjugation of witches,but in the same way,the book seemed to be far too rationalistic when confronted with satanism and superstition.Indeed,we believe that the thesis of the Malleus Maleficarum was also a new way of conceiving of knowledge,fighting against superstition by using the tools of early rationalism at the end of the 15th century.The witches’knowledge that is investigated in the book is confronted with theology,as well as with reason.There is significant evidence of the writers’rationalistic view about occultism and belief.展开更多
The sustainability of environmental management initiatives,such as watershed management programs,relies on the presence of effective institutions at the watershed level.However,there needs to be more empirical evidenc...The sustainability of environmental management initiatives,such as watershed management programs,relies on the presence of effective institutions at the watershed level.However,there needs to be more empirical evidence from evaluating the effectiveness of watershed-level institutions.Therefore,this study presents a pioneering effort to evaluate the effectiveness of Nepal’s first watershed conservation committee at the watershed scale,focusing on the case of the Khageri Khola watershed in Central Nepal.The study involved conducting a household survey,key informant interviews,focus group discussions,and field observations to collect and analyze the data.Descriptive analysis,index value calculation,and chi-square statistics were then employed to summarize the results regarding local respondents’perceptions of twelve institutional characteristics,their rationalities,and their association with socio-demographic variables.The results reveal that the watershed conservation committee was perceived as performing well in managing the watershed.Specifically,good interaction,appropriate scale,technical,environmental,social,organizational,and government rationality were perceived as highly effective,with an average index value of less than 0.36.In contrast,clarity of objectives and economic rationality showed moderate effectiveness,with an average index value ranging from 0.36 to 0.65.However,the results suggested that adaptiveness,compliance capacity,and financial rationality merit increased attention,intending to improve their performance.Further,the results showed the association of socio-demographics with respondents’perceptions of various indicators of institutional characteristics and their rationalities.Therefore,the study provides valuable insights for policymakers,researchers,and development practitioners charged with designing sustainable and effective programs and institutions.To enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of watershed management programs,we recommend establishing a policy-guided institutional mechanism at the watershed scale.This mechanism should be based on various institutional characteristics and rationalities and should consider the extant variability in the socio-demographic and topographic characteristics of the watershed.展开更多
Psychoactive substance use is characterized by the habitual use of substances that have significant effects in altering the activities of neurotransmitters in certain regions of the brain.Consequently,these alteration...Psychoactive substance use is characterized by the habitual use of substances that have significant effects in altering the activities of neurotransmitters in certain regions of the brain.Consequently,these alterations manifest as cognitive,emotional,perceptual and behavioural changes in affected individuals[1].展开更多
Microwave reflectometry is a powerful diagnostic that can measure the density profile and localized turbulence with high spatial and temporal resolution and will be used in ITER,so understanding the influence of plasm...Microwave reflectometry is a powerful diagnostic that can measure the density profile and localized turbulence with high spatial and temporal resolution and will be used in ITER,so understanding the influence of plasma perturbations on the reflect signal is important.The characteristics of the reflect signal from profile reflectometry,the time-of-flight(TOF)signal associated with the MHD instabilities,are investigated in EAST.Using a 1D full-wave simulation code by the Finite-DifferenceTime-Domain(FDTD)method,it is well validated that the local density flattening could induce the discontinuity of the simulated TOF signal and an obvious change of reflect amplitude.Experimental TOF signals under different types of MHD instabilities(sawtooth,sawtooth precursors and tearing mode)are studied in detail and show agreement with the simulation.Two new improved algorithms for detecting and localizing the radial positions of the low-order rational surface,the cross-correlation and gradient threshold(CGT)method and the 2D convolutional neural network approach(CNN)are presented for the first time.It is concluded that TOF signal analysis from profile reflectometry can provide a straightforward and localized measurement of the plasma perturbation from the edge to the core simultaneously and may be a complement or correction to the q-profile control,which will be beneficial for the advanced tokamak operation.展开更多
Wheat is one of the most important cereals in the world, serving as a staple for millions globally. In the wake of the geopolitical crisis between Russia and Ukraine, it has become incumbent for many countries to inve...Wheat is one of the most important cereals in the world, serving as a staple for millions globally. In the wake of the geopolitical crisis between Russia and Ukraine, it has become incumbent for many countries to invest in wheat production. Improving cropping systems for wheat production is paramount. Intercropping cereals with legumes has tremendous advantages. Therefore, this study was designed to optimize wheat production by intercropping it with soybean at different densities. Between March and August 2023, a randomized complete block design trial was conducted in Bambili, North West of Cameroon with treatments T1 (wheat monocrop at 200,000 plants ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), T2 (soybean monocrop at 250,000 plants ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), T3 (200,000 wheat and 125,000 soybean ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), T4 (100,000 wheat and 250,000 soybean ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), T5 (200,000 wheat and 250,000 soybean ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>) and T6 (100,000 wheat and 125,000 soybean ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>). Results revealed that growth parameters of wheat were not significantly influenced by monocrop or intercrop. The yield of wheat was significantly higher in the monocrop than the intercrop treatments, with slight variation amongst the intercrop treatments. Soybean yield was higher in the monocrop than in the intercrop, with no variations amongst the intercrop treatments. Only the land equivalence ratio (LER) for T5 was greater than 1.0. The competitive ratio for T5 was 0.54 for wheat and 1.90 for soybean, comparatively lower than the other monocrop treatments. Intercropping wheat and soybean at 200,000:250,000 ratio is recommended.展开更多
Declaration of Competing Interest statements were incorrectly included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Materials Reports:Energy.The appropriate Declaration of Com...Declaration of Competing Interest statements were incorrectly included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Materials Reports:Energy.The appropriate Declaration of Competing Interest statements,provided by the authors,are included below.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish a new management model for rational use of perioperative antibacterial drugs in surgical departments.[Methods]Based on evidence-based medicine,the department s drug pathway was formulated,and ...[Objectives]To establish a new management model for rational use of perioperative antibacterial drugs in surgical departments.[Methods]Based on evidence-based medicine,the department s drug pathway was formulated,and the new mode of rational drug use control was established by using fine pharmaceutical technology intervention,and the intervention effect was evaluated by the intensity of antibacterial drug use,per capita drug costs and the proportion of drugs.[Results]After adopting drug pathway in departments,the intensity of antibacterial drug use,per capita drug costs and the proportion of drugs decreased significantly,and the effect of rational drug use control was remarkable.[Conclusions]The drug pathway provides a new management and control mode for the rational use of perioperative antibacterial drugs in surgical departments of hospitals.Thus,it is worthy of popularization and application.展开更多
This paper considers the rational expectations model with multiplicative noise and input delay,where the system dynamics rely on the conditional expectations of future states.The main contribution is to obtain a suffi...This paper considers the rational expectations model with multiplicative noise and input delay,where the system dynamics rely on the conditional expectations of future states.The main contribution is to obtain a sufficient condition for the exact controllability of the rational expectations model.In particular,we derive a sufficient Gramian matrix condition and a rank condition for the delay-free case.The key is the solvability of the backward stochastic difference equations with input delay which is derived from the forward and backward stochastic system.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of community pharmacy services on rational medication use in elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes.Methods:Between November 2022 and December 2023,80 elderly patients with hyp...Objective:To explore the effect of community pharmacy services on rational medication use in elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes.Methods:Between November 2022 and December 2023,80 elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes were selected and randomly divided into a control group(routine medication guidance)and an observation group(community pharmacy services),with 40 subjects each.The medication effect scores,blood pressure,blood sugar levels,and quality of life scores before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:Comparison of pharmaceutical knowledge,medication compliance,and safe medication behavior scores showed that the observation group had higher scores as compared to the control group(P<0.05);blood pressure(systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate)and blood sugar(fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin)index levels were compared,and the observation group’s index levels were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the scores of physical health,mental health,social relationships,and environment in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Community pharmacy services improved the rational medication effect of elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes,and improved their blood pressure,blood sugar control levels,and quality of life.展开更多
A naïve discussion of Fermat’s last theorem conundrum is described. The present theorem’s proof is grounded on the well-known properties of sums of powers of the sine and cosine functions, the Minkowski norm de...A naïve discussion of Fermat’s last theorem conundrum is described. The present theorem’s proof is grounded on the well-known properties of sums of powers of the sine and cosine functions, the Minkowski norm definition, and some vector-specific structures.展开更多
The aim of the following essay is to find a semantic core pattern, characterizing its ontology or metaphysics, in the form of thinking that emerged in the work of Descartes, spread and was modified through Spinoza and...The aim of the following essay is to find a semantic core pattern, characterizing its ontology or metaphysics, in the form of thinking that emerged in the work of Descartes, spread and was modified through Spinoza and Leibniz, and became the panorama of science-oriented philosophies constituting the implicit or explicit underpinnings of contemporary thinking, research, and debate, especially in relation to the study of meaning and mind.展开更多
According to Claude Bernard,each of the sciences investigates different natural phenomena using experimental methods unique to that science,especially experimental medicine.However,Bernard also argued that these scien...According to Claude Bernard,each of the sciences investigates different natural phenomena using experimental methods unique to that science,especially experimental medicine.However,Bernard also argued that these sciences share a“common”experimental method that depends on both the“head”and the“hand”.What he accomplished with his common method is to combine both rationalism and empiricism-head and hand,respectively-to undergird the unity of the experimental sciences while maintaining their plurality.Bernard’s experimental method as articulated in terms of the rational head and the empirical hand metaphor is relevant today to the unity of science vs.pluralism debate,as well as to the rationalism vs.empiricism debate and to the hypothesis-driven vs.data-driven science debate-each of which is explored in turn after briefly reconstructing Bernard’s philosophy of experimental medicine.And his metaphor of head and hand provides a means for examining the natural and biomedical sciences as they evolve with regard to specialization.展开更多
Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelli...Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelligent manufacturing of polymeric materials.However,the development of PMGE is still in its infancy,and many issues remain to be addressed.In this perspective,we elaborate on the PMGE concepts,summarize the state-of-the-art research and achievements,and highlight the challenges and prospects in this field.In particular,we focus on property estimation approaches,including property proxy prediction and machine learning prediction of polymer properties.The potential engineering applications of PMGE are discussed,including the fields of advanced composites,polymeric materials for communications,and integrated circuits.展开更多
Sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)is an excellent model for investigating effects of bottom-dwellers on carbon mig-ration and transformation.However,the molecular mechanism of respiratory metabolism process variatio...Sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)is an excellent model for investigating effects of bottom-dwellers on carbon mig-ration and transformation.However,the molecular mechanism of respiratory metabolism process variation caused by feeding rations is poorly understood.In this study,treatment groups set as 1%(about 0.63g),3%,and 7%of total body weight(named F1,F3 and F7 groups respectively).The potential molecular mechanisms behind the functions of respiratory tree and body wall were investigated by RNA-Seq.A total of 52411 expressed genes were identified from 89342 expressed transcripts.The results showed 759,254 and 334 genes were up-regulated,and 334,445 and 992 genes were down-regulated in respiratory tree of F1 vs.F3,F1 vs.F7 and F3 vs.F7,respectively.Meanwhile,2070,1601 and 896 genes were up-regulated,and 1303,1337 and 1144 genes were down-regulated in body wall between F1 vs.F3,F1 vs.F7 and F3 vs.F7,respectively.Differentially expressed genes were enriched in salivary secretion and ECM-receptor interaction pathways in respiratory tree,and in various types of N-glycan biosynthesis,ribosome and sphingolipid metabolism pathways in body wall.These results suggested respiratory tree and body wall were involved in activation of respiratory metabolisms in response to different feeding rations.Our research provided valuable knowledge for physiological differences in res-piratory metabolism.展开更多
Grain size, determined by grain length, grain width and grain thickness, is associated with grain yield and quality. Many genes controlling grain size were cloned and their related regulatory mechanisms were clearly c...Grain size, determined by grain length, grain width and grain thickness, is associated with grain yield and quality. Many genes controlling grain size were cloned and their related regulatory mechanisms were clearly clarified. However, whether these genes can be directly introduced into japonica rice for grain size improvement is unknown.展开更多
Quantum teleportation scheme is undoubtedly an inspiring theoretical discovery as an amazing application of quantum physics,which was experimentally realized several years later.For the purpose of quantum communicatio...Quantum teleportation scheme is undoubtedly an inspiring theoretical discovery as an amazing application of quantum physics,which was experimentally realized several years later.For the purpose of quantum communication via this scheme,an entangled ancillary pair shared by Alice and Bob is the essential ingredient,and a quantum memory in Bob’s system is necessary for him to keep the quantum state until the classical message from Alice arrives.Yet,the quantum memory remains a challenge in both technology and rationale.Here we show that quantum teleportation provides fresh perspectives in terms of an alternative scheme for global positioning system.Referring to fixed locations of Bob and Charlie,Alice can determine her relative position by comparing quantum states before and after teleporting around via Bob and Charlie successively.This may open up a new scene in the stage of the application of quantum physics without quantum memories.展开更多
The aging population is an important issue around the world especially in developed countries.Although med-ical advances have substantially extended life span,the same cannot be said for the duration of health span.We...The aging population is an important issue around the world especially in developed countries.Although med-ical advances have substantially extended life span,the same cannot be said for the duration of health span.We are seeing in-creasing numbers of elderly people who are frail and/or have multiple chronic conditions;all of these can affect the quality of life of the elderly population as well as increase the burden on the healthcare system.Aging is mechanistically related to common medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus,ischemic heart disease,cognitive decline,and frailty.A recently accepted concept termed‘Accelerated Biological Aging’can be diagnosed when a person’s biological age—as measured by biomarkers of DNA methylation—is older than their corresponding chronological age.Taurine,a conditionally essential amino acid,has received much attention in the past few years.A substantial number of animal studies have provided a strong scientific foundation sug-gesting that this amino acid can improve cellular and metabolic health,including blood glucose control,so much that it has been labelled one of the‘longevity amino acids’.In this review article,we propose the rationale that an adequately powered random-ized-controlled-trial(RCT)is needed to confirm whether taurine can meaningfully improve metabolic and microbiome health,and biological age.This trial should incorporate certain elements in order to provide the much-needed evidence to guide doctors,and also the community at large,to determine whether this promising and inexpensive amino acid is useful in improving human metabolic health.展开更多
Under the Flaschka-Newell Lax pair,the Darboux transformation for the Painlevé-Ⅱequation is constructed by the limiting technique.With the aid of the Darboux transformation,the rational solutions are represented...Under the Flaschka-Newell Lax pair,the Darboux transformation for the Painlevé-Ⅱequation is constructed by the limiting technique.With the aid of the Darboux transformation,the rational solutions are represented by the Gram determinant,and then we give the large y asymptotics of the determinant and the rational solutions.Finally,the solution of the corresponding Riemann-Hilbert problem is obtained from the Darboux matrices.展开更多
Under consideration in this study is the discrete coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries(mKdV)equation with 4×4 Lax pair.Firstly,through using continuous limit technique,this discrete equation can be mapped to the co...Under consideration in this study is the discrete coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries(mKdV)equation with 4×4 Lax pair.Firstly,through using continuous limit technique,this discrete equation can be mapped to the coupled KdV and mKdV equations,which may depict the development of shallow water waves,the optical soliton propagation in cubic nonlinear media and the Alfven wave in a cold collision-free plasma.Secondly,the discrete generalized(r,N-r)-fold Darboux transformation is constructed and extended to solve this discrete coupled equation with the fourth-order linear spectral problem,from which diverse exact solutions including usual multi-soliton and semi-rational soliton solutions on the vanishing background,higher-order rational soliton and mixed hyperbolic-rational soliton solutions on the non-vanishing background are derived,and the limit states of some soliton and rational soliton solutions are analyzed by the asymptotic analysis technique.Finally,the numerical simulations are used to explore the dynamical behaviors of some exact soliton solutions.These results may be helpful for understanding some physical phenomena in fields of shallow water wave,optics,and plasma physics.展开更多
文摘The Malleus Maleficarum(1486)by Henry Institoris and Jacques Sprenger was written in order to help inquisitors identify,persecute,and prosecute witches.The book is well-known but not studied as much as one could think,and is sometimes confused with another treatise written in 1669,which includes works by demonologists,such as Jean Nider,Bernard Basin,and Bartolomeo de Spina.This can be explained by the fact that several successive editions were published,which changed the essence of the first essay,until the 17th century.My argument is that the first edition was paradoxical and not as strict as one could imagine.The book was a“bible”for the inquisition about the subjugation of witches,but in the same way,the book seemed to be far too rationalistic when confronted with satanism and superstition.Indeed,we believe that the thesis of the Malleus Maleficarum was also a new way of conceiving of knowledge,fighting against superstition by using the tools of early rationalism at the end of the 15th century.The witches’knowledge that is investigated in the book is confronted with theology,as well as with reason.There is significant evidence of the writers’rationalistic view about occultism and belief.
文摘The sustainability of environmental management initiatives,such as watershed management programs,relies on the presence of effective institutions at the watershed level.However,there needs to be more empirical evidence from evaluating the effectiveness of watershed-level institutions.Therefore,this study presents a pioneering effort to evaluate the effectiveness of Nepal’s first watershed conservation committee at the watershed scale,focusing on the case of the Khageri Khola watershed in Central Nepal.The study involved conducting a household survey,key informant interviews,focus group discussions,and field observations to collect and analyze the data.Descriptive analysis,index value calculation,and chi-square statistics were then employed to summarize the results regarding local respondents’perceptions of twelve institutional characteristics,their rationalities,and their association with socio-demographic variables.The results reveal that the watershed conservation committee was perceived as performing well in managing the watershed.Specifically,good interaction,appropriate scale,technical,environmental,social,organizational,and government rationality were perceived as highly effective,with an average index value of less than 0.36.In contrast,clarity of objectives and economic rationality showed moderate effectiveness,with an average index value ranging from 0.36 to 0.65.However,the results suggested that adaptiveness,compliance capacity,and financial rationality merit increased attention,intending to improve their performance.Further,the results showed the association of socio-demographics with respondents’perceptions of various indicators of institutional characteristics and their rationalities.Therefore,the study provides valuable insights for policymakers,researchers,and development practitioners charged with designing sustainable and effective programs and institutions.To enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of watershed management programs,we recommend establishing a policy-guided institutional mechanism at the watershed scale.This mechanism should be based on various institutional characteristics and rationalities and should consider the extant variability in the socio-demographic and topographic characteristics of the watershed.
文摘Psychoactive substance use is characterized by the habitual use of substances that have significant effects in altering the activities of neurotransmitters in certain regions of the brain.Consequently,these alterations manifest as cognitive,emotional,perceptual and behavioural changes in affected individuals[1].
基金supported by the Open Fund of Magnetic Confinement Laboratory of Anhui Province(No.2023 AMF03005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M703256)+4 种基金the Director Funding of Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YZJJ2022QN16)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFE03050003,2019YFE03080200,2019Y FE03040002,and 2022YFE03070004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075284,12175277,12275315 and 12275311)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2022YFE03040001)the Science Foundation of the Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.DSJJ-2021-08)。
文摘Microwave reflectometry is a powerful diagnostic that can measure the density profile and localized turbulence with high spatial and temporal resolution and will be used in ITER,so understanding the influence of plasma perturbations on the reflect signal is important.The characteristics of the reflect signal from profile reflectometry,the time-of-flight(TOF)signal associated with the MHD instabilities,are investigated in EAST.Using a 1D full-wave simulation code by the Finite-DifferenceTime-Domain(FDTD)method,it is well validated that the local density flattening could induce the discontinuity of the simulated TOF signal and an obvious change of reflect amplitude.Experimental TOF signals under different types of MHD instabilities(sawtooth,sawtooth precursors and tearing mode)are studied in detail and show agreement with the simulation.Two new improved algorithms for detecting and localizing the radial positions of the low-order rational surface,the cross-correlation and gradient threshold(CGT)method and the 2D convolutional neural network approach(CNN)are presented for the first time.It is concluded that TOF signal analysis from profile reflectometry can provide a straightforward and localized measurement of the plasma perturbation from the edge to the core simultaneously and may be a complement or correction to the q-profile control,which will be beneficial for the advanced tokamak operation.
文摘Wheat is one of the most important cereals in the world, serving as a staple for millions globally. In the wake of the geopolitical crisis between Russia and Ukraine, it has become incumbent for many countries to invest in wheat production. Improving cropping systems for wheat production is paramount. Intercropping cereals with legumes has tremendous advantages. Therefore, this study was designed to optimize wheat production by intercropping it with soybean at different densities. Between March and August 2023, a randomized complete block design trial was conducted in Bambili, North West of Cameroon with treatments T1 (wheat monocrop at 200,000 plants ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), T2 (soybean monocrop at 250,000 plants ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), T3 (200,000 wheat and 125,000 soybean ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), T4 (100,000 wheat and 250,000 soybean ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), T5 (200,000 wheat and 250,000 soybean ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>) and T6 (100,000 wheat and 125,000 soybean ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>). Results revealed that growth parameters of wheat were not significantly influenced by monocrop or intercrop. The yield of wheat was significantly higher in the monocrop than the intercrop treatments, with slight variation amongst the intercrop treatments. Soybean yield was higher in the monocrop than in the intercrop, with no variations amongst the intercrop treatments. Only the land equivalence ratio (LER) for T5 was greater than 1.0. The competitive ratio for T5 was 0.54 for wheat and 1.90 for soybean, comparatively lower than the other monocrop treatments. Intercropping wheat and soybean at 200,000:250,000 ratio is recommended.
文摘Declaration of Competing Interest statements were incorrectly included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Materials Reports:Energy.The appropriate Declaration of Competing Interest statements,provided by the authors,are included below.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Plan for Medical Workers in Shandong Province(SDYWZGKCJH2023095)Clinical Pharmacy Research Project of Shandong Provincial Medical Association(YXH2022ZX010)+1 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province(2019-0400&2021Q097)Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Program of Qingdao City(2020-zyy031)Medical Research Guidance Plan of Qingdao City(2020-WJZD087).
文摘[Objectives]To establish a new management model for rational use of perioperative antibacterial drugs in surgical departments.[Methods]Based on evidence-based medicine,the department s drug pathway was formulated,and the new mode of rational drug use control was established by using fine pharmaceutical technology intervention,and the intervention effect was evaluated by the intensity of antibacterial drug use,per capita drug costs and the proportion of drugs.[Results]After adopting drug pathway in departments,the intensity of antibacterial drug use,per capita drug costs and the proportion of drugs decreased significantly,and the effect of rational drug use control was remarkable.[Conclusions]The drug pathway provides a new management and control mode for the rational use of perioperative antibacterial drugs in surgical departments of hospitals.Thus,it is worthy of popularization and application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61821004,62250056,62350710214,U23A20325,62350055the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2021ZD14,ZR2021JQ24)+2 种基金High-level Talent Team Project of Qingdao West Coast New Area,China(RCTD-JC-2019-05)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(2020CXGC01208)Science and Technology Project of Qingdao West Coast New Area,China(2019-32,2020-20,2020-1-4).
文摘This paper considers the rational expectations model with multiplicative noise and input delay,where the system dynamics rely on the conditional expectations of future states.The main contribution is to obtain a sufficient condition for the exact controllability of the rational expectations model.In particular,we derive a sufficient Gramian matrix condition and a rank condition for the delay-free case.The key is the solvability of the backward stochastic difference equations with input delay which is derived from the forward and backward stochastic system.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of community pharmacy services on rational medication use in elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes.Methods:Between November 2022 and December 2023,80 elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes were selected and randomly divided into a control group(routine medication guidance)and an observation group(community pharmacy services),with 40 subjects each.The medication effect scores,blood pressure,blood sugar levels,and quality of life scores before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:Comparison of pharmaceutical knowledge,medication compliance,and safe medication behavior scores showed that the observation group had higher scores as compared to the control group(P<0.05);blood pressure(systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate)and blood sugar(fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin)index levels were compared,and the observation group’s index levels were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the scores of physical health,mental health,social relationships,and environment in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Community pharmacy services improved the rational medication effect of elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes,and improved their blood pressure,blood sugar control levels,and quality of life.
文摘A naïve discussion of Fermat’s last theorem conundrum is described. The present theorem’s proof is grounded on the well-known properties of sums of powers of the sine and cosine functions, the Minkowski norm definition, and some vector-specific structures.
文摘The aim of the following essay is to find a semantic core pattern, characterizing its ontology or metaphysics, in the form of thinking that emerged in the work of Descartes, spread and was modified through Spinoza and Leibniz, and became the panorama of science-oriented philosophies constituting the implicit or explicit underpinnings of contemporary thinking, research, and debate, especially in relation to the study of meaning and mind.
文摘According to Claude Bernard,each of the sciences investigates different natural phenomena using experimental methods unique to that science,especially experimental medicine.However,Bernard also argued that these sciences share a“common”experimental method that depends on both the“head”and the“hand”.What he accomplished with his common method is to combine both rationalism and empiricism-head and hand,respectively-to undergird the unity of the experimental sciences while maintaining their plurality.Bernard’s experimental method as articulated in terms of the rational head and the empirical hand metaphor is relevant today to the unity of science vs.pluralism debate,as well as to the rationalism vs.empiricism debate and to the hypothesis-driven vs.data-driven science debate-each of which is explored in turn after briefly reconstructing Bernard’s philosophy of experimental medicine.And his metaphor of head and hand provides a means for examining the natural and biomedical sciences as they evolve with regard to specialization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22103025,51833003,22173030,21975073,and 51621002).
文摘Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelligent manufacturing of polymeric materials.However,the development of PMGE is still in its infancy,and many issues remain to be addressed.In this perspective,we elaborate on the PMGE concepts,summarize the state-of-the-art research and achievements,and highlight the challenges and prospects in this field.In particular,we focus on property estimation approaches,including property proxy prediction and machine learning prediction of polymer properties.The potential engineering applications of PMGE are discussed,including the fields of advanced composites,polymeric materials for communications,and integrated circuits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31672657).
文摘Sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)is an excellent model for investigating effects of bottom-dwellers on carbon mig-ration and transformation.However,the molecular mechanism of respiratory metabolism process variation caused by feeding rations is poorly understood.In this study,treatment groups set as 1%(about 0.63g),3%,and 7%of total body weight(named F1,F3 and F7 groups respectively).The potential molecular mechanisms behind the functions of respiratory tree and body wall were investigated by RNA-Seq.A total of 52411 expressed genes were identified from 89342 expressed transcripts.The results showed 759,254 and 334 genes were up-regulated,and 334,445 and 992 genes were down-regulated in respiratory tree of F1 vs.F3,F1 vs.F7 and F3 vs.F7,respectively.Meanwhile,2070,1601 and 896 genes were up-regulated,and 1303,1337 and 1144 genes were down-regulated in body wall between F1 vs.F3,F1 vs.F7 and F3 vs.F7,respectively.Differentially expressed genes were enriched in salivary secretion and ECM-receptor interaction pathways in respiratory tree,and in various types of N-glycan biosynthesis,ribosome and sphingolipid metabolism pathways in body wall.These results suggested respiratory tree and body wall were involved in activation of respiratory metabolisms in response to different feeding rations.Our research provided valuable knowledge for physiological differences in res-piratory metabolism.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31901525)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province+2 种基金China (Grant No. BK20190255)the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31861143011)the Revitalization of Jiangsu Seed Industry in China (Grant No. JBGS[2021]039)。
文摘Grain size, determined by grain length, grain width and grain thickness, is associated with grain yield and quality. Many genes controlling grain size were cloned and their related regulatory mechanisms were clearly clarified. However, whether these genes can be directly introduced into japonica rice for grain size improvement is unknown.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11935012)。
文摘Quantum teleportation scheme is undoubtedly an inspiring theoretical discovery as an amazing application of quantum physics,which was experimentally realized several years later.For the purpose of quantum communication via this scheme,an entangled ancillary pair shared by Alice and Bob is the essential ingredient,and a quantum memory in Bob’s system is necessary for him to keep the quantum state until the classical message from Alice arrives.Yet,the quantum memory remains a challenge in both technology and rationale.Here we show that quantum teleportation provides fresh perspectives in terms of an alternative scheme for global positioning system.Referring to fixed locations of Bob and Charlie,Alice can determine her relative position by comparing quantum states before and after teleporting around via Bob and Charlie successively.This may open up a new scene in the stage of the application of quantum physics without quantum memories.
文摘The aging population is an important issue around the world especially in developed countries.Although med-ical advances have substantially extended life span,the same cannot be said for the duration of health span.We are seeing in-creasing numbers of elderly people who are frail and/or have multiple chronic conditions;all of these can affect the quality of life of the elderly population as well as increase the burden on the healthcare system.Aging is mechanistically related to common medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus,ischemic heart disease,cognitive decline,and frailty.A recently accepted concept termed‘Accelerated Biological Aging’can be diagnosed when a person’s biological age—as measured by biomarkers of DNA methylation—is older than their corresponding chronological age.Taurine,a conditionally essential amino acid,has received much attention in the past few years.A substantial number of animal studies have provided a strong scientific foundation sug-gesting that this amino acid can improve cellular and metabolic health,including blood glucose control,so much that it has been labelled one of the‘longevity amino acids’.In this review article,we propose the rationale that an adequately powered random-ized-controlled-trial(RCT)is needed to confirm whether taurine can meaningfully improve metabolic and microbiome health,and biological age.This trial should incorporate certain elements in order to provide the much-needed evidence to guide doctors,and also the community at large,to determine whether this promising and inexpensive amino acid is useful in improving human metabolic health.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12101246)。
文摘Under the Flaschka-Newell Lax pair,the Darboux transformation for the Painlevé-Ⅱequation is constructed by the limiting technique.With the aid of the Darboux transformation,the rational solutions are represented by the Gram determinant,and then we give the large y asymptotics of the determinant and the rational solutions.Finally,the solution of the corresponding Riemann-Hilbert problem is obtained from the Darboux matrices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12071042)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.1202006)。
文摘Under consideration in this study is the discrete coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries(mKdV)equation with 4×4 Lax pair.Firstly,through using continuous limit technique,this discrete equation can be mapped to the coupled KdV and mKdV equations,which may depict the development of shallow water waves,the optical soliton propagation in cubic nonlinear media and the Alfven wave in a cold collision-free plasma.Secondly,the discrete generalized(r,N-r)-fold Darboux transformation is constructed and extended to solve this discrete coupled equation with the fourth-order linear spectral problem,from which diverse exact solutions including usual multi-soliton and semi-rational soliton solutions on the vanishing background,higher-order rational soliton and mixed hyperbolic-rational soliton solutions on the non-vanishing background are derived,and the limit states of some soliton and rational soliton solutions are analyzed by the asymptotic analysis technique.Finally,the numerical simulations are used to explore the dynamical behaviors of some exact soliton solutions.These results may be helpful for understanding some physical phenomena in fields of shallow water wave,optics,and plasma physics.
