Based on the semi-quantitative approach, four environmental factors of sites (i.e. bedrock lithology, soil type, land use, and rainfall) were categorized, weighted and combined to determine and assess the relative sen...Based on the semi-quantitative approach, four environmental factors of sites (i.e. bedrock lithology, soil type, land use, and rainfall) were categorized, weighted and combined to determine and assess the relative sensitivity of the terrestrial ecosystems to acidic deposition in Fujian Province. Then the factors have been digitized and combined to assign an overall value for each mesh square (16.77 km×18.39 km) by using the geographic information system (GIS) The results indicated that the most sensitive area in Fujian was mainly located in the southeast, and the least: ensitive area was distributed sporadically in the east along the coast. Due to slow weathering rate of siliceous rocks, acid to weakly acid reactions of the soils, along with the greater percent of coniferous forests, more than 80 percent of the total area exhibits higher sensitivity classes (4–7).展开更多
A scintillator detector consisting of a LaBr_(3)(Ce)(0.5%)scintillator,a photomultiplier tube(PMT),and an oscilloscope were used to study the neutron sensitivities of the LaBr_(3)(Ce)scintillator at the China Spallati...A scintillator detector consisting of a LaBr_(3)(Ce)(0.5%)scintillator,a photomultiplier tube(PMT),and an oscilloscope were used to study the neutron sensitivities of the LaBr_(3)(Ce)scintillator at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)Back-n white neutron source in the double-bunch and single-bunch operation modes,respectively.Under the two operational modes,the relative neutron sensitivity curves of the LaBr_(3)(Ce)scintillator in the energy regions of 1–20 MeV and 0.5–20 MeV were obtained for the first time.In the energy range of 1–20 MeV,the two curves were nearly identical.However the relative neutron sensitivity uncertainties of the double-bunch experiment were higher than those of the single-bunch experiment.The above results indicated that the single-bunch experiment's neutron sensitivity curve has a lower minimum measurable energy than the double-bunch experiment.Above the minimum measurable energy of the double-bunch experiment,there is little difference between the measured relative neutron sensitivity curves of the single-bunch and double-bunch experiments of the LaBr_(3)(Ce)scintillator and those of other scintillators with a similar neutron response signal intensity.展开更多
In this article, highly sensitive and low confinement loss enriching micro structured photonic crystal fiber （PCF） has been suggested as an optical sensor. The proposed PCF is porous cored hexagonal （P-HPCF） where...In this article, highly sensitive and low confinement loss enriching micro structured photonic crystal fiber （PCF） has been suggested as an optical sensor. The proposed PCF is porous cored hexagonal （P-HPCF） where cladding contains five layers with circular air holes and core vicinity is formed by two layered elliptical air holes. Two fundamental propagation characteristics such as the relative sensitivity and confinement loss of the proposed P-HPCF have been numerically scrutinized by the full vectorial finite element method （FEM） simulation procedure. The optimized values are modified with different geometrical parameters like diameters of circular or elliptical air holes, pitches of the core, and cladding region over a spacious assortment of wavelength from 0.8 ktm to 1.8 -m. All pretending results exhibit that the relative sensitivity is enlarged according to decrement of wavelength of the transmission band （O＋E＋S＋C＋L＋U）. In addition, all useable liquids reveal the maximum sensitivity of 57.00%, 57.18%, and 57.27% for n=1.33, 1.354, and 1.366 respectively by lower band. Moreover, effective area, nonlinear coefficient, frequency, propagation constant, total electric energy, total magnetic energy, and wave number in free space of the proposed P-HPCF have been reported recently.展开更多
Aims the relative plant type sensitivity and selected community interac-tions under increased UV-B radiation where examined.Specifically,we investigated:(i)if there are differences among growth forms in regard to thei...Aims the relative plant type sensitivity and selected community interac-tions under increased UV-B radiation where examined.Specifically,we investigated:(i)if there are differences among growth forms in regard to their sensitivity to UV-B radiation,(ii)if increased UV-B radiation influences the plant competitive balance in plant com-munities and(iii)the response mechanisms of the UV-B radiation-sensitive species that might increase their fitness.Methods to answer our research questions,we used a mechanistic model that,for the first time,integrated the effects of increased UV-B radia-tion from molecular level processes,whole plant growth and devel-opment,and community interactions.Important Findings In the model simulations,species types exhibited different levels of sensitivity to increased UV-B radiation.Summer C3 and C4 annuals showed similar growth inhibition rates,while biennials and winter C3 annuals were the most sensitive.Perennials exhibited inhibitions in growth only if increased UV-B radiation results in increases in metabolic rates.In communities,species sensitive to UV-B radiation may have a competitive disadvantage compared to resistant plant species.But,sensitive species may have a wide array of responses that can increase their fitness and reproductive success in the com-munity,such as,increased secondary metabolites production,changes in timing of emergence and reproduction,and changes in seed size.While individual plants may exhibit significant inhibi-tions in growth and development,in communities,these inhibitions can be mitigated by small morphological and physiological adap-tations.Infrequent or occasional increased UV-B radiation events should not have any lasting effect on the structure of the commu-nity,unless other environmental factors are perturbing the dynamic equilibrium.展开更多
Letπ:(X,T)→(Y,S)be a factor map between two topological dynamical systems,and F_(a) Furstenberg family of Z.We introduce the notion of relative broken F-sensitivity.Let Fs(resp.Fpubd,Finf)be the families consisting ...Letπ:(X,T)→(Y,S)be a factor map between two topological dynamical systems,and F_(a) Furstenberg family of Z.We introduce the notion of relative broken F-sensitivity.Let Fs(resp.Fpubd,Finf)be the families consisting of all syndetic subsets(resp.positive upper Banach density subsets,infinite subsets).We show that for a factor mapπ:(X,T)→(Y,S)between transitive systems,πis relatively broken F-sensitive for F=Fs or Fpubd if and only if there exists a relative sensitive pair which is an F-recurrent point of(R_(π),T^((2)));is relatively broken Finf-sensitive if and only if there exists a relative sensitive pair which is not asymptotic.For a factor mapπ:(X,T)→(Y,S)between minimal systems,we get the structure of relative broken F-sensitivity by the factor map to its maximal equicontinuous factor.展开更多
Relative sensitivities of 30 species of common woody plants to simulated acid rain with pH values of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.5 and control were studied. The results showed that 6 species of these plants were sensitive t...Relative sensitivities of 30 species of common woody plants to simulated acid rain with pH values of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.5 and control were studied. The results showed that 6 species of these plants were sensitive to simulated acid rain. The moderate included 18 species. The resistant included 6. Relative sensitivities to ambient acid rain and air pollutants and visible injury degree of 30 species of common woody plants in Chongqing City were investigated. Results showed that 6 species with foliage lesion rate at above 10 percent were sensitive, that 6 species with no lesion were resistant and that other 18 species with lesion at 10 percent below were moderate. Other 7 cities (Guiyang, Zunyi, Duyun, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Liuzhou and Guilin City) were also investigated and results were consistent with those of Chongqing City. The experimental and investigated results showed relative sensitivities and visible injury degree of woody plants to simulated acid rain were consistent with those of the woody plants to ambient acid rain and air pollutants. The sensitive plants may be used as bioindicators to acid rain or air pollutants. The resistant species can be introduced to acid rain and air pollution areas to substitute damaged sensitive plants in order to improve environment.展开更多
A streaked optical pyrometer （SOP） is developed and calibrated for the measurement of the temperature of shocked materials. In order to achieve a higher relative sensitivity, a onechannel scheme is adopted for the s...A streaked optical pyrometer （SOP） is developed and calibrated for the measurement of the temperature of shocked materials. In order to achieve a higher relative sensitivity, a onechannel scheme is adopted for the system. The system is calibrated with a shocked step-shaped aluminum sample in the SG-III prototype laser facility. The relation between the count number in the detection system and the sample temperature is thus obtained, which can be adopted to infer the temperature of any shocked materials in future experiments.展开更多
Tuberculosis is one of the most contagious and lethal illnesses in the world,according to the World Health Organization.Tuberculosis had the leading mortality rate as a result of a single infection,ranking above HIV/A...Tuberculosis is one of the most contagious and lethal illnesses in the world,according to the World Health Organization.Tuberculosis had the leading mortality rate as a result of a single infection,ranking above HIV/AIDS.Early detection is an essential factor in patient treatment and can improve the survival rate.Detection methods should have high mobility,high accuracy,fast detection,and low losses.This work presents a novel biomedical photonic crystal fiber sensor,which can accurately detect and distinguish between the different types of tuberculosis bacteria.The designed sensor detects these types with high relative sensitivity and negligible losses compared to other photonic crystal fiber-based biomedical sensors.The proposed sensor exhibits a relative sensitivity of 90.6%,an effective area of 4.342×10^(-8)m^(2),with a negligible confinement loss of 3.13×10^(-9)cm^(-1),a remarkably low effective material loss of 0.0132cm-f,and a numerical aperture of 0.3462.The proposed sensor is capable of operating in the terahertz regimes over a wide range(1 THz-2.4 THz).An abbreviated review of non-optical detection techniques is also presented.An in-depth comparison between this work and recent related photonic crystal fiber-based literature is drawn to validate the efficacy and authenticity of the proposed design.展开更多
Local development as a local management process tables a number of questions, mainly concerning on conflict resolution between the three power local poles： （1） State and its appointed State peripheral Departments; ...Local development as a local management process tables a number of questions, mainly concerning on conflict resolution between the three power local poles： （1） State and its appointed State peripheral Departments; （2） Local authorities; and （3） Local people and their local movements/lobbies. As the three poles are in a constant negotiations, then each of them should prevail over the other two, thus be introduced in the bargaining problem. Bargaining behavior must therefore be defined. The suggested ＂＇win-win-win papakonstantinidis model＂ （coming from Nash win-win extended approach） tries to find ways for the three-pole bargaining conceptual equilibrium, under conditions, thus maximizing expected utilities for all the involved parts in local decision-making by applying a combination of Descriptive Behavior （DB）, Rational Choice, Instrumental Rationality, and the Applied Behavioral Analysis （ABA） methodologies, then an updating community＇s behavioral state is expected, thus transforming the technical territory-community perception to a behavioral community perception, by sensitizing its population, towards the ＂guanxi relations＂ paradigm.展开更多
Thermal sensitive MnZn ferrite is a kind of soft magnetic ferrite material with lower Curie temperature (Tc) and can be used to make many kinds of magnetic thermal sensitive sensors with high sensitivity. In this pape...Thermal sensitive MnZn ferrite is a kind of soft magnetic ferrite material with lower Curie temperature (Tc) and can be used to make many kinds of magnetic thermal sensitive sensors with high sensitivity. In this paper, the relation between the composition of thermal sensitive ferrite and TC was studied. It was found that TC changes linearly with ZnO extent when the content of Fe2O3 is fixed. Based on lots of experiments, an experimential formula to determine was given out.展开更多
The SrB4O7：Sm2＋ phosphor was synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction method. The phosphor-in-glass was prepared by mixing and firing the phosphor and TeO2-ZnO glass precursor. The XRD results showed tha...The SrB4O7：Sm2＋ phosphor was synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction method. The phosphor-in-glass was prepared by mixing and firing the phosphor and TeO2-ZnO glass precursor. The XRD results showed that the phosphor-in-glass was in amorphous phase because of the tiny mass fraction of phosphor in glass. The emission spectrum under the 355 nm excitation was measured, and it exhibited the same characteristic emission peaks as the phosphor sample. The temperature characteristic of the SrB4O7：Sm2＋ phosphor-in-glass was discussed by analyzing the lifetime of 684 nm emission at various temperatures. The relative temperature sensitivity of 5%/K around 573 K was obtained for the temperature dependent lifetime, suggesting that the material in this study is a promising candidate for temperature sensor application.展开更多
An index guiding photonic crystal fiber used in gas sensing applications is presented. The dependency of the confinement loss and relative sensitivity on the fiber parameters and wavelength is numerically investigated...An index guiding photonic crystal fiber used in gas sensing applications is presented. The dependency of the confinement loss and relative sensitivity on the fiber parameters and wavelength is numerically investigated by using the full-vectorial finite element method （FEM）. The simulations showed that the gas sensing sensitivity increased with an increase in the core diameter and a decrease in the distance between centers of two adjacent holes. Increasing the hole size of two outer cladding rings, this structure simultaneously showed up to 10% improved sensitivity, and the confinement loss reached 6x 10-4 times less than that of the prior sensor at the wavelength of 1.5 μm. This proved the ability of this fiber used in gas and chemicals sensing applications.展开更多
In this paper, a hexagonal shape photonic crystal fiber （H-PCF） has been proposed as a gas sensor of which both micro-structured core and cladding are organized by circular air cavities. The reported H-PCF has a sin...In this paper, a hexagonal shape photonic crystal fiber （H-PCF） has been proposed as a gas sensor of which both micro-structured core and cladding are organized by circular air cavities. The reported H-PCF has a single layer circular core which is surrounded by a five-layer hexagonal cladding. The overall pretending process of the H-PCF is completed by using a full vectorial finite element method （FEM） with perfectly matched layer （PML） boundary condition. All geometrical parameters like diameters and pitches of both core and cladding regions have fluctuated with an optimized structure. After completing the numerical analysis, it is clearly visualized that the proposed H-PCF exhibits high sensitivity with low confinement loss. The investigated results reveal the relative sensitivity of 56.65% and confinement loss of 2.31×10^-5 dB/m at the 1.33%tm wavelength. Moreover, effective area, nonlinearity, and V-parameter of the suggested PCF are also briefly described.展开更多
A novel benzene core photonic crystal fiber （BC-PCF） is proposed for plasma sensing applications. The proposed BC-PCF parameters have been tuned to gain high sensitivity, high numerical aperture （NA）, and low conf...A novel benzene core photonic crystal fiber （BC-PCF） is proposed for plasma sensing applications. The proposed BC-PCF parameters have been tuned to gain high sensitivity, high numerical aperture （NA）, and low confinement loss, and modality over the extensive variety of 0.7 μm to 1.9μm wavelength. The explored results for the ideal structure have exhibited the high sensitivity up to 77.84% and negligible confinement loss of 7.9×10^-3dB/m at 1.3μm wavelength. The V-barometer remains under 2.405 over the whole working wavelength. So the proposed BC-PCF is a single mode fiber, which advances the long partition correspondence applications. Furthermore, high numerical aperture （NA） makes the fiber potential candidate in medical imaging applications. The plan of the sensor is to find out the creative potential outcomes in sensing applications.展开更多
A photonic crystal fiber(PCF)for sensing of sulfuric acid is designed and analyzed using Comsol Multiphysics.To analyze the sensor performance,0%,10%,20%,30%,40%H2SO4 solution is placed into the fiber separately and t...A photonic crystal fiber(PCF)for sensing of sulfuric acid is designed and analyzed using Comsol Multiphysics.To analyze the sensor performance,0%,10%,20%,30%,40%H2SO4 solution is placed into the fiber separately and then relative sensitivity,confinement loss,birefringence,effective area etc.are investigated for each solution over wavelength ranging from 0.8 to 1.8μm.The sensor structure affords moderately high relative sensitivity and around 63.4%sensitivity is achieved for the highest concentration of H2SO4 at the wavelength 1.5|im inxpolarization direction.This PCF model also shows zero confinement loss for all solutions of H2SO4 over wavelength ranging from 1 to 1.35μm and later on approximately 1.422×10^-17 dB/km confinement loss is found for the highest concentration of H2SO4 at 1.5|im wavelength.Besides,higher birefringence is attained when the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower and it is achieved 7.5×10^-4 at 1.5μm wavelength.Moreover,higher sensing area is achieved at high concentration of sulfuric acid.展开更多
An intensive field campaign was conducted in Chongqing during the summer of 2015 to explore the formation mechanisms of ozone pollution. The sources of ozone, the local production rates, and the controlling factors, a...An intensive field campaign was conducted in Chongqing during the summer of 2015 to explore the formation mechanisms of ozone pollution. The sources of ozone, the local production rates, and the controlling factors, as well as key species of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), were quantified by integrating a local ozone budget analysis, calculations of the relative incremental reactivity, and an empirical kinetic model approach. It was found that the potential for rapid local ozone formation exists in Chongqing. During ozone pollution episodes, the ozone production rates were found to be high at the upwind station Nan Quan, the urban station Chao Zhan, and the downwind station Jin-Yun Shan. The average local ozone production rate was 30×10^(-9) V/V h^(-1) and the daily integration of the produced ozone was greater than 180×10^(-9) V/V. High ozone concentrations were associated with urban and downwind air masses. At most sites, the local ozone production was VOC-limited and the key species were aromatics and alkene, which originated mainly from vehicles and solvent usage. In addition, the air masses at the northwestern rural sites were NO_x-limited and the local ozone production rates were significantly higher during the pollution episodes due to the increased NOx concentrations. In summary, the ozone abatement strategies of Chongqing should be focused on the mitigation of VOCs. Nevertheless, a reduction in NO_x is also beneficial for reducing the regional ozone peak values in Chongqing and the surrounding areas.展开更多
文摘Based on the semi-quantitative approach, four environmental factors of sites (i.e. bedrock lithology, soil type, land use, and rainfall) were categorized, weighted and combined to determine and assess the relative sensitivity of the terrestrial ecosystems to acidic deposition in Fujian Province. Then the factors have been digitized and combined to assign an overall value for each mesh square (16.77 km×18.39 km) by using the geographic information system (GIS) The results indicated that the most sensitive area in Fujian was mainly located in the southeast, and the least: ensitive area was distributed sporadically in the east along the coast. Due to slow weathering rate of siliceous rocks, acid to weakly acid reactions of the soils, along with the greater percent of coniferous forests, more than 80 percent of the total area exhibits higher sensitivity classes (4–7).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11905196)。
文摘A scintillator detector consisting of a LaBr_(3)(Ce)(0.5%)scintillator,a photomultiplier tube(PMT),and an oscilloscope were used to study the neutron sensitivities of the LaBr_(3)(Ce)scintillator at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)Back-n white neutron source in the double-bunch and single-bunch operation modes,respectively.Under the two operational modes,the relative neutron sensitivity curves of the LaBr_(3)(Ce)scintillator in the energy regions of 1–20 MeV and 0.5–20 MeV were obtained for the first time.In the energy range of 1–20 MeV,the two curves were nearly identical.However the relative neutron sensitivity uncertainties of the double-bunch experiment were higher than those of the single-bunch experiment.The above results indicated that the single-bunch experiment's neutron sensitivity curve has a lower minimum measurable energy than the double-bunch experiment.Above the minimum measurable energy of the double-bunch experiment,there is little difference between the measured relative neutron sensitivity curves of the single-bunch and double-bunch experiments of the LaBr_(3)(Ce)scintillator and those of other scintillators with a similar neutron response signal intensity.
文摘In this article, highly sensitive and low confinement loss enriching micro structured photonic crystal fiber （PCF） has been suggested as an optical sensor. The proposed PCF is porous cored hexagonal （P-HPCF） where cladding contains five layers with circular air holes and core vicinity is formed by two layered elliptical air holes. Two fundamental propagation characteristics such as the relative sensitivity and confinement loss of the proposed P-HPCF have been numerically scrutinized by the full vectorial finite element method （FEM） simulation procedure. The optimized values are modified with different geometrical parameters like diameters of circular or elliptical air holes, pitches of the core, and cladding region over a spacious assortment of wavelength from 0.8 ktm to 1.8 -m. All pretending results exhibit that the relative sensitivity is enlarged according to decrement of wavelength of the transmission band （O＋E＋S＋C＋L＋U）. In addition, all useable liquids reveal the maximum sensitivity of 57.00%, 57.18%, and 57.27% for n=1.33, 1.354, and 1.366 respectively by lower band. Moreover, effective area, nonlinear coefficient, frequency, propagation constant, total electric energy, total magnetic energy, and wave number in free space of the proposed P-HPCF have been reported recently.
文摘Aims the relative plant type sensitivity and selected community interac-tions under increased UV-B radiation where examined.Specifically,we investigated:(i)if there are differences among growth forms in regard to their sensitivity to UV-B radiation,(ii)if increased UV-B radiation influences the plant competitive balance in plant com-munities and(iii)the response mechanisms of the UV-B radiation-sensitive species that might increase their fitness.Methods to answer our research questions,we used a mechanistic model that,for the first time,integrated the effects of increased UV-B radia-tion from molecular level processes,whole plant growth and devel-opment,and community interactions.Important Findings In the model simulations,species types exhibited different levels of sensitivity to increased UV-B radiation.Summer C3 and C4 annuals showed similar growth inhibition rates,while biennials and winter C3 annuals were the most sensitive.Perennials exhibited inhibitions in growth only if increased UV-B radiation results in increases in metabolic rates.In communities,species sensitive to UV-B radiation may have a competitive disadvantage compared to resistant plant species.But,sensitive species may have a wide array of responses that can increase their fitness and reproductive success in the com-munity,such as,increased secondary metabolites production,changes in timing of emergence and reproduction,and changes in seed size.While individual plants may exhibit significant inhibi-tions in growth and development,in communities,these inhibitions can be mitigated by small morphological and physiological adap-tations.Infrequent or occasional increased UV-B radiation events should not have any lasting effect on the structure of the commu-nity,unless other environmental factors are perturbing the dynamic equilibrium.
基金Supported by NNSF of China(Grant Nos.12001354,12171298)。
文摘Letπ:(X,T)→(Y,S)be a factor map between two topological dynamical systems,and F_(a) Furstenberg family of Z.We introduce the notion of relative broken F-sensitivity.Let Fs(resp.Fpubd,Finf)be the families consisting of all syndetic subsets(resp.positive upper Banach density subsets,infinite subsets).We show that for a factor mapπ:(X,T)→(Y,S)between transitive systems,πis relatively broken F-sensitive for F=Fs or Fpubd if and only if there exists a relative sensitive pair which is an F-recurrent point of(R_(π),T^((2)));is relatively broken Finf-sensitive if and only if there exists a relative sensitive pair which is not asymptotic.For a factor mapπ:(X,T)→(Y,S)between minimal systems,we get the structure of relative broken F-sensitivity by the factor map to its maximal equicontinuous factor.
文摘Relative sensitivities of 30 species of common woody plants to simulated acid rain with pH values of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.5 and control were studied. The results showed that 6 species of these plants were sensitive to simulated acid rain. The moderate included 18 species. The resistant included 6. Relative sensitivities to ambient acid rain and air pollutants and visible injury degree of 30 species of common woody plants in Chongqing City were investigated. Results showed that 6 species with foliage lesion rate at above 10 percent were sensitive, that 6 species with no lesion were resistant and that other 18 species with lesion at 10 percent below were moderate. Other 7 cities (Guiyang, Zunyi, Duyun, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Liuzhou and Guilin City) were also investigated and results were consistent with those of Chongqing City. The experimental and investigated results showed relative sensitivities and visible injury degree of woody plants to simulated acid rain were consistent with those of the woody plants to ambient acid rain and air pollutants. The sensitive plants may be used as bioindicators to acid rain or air pollutants. The resistant species can be introduced to acid rain and air pollution areas to substitute damaged sensitive plants in order to improve environment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11005097 and 1175179)the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KJCX2-YW-N36)the Project 2010A0102003 supported by CAEP
文摘A streaked optical pyrometer （SOP） is developed and calibrated for the measurement of the temperature of shocked materials. In order to achieve a higher relative sensitivity, a onechannel scheme is adopted for the system. The system is calibrated with a shocked step-shaped aluminum sample in the SG-III prototype laser facility. The relation between the count number in the detection system and the sample temperature is thus obtained, which can be adopted to infer the temperature of any shocked materials in future experiments.
文摘Tuberculosis is one of the most contagious and lethal illnesses in the world,according to the World Health Organization.Tuberculosis had the leading mortality rate as a result of a single infection,ranking above HIV/AIDS.Early detection is an essential factor in patient treatment and can improve the survival rate.Detection methods should have high mobility,high accuracy,fast detection,and low losses.This work presents a novel biomedical photonic crystal fiber sensor,which can accurately detect and distinguish between the different types of tuberculosis bacteria.The designed sensor detects these types with high relative sensitivity and negligible losses compared to other photonic crystal fiber-based biomedical sensors.The proposed sensor exhibits a relative sensitivity of 90.6%,an effective area of 4.342×10^(-8)m^(2),with a negligible confinement loss of 3.13×10^(-9)cm^(-1),a remarkably low effective material loss of 0.0132cm-f,and a numerical aperture of 0.3462.The proposed sensor is capable of operating in the terahertz regimes over a wide range(1 THz-2.4 THz).An abbreviated review of non-optical detection techniques is also presented.An in-depth comparison between this work and recent related photonic crystal fiber-based literature is drawn to validate the efficacy and authenticity of the proposed design.
文摘Local development as a local management process tables a number of questions, mainly concerning on conflict resolution between the three power local poles： （1） State and its appointed State peripheral Departments; （2） Local authorities; and （3） Local people and their local movements/lobbies. As the three poles are in a constant negotiations, then each of them should prevail over the other two, thus be introduced in the bargaining problem. Bargaining behavior must therefore be defined. The suggested ＂＇win-win-win papakonstantinidis model＂ （coming from Nash win-win extended approach） tries to find ways for the three-pole bargaining conceptual equilibrium, under conditions, thus maximizing expected utilities for all the involved parts in local decision-making by applying a combination of Descriptive Behavior （DB）, Rational Choice, Instrumental Rationality, and the Applied Behavioral Analysis （ABA） methodologies, then an updating community＇s behavioral state is expected, thus transforming the technical territory-community perception to a behavioral community perception, by sensitizing its population, towards the ＂guanxi relations＂ paradigm.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China!(No. 59972011).
文摘Thermal sensitive MnZn ferrite is a kind of soft magnetic ferrite material with lower Curie temperature (Tc) and can be used to make many kinds of magnetic thermal sensitive sensors with high sensitivity. In this paper, the relation between the composition of thermal sensitive ferrite and TC was studied. It was found that TC changes linearly with ZnO extent when the content of Fe2O3 is fixed. Based on lots of experiments, an experimential formula to determine was given out.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB921800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11274299,11374291,11574298,11404321)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1308085QE75)
文摘The SrB4O7：Sm2＋ phosphor was synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction method. The phosphor-in-glass was prepared by mixing and firing the phosphor and TeO2-ZnO glass precursor. The XRD results showed that the phosphor-in-glass was in amorphous phase because of the tiny mass fraction of phosphor in glass. The emission spectrum under the 355 nm excitation was measured, and it exhibited the same characteristic emission peaks as the phosphor sample. The temperature characteristic of the SrB4O7：Sm2＋ phosphor-in-glass was discussed by analyzing the lifetime of 684 nm emission at various temperatures. The relative temperature sensitivity of 5%/K around 573 K was obtained for the temperature dependent lifetime, suggesting that the material in this study is a promising candidate for temperature sensor application.
文摘An index guiding photonic crystal fiber used in gas sensing applications is presented. The dependency of the confinement loss and relative sensitivity on the fiber parameters and wavelength is numerically investigated by using the full-vectorial finite element method （FEM）. The simulations showed that the gas sensing sensitivity increased with an increase in the core diameter and a decrease in the distance between centers of two adjacent holes. Increasing the hole size of two outer cladding rings, this structure simultaneously showed up to 10% improved sensitivity, and the confinement loss reached 6x 10-4 times less than that of the prior sensor at the wavelength of 1.5 μm. This proved the ability of this fiber used in gas and chemicals sensing applications.
文摘In this paper, a hexagonal shape photonic crystal fiber （H-PCF） has been proposed as a gas sensor of which both micro-structured core and cladding are organized by circular air cavities. The reported H-PCF has a single layer circular core which is surrounded by a five-layer hexagonal cladding. The overall pretending process of the H-PCF is completed by using a full vectorial finite element method （FEM） with perfectly matched layer （PML） boundary condition. All geometrical parameters like diameters and pitches of both core and cladding regions have fluctuated with an optimized structure. After completing the numerical analysis, it is clearly visualized that the proposed H-PCF exhibits high sensitivity with low confinement loss. The investigated results reveal the relative sensitivity of 56.65% and confinement loss of 2.31×10^-5 dB/m at the 1.33%tm wavelength. Moreover, effective area, nonlinearity, and V-parameter of the suggested PCF are also briefly described.
文摘A novel benzene core photonic crystal fiber （BC-PCF） is proposed for plasma sensing applications. The proposed BC-PCF parameters have been tuned to gain high sensitivity, high numerical aperture （NA）, and low confinement loss, and modality over the extensive variety of 0.7 μm to 1.9μm wavelength. The explored results for the ideal structure have exhibited the high sensitivity up to 77.84% and negligible confinement loss of 7.9×10^-3dB/m at 1.3μm wavelength. The V-barometer remains under 2.405 over the whole working wavelength. So the proposed BC-PCF is a single mode fiber, which advances the long partition correspondence applications. Furthermore, high numerical aperture （NA） makes the fiber potential candidate in medical imaging applications. The plan of the sensor is to find out the creative potential outcomes in sensing applications.
文摘A photonic crystal fiber(PCF)for sensing of sulfuric acid is designed and analyzed using Comsol Multiphysics.To analyze the sensor performance,0%,10%,20%,30%,40%H2SO4 solution is placed into the fiber separately and then relative sensitivity,confinement loss,birefringence,effective area etc.are investigated for each solution over wavelength ranging from 0.8 to 1.8μm.The sensor structure affords moderately high relative sensitivity and around 63.4%sensitivity is achieved for the highest concentration of H2SO4 at the wavelength 1.5|im inxpolarization direction.This PCF model also shows zero confinement loss for all solutions of H2SO4 over wavelength ranging from 1 to 1.35μm and later on approximately 1.422×10^-17 dB/km confinement loss is found for the highest concentration of H2SO4 at 1.5|im wavelength.Besides,higher birefringence is attained when the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower and it is achieved 7.5×10^-4 at 1.5μm wavelength.Moreover,higher sensing area is achieved at high concentration of sulfuric acid.
基金supportted by the Environmental Public Welfare Industry in China (Grant No. 201509001)the National Science and Technology Supporting Plan (Grant No. 2014BAC21B01)the Chongqing Project of the Ozone Source Appointment
文摘An intensive field campaign was conducted in Chongqing during the summer of 2015 to explore the formation mechanisms of ozone pollution. The sources of ozone, the local production rates, and the controlling factors, as well as key species of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), were quantified by integrating a local ozone budget analysis, calculations of the relative incremental reactivity, and an empirical kinetic model approach. It was found that the potential for rapid local ozone formation exists in Chongqing. During ozone pollution episodes, the ozone production rates were found to be high at the upwind station Nan Quan, the urban station Chao Zhan, and the downwind station Jin-Yun Shan. The average local ozone production rate was 30×10^(-9) V/V h^(-1) and the daily integration of the produced ozone was greater than 180×10^(-9) V/V. High ozone concentrations were associated with urban and downwind air masses. At most sites, the local ozone production was VOC-limited and the key species were aromatics and alkene, which originated mainly from vehicles and solvent usage. In addition, the air masses at the northwestern rural sites were NO_x-limited and the local ozone production rates were significantly higher during the pollution episodes due to the increased NOx concentrations. In summary, the ozone abatement strategies of Chongqing should be focused on the mitigation of VOCs. Nevertheless, a reduction in NO_x is also beneficial for reducing the regional ozone peak values in Chongqing and the surrounding areas.
