Background Opisthorchiid flukes,particularly Opisthorchis viverrini,Opisthorchis felineus,Clonorchis sinensis,and Metorchis spp.are the most common fish-borne zoonotic human liver flukes(hLFs).Liver fluke infections a...Background Opisthorchiid flukes,particularly Opisthorchis viverrini,Opisthorchis felineus,Clonorchis sinensis,and Metorchis spp.are the most common fish-borne zoonotic human liver flukes(hLFs).Liver fluke infections are more prevalent in resource-deprived and underprivileged areas.We herein estimated the prevalence of the metacercariae(MC)of major hLFs in common large freshwater fishes(lFWF)marketed for human consumption from some selected areas of Bangladesh along with detection of their molluscan vectors and reservoirs.Methods The current status of fish-borne zoonotic hLF infections in lFWF was investigated along with their molluscan vectors and mammalian reservoir hosts in Mymensingh and Kishoreganj in Bangladesh from July 2018-June 2022 using conventional and multiple molecular techniques,such as PCR,PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP),sequencing,and bioinformatic analyses.The infection rate of fishes was analyzed using the Z-test and the loads of MC were compared using the chi-squared(χ^(2))test.Results The MC of C.sinensis,Opisthorchis spp.,and Metorchis spp.were detected in 11 species of common and popular lFWF.In lFWF,the estimated prevalence was 18.7%and the mean load was 137.4±149.8 MC per 100 g of fish.The prevalence was the highest(P<0.05)in spotted snakehead fishes(Channa punctata,63.6%).The highest rate of infection(P<0.05)was observed with the MC of C.sinensis(11.8%).Metacercariae were almost equally(P>0.05)distributed between the head and body of fishes.The infection rate was slightly higher in cultured(19.6%)fishes.The MC of C.sinensis,O.felineus,O.viverrini,and Metorchis orientalis in fishes were confirmed using PCR,PCR-RFLP and bioinformatics.The cercariae of opisthorchiid(Pleurolophocercus cercariae)flukes were only recovered from Bithynia spp.(3.9%,42 out of 1089).The ova of hLFs from dogs(4.3%,5 out of 116)and cats(6.0%,6 out of 100),and adult flukes(M.orientalis)from ducks(41.1%113 out of 275)were detected.Conclusions The MC of hLFs are highly prevalent in fresh water fishes in Bangladesh.Reservoir hosts,such as street dogs,cats,and ducks carried the patent infection,and residents of Bangladesh are at risk.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and other epidemics(such as severe acute respiratory syndrome[SARS],Ebola,and H1N1)are stark reminders that knowledge of animal behavior and ecosystem health are key to controlling th...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and other epidemics(such as severe acute respiratory syndrome[SARS],Ebola,and H1N1)are stark reminders that knowledge of animal behavior and ecosystem health are key to controlling the spread of zoonotic diseases early in their onset.However,we have very limited information about the set of behavioral and ecological factors that promote viral spillover and the effects that has on ecosystem health and disease transmission.Thus,expanding our current knowledge of reservoir hosts and pandemics represents an urgent and critical tool in ecological epidemiology.We also propose to create an integrative database that ranks animal species in terms of their likelihood as hosts for specific infectious diseases.We call for a global and cooperative effort of field and laboratory scientists to create,maintain,and update this information in order to reduce the severity of future pandemics.展开更多
Bats,notable as the only flying mammals,serve as natural reservoir hosts for various highly pathogenic viruses in humans(e.g.,SARS-CoV and Ebola virus).Furthermore,bats exhibit an unparalleled longevity among mammals ...Bats,notable as the only flying mammals,serve as natural reservoir hosts for various highly pathogenic viruses in humans(e.g.,SARS-CoV and Ebola virus).Furthermore,bats exhibit an unparalleled longevity among mammals relative to their size,particularly the Myotis bats,which can live up to 40 years.However,the mechanisms underlying these distinctive traits remain incompletely understood.In our prior research,we demonstrated that bats exhibit dampened STING-interferon activation,potentially conferring upon them the capacity to mitigate virus-or aging-induced inflammation.To substantiate this hypothesis,we established the first in vivo bat-mouse model for aging studies by integrating Myotis davidii bat STING(MdSTING)into the mouse genome.We monitored the genotypes of these mice and performed a longitudinal comparative transcriptomic analysis on MdSTING and wild-type mice over a 3-year aging process.Blood transcriptomic analysis indicated a reduction in aging-related inflammation in female MdSTING mice,as evidenced by significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,immunopathology,and neutrophil recruitment in aged female MdSTING mice compared to aged wild-type mice in vivo.These results indicated that MdSTING knock-in attenuates the aging-related inflammatory response and may also improve the healthspan in mice in a sex-dependent manner.Although the underlying mechanism awaits further study,this research has critical implications for bat longevity research,potentially contributing to our comprehension of healthy aging in humans.展开更多
This letter to editor discusses and describes Zika virus IgG seropositivity rate in canine sera from endemic area.This is the first world report and it raises an urgent concern on pet,zoonosis and reservoir host regar...This letter to editor discusses and describes Zika virus IgG seropositivity rate in canine sera from endemic area.This is the first world report and it raises an urgent concern on pet,zoonosis and reservoir host regarding Zika virus.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extr...Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extra-domestic agricultural fields and rural villages.Methods:Rodents were collected from selected study sites in kala-azar endemic areas based on information for localities of kala-azar cases for screening of Leshmania infections using parasitological,serological and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from March.2013 to January,2014.Ketamine(Clorketam Veterinary) was used to anaesthesize the rodents according the prescribed dosage(average 2 mg/kg for intra-venous route).The blood obtained using sterile needle was dropped into sterile filter paper and allowed to air dry before sealing in plastic bags.The tissues from liver,spleen and skin were macerated in Locke's solution before transferring them into NNN medium.Blood and touch smears of liver,spleen,skin and bone marrow were prepared for fixing using methanol and staining by Giemsa stain for microscopy.These tissues were also ascd for DNA extractions and PCR amplification of Leishmania infection.Results:A total of 335 rodents(13 species) were analyzed by sampling internal organs.The infection rate by PCR was 11.1%(6/54) for Arvicanthis nilothicas compared to 17.6%(3/17) and 12.5%(2/16) for Acomys cahirinus and Tarera(C) robustus respectively.Almost all the infections were found from bone marrow samples(8/48 or 16.7%) compared with 1/91(1.1%) liver,2/87(2.2%) spleen and 0/87(0%) skin.In all study sites with past human VL cases,rodents and proved vectors shared similar habitats.Conclusions:Leishmania donovani might circulate among different species of rodents in kala-azar endemic lowlands and valleys of Ethiopia by Phlebotamus orientalis and Phlebotomus martini.Detailed studies to substantiate the preliminary data on the possible role of these rodents arc urgently needed.展开更多
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV).SFTSV has been found in humans,ticks and animals,and SFTS has high ...Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV).SFTSV has been found in humans,ticks and animals,and SFTS has high mortality and increasing prevalence in East Asia.In the study,the samples(heart,liver,lung,kidney,spleen,brain tissue and serum)were collected from 374 domestic animals and 241 wild animals in Pingqiao District and Xinxian County of Xinyang in Henan Province,China.275(44.72%,275/615)animals were positive for anti-SFTSV antibodies,the anti-SFTSV antibodies positive ratios of domestic and wild animals were 43.58%(163/374)and 46.47%(112/241),respectively.There was no significant difference in domestic and wild animals,but significant differences were detected among different species of animals(x^2=112.59,P<0.0001).Among 615 animals,105(17.07%,105/615)animals were positive for SFTSV RNA,and only one SFTSV strain was isolated from heart tissue of a yellow weasel.The phylogenetic analysis shows that the sequence from animals belonged to the same group with viral sequences obtained from humans.The animals maybe play a reservoir host in maintaining the life cycle of SFTSV in nature.展开更多
基金funded by the Ministry of Education(MoE)and Ministry of Science and Technology(MoST),The Government of Bangladeshsupported by the JSPS Core-to-Core Program(JSJSCCB20200010).
文摘Background Opisthorchiid flukes,particularly Opisthorchis viverrini,Opisthorchis felineus,Clonorchis sinensis,and Metorchis spp.are the most common fish-borne zoonotic human liver flukes(hLFs).Liver fluke infections are more prevalent in resource-deprived and underprivileged areas.We herein estimated the prevalence of the metacercariae(MC)of major hLFs in common large freshwater fishes(lFWF)marketed for human consumption from some selected areas of Bangladesh along with detection of their molluscan vectors and reservoirs.Methods The current status of fish-borne zoonotic hLF infections in lFWF was investigated along with their molluscan vectors and mammalian reservoir hosts in Mymensingh and Kishoreganj in Bangladesh from July 2018-June 2022 using conventional and multiple molecular techniques,such as PCR,PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP),sequencing,and bioinformatic analyses.The infection rate of fishes was analyzed using the Z-test and the loads of MC were compared using the chi-squared(χ^(2))test.Results The MC of C.sinensis,Opisthorchis spp.,and Metorchis spp.were detected in 11 species of common and popular lFWF.In lFWF,the estimated prevalence was 18.7%and the mean load was 137.4±149.8 MC per 100 g of fish.The prevalence was the highest(P<0.05)in spotted snakehead fishes(Channa punctata,63.6%).The highest rate of infection(P<0.05)was observed with the MC of C.sinensis(11.8%).Metacercariae were almost equally(P>0.05)distributed between the head and body of fishes.The infection rate was slightly higher in cultured(19.6%)fishes.The MC of C.sinensis,O.felineus,O.viverrini,and Metorchis orientalis in fishes were confirmed using PCR,PCR-RFLP and bioinformatics.The cercariae of opisthorchiid(Pleurolophocercus cercariae)flukes were only recovered from Bithynia spp.(3.9%,42 out of 1089).The ova of hLFs from dogs(4.3%,5 out of 116)and cats(6.0%,6 out of 100),and adult flukes(M.orientalis)from ducks(41.1%113 out of 275)were detected.Conclusions The MC of hLFs are highly prevalent in fresh water fishes in Bangladesh.Reservoir hosts,such as street dogs,cats,and ducks carried the patent infection,and residents of Bangladesh are at risk.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ19022)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801978).
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and other epidemics(such as severe acute respiratory syndrome[SARS],Ebola,and H1N1)are stark reminders that knowledge of animal behavior and ecosystem health are key to controlling the spread of zoonotic diseases early in their onset.However,we have very limited information about the set of behavioral and ecological factors that promote viral spillover and the effects that has on ecosystem health and disease transmission.Thus,expanding our current knowledge of reservoir hosts and pandemics represents an urgent and critical tool in ecological epidemiology.We also propose to create an integrative database that ranks animal species in terms of their likelihood as hosts for specific infectious diseases.We call for a global and cooperative effort of field and laboratory scientists to create,maintain,and update this information in order to reduce the severity of future pandemics.
基金supported by the China Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Scholars(82325032)Self-Supporting Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(SRPG22-001)。
文摘Bats,notable as the only flying mammals,serve as natural reservoir hosts for various highly pathogenic viruses in humans(e.g.,SARS-CoV and Ebola virus).Furthermore,bats exhibit an unparalleled longevity among mammals relative to their size,particularly the Myotis bats,which can live up to 40 years.However,the mechanisms underlying these distinctive traits remain incompletely understood.In our prior research,we demonstrated that bats exhibit dampened STING-interferon activation,potentially conferring upon them the capacity to mitigate virus-or aging-induced inflammation.To substantiate this hypothesis,we established the first in vivo bat-mouse model for aging studies by integrating Myotis davidii bat STING(MdSTING)into the mouse genome.We monitored the genotypes of these mice and performed a longitudinal comparative transcriptomic analysis on MdSTING and wild-type mice over a 3-year aging process.Blood transcriptomic analysis indicated a reduction in aging-related inflammation in female MdSTING mice,as evidenced by significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,immunopathology,and neutrophil recruitment in aged female MdSTING mice compared to aged wild-type mice in vivo.These results indicated that MdSTING knock-in attenuates the aging-related inflammatory response and may also improve the healthspan in mice in a sex-dependent manner.Although the underlying mechanism awaits further study,this research has critical implications for bat longevity research,potentially contributing to our comprehension of healthy aging in humans.
文摘This letter to editor discusses and describes Zika virus IgG seropositivity rate in canine sera from endemic area.This is the first world report and it raises an urgent concern on pet,zoonosis and reservoir host regarding Zika virus.
基金supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Global Health Program(Grant number OPPGH5336)Gondar University
文摘Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extra-domestic agricultural fields and rural villages.Methods:Rodents were collected from selected study sites in kala-azar endemic areas based on information for localities of kala-azar cases for screening of Leshmania infections using parasitological,serological and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from March.2013 to January,2014.Ketamine(Clorketam Veterinary) was used to anaesthesize the rodents according the prescribed dosage(average 2 mg/kg for intra-venous route).The blood obtained using sterile needle was dropped into sterile filter paper and allowed to air dry before sealing in plastic bags.The tissues from liver,spleen and skin were macerated in Locke's solution before transferring them into NNN medium.Blood and touch smears of liver,spleen,skin and bone marrow were prepared for fixing using methanol and staining by Giemsa stain for microscopy.These tissues were also ascd for DNA extractions and PCR amplification of Leishmania infection.Results:A total of 335 rodents(13 species) were analyzed by sampling internal organs.The infection rate by PCR was 11.1%(6/54) for Arvicanthis nilothicas compared to 17.6%(3/17) and 12.5%(2/16) for Acomys cahirinus and Tarera(C) robustus respectively.Almost all the infections were found from bone marrow samples(8/48 or 16.7%) compared with 1/91(1.1%) liver,2/87(2.2%) spleen and 0/87(0%) skin.In all study sites with past human VL cases,rodents and proved vectors shared similar habitats.Conclusions:Leishmania donovani might circulate among different species of rodents in kala-azar endemic lowlands and valleys of Ethiopia by Phlebotamus orientalis and Phlebotomus martini.Detailed studies to substantiate the preliminary data on the possible role of these rodents arc urgently needed.
基金This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.:81573204,81773500)Henan medical science and technology program(No.:2018010029,2018020510).
文摘Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV).SFTSV has been found in humans,ticks and animals,and SFTS has high mortality and increasing prevalence in East Asia.In the study,the samples(heart,liver,lung,kidney,spleen,brain tissue and serum)were collected from 374 domestic animals and 241 wild animals in Pingqiao District and Xinxian County of Xinyang in Henan Province,China.275(44.72%,275/615)animals were positive for anti-SFTSV antibodies,the anti-SFTSV antibodies positive ratios of domestic and wild animals were 43.58%(163/374)and 46.47%(112/241),respectively.There was no significant difference in domestic and wild animals,but significant differences were detected among different species of animals(x^2=112.59,P<0.0001).Among 615 animals,105(17.07%,105/615)animals were positive for SFTSV RNA,and only one SFTSV strain was isolated from heart tissue of a yellow weasel.The phylogenetic analysis shows that the sequence from animals belonged to the same group with viral sequences obtained from humans.The animals maybe play a reservoir host in maintaining the life cycle of SFTSV in nature.
