In the past several decades,the cognitive skills in language learning have been put more attention to than emo-tions.While it should be noted that language learning often involves strong positive or negative emotions....In the past several decades,the cognitive skills in language learning have been put more attention to than emo-tions.While it should be noted that language learning often involves strong positive or negative emotions.Lack of positive emotionin language learning will lead to severe discount of the cognitive competence.This article is intended to discuss the influence ofemotion,especially self-esteem,on motivation in language learning from Schumann’s neurobiological perspective,and the implica-tion of self-esteem for language teaching—how to enhance learners’self-esteem,to promote their motivation,hence to guidethem to step into their next zone of proximal development in both academic performance and social skills and become whole per-sons responsible for our society.展开更多
Self-esteem is one of personality traits in the process of language learning.There is a close relationship between the level of self-esteem and language learning achievements.The purpose of the study is to discuss the...Self-esteem is one of personality traits in the process of language learning.There is a close relationship between the level of self-esteem and language learning achievements.The purpose of the study is to discuss the relationship between EFL self-esteem and English achievements in the process of their English learning.The study also shows that EFL self-esteem can influence English achievements.On the other hand,English achievements can influence EFL self-esteem too.Based on the research,some methods are proposed to help strengthen students' EFL self-esteem and improve their English achievement.展开更多
Aim: To investigate the flaccid and stretched penile sizes of young Korean men and their complexes or pride about their penile size. Methods: After an explanation and agreement to the purpose and methods of this study...Aim: To investigate the flaccid and stretched penile sizes of young Korean men and their complexes or pride about their penile size. Methods: After an explanation and agreement to the purpose and methods of this study, 123 Korean men in their early 20's visiting the Jinhae Military General Hospital were included in the study. The flaccid penile length, flaccid mid-shaft circumference, stretched length and pre-pubic bone fat pad depth were measured in a warm comfortable environment. The accuracy the subjects assessed their penile size was investigated by asking them to rate their penile size, as 'very small', 'small', 'normal', 'large' or 'very large'. All subjects were asked to complete the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) test. Results: The mean flaccid length, flaccid circumference, stretched length and fat pad depth of the 123 subjects were (6.9 ± 0.8) cm, (8.5 ±1.1) cm, (9.6 ± 0.8) cm and (1.1 ± 0.4) cm, respectively. The answer distribution on penile size was 1 (0.8 %) 'very small', 29 (23.6 %) 'small', 86 (69.9 %) 'normal', 6 (4.9 %) 'large' and 1 (0.8 %) 'very large'. Subjects who underestimated their penile size showed significantly higher scores on the hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D) and psychasthenia (Pt) subscales of the MMPI than those in the Unbiased Group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In consultation, with a patient requesting penile augmentation, the urologist should consider the psychologic attitude of the patient to his penile size.展开更多
Objectives: Research has highlighted the importance of regular exercise within the general population and mental health groups in regard to mood and self-esteem, as well as single bout exercise within the general popu...Objectives: Research has highlighted the importance of regular exercise within the general population and mental health groups in regard to mood and self-esteem, as well as single bout exercise within the general population. However, research into single bout exercise in mental health population is lacking. This study investigated the impact of a single bout of exercise, on mood and self-esteem, in patients with a wider clinical mental health diagnosis. Design: A quantitative questionnaire was completed immediately pre and post a single, 45 minute bout of moderate intensity exercise, consisting of the Brunel Universal Mood States (BRUMS) questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSE). Methods: Participants attending a mental health hospital with a clinical mental health diagnosis (N = 54) completed the questionnaire. Information regarding physical activity levels, mental health diagnosis and length of hospital stay were collated. Results: A significant improvement was identified on the RSE as well as the BRUMS (depression, anger, confusion, anxious tension and vigour) over time. Conclusion: The significant findings highlight the importance of exercise promotion within this population group, and the potentially beneficial role that a single bout of exercise can have on mood and self-esteem in patients experiencing mental health problems.展开更多
The study aims to examine the role of mastery and self-esteem as a potential mediator of the relationship of meaning in life and well-being among older Chinese stroke survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted i...The study aims to examine the role of mastery and self-esteem as a potential mediator of the relationship of meaning in life and well-being among older Chinese stroke survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 214 community-dwelling older stroke survivors (128 men and 86 women), ranging from 60 years to 88 years old. The meaning in life, mastery, self-esteem and subjective well-being were measured. The results indicated that: 1) The meaning in life and subjective well-being of stroke survivors were significantly positive correlated;2) Mastery and self-esteem played partial mediating roles between existential vacuum and subjective well-being;Self-esteem played full a mediating role between suffer acceptance and subjective well-being;Mastery played a full mediating role between life control and subjective well-being;Mastery played a partial mediating role between death acceptance and subjective well-being;Self-esteem also played a partial mediating role between mastery and subjective well-being.展开更多
Self-esteem is an important factor in the rise of depression cases among children and adolescents. In order to build self-esteem, it is important for parents to respect their children, acknowledge their value, and alw...Self-esteem is an important factor in the rise of depression cases among children and adolescents. In order to build self-esteem, it is important for parents to respect their children, acknowledge their value, and always encourage them, as well as for teachers to acknowledge their character and ability, in addition to allowing them to experience success. At the same time, voices calling for parents and teachers to rediscover their willingness and responsibility to scold children when necessary have also been growing. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the association between self-esteem and the way of scolding. With 311 university students as the study subjects, self-esteem and the relevant factors thereof were evaluated. As a result, no association was observed between the way of being scolded and self-esteem. Moreover, the reasons for being scolded were also not associated with self-esteem. However, regarding the association between the degree of acceptance (convinced by the way of being scolded) and self-esteem, it was revealed that student groups with higher self-esteem had a higher degree of acceptance. This suggested that self-esteem is associated with whether or not the people being scolded are convinced, as opposed to the way of being scolded or the reason for being scolded. Therefore, it was suggested that building a good relationship with those you scold is more important than the way of scolding.展开更多
In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to...In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to attach great importance to the mental health of nurses. Self-esteem, as one of the core indicators of individual mental health, has received extensive attention from researchers in different fields since its inception. This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and development trends of nurses' selfesteem considering the aspects of self-esteem as a concept, assessment tools, significance, and intervention methods. At the same time, it also puts forward problems that need to be solved by undertaking research into nurses' self-esteem, in order to provide a reference for further studies on nurses' self-esteem.展开更多
Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physica...Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.展开更多
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is widely known in our society. The symptoms of PTSD are particularly believed to occur predominantly in children. We believe that Yogo teachers, who play a role in maintaining an...Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is widely known in our society. The symptoms of PTSD are particularly believed to occur predominantly in children. We believe that Yogo teachers, who play a role in maintaining and promoting the health of children, are expected to provide appropriate support for children with a tendency for PTSD. In this study, we investigated the tendency for PTSD in students at University, as well as self-esteem related to depression and anxiety. Furthermore, we clarified the relationship between PTSD and self-esteem and examined the support provided by Yogo teachers. As a result, it was found that the higher the tendency for PTSD, the lower the self-esteem. We believe that the onset of PTSD causes a decline in memory ability and attentional function, which interferes with one’s life and leads to self-denial, resulting in a decline in self-esteem among those with a high tendency for PTSD. These results suggest that Yogo teachers should provide support to prevent the onset of PTSD in child students due to accidents, incidents, natural disasters, etc., as well as support to prevent the decline in self-esteem associated with the onset of PTSD.展开更多
This research investigates the effectiveness of life skills training on enhancing the self-esteem of 8-16 years-old students with hearing impairment in inclusive schools. The sample was included of 54 students with he...This research investigates the effectiveness of life skills training on enhancing the self-esteem of 8-16 years-old students with hearing impairment in inclusive schools. The sample was included of 54 students with hearing impairment from inclusive school whom their age and IQ were matched. They were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group (27 students in each group). The participants were assessed by Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory (58-items version). The gathered data were analysed using the t-test method through the SPSS package. The results showed that training life skills to students with hearing impairment promote their self-esteem. In other words, life skills training is effective for enhancing the self-esteem of hearing impaired students in inclusive schools.展开更多
The theory of false alarm for laughter could explain the involuntary laugh when someone is tickled. To put this hypothesis to the test, we handed out a questionnaire (180 items) with two hundred university students. O...The theory of false alarm for laughter could explain the involuntary laugh when someone is tickled. To put this hypothesis to the test, we handed out a questionnaire (180 items) with two hundred university students. Our main results are: In women who like being tickled, we discover components related to pleasure, erotism, feeling of affection, arousal, uncontrollability, domination, sexism and Darwinian (golden ratio) and psychological traits (empathy, low schizotypy and external locus of control) that are not present in the laughter at a stumble. The relation of both types of laughter with sense of humor is also differential. In men who like being tickled, we discover components related to masturbation, sexual fantasies, erotism, arousal, domination, sexist humour and Darwinian (square chin, feeling of masculinity) and psychological traits (empathic stress, low schizotypy, external locus of control and overall self-esteem). The relationship between being tickled and self-esteem shows a double aspect in men: It is positive in men who like being tickled and negative in men who do not like being tickled. For women there is not a relationship between self-esteem and tickling. Our conclusion is that laughter of ticklishness is a Darwinian feature related to empathy.展开更多
Background: Childhood psychological maltreatment in the country paralyses children personal career integration, national development and achievement of plans laid in a given country. In most of the time, psychological...Background: Childhood psychological maltreatment in the country paralyses children personal career integration, national development and achievement of plans laid in a given country. In most of the time, psychological maltreatment is masked within other form of child abuse and neglect when they co exit. Knowing the prevalence of childhood psychological maltreatment and the impact associated with trauma of psychological maltreatment synergize the existing evidence-based interventions that are applied to prevent psychological maltreatment. If it is left unattended childhood psychological maltreatment might lead to mental and psychological problems. This study investigates psychological maltreatment: prevalence and its relationship with psychological stress and self-esteem among school students in Tanzania and China. Methods: Participants were selected by multistage cluster sampling respectively in China and Tanzania. In China, participants were recruited randomly from four middle schools in two cities, Xiaogan and Ezhou. In Tanzania, participants were recruited randomly from seven secondary schools in five regions, Kilimanjaro, Tanga, Iringa, Mtwara and Dar es Salaam. Adverse Childhood Experience questionnaire (ACE), Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) were used to gather data. Results: The sample consisted of 555 (55.5%) female and 445 (45.5%) male (N = 1000) of Tanzanian school students, On the other hand in China the sample size was 3193. Female students were 1650 (51.7%) as compared to male 1543 (48.3%). The average self-esteem score of student in Tanzania was (26.14% ± 7.45 std deviation) and in China was (22.12 ± 4.734 std deviation), in Tanzania male have higher 392 (55.3%) self-esteem scores as compared female 317 (44.7), while in China results showed that female have higher self-esteem 1223 (50.2%) than male 1211 (49.8%). There was a strong positive correlation between psychological maltreatment and self-esteem (r = 0.55, p −0.086, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Psychological maltreatment is prevalent in our setting and statistically significant positively affected self-esteem among Tanzanian and China adolescents and is associated with high levels of psychological distress during adolescence. Moreover, exposure to psychological maltreatment during childhood was found to be associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress in adolescence. Urgent preventive measures aiming at reducing the incidence of childhood psychological maltreatment is necessary to lessen the incidence of low self-esteem and psychological distress among Tanzanian and China adolescents.展开更多
The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of Reminiscence Cognitive Behavior Therapy (RCBT) for improvement of spiritual well-being and self-esteem in patients. Five patients received the therapy over thre...The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of Reminiscence Cognitive Behavior Therapy (RCBT) for improvement of spiritual well-being and self-esteem in patients. Five patients received the therapy over three sessions. The patients received RCBT consisting of reminiscence therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. They completed the FACIT-Sp, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem scale, numeric rating scales for Suffering (from 0 to 6) and Depression (from 0 to 6). The FACIT-Sp scores increased from 19.2 ± 4.6 to 26 ± 1.6 (Z = –1.8, p = 0.078, n = 5), the Self-Esteem scores significantly increased from 40.0 ± 2.5 to 45.2 ± 2.4 (Z = –2.0, p = 0.042), the Suffering scores decreased from 3.6 ± 2.0 to 2.0 (Z = –1.5, p = 0.13), and the Depression scores decreased from 2.8 ± 2.2 to 1.8 ± 0.8 (Z = –0.9, p = 0.357). These results suggest that RCBT can improve the spiritual well-being and self-esteem of cancer patients.展开更多
This study aimed to clarify the amount of physical activity, lifestyle, and self-esteem of elementary school students living in Aomori Prefecture Japan. The subjects were ninety-one elementary school students in the 4...This study aimed to clarify the amount of physical activity, lifestyle, and self-esteem of elementary school students living in Aomori Prefecture Japan. The subjects were ninety-one elementary school students in the 4th to 6th grades who live in A town. The subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire about lifestyles and self-esteem and to wear the lifestyle-related recorder Life Coder GS<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>®</sup></span></span> (Suzuken, Japan) for a total of four days, two weekdays and two holidays. The results showed the amount of exercise such as the number of steps taken was significantly higher on weekdays than on holidays. There was no difference by gender or classification of obesity. In addition, when they go to school on foot, the number of steps and fast walking time was significantly higher than when using the bus. Screen times of holidays were significantly longer than those of weekdays. The number of steps on holidays was negatively correlated with screen time, and positively correlated with the factor of “self-assertion/self-determination” of self-esteem scale. Health promotion is needed so that the entire community, including family and friends, can develop daily physical activities.展开更多
The aim of this mixed-methods exploratory study was to examine the relationship between narcissism, self-esteem and Instagram usage and was motivated by unsubstantiated media claims of increasing narcissism due to exc...The aim of this mixed-methods exploratory study was to examine the relationship between narcissism, self-esteem and Instagram usage and was motivated by unsubstantiated media claims of increasing narcissism due to excessive use of social networks. A sample of 200 participants responded to an online survey which consisted of the Five Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, and the Instagram Usage, Behaviours, and Affective Responses Questionnaire (IUBARQ) constructed specifically for the purposes of this study. There was only weak evidence for any relationship between narcissism and Instagram usage, suggesting that media concerns are somewhat exaggerated. However the negative correlation between vulnerable narcissism and self-esteem warrants further examination.展开更多
Children with urogenital malformation or bowel disturbances are a vulnerable group and are at risk of experiencing ill health. At school they have to face and cope with situations they are unused to and often feel exc...Children with urogenital malformation or bowel disturbances are a vulnerable group and are at risk of experiencing ill health. At school they have to face and cope with situations they are unused to and often feel excluded. There is a lack of studies investigating prevention of ill health in this group of children. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the health/well-being and self-esteem, before and after a one-year intervention comprising person-centred, web-based learning support, in preschool children born with malformations in the urethra, bladder, genitals and/or bowel. Study design: Nine boys and one girl participated, aged 3 - 7 years (study group) with diagnoses of epispadia, bladder exstrophy, urethra valves and Hirschprung’s disease. Two questionnaires were used, developed to measure index of health/wellbeing and self-esteem in younger children. In the study group, the interviews were repeated after one year. The group was compared with a control group of 20 healthy, age-matched children. Results: Before the intervention, there were no differences in wellbeing (Children condition index) between the study group and the control group. One year after the start of the web-based preschool, wellbeing in the study group had slightly improved, but not significantly compared to before the intervention. No significant difference was found compared to the control group. When measured self-esteem (I think I am) before the intervention, the study group had significantly better self-esteem compared to the control group. One year later, there was a slight improvement in self-esteem, but two children scored worse in the domain Psychological wellbeing. In comparison with the group of healthy children, the self-esteem in the study group was better for total sum (p = 0.0002). Discussion: Wellbeing and self-esteem seem to be good in children aged 3 - 7 years with uro-genital and bowel malformations, according to the findings of this study. This is better than reports concerning older children. Despite high initial values compared to healthy children, continued, but not significant, improvement in wellbeing and self-esteem was shown one year after intervention. Conclusions: The results of the intervention aimed at promoting health, wellbeing and self-esteem are promising but a longer-term follow-up in a larger group of children is needed.展开更多
文摘In the past several decades,the cognitive skills in language learning have been put more attention to than emo-tions.While it should be noted that language learning often involves strong positive or negative emotions.Lack of positive emotionin language learning will lead to severe discount of the cognitive competence.This article is intended to discuss the influence ofemotion,especially self-esteem,on motivation in language learning from Schumann’s neurobiological perspective,and the implica-tion of self-esteem for language teaching—how to enhance learners’self-esteem,to promote their motivation,hence to guidethem to step into their next zone of proximal development in both academic performance and social skills and become whole per-sons responsible for our society.
文摘Self-esteem is one of personality traits in the process of language learning.There is a close relationship between the level of self-esteem and language learning achievements.The purpose of the study is to discuss the relationship between EFL self-esteem and English achievements in the process of their English learning.The study also shows that EFL self-esteem can influence English achievements.On the other hand,English achievements can influence EFL self-esteem too.Based on the research,some methods are proposed to help strengthen students' EFL self-esteem and improve their English achievement.
文摘Aim: To investigate the flaccid and stretched penile sizes of young Korean men and their complexes or pride about their penile size. Methods: After an explanation and agreement to the purpose and methods of this study, 123 Korean men in their early 20's visiting the Jinhae Military General Hospital were included in the study. The flaccid penile length, flaccid mid-shaft circumference, stretched length and pre-pubic bone fat pad depth were measured in a warm comfortable environment. The accuracy the subjects assessed their penile size was investigated by asking them to rate their penile size, as 'very small', 'small', 'normal', 'large' or 'very large'. All subjects were asked to complete the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) test. Results: The mean flaccid length, flaccid circumference, stretched length and fat pad depth of the 123 subjects were (6.9 ± 0.8) cm, (8.5 ±1.1) cm, (9.6 ± 0.8) cm and (1.1 ± 0.4) cm, respectively. The answer distribution on penile size was 1 (0.8 %) 'very small', 29 (23.6 %) 'small', 86 (69.9 %) 'normal', 6 (4.9 %) 'large' and 1 (0.8 %) 'very large'. Subjects who underestimated their penile size showed significantly higher scores on the hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D) and psychasthenia (Pt) subscales of the MMPI than those in the Unbiased Group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In consultation, with a patient requesting penile augmentation, the urologist should consider the psychologic attitude of the patient to his penile size.
文摘Objectives: Research has highlighted the importance of regular exercise within the general population and mental health groups in regard to mood and self-esteem, as well as single bout exercise within the general population. However, research into single bout exercise in mental health population is lacking. This study investigated the impact of a single bout of exercise, on mood and self-esteem, in patients with a wider clinical mental health diagnosis. Design: A quantitative questionnaire was completed immediately pre and post a single, 45 minute bout of moderate intensity exercise, consisting of the Brunel Universal Mood States (BRUMS) questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSE). Methods: Participants attending a mental health hospital with a clinical mental health diagnosis (N = 54) completed the questionnaire. Information regarding physical activity levels, mental health diagnosis and length of hospital stay were collated. Results: A significant improvement was identified on the RSE as well as the BRUMS (depression, anger, confusion, anxious tension and vigour) over time. Conclusion: The significant findings highlight the importance of exercise promotion within this population group, and the potentially beneficial role that a single bout of exercise can have on mood and self-esteem in patients experiencing mental health problems.
文摘The study aims to examine the role of mastery and self-esteem as a potential mediator of the relationship of meaning in life and well-being among older Chinese stroke survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 214 community-dwelling older stroke survivors (128 men and 86 women), ranging from 60 years to 88 years old. The meaning in life, mastery, self-esteem and subjective well-being were measured. The results indicated that: 1) The meaning in life and subjective well-being of stroke survivors were significantly positive correlated;2) Mastery and self-esteem played partial mediating roles between existential vacuum and subjective well-being;Self-esteem played full a mediating role between suffer acceptance and subjective well-being;Mastery played a full mediating role between life control and subjective well-being;Mastery played a partial mediating role between death acceptance and subjective well-being;Self-esteem also played a partial mediating role between mastery and subjective well-being.
文摘Self-esteem is an important factor in the rise of depression cases among children and adolescents. In order to build self-esteem, it is important for parents to respect their children, acknowledge their value, and always encourage them, as well as for teachers to acknowledge their character and ability, in addition to allowing them to experience success. At the same time, voices calling for parents and teachers to rediscover their willingness and responsibility to scold children when necessary have also been growing. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the association between self-esteem and the way of scolding. With 311 university students as the study subjects, self-esteem and the relevant factors thereof were evaluated. As a result, no association was observed between the way of being scolded and self-esteem. Moreover, the reasons for being scolded were also not associated with self-esteem. However, regarding the association between the degree of acceptance (convinced by the way of being scolded) and self-esteem, it was revealed that student groups with higher self-esteem had a higher degree of acceptance. This suggested that self-esteem is associated with whether or not the people being scolded are convinced, as opposed to the way of being scolded or the reason for being scolded. Therefore, it was suggested that building a good relationship with those you scold is more important than the way of scolding.
文摘In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to attach great importance to the mental health of nurses. Self-esteem, as one of the core indicators of individual mental health, has received extensive attention from researchers in different fields since its inception. This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and development trends of nurses' selfesteem considering the aspects of self-esteem as a concept, assessment tools, significance, and intervention methods. At the same time, it also puts forward problems that need to be solved by undertaking research into nurses' self-esteem, in order to provide a reference for further studies on nurses' self-esteem.
文摘Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.
文摘Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is widely known in our society. The symptoms of PTSD are particularly believed to occur predominantly in children. We believe that Yogo teachers, who play a role in maintaining and promoting the health of children, are expected to provide appropriate support for children with a tendency for PTSD. In this study, we investigated the tendency for PTSD in students at University, as well as self-esteem related to depression and anxiety. Furthermore, we clarified the relationship between PTSD and self-esteem and examined the support provided by Yogo teachers. As a result, it was found that the higher the tendency for PTSD, the lower the self-esteem. We believe that the onset of PTSD causes a decline in memory ability and attentional function, which interferes with one’s life and leads to self-denial, resulting in a decline in self-esteem among those with a high tendency for PTSD. These results suggest that Yogo teachers should provide support to prevent the onset of PTSD in child students due to accidents, incidents, natural disasters, etc., as well as support to prevent the decline in self-esteem associated with the onset of PTSD.
文摘This research investigates the effectiveness of life skills training on enhancing the self-esteem of 8-16 years-old students with hearing impairment in inclusive schools. The sample was included of 54 students with hearing impairment from inclusive school whom their age and IQ were matched. They were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group (27 students in each group). The participants were assessed by Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory (58-items version). The gathered data were analysed using the t-test method through the SPSS package. The results showed that training life skills to students with hearing impairment promote their self-esteem. In other words, life skills training is effective for enhancing the self-esteem of hearing impaired students in inclusive schools.
文摘The theory of false alarm for laughter could explain the involuntary laugh when someone is tickled. To put this hypothesis to the test, we handed out a questionnaire (180 items) with two hundred university students. Our main results are: In women who like being tickled, we discover components related to pleasure, erotism, feeling of affection, arousal, uncontrollability, domination, sexism and Darwinian (golden ratio) and psychological traits (empathy, low schizotypy and external locus of control) that are not present in the laughter at a stumble. The relation of both types of laughter with sense of humor is also differential. In men who like being tickled, we discover components related to masturbation, sexual fantasies, erotism, arousal, domination, sexist humour and Darwinian (square chin, feeling of masculinity) and psychological traits (empathic stress, low schizotypy, external locus of control and overall self-esteem). The relationship between being tickled and self-esteem shows a double aspect in men: It is positive in men who like being tickled and negative in men who do not like being tickled. For women there is not a relationship between self-esteem and tickling. Our conclusion is that laughter of ticklishness is a Darwinian feature related to empathy.
文摘Background: Childhood psychological maltreatment in the country paralyses children personal career integration, national development and achievement of plans laid in a given country. In most of the time, psychological maltreatment is masked within other form of child abuse and neglect when they co exit. Knowing the prevalence of childhood psychological maltreatment and the impact associated with trauma of psychological maltreatment synergize the existing evidence-based interventions that are applied to prevent psychological maltreatment. If it is left unattended childhood psychological maltreatment might lead to mental and psychological problems. This study investigates psychological maltreatment: prevalence and its relationship with psychological stress and self-esteem among school students in Tanzania and China. Methods: Participants were selected by multistage cluster sampling respectively in China and Tanzania. In China, participants were recruited randomly from four middle schools in two cities, Xiaogan and Ezhou. In Tanzania, participants were recruited randomly from seven secondary schools in five regions, Kilimanjaro, Tanga, Iringa, Mtwara and Dar es Salaam. Adverse Childhood Experience questionnaire (ACE), Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) were used to gather data. Results: The sample consisted of 555 (55.5%) female and 445 (45.5%) male (N = 1000) of Tanzanian school students, On the other hand in China the sample size was 3193. Female students were 1650 (51.7%) as compared to male 1543 (48.3%). The average self-esteem score of student in Tanzania was (26.14% ± 7.45 std deviation) and in China was (22.12 ± 4.734 std deviation), in Tanzania male have higher 392 (55.3%) self-esteem scores as compared female 317 (44.7), while in China results showed that female have higher self-esteem 1223 (50.2%) than male 1211 (49.8%). There was a strong positive correlation between psychological maltreatment and self-esteem (r = 0.55, p −0.086, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Psychological maltreatment is prevalent in our setting and statistically significant positively affected self-esteem among Tanzanian and China adolescents and is associated with high levels of psychological distress during adolescence. Moreover, exposure to psychological maltreatment during childhood was found to be associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress in adolescence. Urgent preventive measures aiming at reducing the incidence of childhood psychological maltreatment is necessary to lessen the incidence of low self-esteem and psychological distress among Tanzanian and China adolescents.
文摘The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of Reminiscence Cognitive Behavior Therapy (RCBT) for improvement of spiritual well-being and self-esteem in patients. Five patients received the therapy over three sessions. The patients received RCBT consisting of reminiscence therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. They completed the FACIT-Sp, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem scale, numeric rating scales for Suffering (from 0 to 6) and Depression (from 0 to 6). The FACIT-Sp scores increased from 19.2 ± 4.6 to 26 ± 1.6 (Z = –1.8, p = 0.078, n = 5), the Self-Esteem scores significantly increased from 40.0 ± 2.5 to 45.2 ± 2.4 (Z = –2.0, p = 0.042), the Suffering scores decreased from 3.6 ± 2.0 to 2.0 (Z = –1.5, p = 0.13), and the Depression scores decreased from 2.8 ± 2.2 to 1.8 ± 0.8 (Z = –0.9, p = 0.357). These results suggest that RCBT can improve the spiritual well-being and self-esteem of cancer patients.
文摘This study aimed to clarify the amount of physical activity, lifestyle, and self-esteem of elementary school students living in Aomori Prefecture Japan. The subjects were ninety-one elementary school students in the 4th to 6th grades who live in A town. The subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire about lifestyles and self-esteem and to wear the lifestyle-related recorder Life Coder GS<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>®</sup></span></span> (Suzuken, Japan) for a total of four days, two weekdays and two holidays. The results showed the amount of exercise such as the number of steps taken was significantly higher on weekdays than on holidays. There was no difference by gender or classification of obesity. In addition, when they go to school on foot, the number of steps and fast walking time was significantly higher than when using the bus. Screen times of holidays were significantly longer than those of weekdays. The number of steps on holidays was negatively correlated with screen time, and positively correlated with the factor of “self-assertion/self-determination” of self-esteem scale. Health promotion is needed so that the entire community, including family and friends, can develop daily physical activities.
文摘The aim of this mixed-methods exploratory study was to examine the relationship between narcissism, self-esteem and Instagram usage and was motivated by unsubstantiated media claims of increasing narcissism due to excessive use of social networks. A sample of 200 participants responded to an online survey which consisted of the Five Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, and the Instagram Usage, Behaviours, and Affective Responses Questionnaire (IUBARQ) constructed specifically for the purposes of this study. There was only weak evidence for any relationship between narcissism and Instagram usage, suggesting that media concerns are somewhat exaggerated. However the negative correlation between vulnerable narcissism and self-esteem warrants further examination.
文摘Children with urogenital malformation or bowel disturbances are a vulnerable group and are at risk of experiencing ill health. At school they have to face and cope with situations they are unused to and often feel excluded. There is a lack of studies investigating prevention of ill health in this group of children. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the health/well-being and self-esteem, before and after a one-year intervention comprising person-centred, web-based learning support, in preschool children born with malformations in the urethra, bladder, genitals and/or bowel. Study design: Nine boys and one girl participated, aged 3 - 7 years (study group) with diagnoses of epispadia, bladder exstrophy, urethra valves and Hirschprung’s disease. Two questionnaires were used, developed to measure index of health/wellbeing and self-esteem in younger children. In the study group, the interviews were repeated after one year. The group was compared with a control group of 20 healthy, age-matched children. Results: Before the intervention, there were no differences in wellbeing (Children condition index) between the study group and the control group. One year after the start of the web-based preschool, wellbeing in the study group had slightly improved, but not significantly compared to before the intervention. No significant difference was found compared to the control group. When measured self-esteem (I think I am) before the intervention, the study group had significantly better self-esteem compared to the control group. One year later, there was a slight improvement in self-esteem, but two children scored worse in the domain Psychological wellbeing. In comparison with the group of healthy children, the self-esteem in the study group was better for total sum (p = 0.0002). Discussion: Wellbeing and self-esteem seem to be good in children aged 3 - 7 years with uro-genital and bowel malformations, according to the findings of this study. This is better than reports concerning older children. Despite high initial values compared to healthy children, continued, but not significant, improvement in wellbeing and self-esteem was shown one year after intervention. Conclusions: The results of the intervention aimed at promoting health, wellbeing and self-esteem are promising but a longer-term follow-up in a larger group of children is needed.
