Acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP） receives echoes from sound scatterers, then their speed is calcu- lated by the Doppler effect. In the open ocean, most of these backscatterers are from the plankton. The soun...Acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP） receives echoes from sound scatterers, then their speed is calcu- lated by the Doppler effect. In the open ocean, most of these backscatterers are from the plankton. The sound scatterers descend down to depth at around dawn, their mean speed is 2.9 cm/s, then they ascend up to the surface layer at around dusk with a mean speed of 2.1 cm/s, in the Luzon Strait. The descending speed is faster, which suggests that this zooplankton population may accelerate its downward migration under the action of the gravity. The vertical distribution of a mean volume backscattering strength （MVB- S） in the nighttime has two peaks, which locate near the upper and lower boundary layers of halocline, respectively. However, the backscatterers only aggregate near the surface layer in the daytime. The diel ver- tical migration （DVM） of sound scatterers has several characteristic patterns, it is stronger in summer, but weaker in winter, and the maximum peak occurs in September. The DVM occurrence is synchronous with the seawater temperature increasing at around dawn and dusk, it may affect the ocean mixing and water stratification,展开更多
Acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP） uses acoustic energy directed along narrow beams for current measurement. In conventional method, the quantity of sampling affects the precision of fast Fourier transform （...Acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP） uses acoustic energy directed along narrow beams for current measurement. In conventional method, the quantity of sampling affects the precision of fast Fourier transform （FFT） algorithm, and the algorithm needs a large amount of data to process. A novel frequency estimator.enhanced least mean square （ELMS） algorithm for a single complex sinusoid in complex white Gaussian noise, is proposed in ADCP system. As sampling frequency equals 120 krad/s and the sampling number equals 240. the minimum resolving is 0. 5 krad/s. All variances keep 11.11%. ELMS algorithm needs less data than FFT. And the robust algorithm can estimate the spectrum true value to 99.9% when the signal to noise ratio （SNR） is equal to 0 dB. Experiments prove that the estimation values will diverge much from the ideal when SNR is less than -6 dB.展开更多
Three long-term fixed acoustic Doppler current profilers were first used for investigating the vertical structure of tidal currents in Xuliujing Section of Changjiang River Estuary.Moreover,three different periods(spr...Three long-term fixed acoustic Doppler current profilers were first used for investigating the vertical structure of tidal currents in Xuliujing Section of Changjiang River Estuary.Moreover,three different periods(spring,summer and fall)were also considered for investigating seasonal variations.The semi-diurnal tides were the most energetic,with along-channel speed of up to 80 cm/s for M_(2)constituent,which dominates at all stations with percent energy up to 65%–75%during seasons.The shape of tidal ellipses of the most energetic semi-diurnal constituent M_(2)showed obvious polarization of the flow paralleling to the riverbank,with the minor semi-axis being generally less than 20%of the major one.The maximum velocity of mean current is appeared in top layers at all the three stations,and the velocity decreased with the depth.The seasonal variations of direction are also observed,which is probably caused by complex local topography since the erosion and deposition in riverbed.Observed vertical variation of four parameters of M_(2)ellipses,agreed well with the optimally fit frictional solutions in top and middle layers.However,there was an obvious difference between frictional model and observed data in the lower water column.Discrepancies are probably on account of stratification,which strengthens in summer and fall due to the freshening influence of the Changjiang River Estuary outflow.展开更多
声学多普勒流速剖面仪(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,ADCP)对河流进行流量测量时,ADCP一般采用底跟踪模式(以河底为参考系)获得流速、断面面积,进而获得当前流域的流量,但当河流存在大量走沙(“动底”)情况时,底跟踪速度缺少顺水...声学多普勒流速剖面仪(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,ADCP)对河流进行流量测量时,ADCP一般采用底跟踪模式(以河底为参考系)获得流速、断面面积,进而获得当前流域的流量,但当河流存在大量走沙(“动底”)情况时,底跟踪速度缺少顺水流分量,致使底跟踪轨迹向上游偏移底跟踪速度偏小,进而导致流量偏小。文章通过对动底原理进行分析、对动底测量方法中的回路法进行研究,提出一种基于GGA的全球定位信息系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)模式下平均动底速度测量方法以及两种动底流量补偿方法,并利用实测数据进行分析验证,结果表明本文提出的动底速度测量方法及动底流量补偿方法对“动底”检测与补偿有显著的效果。展开更多
Current data from three moored Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) deployed in the southern Yellow Sea at sites A (1-24.17°E, 34.82°N), B (122.82°E, 35.65°N) in summer 2001 and site C (120.85°E,...Current data from three moored Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) deployed in the southern Yellow Sea at sites A (1-24.17°E, 34.82°N), B (122.82°E, 35.65°N) in summer 2001 and site C (120.85°E, 34.99°N) in summer 2003 were analyzed in this paper. Features of the tidal and residual currents were studied with rotary spectral and cross-spectral methods. Main achievements were as follows: 1) Tides dominated the currents. At sites A and B, the semidiurnal tidal current was basically homogeneous in the whole depth, taking a clockwise rotation at site A, and near-rectilinear counterclockwise rotation at site B; while the diurnal tidal current was strong and clockwise near the surface, but decreased and turned counterclockwise with depth; at site C, semidiurnal tidal current dominated and diurnal current took the second, both of which were counterclockwise and vertically homogeneous. Inertial motion contributed to the clockwise component of diurnal fluctuations; 2) The 3-5d fluctuation of residual current was found at site C and attributed to the response of current to meridional wind, with a lag time of approximately 1.8d; 3) Mean residual flows at sites A and B in 2001 probably suggested an anticyclonic inner circulation in the middle of the southern Yellow Sea in summer.展开更多
结合CTD/LADCP(Conductivity-Temperature-Depth/Lowed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)观测实例,从作业海况、水下单元架构、水下姿态三方面分析研究下放式海洋观测中同轴铠装缆自缠绕/打结状况发现,仪器观测架在布放过程中存在旋...结合CTD/LADCP(Conductivity-Temperature-Depth/Lowed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)观测实例,从作业海况、水下单元架构、水下姿态三方面分析研究下放式海洋观测中同轴铠装缆自缠绕/打结状况发现,仪器观测架在布放过程中存在旋转现象,旋转产生的扭力作用于同轴铠装缆;扭力得不到释放,在海况较差的情况下极易造成同轴铠装缆的自缠绕/打结。为解决这些问题,本文进一步提出了一套实用的改进方案,在既保证能够在较差海况下作业、又不减少观测仪器的前提下,改进仪器观测架和同轴铠装缆的连接结构,同时增加机械转环及附属结构。观测实践证明,该方案可以有效避免与CTD/LADCP观测类似的下放式观测中同轴铠装缆因自缠绕造成的“打结”现象的出现,大大提高了现场观测效率,保证了仪器安全和数据顺利传输。该技术源自基本海洋观测实践,可为广大海洋调查工作者提供有益的借鉴。展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China under contract Nos 2007CB816003,2011CB403503 and 2012CB955601the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41176020 and 41176021the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,State Oeanic Administration,under contract Nos JT1006 and JG1009
文摘Acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP） receives echoes from sound scatterers, then their speed is calcu- lated by the Doppler effect. In the open ocean, most of these backscatterers are from the plankton. The sound scatterers descend down to depth at around dawn, their mean speed is 2.9 cm/s, then they ascend up to the surface layer at around dusk with a mean speed of 2.1 cm/s, in the Luzon Strait. The descending speed is faster, which suggests that this zooplankton population may accelerate its downward migration under the action of the gravity. The vertical distribution of a mean volume backscattering strength （MVB- S） in the nighttime has two peaks, which locate near the upper and lower boundary layers of halocline, respectively. However, the backscatterers only aggregate near the surface layer in the daytime. The diel ver- tical migration （DVM） of sound scatterers has several characteristic patterns, it is stronger in summer, but weaker in winter, and the maximum peak occurs in September. The DVM occurrence is synchronous with the seawater temperature increasing at around dawn and dusk, it may affect the ocean mixing and water stratification,
基金Supported by"863"Foundation of China (No.863-818-06-03).
文摘Acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP） uses acoustic energy directed along narrow beams for current measurement. In conventional method, the quantity of sampling affects the precision of fast Fourier transform （FFT） algorithm, and the algorithm needs a large amount of data to process. A novel frequency estimator.enhanced least mean square （ELMS） algorithm for a single complex sinusoid in complex white Gaussian noise, is proposed in ADCP system. As sampling frequency equals 120 krad/s and the sampling number equals 240. the minimum resolving is 0. 5 krad/s. All variances keep 11.11%. ELMS algorithm needs less data than FFT. And the robust algorithm can estimate the spectrum true value to 99.9% when the signal to noise ratio （SNR） is equal to 0 dB. Experiments prove that the estimation values will diverge much from the ideal when SNR is less than -6 dB.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41806114 and 42266006the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation under contract Nos 20202ACBL214019,20181BAB216031 and 20212BBE53031+2 种基金the Technological Innovation and Application Development in Chongqing under contract No.CSTB2022TIAD-GPX0016the Incentive and Guidance Project of Scientific Research Performance for Scientific Research Institutes in Chongqing under contract No.cstc2021jxjl120017the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application of Ministry of Natural Resources under contract Nos MESTA-2020-A002 and MESTA-2021-B001.
文摘Three long-term fixed acoustic Doppler current profilers were first used for investigating the vertical structure of tidal currents in Xuliujing Section of Changjiang River Estuary.Moreover,three different periods(spring,summer and fall)were also considered for investigating seasonal variations.The semi-diurnal tides were the most energetic,with along-channel speed of up to 80 cm/s for M_(2)constituent,which dominates at all stations with percent energy up to 65%–75%during seasons.The shape of tidal ellipses of the most energetic semi-diurnal constituent M_(2)showed obvious polarization of the flow paralleling to the riverbank,with the minor semi-axis being generally less than 20%of the major one.The maximum velocity of mean current is appeared in top layers at all the three stations,and the velocity decreased with the depth.The seasonal variations of direction are also observed,which is probably caused by complex local topography since the erosion and deposition in riverbed.Observed vertical variation of four parameters of M_(2)ellipses,agreed well with the optimally fit frictional solutions in top and middle layers.However,there was an obvious difference between frictional model and observed data in the lower water column.Discrepancies are probably on account of stratification,which strengthens in summer and fall due to the freshening influence of the Changjiang River Estuary outflow.
文摘Current data from three moored Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) deployed in the southern Yellow Sea at sites A (1-24.17°E, 34.82°N), B (122.82°E, 35.65°N) in summer 2001 and site C (120.85°E, 34.99°N) in summer 2003 were analyzed in this paper. Features of the tidal and residual currents were studied with rotary spectral and cross-spectral methods. Main achievements were as follows: 1) Tides dominated the currents. At sites A and B, the semidiurnal tidal current was basically homogeneous in the whole depth, taking a clockwise rotation at site A, and near-rectilinear counterclockwise rotation at site B; while the diurnal tidal current was strong and clockwise near the surface, but decreased and turned counterclockwise with depth; at site C, semidiurnal tidal current dominated and diurnal current took the second, both of which were counterclockwise and vertically homogeneous. Inertial motion contributed to the clockwise component of diurnal fluctuations; 2) The 3-5d fluctuation of residual current was found at site C and attributed to the response of current to meridional wind, with a lag time of approximately 1.8d; 3) Mean residual flows at sites A and B in 2001 probably suggested an anticyclonic inner circulation in the middle of the southern Yellow Sea in summer.
文摘结合CTD/LADCP(Conductivity-Temperature-Depth/Lowed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)观测实例,从作业海况、水下单元架构、水下姿态三方面分析研究下放式海洋观测中同轴铠装缆自缠绕/打结状况发现,仪器观测架在布放过程中存在旋转现象,旋转产生的扭力作用于同轴铠装缆;扭力得不到释放,在海况较差的情况下极易造成同轴铠装缆的自缠绕/打结。为解决这些问题,本文进一步提出了一套实用的改进方案,在既保证能够在较差海况下作业、又不减少观测仪器的前提下,改进仪器观测架和同轴铠装缆的连接结构,同时增加机械转环及附属结构。观测实践证明,该方案可以有效避免与CTD/LADCP观测类似的下放式观测中同轴铠装缆因自缠绕造成的“打结”现象的出现,大大提高了现场观测效率,保证了仪器安全和数据顺利传输。该技术源自基本海洋观测实践,可为广大海洋调查工作者提供有益的借鉴。
