Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is able to induce various benign and malignant liver lesions in rats with a high success rate and a low mortality rate. It provides a more appropriate model that better simulates the various ...Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is able to induce various benign and malignant liver lesions in rats with a high success rate and a low mortality rate. It provides a more appropriate model that better simulates the various lesions occurring in humans than the usual model of tumor implantations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MRI liver examination in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats as a routine method to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules induced by DENA and to follow up their growth. METHODS:Hepatic carcinogenesis was induced in 80 male SD rats using oral DENA solution. All animals were imaged for liver tumor detection with a 1.5 Tesla magnet (Siemens Sonata,Erlangen, Germany) using correspondence scan parameters and a radio-frequency knee coil. Macroscopic examinations were performed along the axial MRI sections to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and histopathological assessment was also performed. RESULTS:No false negative results were obtained on MR images. Hepatic tumors in 72 rats were confirmed macro-scopically and 68 rats were detected by MRI till the 20th week. The smallest and the largest nodules detected by MRI were 2 mm and 37 mm in diameter respectively. The agreement rate of MRI with macroscopic observation was 39. 1% and 97. 4% respectively for 2 mm to 5 mm and more than 5 mm nodules. CONCLUSIONS:The hepatic tumor induced by DENA provides a more representative range of tumors for imaging diagnosis and interventional treatment. MRI is the best approach for scrutinizing pathological changes of rat livers in the period of observation.展开更多
Objective: To explore the differences of obese Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats model induced by lard oil high-fat(HF)diet or purified HF diet. Methods: SD weanling rats were randomly divided into three groups: D1 group,where r...Objective: To explore the differences of obese Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats model induced by lard oil high-fat(HF)diet or purified HF diet. Methods: SD weanling rats were randomly divided into three groups: D1 group,where rats were fed by lard oil HF diet;D2 group,where rats were fed by purified HF diet;C group,where rats were fed on chow. After 12 weeks,diet-induced obesity rat(stop 33% based on weight)were selected for further study,and the rest rats from group D1 and D2 were excluded. The food intake and weight were weighted daily and weekly,respectively. The subcutaneous,visceral and total fat contents of rats was measured by 256-row CT scan and the Lee index was calculated accordingly. The kidney,liver,testis,spleen and heart were weighted respectively. Serum leptin and insulin levels were quantified. The pathology in liver and adipose tissues were analyzed by HE staining. Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)was used to compare the glucose tolerance ability. Serum total cholestero(lT-CHO),high density lipoprotein(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),triglyceride(TG)and inflammatory cytokines IL-6,TNF-α were detected as well. Results: After 12 weeks,the body weight,subcutaneous fat,visceral fat,total fat mass,wet weight of liver,kidney and heart,area under blood glucose curve and the levels of serum insulin,leptin,T-CHO,LDL-C,TG,IL-6 and TNF-α in group D2 were significantly increased compared to those of group C and group D1. HDL-C of group D2 was markedly lower than that in group C(P<0. 05). The visceral fat,total fat content and HDL-C in group D1 were significantly different from those of group C(P<0. 05). Steatosis and enlarged adipocyte were found in the livers of rats in group D1 and D2,and the lesions were more significant in group D2. Conclusion: Purified HF diet was more effective in inducing metabolic abnormalities,steatosis,peripheral chronic inflammation in obese SD rat models. But lard oil HF diet was more economical when only inducing visceral steatosis was required.展开更多
Action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kineti...Action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kinetics.Most learning and memory studies at the single-neuron level have relied on the use of animal models,most notably rodents.Here,we studied AP initiation and propagation in cultured hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and C57BL/6(C57)mice with genetically encoded voltage indicator(GEVI)-based voltage imaging.Our data showed that APs traveled bidirectionally in neurons from both species;forward-propagating APs(fpAPs)had a different speed than backpropagating APs(bpAPs).Additionally,we observed distinct AP propagation characteristics in AISs emerging from the somatic envelope compared to those originating from dendrites.Compared with rat neurons,mouse neurons exhibited higher bpAP speed and lower fpAP speed,more distally located ankyrin G(AnkG)in AISs,and longer Nav1.2 lengths in AISs.Moreover,during AIS plasticity,AnkG and Nav1.2 showed distal shifts in location and shorter lengths of labeled AISs in rat neurons;in mouse neurons,however,they showed a longer AnkG-labeled length and more distal Nav1.2 location.Our findings suggest that hippocampal neurons in SD rats and C57 mice may have different AP propagation speeds,different AnkG and Nav1.2 patterns in the AIS,and different AIS plasticity properties,indicating that comparisons between these species must be carefully considered.展开更多
This communication presents a new method of detecting the behaviour pattern in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats based on the measurement of the dielectric properties of blood plasma at microwave frequencies at different perio...This communication presents a new method of detecting the behaviour pattern in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats based on the measurement of the dielectric properties of blood plasma at microwave frequencies at different periods of time. The microwave measurements were performed by rectangular cavity perturbation method in the S-band of microwave frequency with the blood plasma collected from normal rats (Controls) as well as chemically induced rats (Aβ). A change is observed in the dielectric properties of the Aβsamples but not the controls samples at the extended period of time. This measurement technique is simple and the collection of blood from the rats is nonsurgical in nature. These results prove a new method of diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) using microwave techniques.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of Xin-Nao-Xue-Mai-Ning(XNXMN)on hypothyroidism in SD rats and explore the effect of IRE1-XBP1 signaling pathway on hypothyroidism in rats,and to analyze the possible mechanism of X...Objective:To investigate the effect of Xin-Nao-Xue-Mai-Ning(XNXMN)on hypothyroidism in SD rats and explore the effect of IRE1-XBP1 signaling pathway on hypothyroidism in rats,and to analyze the possible mechanism of XNXMN in the treatment of hypothyroidism.Method:Twenty-four male SD rats were given a 0.1%concentration of propylthiouracil(PTU)solution by gavage every day to establish a hypothyroidism animal model.After the completion of the model building,intervention with XNXMN.Observe the general conditions of rats,serum triiodothyronine(T3),tetraiodothyronine(T4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)levels,X box binding protein 1(XBP-1)protein expression level,and perform statistical analysis.Results:XNXMN can improve the general condition of hypothyroidism rats,reduce serum TSH,increase T3,T4 and reduce the expression of XBP1 protein in thyroid endoplasmic reticulum.Conclusion:XNXMN can improve the symptoms of hypothyroidism rats and has the effect of treating hypothyroidism.Its mechanism of action may be related to the expression of IRE1-XBP1 signaling pathway proteins that regulate the unfolded protein pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on chronic intestinal inflammation caused by high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty five male healthy SD rats were randoml...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on chronic intestinal inflammation caused by high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty five male healthy SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group(NC,normal diet,n=10)and a high-fat diet group(HF,high-fat diet,n=25).After 8 weeks,an obesity model was established.The HF group was randomly divided into an HF group and a PSP treatment group[PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of intervention with PSP,rat serum was collected,and the spleen and thymus were stripped,and weighed.Serum IgG,IgM,LPS and IL-1βand IL-6 contents were detected by ELISA,and HE staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of the colon tissue.[Results]PSP reduced the level of LPS caused by high-fat diet and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α,increased the indexes of the thymus and spleen serving as immune organs,increased IgG and IgM contents,and alleviated pathological damage to the colon tissue caused by high-fat diet.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental basis for the development of drugs for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity and inflammation.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on antioxidant function in high-fat diet obese rats.[Methods]Thirty five healthy male SD rats were selected t...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on antioxidant function in high-fat diet obese rats.[Methods]Thirty five healthy male SD rats were selected to establish an obesity model after feeding a high-fat for 8 weeks.They were then randomly divided into a normal group(NC),a high-fat diet group(HF),and an HF+P.sibiricum polysaccharide group[HF+PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of PSP intervention,the serum and liver of rats were collected,and the activity of aspartate transaminase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in serum,the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver tissue were measured.The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the HF group,PSP could effectively inhibit obesity caused by high-fat diet.It reduced body weight and serum AST and ALT levels,increased the contents of T-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in the liver,and inhibited the accumulation of MDA content,thereby reducing damage to liver cells caused by a high-fat diet.It indicated that PSP could effectively inhibit obesity in high-fat diet rats and enhance their antioxidant capacity.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the study of the antioxidant capacity of PSP.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty hea...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups according to their body weight:10 in normal control group(Group NC,n=10)and 20 in experimental group(n=20).The rats in experimental group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks before they were further randomly divided into two groups:high fat group(Group HF)and high fat+400 mg/(kg·d)POP group(Group HF+POP).In Group HF+POP,the rats were administered with POP for another six weeks,before their blood plasma was collected,and the relative weights of their testis and epididymis were calculated.The plasma levels of testosterone(T),estrogen(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),cortisol(C)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were measured by radioimmunoassay,and the plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.[Results]Compared with Group HF,POP could effectively inhibit rat obesity caused by high-fat diets,increase the relative weights of their testis and epididymis,plasma levels of LH,E2,FSH,T,SHBG and IGF-1,and reduce the plasma level of E2.[Conclusions]Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)is able to effectively regulate the level of reproductive hormones in high-fat diet fed rats,and helps to protect their reproductive function.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) (20030b10090)China Medical Board of New York (CMB 82-412) the TCM Administration Bureau of Sichuan Province (TCM 2004 B03).
文摘Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is able to induce various benign and malignant liver lesions in rats with a high success rate and a low mortality rate. It provides a more appropriate model that better simulates the various lesions occurring in humans than the usual model of tumor implantations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MRI liver examination in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats as a routine method to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules induced by DENA and to follow up their growth. METHODS:Hepatic carcinogenesis was induced in 80 male SD rats using oral DENA solution. All animals were imaged for liver tumor detection with a 1.5 Tesla magnet (Siemens Sonata,Erlangen, Germany) using correspondence scan parameters and a radio-frequency knee coil. Macroscopic examinations were performed along the axial MRI sections to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and histopathological assessment was also performed. RESULTS:No false negative results were obtained on MR images. Hepatic tumors in 72 rats were confirmed macro-scopically and 68 rats were detected by MRI till the 20th week. The smallest and the largest nodules detected by MRI were 2 mm and 37 mm in diameter respectively. The agreement rate of MRI with macroscopic observation was 39. 1% and 97. 4% respectively for 2 mm to 5 mm and more than 5 mm nodules. CONCLUSIONS:The hepatic tumor induced by DENA provides a more representative range of tumors for imaging diagnosis and interventional treatment. MRI is the best approach for scrutinizing pathological changes of rat livers in the period of observation.
基金supported by grants from national funding on National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81760154)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No. 2017GXNSFAA198057)
文摘Objective: To explore the differences of obese Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats model induced by lard oil high-fat(HF)diet or purified HF diet. Methods: SD weanling rats were randomly divided into three groups: D1 group,where rats were fed by lard oil HF diet;D2 group,where rats were fed by purified HF diet;C group,where rats were fed on chow. After 12 weeks,diet-induced obesity rat(stop 33% based on weight)were selected for further study,and the rest rats from group D1 and D2 were excluded. The food intake and weight were weighted daily and weekly,respectively. The subcutaneous,visceral and total fat contents of rats was measured by 256-row CT scan and the Lee index was calculated accordingly. The kidney,liver,testis,spleen and heart were weighted respectively. Serum leptin and insulin levels were quantified. The pathology in liver and adipose tissues were analyzed by HE staining. Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)was used to compare the glucose tolerance ability. Serum total cholestero(lT-CHO),high density lipoprotein(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),triglyceride(TG)and inflammatory cytokines IL-6,TNF-α were detected as well. Results: After 12 weeks,the body weight,subcutaneous fat,visceral fat,total fat mass,wet weight of liver,kidney and heart,area under blood glucose curve and the levels of serum insulin,leptin,T-CHO,LDL-C,TG,IL-6 and TNF-α in group D2 were significantly increased compared to those of group C and group D1. HDL-C of group D2 was markedly lower than that in group C(P<0. 05). The visceral fat,total fat content and HDL-C in group D1 were significantly different from those of group C(P<0. 05). Steatosis and enlarged adipocyte were found in the livers of rats in group D1 and D2,and the lesions were more significant in group D2. Conclusion: Purified HF diet was more effective in inducing metabolic abnormalities,steatosis,peripheral chronic inflammation in obese SD rat models. But lard oil HF diet was more economical when only inducing visceral steatosis was required.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Program of “Brain Science and Brain-Like Research”(2022ZD0211800)National Natural Science Foundation of China General Research Grant (81971679, 21727806,31771147)+4 种基金Major Research Grant (91632305, 32088101)Ministry of Science and Technology (2018YFA0507600, 2017YFA0503600)Qidong-PKU SLS Innovation Fund (2016000663)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and National Key R&D Program of China (2020AAA0105200)sponsored by the Bayer Investigator Award。
文摘Action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kinetics.Most learning and memory studies at the single-neuron level have relied on the use of animal models,most notably rodents.Here,we studied AP initiation and propagation in cultured hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and C57BL/6(C57)mice with genetically encoded voltage indicator(GEVI)-based voltage imaging.Our data showed that APs traveled bidirectionally in neurons from both species;forward-propagating APs(fpAPs)had a different speed than backpropagating APs(bpAPs).Additionally,we observed distinct AP propagation characteristics in AISs emerging from the somatic envelope compared to those originating from dendrites.Compared with rat neurons,mouse neurons exhibited higher bpAP speed and lower fpAP speed,more distally located ankyrin G(AnkG)in AISs,and longer Nav1.2 lengths in AISs.Moreover,during AIS plasticity,AnkG and Nav1.2 showed distal shifts in location and shorter lengths of labeled AISs in rat neurons;in mouse neurons,however,they showed a longer AnkG-labeled length and more distal Nav1.2 location.Our findings suggest that hippocampal neurons in SD rats and C57 mice may have different AP propagation speeds,different AnkG and Nav1.2 patterns in the AIS,and different AIS plasticity properties,indicating that comparisons between these species must be carefully considered.
文摘This communication presents a new method of detecting the behaviour pattern in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats based on the measurement of the dielectric properties of blood plasma at microwave frequencies at different periods of time. The microwave measurements were performed by rectangular cavity perturbation method in the S-band of microwave frequency with the blood plasma collected from normal rats (Controls) as well as chemically induced rats (Aβ). A change is observed in the dielectric properties of the Aβsamples but not the controls samples at the extended period of time. This measurement technique is simple and the collection of blood from the rats is nonsurgical in nature. These results prove a new method of diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) using microwave techniques.
基金This research was supported by the Tianjin Health Commission,Tianjin Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Traditional Chinese Medicine,and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Scientific Research Projects(No.2019036).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Xin-Nao-Xue-Mai-Ning(XNXMN)on hypothyroidism in SD rats and explore the effect of IRE1-XBP1 signaling pathway on hypothyroidism in rats,and to analyze the possible mechanism of XNXMN in the treatment of hypothyroidism.Method:Twenty-four male SD rats were given a 0.1%concentration of propylthiouracil(PTU)solution by gavage every day to establish a hypothyroidism animal model.After the completion of the model building,intervention with XNXMN.Observe the general conditions of rats,serum triiodothyronine(T3),tetraiodothyronine(T4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)levels,X box binding protein 1(XBP-1)protein expression level,and perform statistical analysis.Results:XNXMN can improve the general condition of hypothyroidism rats,reduce serum TSH,increase T3,T4 and reduce the expression of XBP1 protein in thyroid endoplasmic reticulum.Conclusion:XNXMN can improve the symptoms of hypothyroidism rats and has the effect of treating hypothyroidism.Its mechanism of action may be related to the expression of IRE1-XBP1 signaling pathway proteins that regulate the unfolded protein pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum.
基金Supported by General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2022JJ30312)National College Student Research-based Learning and Innovative Experimental Program in 2019 (201910553013)College Student Research-based Learning and Innovative Experimental Program of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology in 2020 (17).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on chronic intestinal inflammation caused by high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty five male healthy SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group(NC,normal diet,n=10)and a high-fat diet group(HF,high-fat diet,n=25).After 8 weeks,an obesity model was established.The HF group was randomly divided into an HF group and a PSP treatment group[PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of intervention with PSP,rat serum was collected,and the spleen and thymus were stripped,and weighed.Serum IgG,IgM,LPS and IL-1βand IL-6 contents were detected by ELISA,and HE staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of the colon tissue.[Results]PSP reduced the level of LPS caused by high-fat diet and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α,increased the indexes of the thymus and spleen serving as immune organs,increased IgG and IgM contents,and alleviated pathological damage to the colon tissue caused by high-fat diet.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental basis for the development of drugs for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity and inflammation.
基金Supported by Key Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (19A259)General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2022JJ30312)+1 种基金National College Student Research-based Learning and Innovative Experimental Program in 2019 (201910553013)College Student Research-based Learning and Innovative Experiment Program of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology in 2023 (10,14).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on antioxidant function in high-fat diet obese rats.[Methods]Thirty five healthy male SD rats were selected to establish an obesity model after feeding a high-fat for 8 weeks.They were then randomly divided into a normal group(NC),a high-fat diet group(HF),and an HF+P.sibiricum polysaccharide group[HF+PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of PSP intervention,the serum and liver of rats were collected,and the activity of aspartate transaminase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in serum,the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver tissue were measured.The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the HF group,PSP could effectively inhibit obesity caused by high-fat diet.It reduced body weight and serum AST and ALT levels,increased the contents of T-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in the liver,and inhibited the accumulation of MDA content,thereby reducing damage to liver cells caused by a high-fat diet.It indicated that PSP could effectively inhibit obesity in high-fat diet rats and enhance their antioxidant capacity.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the study of the antioxidant capacity of PSP.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of the Hunan Provincial Education Department of China(19A259)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ30312)+2 种基金National Innovation Experiment Program for University Students(201910553013)2020 Innovation Experiment Program for College Students of Hunan University of HumanitiesScience and Technology(2020-17)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups according to their body weight:10 in normal control group(Group NC,n=10)and 20 in experimental group(n=20).The rats in experimental group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks before they were further randomly divided into two groups:high fat group(Group HF)and high fat+400 mg/(kg·d)POP group(Group HF+POP).In Group HF+POP,the rats were administered with POP for another six weeks,before their blood plasma was collected,and the relative weights of their testis and epididymis were calculated.The plasma levels of testosterone(T),estrogen(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),cortisol(C)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were measured by radioimmunoassay,and the plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.[Results]Compared with Group HF,POP could effectively inhibit rat obesity caused by high-fat diets,increase the relative weights of their testis and epididymis,plasma levels of LH,E2,FSH,T,SHBG and IGF-1,and reduce the plasma level of E2.[Conclusions]Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)is able to effectively regulate the level of reproductive hormones in high-fat diet fed rats,and helps to protect their reproductive function.
