[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, ...[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were cul- tured in media supplemented with different cytokinin and auxin at different concen- tration, and then the adventitious buds in each treatment were calculated. [Result] Cytokinins had different influence on the adventitious bud differentiation of the three oriental lily cultivars. Among them, 6-BA had the best effect to induce the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales of Tiber and Rodina, but there was some difference in the optimal concentration. KT had the best effect to induce the adven- titious bud differentiation of Constanta. The auxins had little influence on the quality of the adventitious bud of the three oriental lily cultivars, but caused some difference in differentiation coefficients. [Conclusion] The most suitable media for the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales in vitro of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were MS＋0.2 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, MS＋I.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA, MS＋ 1.0 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively.展开更多
Michelia macclurei Dandy is a significant tree species that has extensive cultivation for forestry and horticulture purposes in southern China,owing to its economic and practical importance.Light quality influences pl...Michelia macclurei Dandy is a significant tree species that has extensive cultivation for forestry and horticulture purposes in southern China,owing to its economic and practical importance.Light quality influences plantlet growth and development during tissue culture.However,the growth characteristic and molecular regulation of M.macclurei under different light quality conditions are not well understood yet.In this study,we investigated the morphological,chlorophyll content,and transcriptomic responses of M.macclurei plantlets under different light-emitting diode(LED)qualities,including white,blue,and red light.The results showed that blue light significantly increased plant height(21.29%)and leaf number(18.65%),while red light decreased plant height and leaf number by 7.53%and 16.49%,respectively.In addition,the plantlets’chlorophyll content and etiolation rate were significantly reduced by blue and red light quality compared to white light.Compared to white light,blue light had a negative effect,leading to decreased rooting rate(64.28%),root number(72.72%),and root length(75.86%).Conversely,red light had a positive effect,resulting in increased rooting rate(24.99%),root number(109.58%),and root length(72.72%).Transcriptome analysis identified 54 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in three groups that consisted of blue light vs.white light(BL-vs-WL),red light vs.white light(RL-vs-WL),and red light vs.blue light(RL-vs-BL).Specifically,21,7,and 41 DEGs were identified in the three groups,respectively.The DEGs found in the RL-vs-WL and BL-vs-WL groups were involved in plant hormone signaling,nitrogen metabolism,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways,which suggests that M.macclurei plantlets adapt to the changes of light quality via modulating gene expression.Overall,our study provides valuable insights for understanding the molecular and morphological responses of M.macclurei plantlets under different light qualities.展开更多
Taro is cultivated in most Regions of Cameroon and it is affected by taro leaf blight disease since 2010 which has decreased its production. Lack of disease-free planting materials has been a main problem to farmers. ...Taro is cultivated in most Regions of Cameroon and it is affected by taro leaf blight disease since 2010 which has decreased its production. Lack of disease-free planting materials has been a main problem to farmers. This study was carried out at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Yaounde and Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui to assess different substrates for acclimatization of tissue culture taro plantlets in apropagator. No information is available on acclimatization of Cameroonian taro plantlets in different substrates. Taro plantlets from tissue culture were acclimatised in a propagator for six weeks under different substrates, the first substrate consisted of sterile three parts of soil and one part of river sand mixed together (3:1), the second substrate consisted of sterile two parts of soil and two parts of river sand mixed together (2:2), the third substrate consisted of sterile two parts of soil, one part of rice husk and one part of river sand mixed together (2:1:1) and the fourth substrate consisted of sterile one part of soil and three parts of river sand mixed together (1:3). After acclimatisation of the different taroplantlets (Dark green petiole with small leaves (L1), Red petiole with small leaves (L2), Light green petiole with large leaves (L3) and Light green petiole with small leaves (L4) in these four substrates, it was observed that the best growth rate of plant was recorded on substrate sand + soil (1:3). The other substrates showed moderate growth of plants. Substrate sand + soil (1:3) can be recommended for acclimatization of Cameroonian taro plantlets.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the salt-tolerance mechanism of sweet potato.[Method]Two sweet potato varieties of Xu 25-2(salt-tolerant cultivar)and Triumph 100(salt-sensitive cultivar)were treated by sod...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the salt-tolerance mechanism of sweet potato.[Method]Two sweet potato varieties of Xu 25-2(salt-tolerant cultivar)and Triumph 100(salt-sensitive cultivar)were treated by sodium chloride with the concentration of 0 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L.After 20 days,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in the roots,shoots and leave were determined by the flame photometer,while dry weight and fresh weight of roots,shoots and leave in different varieties were also studied.[Result]The growth of two sweet potato varieties was inhibited under salt stress,so the plant became shorter,leaf and root became fewer,dry weight of roots and leave decreased,but seedlings of Xu 25-2 were inhibited slightly.Furthermore,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in roots,shoots and leaves of two sweet potato varieties increased.Na+ content of salt-tolerant Xu 25-2 was low in roots,shoots and leaves,while Na+ content of salt-sensitive Triumph 100 was high in shoots and leave of seedlings,but the change range of Xu 25-2 was less than that of Triumph 100.[Conclusion]The lower Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in leaves under salt stress were the most important characteristics for salt-tolerance of sweet potato varieties.展开更多
Plantlets of Ilex centrochinensis were used in its tissue culture to study the effect of auxin and gibberellin in vitro rooting, and the effect of various matrix in transplanting rooted plantlets and in rooting outsid...Plantlets of Ilex centrochinensis were used in its tissue culture to study the effect of auxin and gibberellin in vitro rooting, and the effect of various matrix in transplanting rooted plantlets and in rooting outside the tube. The highest fre- quency of rooting was obtained when growth regulator combination was IBA 0.2 mg/L ＋ GA3 0.4 mg/L in vitro rooting, and when the ratio of sand and humus soil was 5 to 5 in rooting outside the tube. When the ratio of perlite and peat soil was 3 to 7, the highest survival of rooted plantlets in transplanting was obtained. This study may provide the basis for improving the factory system of tissue culture of llex centrochinensis.展开更多
In this study, testtube plantlets of O.Violaceus were cultured on MS media and treated with low temperature, phytohormones, etc. The following results were obtained: 1. The cold treatment of 5～7℃ for more than 7 da...In this study, testtube plantlets of O.Violaceus were cultured on MS media and treated with low temperature, phytohormones, etc. The following results were obtained: 1. The cold treatment of 5～7℃ for more than 7 days was needed for flower initiation of the testtube plantlets originated from germinated seeds. 2. When cultured on the MS media supplemented with 2mg/L gibberellin (GA3), the testtube plantlets could initiate flowers without cold treatment. 3. When the MS media was supplemented with a reduced amount of NH4NO3, flower initiation of the testtube plantlets could be accelerated. The results of the study on flower development of O.Violaceus may be useful for the production of testtube flowers of this ornamental plant species.展开更多
Light spectrum plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of in vitro cultured potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets. The status of potato plantlets at the end of in vitro stage influences the m...Light spectrum plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of in vitro cultured potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets. The status of potato plantlets at the end of in vitro stage influences the minituber production after transplanting. With 100 μmol m^-2s^-1 total photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), a light spectrum study of 100% red light emitting diodes(LEDs) light spectrum(RR), 100% blue LEDs light spectrum(BB), 65% red+35% blue LEDs light spectrum(RB), and 45% red+35% blue+20% green LEDs light spectrum(RBG) providing illumination at the in vitro cultured stage of potato plantlets for 4 weeks using fluorescent lamp as control(CK) was performed to investigate the effects of LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro as well as the minituber yield after 2 months transplanting in the greenhouse. Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index. Furthermore, BB induced the greatest stem diameter as well as the highest health index in potato plantlets in vitro. Root activity, soluble protein, and free amino acid were also significantly enhanced by BB, whereas carbohydrates were improved by RR. In addition, thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma was significantly increased by BB and RBG. Chloroplasts under BB and RBG showed well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoid. Unexpectedly, distinct upper epidermis with greatest thickness was induced and palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatly in RR. After transplanting in the greenhouse for 2 months, potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber. BB improved fresh and dry weights of the biggest tuber but decreased tuber number per plantlet. In addition, RBG increased tuber number as well as tuber fresh and dry weight slightly. Our results suggested monochromatic blue LEDs as well as combined red, blue or/and green LEDs light spectrum were superior to fluorescent lamp spectrum in micro-propagation of potato plantlets. Therefore, the application of RBG was suitable;BB and RB could be used as alternatives.展开更多
As the energizing and therapeutic effects of infusions of mate(Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil)leaves are increasingly recognized,rising global consumption is also increasing the demand for plantlets with high genetic a...As the energizing and therapeutic effects of infusions of mate(Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil)leaves are increasingly recognized,rising global consumption is also increasing the demand for plantlets with high genetic and morphological qualities.Mini-cuttings are an alternative for clonal plantlets;however,more details are needed on factors that affect the success of this technique.Here,toward maximizing production,we evaluated adventitious rooting competence of mini-cuttings of different sizes and the morphophysiological quality of the resultant plantlets.Small(one bud;length up to 2.5 cm),medium(multiple buds;length 2.6–5.0 cm),and large(multiple buds;length 5.1–10.0 cm)mini-cuttings were planted in a mixture of commercial substrate,vermiculite,and coarse sand(1:1:1 v:v:v),grown in a humidity chamber,then evaluated after 45,60,75,and 90 days for survival,percentage of callus and shoot formation,number and length of shoots,percentage of rooted cuttings,and number and length of roots.Any rooted mini-cuttings were then cultivated in commercial substrate and subsurface soil(2:1 v:v)and evaluated after 30,60,90 and 120 days of cultivation for morphophysiology of the plantlets,percentage of survival,number of leaves,shoot height,stem diameter,and ratio of shoot height to stem diameter.After 120 days,the plantlets were evaluated for the ratio of shoot and root dry mass,total length,surface area,total volume,and mean diameter of roots and Dickson quality index.Adventitious rooting of the mini-cuttings and the morphophysiological quality of the plantlets were not influenced by the size of the vegetative propagule.Therefore,single-bud mini-cuttings have similar adventitious rooting competence,and result in plantlets with adequate morphophysiological quality,based upon leaf development,shoot height,stem diameter and length,and surface area,volume and diameter of roots.Single-bud mini-cuttings up to 2.5 cm long can thus be used to maximize production of mate plantlets by mini-cuttings.展开更多
Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato ...Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato production.However,few studies have documented the effects of red and blue light on the growth of potato plantlets revealed at the transcriptome level.The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro under monochromatic red(RR),monochromatic blue(BB)as well as combined red and blue(RB)LEDs using the RNA-Seq technique.In total,3150 and 814 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in potato plantlets under RR and BB,respectively,compared to RB(used as control).Compared to the control,the DEGs enriched in"photosynthesis"and"photosynthesis-antenna proteins"metabolic pathways were up-regulated and down-regulated by BB and RR,respectively,which might be responsible for the increases and decreases of maximum quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical quantum yield(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_(P))and electron transfer rate(ETR)in BB and RR,respectively.Potato plantlets exhibited dwarfed stems and extended leaves under BB,whereas elongated stems and small leaves were induced under RR.These dramatically altered plantlet phenotypes were associated with variable levels of endogenous plant hormones gibberellin(GAs),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and cytokinins(CKs),as assessed in stems and leaves of potato plantlets.In addition,monochromatic red and blue LEDs trigged the opposite expression profiles of DEGs identified in the"plant hormone signal transduction"metabolic pathway,which were closely related to the endogenous plant hormone levels in potato plantlets.Our results provide insights into the responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro to red and blue LEDs at the transcriptomic level and may contribute to improvements in the micro-propagation of potato plantlets cultured in vitro from the light spectrum aspect.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to produce plant seeds on a large scale via sterile germination of the capsules of Dendrobium chrysotoxum and rapid propagation technique.[Method] A large amount of protocorm-like bodies pro...[Objective] This study was to produce plant seeds on a large scale via sterile germination of the capsules of Dendrobium chrysotoxum and rapid propagation technique.[Method] A large amount of protocorm-like bodies produced from the sterile germination of D.chrysotoxum capsules,were transferred to four different kinds of bud induction media to obtain the optimal media suitable for plantlet differentiation and growth;and then with N6 as basic medium,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg/L of NAA and IAA were tested to obtain the optimal media suitable for rooting.[Results] On the medium of MS appended with 1 mg/L 6-BA ＋10% banana puree ＋ 20 g/L sucrose ＋6 g/L agar＋1 g/L AC,seed germination rate was up to 90%.The optimal medium for differentiation of D.chrysotoxum protocorm-like bodies was N6＋ 2 mg/L NAA ＋ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA ＋10% banana puree ＋ 20 g/L sucrose ＋ 0.5 g/L peptone ＋ 5.8 g/L agar ＋0.5 g/L AC,grown from which the plantlets were even and orderly in height;and the optimal medium for rooting was N6＋1.5 mg/L NAA ＋10% banana puree ＋ 20 g/L sucrose ＋ 5.8 g/L agar ＋1 g/L AC,grown from which the plantlets developed more,robust and orderly roots,and their leaves were in dark green color.[Conclusion] Our results provided reference for the rapid propagation of D.chrysotoxum.展开更多
The aim of this work was to study the reactions of wheat （T. aestivum L.） and its wild congeners under salt stress. Physiological mechanisms that underlie traits for salt tolerance plantlets have been used to test s...The aim of this work was to study the reactions of wheat （T. aestivum L.） and its wild congeners under salt stress. Physiological mechanisms that underlie traits for salt tolerance plantlets have been used to test some wheat species and to identify sources of salty tolerance. Stress conditions were founded by means of exposure of the plantlets in NaCI water solution, 1.68% that demonstrably differentiates the samples by growth parameters. Under laboratory conditions the ability of seedlings to bear a significant shortage of water, their ability to accumulate biomass, changing the parameters of linear growth processes and changes in water content in leaves and roots of seedlings under stress was determined. Interest is also the rate of growth of root fibrils in saline conditions. These experiments allowed to provide a comprehensive diagnosis of studied forms of wheat and make an initial opinion on their salt tolerance. Different features of abiotic stress responses of some wheat species at the early stages of development were shown that testifies necessi~ of great number of approaches at selection of genetic material for improvement of modern wheat eultivars. This work is the first phase of research for practical breeding.展开更多
In order to isolate and clone water-stress-responsive genes, total RNA was extracted from water-stressed plantlets regenerated in vitro of Populus hopeiensis using a QIAGEN RNeasy Plant Mini Kit. CDNA, synthesized by ...In order to isolate and clone water-stress-responsive genes, total RNA was extracted from water-stressed plantlets regenerated in vitro of Populus hopeiensis using a QIAGEN RNeasy Plant Mini Kit. CDNA, synthesized by LD-PCR with the SMART cDNA Library Construction Kit, was in vitro packaged into a phage λTriplEx2 vector. The resulting primary library and amplified library have a titer of 1.68×10^6 and 1.69×10^9 pfu·mL^-1 respectively. The combination ratio reached 98.8% and the average size of inserts was about 800 bp. In addition, the percentage of inserted fragments （〉400bp） was approximately 90%. The results indicate that a cDNA library has been successfully constructed.展开更多
To determine the medium with the concentration of Na2SiO3 , the effect of different concentrations of Na2SiO3 on cold resistance of Cymbidium plantlets in vitro was studied. The results showed that Si enhanced osmotic...To determine the medium with the concentration of Na2SiO3 , the effect of different concentrations of Na2SiO3 on cold resistance of Cymbidium plantlets in vitro was studied. The results showed that Si enhanced osmotic regulation ability of Cymbidium evidently on cold resistance with increasing contents of free Pro, soluble sugar, soluble protein and decreasing contents of MDA. Compared with CK, osmotic regulation substances are accumulated rapidly. Free Pro, soluble sugar, soluble protein, MDA could be adopted as reference indices to evaluate capability of frost resistance of Cymbidium. By experiment we stated Na2SiO3 (3mmol/L) could relieve low temperature injury of Cymbidium plantlets in vitro. Mitigative effect was reduced with increasing concentration of Na2SiO3 .展开更多
Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span sty...Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> tuberization and field evaluation of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> regenerated plants were studied on four commercial cultivars of potato (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum tuberosum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) viz., Diamant, Cardinal, Shilbilati and Lalpakri. The investigation was conducted at Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2010 to March 2012 to produce virus-free potato plantlets through meristem culture, shoot multiplications with root induction as well as their acclimatization and evaluation of morphological characters and tuber yield under field condition. Shoot tips of 25</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30 day old field</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grown plants of above mentioned four cultivars were used for meristem isolation. After isolation, meristems of these varieties of potato were cultured on “M” shaped filter paper bridge in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. Four different treatments of media formulations viz. 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.1</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KI</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used as plant growth regulators. From these formulations MS + 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best for </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary establishment of meristem culture. The primar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ily</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> established meristems were subcultured on to MS semisolid basal medium supplemented with four different treatment combinations of hormones viz. 0.5 mg/L BA</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+ 1.0 mg/L IBA;0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used to identify the suitable media compositions for shoot proliferation. Results showed that out of these four media treatments the formulation 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best suitable for shoot generation. Among the four cultivars of potato higher frequency of shoot proliferation (number of shoots/explant and longest shoot length) was observed in Diamant, though the highest shoot formation (76%) was recorded in Cardinal. Virus free </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> grown potato plantlets were ob</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tained through DAS-ELISA test and used substantially for m</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">icro-propagation. After gradual acclimatization of rooted plantlets of four potato cultivars</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> they were transferred into the field for cultivation and established successfully. It was observed from the field study of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> meristem-derived plantlets that there were no virus-affected plants. The virus-free exotic varieties were much superior in all vegetative attributes and yield compare</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to those of indigenous varieties with producing potato plants of normal height. In contrast, the indigenous varieties took </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longer time to tuber initiation and maturity, lower plant height and number of leaves per plant, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher number of tubers but </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower amount of tuber weight per plant, and poorer tuber grade than the exotic varieties. However, the variety Cardinal exposed the best performances in the context of survival percentage of plantlets (90%), days to tuber initiation (DTI), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">number of leaves per plant (NL), tuber weight per plant (343.40%) and the percentage of rich tuber grade.</span>展开更多
The swinging type temporary immersion bioreactors system （S-TTBs） is a kind of new and advanced method of tissue culture. The efficient multiplica- tion technology of blueberry （ Vaccinium corymbosum） plantlets in...The swinging type temporary immersion bioreactors system （S-TTBs） is a kind of new and advanced method of tissue culture. The efficient multiplica- tion technology of blueberry （ Vaccinium corymbosum） plantlets in S-TTBs was systematically studied through L9 （3^4） orthogonal experiment with three factors （culture medimn volmne, swing angle, and inoculation density） and completely randomized experiment with two factors （swing frequency and immersion time）. The results showed that the optimal culture parameters were set as follows： the culture medium volume of 250 nil/bottle, the swing angle at 45 ° , and the inoculation density of 60 plantlets/bottle. The optimal swing frequency was 1 time/6 h, and the immersion time was set as 60 s.展开更多
The adaptation of cassava plantlets to natural conditions remains the main obstacle in the process of free virus plantlets production. In this study, cassava plantlets acclimatization was assessed by pre-acclimatizati...The adaptation of cassava plantlets to natural conditions remains the main obstacle in the process of free virus plantlets production. In this study, cassava plantlets acclimatization was assessed by pre-acclimatization, height of acclimated plantlets, substrate, and nutrient watering solution. The results revealed that pre-acclimatization gave a high survival rate (61.9%) whereas the direct tunnel acclimatization was conducted to low rate (27.31%) of plantlets. Furthermore, the height of plantlets influenced significantly (p < 0.05) their survival rate with best survival rate observed on plantlet height from 1 cm to 5 cm. There was no significant difference between the substrates used and watering solutions. However, the Sawdust substrate gave a high survival rate (46.67%) and better phylogenesis (1.8) in the variety RB 89509. Likewise, plantlets treated with NPK nutrient watering solutions (20-10-10) had a better survival rate (48.57%), better phylogenesis (2.125) with the variety RB 89509 and better growth in height (1.18 cm) with the variety BF92/0267. These findings constitute a database for the establishment of the technical itinerary for the acclimatization of cassava plantlets.展开更多
In the 1970s and 1980s, United States Department of Energy conducted numerous studies on the fabrication of nuclear fuel particles using the internal gelation process[1], the internal gelation process is an advanced p...In the 1970s and 1980s, United States Department of Energy conducted numerous studies on the fabrication of nuclear fuel particles using the internal gelation process[1], the internal gelation process is an advanced production process for nuclear fuels. Recently, we had used these lessons learned on the internal gelation process to prepare quantities of uranium dioxide kernels of uniform sizes. This paper discusses the whole efforts of experimental processes.展开更多
Pineapple is the first fruit crop cultivated in south Benin that greatly contributes for food and nutritional security and farmers’ income. But the lack of homogenous planting material constitutes the major constrain...Pineapple is the first fruit crop cultivated in south Benin that greatly contributes for food and nutritional security and farmers’ income. But the lack of homogenous planting material constitutes the major constraint for improving pineapple yield. <em>In vitro</em> micropropagation is now used in the production of homogenous and free disease planting materials of pineapple. However, the acclimatization to natural condition of pineapple plantlets is an important step in planting material production of this crop. Here, we determined the intrinsic and extrinsic factors which influence the behavior of plantlets during the acclimatization process. For this purpose, plantlets from different categories were selected, trimmed and planted on a horticultural substrate made up of potting soil, white sawdust and compost previously sterilized. The plantlets were then incubated in under acclimatization greenhouse with average temperature of 29<span style="white-space:nowrap;">˚</span>C and 70.2% of humidity. A batch of plantlets was subjected to two different watering solutions: Shive and Robbins solution and NPK 14-6-5 foliar fertilizer. The results obtained initially showed high rate (100%) of survival and growth of the plantlets watered with Shive and Robbins solution against 50% of the plantlets watered with the foliar fertilizer solution. In addition, the plantlets with spread pores exhibiting the characteristics of which the number of leaves varies between 9 and 11, the weight between 1.2 and 1.5 g, the size of 4.5 to 5.5 cm, and a good junction between the aerial part and the root system were those which were successfully grown in acclimatization phase under greenhouse, unlike plantlets with erected pores having lower success rate. This study goes a long way in providing good procedures of acclimatization of homogenous and free disease planting material of pineapple to the famers.展开更多
Wild rice is an important resource of usefulgenes to rice breeders. However, low regener-ation frequency is an obstacle to use the valu-able genes. We used desiccation to improve theregeneration frequency and studied ...Wild rice is an important resource of usefulgenes to rice breeders. However, low regener-ation frequency is an obstacle to use the valu-able genes. We used desiccation to improve theregeneration frequency and studied the bio-chemical changes of calli of wild rice after des-iccation.Materials used in this experiment werewild species O. rufipogon, O. meyeriana, O.alta, and O. brachyantha. Young panicles(0.1-0. 5 cm in length of the inflorescence)展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for the Dominant Subjects Development of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu ProvinceScience and Technology Innovation Fund of Nanjing Forestry University(X09-120-4)~~
文摘[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were cul- tured in media supplemented with different cytokinin and auxin at different concen- tration, and then the adventitious buds in each treatment were calculated. [Result] Cytokinins had different influence on the adventitious bud differentiation of the three oriental lily cultivars. Among them, 6-BA had the best effect to induce the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales of Tiber and Rodina, but there was some difference in the optimal concentration. KT had the best effect to induce the adven- titious bud differentiation of Constanta. The auxins had little influence on the quality of the adventitious bud of the three oriental lily cultivars, but caused some difference in differentiation coefficients. [Conclusion] The most suitable media for the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales in vitro of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were MS＋0.2 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, MS＋I.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA, MS＋ 1.0 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively.
基金funded and supported by Fundamental Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Forestry,No.CAFYBB2017MB10.
文摘Michelia macclurei Dandy is a significant tree species that has extensive cultivation for forestry and horticulture purposes in southern China,owing to its economic and practical importance.Light quality influences plantlet growth and development during tissue culture.However,the growth characteristic and molecular regulation of M.macclurei under different light quality conditions are not well understood yet.In this study,we investigated the morphological,chlorophyll content,and transcriptomic responses of M.macclurei plantlets under different light-emitting diode(LED)qualities,including white,blue,and red light.The results showed that blue light significantly increased plant height(21.29%)and leaf number(18.65%),while red light decreased plant height and leaf number by 7.53%and 16.49%,respectively.In addition,the plantlets’chlorophyll content and etiolation rate were significantly reduced by blue and red light quality compared to white light.Compared to white light,blue light had a negative effect,leading to decreased rooting rate(64.28%),root number(72.72%),and root length(75.86%).Conversely,red light had a positive effect,resulting in increased rooting rate(24.99%),root number(109.58%),and root length(72.72%).Transcriptome analysis identified 54 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in three groups that consisted of blue light vs.white light(BL-vs-WL),red light vs.white light(RL-vs-WL),and red light vs.blue light(RL-vs-BL).Specifically,21,7,and 41 DEGs were identified in the three groups,respectively.The DEGs found in the RL-vs-WL and BL-vs-WL groups were involved in plant hormone signaling,nitrogen metabolism,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways,which suggests that M.macclurei plantlets adapt to the changes of light quality via modulating gene expression.Overall,our study provides valuable insights for understanding the molecular and morphological responses of M.macclurei plantlets under different light qualities.
文摘Taro is cultivated in most Regions of Cameroon and it is affected by taro leaf blight disease since 2010 which has decreased its production. Lack of disease-free planting materials has been a main problem to farmers. This study was carried out at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Yaounde and Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui to assess different substrates for acclimatization of tissue culture taro plantlets in apropagator. No information is available on acclimatization of Cameroonian taro plantlets in different substrates. Taro plantlets from tissue culture were acclimatised in a propagator for six weeks under different substrates, the first substrate consisted of sterile three parts of soil and one part of river sand mixed together (3:1), the second substrate consisted of sterile two parts of soil and two parts of river sand mixed together (2:2), the third substrate consisted of sterile two parts of soil, one part of rice husk and one part of river sand mixed together (2:1:1) and the fourth substrate consisted of sterile one part of soil and three parts of river sand mixed together (1:3). After acclimatisation of the different taroplantlets (Dark green petiole with small leaves (L1), Red petiole with small leaves (L2), Light green petiole with large leaves (L3) and Light green petiole with small leaves (L4) in these four substrates, it was observed that the best growth rate of plant was recorded on substrate sand + soil (1:3). The other substrates showed moderate growth of plants. Substrate sand + soil (1:3) can be recommended for acclimatization of Cameroonian taro plantlets.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(30670177)Scientific Research Foundation for the Outstanding Young Scientist of Shangdong Province(006BS06002)National Ministry of Education Doctoral Fund(20050445003)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the salt-tolerance mechanism of sweet potato.[Method]Two sweet potato varieties of Xu 25-2(salt-tolerant cultivar)and Triumph 100(salt-sensitive cultivar)were treated by sodium chloride with the concentration of 0 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L.After 20 days,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in the roots,shoots and leave were determined by the flame photometer,while dry weight and fresh weight of roots,shoots and leave in different varieties were also studied.[Result]The growth of two sweet potato varieties was inhibited under salt stress,so the plant became shorter,leaf and root became fewer,dry weight of roots and leave decreased,but seedlings of Xu 25-2 were inhibited slightly.Furthermore,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in roots,shoots and leaves of two sweet potato varieties increased.Na+ content of salt-tolerant Xu 25-2 was low in roots,shoots and leaves,while Na+ content of salt-sensitive Triumph 100 was high in shoots and leave of seedlings,but the change range of Xu 25-2 was less than that of Triumph 100.[Conclusion]The lower Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in leaves under salt stress were the most important characteristics for salt-tolerance of sweet potato varieties.
文摘Plantlets of Ilex centrochinensis were used in its tissue culture to study the effect of auxin and gibberellin in vitro rooting, and the effect of various matrix in transplanting rooted plantlets and in rooting outside the tube. The highest fre- quency of rooting was obtained when growth regulator combination was IBA 0.2 mg/L ＋ GA3 0.4 mg/L in vitro rooting, and when the ratio of sand and humus soil was 5 to 5 in rooting outside the tube. When the ratio of perlite and peat soil was 3 to 7, the highest survival of rooted plantlets in transplanting was obtained. This study may provide the basis for improving the factory system of tissue culture of llex centrochinensis.
文摘In this study, testtube plantlets of O.Violaceus were cultured on MS media and treated with low temperature, phytohormones, etc. The following results were obtained: 1. The cold treatment of 5～7℃ for more than 7 days was needed for flower initiation of the testtube plantlets originated from germinated seeds. 2. When cultured on the MS media supplemented with 2mg/L gibberellin (GA3), the testtube plantlets could initiate flowers without cold treatment. 3. When the MS media was supplemented with a reduced amount of NH4NO3, flower initiation of the testtube plantlets could be accelerated. The results of the study on flower development of O.Violaceus may be useful for the production of testtube flowers of this ornamental plant species.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (2013 AA 103005)
文摘Light spectrum plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of in vitro cultured potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets. The status of potato plantlets at the end of in vitro stage influences the minituber production after transplanting. With 100 μmol m^-2s^-1 total photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), a light spectrum study of 100% red light emitting diodes(LEDs) light spectrum(RR), 100% blue LEDs light spectrum(BB), 65% red+35% blue LEDs light spectrum(RB), and 45% red+35% blue+20% green LEDs light spectrum(RBG) providing illumination at the in vitro cultured stage of potato plantlets for 4 weeks using fluorescent lamp as control(CK) was performed to investigate the effects of LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro as well as the minituber yield after 2 months transplanting in the greenhouse. Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index. Furthermore, BB induced the greatest stem diameter as well as the highest health index in potato plantlets in vitro. Root activity, soluble protein, and free amino acid were also significantly enhanced by BB, whereas carbohydrates were improved by RR. In addition, thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma was significantly increased by BB and RBG. Chloroplasts under BB and RBG showed well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoid. Unexpectedly, distinct upper epidermis with greatest thickness was induced and palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatly in RR. After transplanting in the greenhouse for 2 months, potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber. BB improved fresh and dry weights of the biggest tuber but decreased tuber number per plantlet. In addition, RBG increased tuber number as well as tuber fresh and dry weight slightly. Our results suggested monochromatic blue LEDs as well as combined red, blue or/and green LEDs light spectrum were superior to fluorescent lamp spectrum in micro-propagation of potato plantlets. Therefore, the application of RBG was suitable;BB and RB could be used as alternatives.
基金supported by the National Council for Scientifi c and Technological Development(CNPq)and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)of Brazil for scholarships.
文摘As the energizing and therapeutic effects of infusions of mate(Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil)leaves are increasingly recognized,rising global consumption is also increasing the demand for plantlets with high genetic and morphological qualities.Mini-cuttings are an alternative for clonal plantlets;however,more details are needed on factors that affect the success of this technique.Here,toward maximizing production,we evaluated adventitious rooting competence of mini-cuttings of different sizes and the morphophysiological quality of the resultant plantlets.Small(one bud;length up to 2.5 cm),medium(multiple buds;length 2.6–5.0 cm),and large(multiple buds;length 5.1–10.0 cm)mini-cuttings were planted in a mixture of commercial substrate,vermiculite,and coarse sand(1:1:1 v:v:v),grown in a humidity chamber,then evaluated after 45,60,75,and 90 days for survival,percentage of callus and shoot formation,number and length of shoots,percentage of rooted cuttings,and number and length of roots.Any rooted mini-cuttings were then cultivated in commercial substrate and subsurface soil(2:1 v:v)and evaluated after 30,60,90 and 120 days of cultivation for morphophysiology of the plantlets,percentage of survival,number of leaves,shoot height,stem diameter,and ratio of shoot height to stem diameter.After 120 days,the plantlets were evaluated for the ratio of shoot and root dry mass,total length,surface area,total volume,and mean diameter of roots and Dickson quality index.Adventitious rooting of the mini-cuttings and the morphophysiological quality of the plantlets were not influenced by the size of the vegetative propagule.Therefore,single-bud mini-cuttings have similar adventitious rooting competence,and result in plantlets with adequate morphophysiological quality,based upon leaf development,shoot height,stem diameter and length,and surface area,volume and diameter of roots.Single-bud mini-cuttings up to 2.5 cm long can thus be used to maximize production of mate plantlets by mini-cuttings.
基金funded by the Scientific Research Fund of College of Science&Technology,Ningbo University for the Introduction of High-level Talents,China(RC190006)。
文摘Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato production.However,few studies have documented the effects of red and blue light on the growth of potato plantlets revealed at the transcriptome level.The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro under monochromatic red(RR),monochromatic blue(BB)as well as combined red and blue(RB)LEDs using the RNA-Seq technique.In total,3150 and 814 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in potato plantlets under RR and BB,respectively,compared to RB(used as control).Compared to the control,the DEGs enriched in"photosynthesis"and"photosynthesis-antenna proteins"metabolic pathways were up-regulated and down-regulated by BB and RR,respectively,which might be responsible for the increases and decreases of maximum quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical quantum yield(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_(P))and electron transfer rate(ETR)in BB and RR,respectively.Potato plantlets exhibited dwarfed stems and extended leaves under BB,whereas elongated stems and small leaves were induced under RR.These dramatically altered plantlet phenotypes were associated with variable levels of endogenous plant hormones gibberellin(GAs),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and cytokinins(CKs),as assessed in stems and leaves of potato plantlets.In addition,monochromatic red and blue LEDs trigged the opposite expression profiles of DEGs identified in the"plant hormone signal transduction"metabolic pathway,which were closely related to the endogenous plant hormone levels in potato plantlets.Our results provide insights into the responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro to red and blue LEDs at the transcriptomic level and may contribute to improvements in the micro-propagation of potato plantlets cultured in vitro from the light spectrum aspect.
文摘[Objective] This study was to produce plant seeds on a large scale via sterile germination of the capsules of Dendrobium chrysotoxum and rapid propagation technique.[Method] A large amount of protocorm-like bodies produced from the sterile germination of D.chrysotoxum capsules,were transferred to four different kinds of bud induction media to obtain the optimal media suitable for plantlet differentiation and growth;and then with N6 as basic medium,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg/L of NAA and IAA were tested to obtain the optimal media suitable for rooting.[Results] On the medium of MS appended with 1 mg/L 6-BA ＋10% banana puree ＋ 20 g/L sucrose ＋6 g/L agar＋1 g/L AC,seed germination rate was up to 90%.The optimal medium for differentiation of D.chrysotoxum protocorm-like bodies was N6＋ 2 mg/L NAA ＋ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA ＋10% banana puree ＋ 20 g/L sucrose ＋ 0.5 g/L peptone ＋ 5.8 g/L agar ＋0.5 g/L AC,grown from which the plantlets were even and orderly in height;and the optimal medium for rooting was N6＋1.5 mg/L NAA ＋10% banana puree ＋ 20 g/L sucrose ＋ 5.8 g/L agar ＋1 g/L AC,grown from which the plantlets developed more,robust and orderly roots,and their leaves were in dark green color.[Conclusion] Our results provided reference for the rapid propagation of D.chrysotoxum.
文摘The aim of this work was to study the reactions of wheat （T. aestivum L.） and its wild congeners under salt stress. Physiological mechanisms that underlie traits for salt tolerance plantlets have been used to test some wheat species and to identify sources of salty tolerance. Stress conditions were founded by means of exposure of the plantlets in NaCI water solution, 1.68% that demonstrably differentiates the samples by growth parameters. Under laboratory conditions the ability of seedlings to bear a significant shortage of water, their ability to accumulate biomass, changing the parameters of linear growth processes and changes in water content in leaves and roots of seedlings under stress was determined. Interest is also the rate of growth of root fibrils in saline conditions. These experiments allowed to provide a comprehensive diagnosis of studied forms of wheat and make an initial opinion on their salt tolerance. Different features of abiotic stress responses of some wheat species at the early stages of development were shown that testifies necessi~ of great number of approaches at selection of genetic material for improvement of modern wheat eultivars. This work is the first phase of research for practical breeding.
文摘In order to isolate and clone water-stress-responsive genes, total RNA was extracted from water-stressed plantlets regenerated in vitro of Populus hopeiensis using a QIAGEN RNeasy Plant Mini Kit. CDNA, synthesized by LD-PCR with the SMART cDNA Library Construction Kit, was in vitro packaged into a phage λTriplEx2 vector. The resulting primary library and amplified library have a titer of 1.68×10^6 and 1.69×10^9 pfu·mL^-1 respectively. The combination ratio reached 98.8% and the average size of inserts was about 800 bp. In addition, the percentage of inserted fragments （〉400bp） was approximately 90%. The results indicate that a cDNA library has been successfully constructed.
文摘To determine the medium with the concentration of Na2SiO3 , the effect of different concentrations of Na2SiO3 on cold resistance of Cymbidium plantlets in vitro was studied. The results showed that Si enhanced osmotic regulation ability of Cymbidium evidently on cold resistance with increasing contents of free Pro, soluble sugar, soluble protein and decreasing contents of MDA. Compared with CK, osmotic regulation substances are accumulated rapidly. Free Pro, soluble sugar, soluble protein, MDA could be adopted as reference indices to evaluate capability of frost resistance of Cymbidium. By experiment we stated Na2SiO3 (3mmol/L) could relieve low temperature injury of Cymbidium plantlets in vitro. Mitigative effect was reduced with increasing concentration of Na2SiO3 .
文摘Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> tuberization and field evaluation of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> regenerated plants were studied on four commercial cultivars of potato (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum tuberosum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) viz., Diamant, Cardinal, Shilbilati and Lalpakri. The investigation was conducted at Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2010 to March 2012 to produce virus-free potato plantlets through meristem culture, shoot multiplications with root induction as well as their acclimatization and evaluation of morphological characters and tuber yield under field condition. Shoot tips of 25</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30 day old field</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grown plants of above mentioned four cultivars were used for meristem isolation. After isolation, meristems of these varieties of potato were cultured on “M” shaped filter paper bridge in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. Four different treatments of media formulations viz. 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.1</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KI</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used as plant growth regulators. From these formulations MS + 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best for </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary establishment of meristem culture. The primar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ily</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> established meristems were subcultured on to MS semisolid basal medium supplemented with four different treatment combinations of hormones viz. 0.5 mg/L BA</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+ 1.0 mg/L IBA;0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used to identify the suitable media compositions for shoot proliferation. Results showed that out of these four media treatments the formulation 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best suitable for shoot generation. Among the four cultivars of potato higher frequency of shoot proliferation (number of shoots/explant and longest shoot length) was observed in Diamant, though the highest shoot formation (76%) was recorded in Cardinal. Virus free </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> grown potato plantlets were ob</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tained through DAS-ELISA test and used substantially for m</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">icro-propagation. After gradual acclimatization of rooted plantlets of four potato cultivars</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> they were transferred into the field for cultivation and established successfully. It was observed from the field study of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> meristem-derived plantlets that there were no virus-affected plants. The virus-free exotic varieties were much superior in all vegetative attributes and yield compare</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to those of indigenous varieties with producing potato plants of normal height. In contrast, the indigenous varieties took </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longer time to tuber initiation and maturity, lower plant height and number of leaves per plant, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher number of tubers but </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower amount of tuber weight per plant, and poorer tuber grade than the exotic varieties. However, the variety Cardinal exposed the best performances in the context of survival percentage of plantlets (90%), days to tuber initiation (DTI), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">number of leaves per plant (NL), tuber weight per plant (343.40%) and the percentage of rich tuber grade.</span>
基金Supported by the Three New Project of Forestry in Jiangsu Province(LYSX[2016]46)the"Three-updating"Project of Agricultural in Changzhou City
文摘The swinging type temporary immersion bioreactors system （S-TTBs） is a kind of new and advanced method of tissue culture. The efficient multiplica- tion technology of blueberry （ Vaccinium corymbosum） plantlets in S-TTBs was systematically studied through L9 （3^4） orthogonal experiment with three factors （culture medimn volmne, swing angle, and inoculation density） and completely randomized experiment with two factors （swing frequency and immersion time）. The results showed that the optimal culture parameters were set as follows： the culture medium volume of 250 nil/bottle, the swing angle at 45 ° , and the inoculation density of 60 plantlets/bottle. The optimal swing frequency was 1 time/6 h, and the immersion time was set as 60 s.
文摘The adaptation of cassava plantlets to natural conditions remains the main obstacle in the process of free virus plantlets production. In this study, cassava plantlets acclimatization was assessed by pre-acclimatization, height of acclimated plantlets, substrate, and nutrient watering solution. The results revealed that pre-acclimatization gave a high survival rate (61.9%) whereas the direct tunnel acclimatization was conducted to low rate (27.31%) of plantlets. Furthermore, the height of plantlets influenced significantly (p < 0.05) their survival rate with best survival rate observed on plantlet height from 1 cm to 5 cm. There was no significant difference between the substrates used and watering solutions. However, the Sawdust substrate gave a high survival rate (46.67%) and better phylogenesis (1.8) in the variety RB 89509. Likewise, plantlets treated with NPK nutrient watering solutions (20-10-10) had a better survival rate (48.57%), better phylogenesis (2.125) with the variety RB 89509 and better growth in height (1.18 cm) with the variety BF92/0267. These findings constitute a database for the establishment of the technical itinerary for the acclimatization of cassava plantlets.
文摘In the 1970s and 1980s, United States Department of Energy conducted numerous studies on the fabrication of nuclear fuel particles using the internal gelation process[1], the internal gelation process is an advanced production process for nuclear fuels. Recently, we had used these lessons learned on the internal gelation process to prepare quantities of uranium dioxide kernels of uniform sizes. This paper discusses the whole efforts of experimental processes.
文摘Pineapple is the first fruit crop cultivated in south Benin that greatly contributes for food and nutritional security and farmers’ income. But the lack of homogenous planting material constitutes the major constraint for improving pineapple yield. <em>In vitro</em> micropropagation is now used in the production of homogenous and free disease planting materials of pineapple. However, the acclimatization to natural condition of pineapple plantlets is an important step in planting material production of this crop. Here, we determined the intrinsic and extrinsic factors which influence the behavior of plantlets during the acclimatization process. For this purpose, plantlets from different categories were selected, trimmed and planted on a horticultural substrate made up of potting soil, white sawdust and compost previously sterilized. The plantlets were then incubated in under acclimatization greenhouse with average temperature of 29<span style="white-space:nowrap;">˚</span>C and 70.2% of humidity. A batch of plantlets was subjected to two different watering solutions: Shive and Robbins solution and NPK 14-6-5 foliar fertilizer. The results obtained initially showed high rate (100%) of survival and growth of the plantlets watered with Shive and Robbins solution against 50% of the plantlets watered with the foliar fertilizer solution. In addition, the plantlets with spread pores exhibiting the characteristics of which the number of leaves varies between 9 and 11, the weight between 1.2 and 1.5 g, the size of 4.5 to 5.5 cm, and a good junction between the aerial part and the root system were those which were successfully grown in acclimatization phase under greenhouse, unlike plantlets with erected pores having lower success rate. This study goes a long way in providing good procedures of acclimatization of homogenous and free disease planting material of pineapple to the famers.
文摘Wild rice is an important resource of usefulgenes to rice breeders. However, low regener-ation frequency is an obstacle to use the valu-able genes. We used desiccation to improve theregeneration frequency and studied the bio-chemical changes of calli of wild rice after des-iccation.Materials used in this experiment werewild species O. rufipogon, O. meyeriana, O.alta, and O. brachyantha. Young panicles(0.1-0. 5 cm in length of the inflorescence)
