Our previous research studies have shown that Veratrilla baillonii Franch,a food supplement used by ethnic minorities in Southwest China,has multiple pharmacological activities,such as detoxification,antiinflammatory,...Our previous research studies have shown that Veratrilla baillonii Franch,a food supplement used by ethnic minorities in Southwest China,has multiple pharmacological activities,such as detoxification,antiinflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-insulin resistance.However,the detailed signal pathways for its salutary effect on damages in multiple organs due to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)remains unclear.The current study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of V.baillonii on T2DM rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms.The T2DM rat model was successfully established by a high-sugar and high-fat diet(HFD)combination with intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin(STZ,35 mg/kg).Biochemical analysis and histopatholgical examinations were conducted to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of water extracts of V.baillonii(WVBF).The results showed that the WVBF treatment can improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,ameliorate the liver,kidney and pancreas injuries via decreasing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α,and oxidative damages.Further investigation suggested that WVBF modulates the signal transductions of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 and AMPK pathways.These findings demonstrate potentials of WVBF in the treatment of T2DM and possible mechanisms for its hepatoprotective activities.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.展开更多
Nowadays, chronic clinical manifestations of diabetemellitus constitute an important disease and a huge public health issue. Aim: Study the macroangiopathic complications in type 2 diabetics. Method: It is a descripti...Nowadays, chronic clinical manifestations of diabetemellitus constitute an important disease and a huge public health issue. Aim: Study the macroangiopathic complications in type 2 diabetics. Method: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical aim covering the period from January 2019 to December 31, 2021 in the Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition clinic of the National Teaching Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) We thus identified 150 type 2 diabetic patients. Results: The prevalence of macroangiopathy was 60% with 11.3% for stroke, 28.6% for acute coronary syndrom, 4% for cervical macroangiopathy, and 46.97% ± 25.36% for obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs (OALL). The mean age of the patients was 57.69 ± 1.77 years with a sex ratio 1. The duration of diabetes progression was greater than 10 years for more than half of the patients 52.6%. The main associated cardiovascular risk factors were arterial high blood pressure (64.7%), family history of diabetes (33.7%), obesity with 20.0%. The death rate was 7.3%. Conclusion: Macroangiopathy’s mortality rate of in type 2 diabetics is high. Prevention remains the best treatment and involves screening for factors associated with macroangiopathy.展开更多
In Africa, the prevalence of diabetes is escalating and remains a concern due to the numerous complications it causes. Vascular damage associated with diabetes leads to a prothrombotic state observed in diabetic indiv...In Africa, the prevalence of diabetes is escalating and remains a concern due to the numerous complications it causes. Vascular damage associated with diabetes leads to a prothrombotic state observed in diabetic individuals. Diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease involving genetic components. With the aim of preventing complications and contributing to an efficient management of diabetes, we investigated genes likely to lead to a risk of thrombosis, in particular the C677T of MTHFR, G20210A of prothrombin, and R506Q of factor V Leiden in type 2 diabetics in Abidjan receiving ambulatory care. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on consenting type 2 diabetic patients. Mutation detection was carried out using the PCR-RFLP method employing restriction enzymes. Hemostasis tests (fibrinogen, D-dimers, fibrin monomers, and von Willebrand factor) were performed using citrate tubes on the Stage? Star Max automated system. Plasminogen activator inhibitor was assayed by ELISA method, and biochemical parameters were determined using the COBAS C311. The study population consisted of 45 diabetic patients, 51.1% of whom presented vascular complications, mainly neuropathy. Disturbances in hemostasis parameters were observed, with 15.5% of patients showing an increase in fibrin monomers. Mutation analysis revealed an absence of factor V mutation (factor V Leiden) and of G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene. However, 15.6% of subjects had a heterozygous C677T mutation of MTHFR, with 57% of them being anemic. The exploration of biological and genetic factors associated with thrombotic risk is of significant interest in the optimal management of African type 2 diabetics.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-...BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-1 activation could be involved in the pathophysiological process of DCM by promoting oxidative stress,the inflammatory response,apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis.AIM To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide in improving myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats,further clarified the protective effect of liraglutide on the heart,and provided a new option for the treatment of DCM.METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats aged 6 wk were randomly divided into two groups,a normal control group(n=10)and a model group(n=30),which were fed an ordinary diet and a high-sugar and high-fat diet,respectively.After successful modeling,the rats in the model group were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 4 wk and randomly divided into a model group and an intervention group(further divided into a high-dose group and a low-dose group).The rats were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 wk and then started drug intervention.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to detect fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles.Intact heart tissue was dissected,and its weight was used to calculate the heart weight index.Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium and the expression of PARP-1 in the heart by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight and heart weight index of rats in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal control group,and those in the intervention group were decreased compared with those in the model group,with a more obvious decrease observed in the high-dose group(P<0.05).In the model group,myocardial fibers were disordered,and inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis were observed.The cardiomyopathy of rats in the intervention group was improved to different degrees,the myocardial fibers were arranged neatly,and the myocardial cells were clearly striated;the improvement was more obvious in the high-dose group.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue of the model group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After liraglutide intervention,compared with the model group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue was decreased,and the reduction was more obvious in the high-dose group(P<0.05)but still higher than that in the normal control group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may improve myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of myocardial PARP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.展开更多
Background: Type II diabetes mellitus is associated with multiple metabolic derangements which can cause secondary pathophysiological changes in multiple organ systems. This in turn can impose a heavy burden of morbid...Background: Type II diabetes mellitus is associated with multiple metabolic derangements which can cause secondary pathophysiological changes in multiple organ systems. This in turn can impose a heavy burden of morbidity and mortality from micro‑ and macro‑vascular complications. This study aimed to describe the metabolic and therapeutic profile of a subgroup of type 2 diabetic patients who have treatment failure with oral anti-hyperglycemic agents with persistent hyperglycemia despite insulin treatment. Methods: 60 type 2 diabetic patients in treatment failure with oral antidiabetics and under insulin treatment, aged 35 to 70 years, were recruited at the Diabetes Clinic of the University Teaching Hospital of Treichville in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Blood samples were collected in tubes containing Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) to determine glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: The average age of the population was 54 ± 9.38 years with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.3, an average BMI of 30.25 ± 5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and an average HbA1c of 10.1% ± 1.6% for an average diabetes duration of 11.8 ± 5.8 years. The average insulin dose was 74.556 ± 16.21 UI/day, and the average duration of insulin treatment was 5.4 ± 3.1 years. The average HbA1c value was 10.1% ± 1.87% in men against 10.03% ± 1.53% in women with no significant difference (p = 0.1). The mean HbA1c values according to patient weight were 10.08% ± 2.05% for normal weight, 9.55% ± 2.26% for overweight, and 10.57% for obese, with no significant difference between the three groups of patients (p = 0.1). Conclusion: This study showed a persistence increase in glycated hemoglobin regardless of the treatment regimen, duration, and dose of insulin treatment in the subpopulation of type 2 diabetic patients.展开更多
Red honeybush tea(RHT)is a tea product developed from Cyclopia spp.which is endemic to South Africa.Aside refreshment,RHT has over the years been used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including type ...Red honeybush tea(RHT)is a tea product developed from Cyclopia spp.which is endemic to South Africa.Aside refreshment,RHT has over the years been used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including type 2 diabetes.This study investigated the in vivo antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of RHT concentrated hot water extract in type 2 diabetes(T2D)model of rats.T2D was induced starting with feeding 10%fructose solution ad libitum for 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(40 mg/kg body weight(BW)).Five weeks of treatment of RHT led to significant(P<0.05)elevation in serum insulin,pancreaticβ-cell function,HDL-C levels with concomitant decrease in AST,ALT,ALP,urea,CK-MB,fructosamine,total cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL-C,and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.RHT also signifi cantly(P<0.05)decreased MDA levels and enhanced level of GSH,activity of SOD,catalase,GR in most of organs(pancreas,liver,kidneys,and heart).Signifi cantly(P<0.05)improved morphological changes in the islets andβ-cells were observed in rats treated with RHT.The data of this study suggest that RHT demonstrates an outstanding antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects in STZ-induced T2D model of rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,the lack of comparative studies between weekly and daily formulations of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for glucose excursion is worth investigation.AIM To investigate the effe...BACKGROUND Currently,the lack of comparative studies between weekly and daily formulations of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for glucose excursion is worth investigation.AIM To investigate the effects of weekly and daily formulations of GLP-1RA on glucose excursion and inflammation in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS Seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.All patients were treated with metformin.We evaluated changes in blood glucose levels and a series of important indicators in patients before and after treatment with either a weekly or daily preparation of GLP-1RA(group A;n=33 and group B;n=37).RESULTS The degree of decrease in the levels of fasting blood glucose,mean blood glucose,mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,total cholesterol,triglycerides,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after treatment in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0.05),whereas the 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels decreased more so in group B than in group A(P<0.001).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of glycated hemoglobin,standard deviation of blood glucose,coefficient of variation,absolute mean of daily differences,percentage of time with 3.9 mmol/L<glucose<10 mmol/L,and high-and low-density lipoproteins between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in group A than in group B(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The effect of the weekly preparation of GLP-1RA in controlling blood glucose levels in the patients,suppressing inflammation,and reducing adverse reactions was significantly higher than that of the daily preparations,which is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anti-diabetic effect of the root extract of Annona muricata(AME)in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mice.Methods:After 4 weeks of high-fat diet,ICR mice were given ...Objective:To investigate the anti-diabetic effect of the root extract of Annona muricata(AME)in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mice.Methods:After 4 weeks of high-fat diet,ICR mice were given 1 g/kg nicotine and 120 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ)orally to construct a T2DM model.The T2DM mice were randomly divided into five groups:model group,200 mg/kg metformin group and 50,100,200 mg/kg AME groups.Drugs were oral administered continuously for 4 weeks.Fasting blood glucose and body weight were measured weekly.Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and detection of serum glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)level were performed one week before the end of the experiment.At the end of drug administration,serum total cholesterol(TG),triglycerides(TC),low-density lipoprotein levels(LDL-C)and insulin levels were tested by lipid detection kits;homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and HOMA-βindexes were calculated.Liver and kidney tissues were weighed to calculate organ indices and pathological tests were performed.Western blot was performed in the liver to detect adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC),glucose-6-phosphate carboxylase(G6Pase),and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PCK1)protein expression.Results:with 200 mg/kg AME significantly reduced fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,TG and LDL-C levels,protected liver and kindey in diabetic mice,decreased the area under the OGTT curve,inhibited ACC and G6Pase protein expressions,and activated AMPK protein expression.Conclusion:AME showed good therapeutic activity against T2DM,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK and inhibition of ACC and G6Pase proteins.展开更多
Objective:To explore the anti-diabetic effects and its underlying mechanism of Annona muricata Linn fruit ethanol extract(AME).Methods:Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mouse model was constructed.Those diab...Objective:To explore the anti-diabetic effects and its underlying mechanism of Annona muricata Linn fruit ethanol extract(AME).Methods:Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mouse model was constructed.Those diabetic mice were randomly grouped and given 50 mg/kg acarbose or AME(200 mg/kg,100 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg)for four weeks.The body weight,postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured during the administration.After the administration,a glucose tolerance test was performed,and the levels of triglycerides,cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in mice were detected by biochemical test kits.The inhibitory activity of AME onα-glucosidase in vivo and in vitro was determined by enzyme inhibition tests.Results:AME significantly reduced weight gain,postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein levels in T2DM mice;enhanced glucose tolerance and pancreaticβ-cell function of T2DM mice;inhibitedα-glucosidase activity in mouse intestine in an noncompetitive manner.Conclusion:AME may noncompetitive inhibitα-glucosidase activity and reduce postprandial glucose intake to achieve a therapeutic and regulatory effect on type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes alters the immune system, increasing the risk of susceptibility to viral infections such as hepatitis B and C infections. This study aimed to determine the frequency of hepatitis B an...Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes alters the immune system, increasing the risk of susceptibility to viral infections such as hepatitis B and C infections. This study aimed to determine the frequency of hepatitis B and C and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetics. This was a cross-sectional study conducted over six months. It was conducted at the National Obesity Center (NOC) of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH), Cameroon. 100 diabetic patients, with a mean age of 58.41 ± 10.74 years were enrolled in the study. The socio-demographic characteristics of the study population and the risk factors for virus transmission were recorded using a pre-established questionnaire. HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies were revealed by a rapid diagnostic test. Liver function markers’ activities were determined. Commercial kits were used to evaluate the patient’s serum lipid profile, serum fasting glucose level, urea, creatinine, and albumin. With a sex ratio of 3:1, women outnumbered men. Risk factors for HCV and HBV infections evocated by the population were dental care (50%), followed by alcohol consumption (41%). HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies frequency was 3% and 8% respectively. No cases of coinfection were found. In general, hypertriglyceridemia with a mean of 1.61 ± 0.46 g/L and hyperglycemia of 1.35 ± 0.45 g/L were noted. A significant difference (p = 0.028) was found in HDL-cholesterol values between non-co-affected diabetics and HCV+ diabetics. The effect of the duration of diabetes on biochemical parameters revealed that albumin was the only significant decrease over time (p = 0.013). Based on these results, the metabolic profile of patients was altered. It is important to take note of the prevalence of hepatitis seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus since it demonstrates the potential link between both illnesses. Thus, early detection could prevent complications related to B and C hepatitis infections in type 2 diabetics.展开更多
Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic multifactorial disease which requires a variety of strategies to reduce its epidemic. Type 2 diabetes (T2MD) is the most common form of diabetes which results from inef...Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic multifactorial disease which requires a variety of strategies to reduce its epidemic. Type 2 diabetes (T2MD) is the most common form of diabetes which results from inefficiency of insulin secretion or resistance to insulin action, both of which lead to chronic hyperglycemia. Lipid peroxidation is an oxidative stress process that involve in T2DM complications. This study aimed to 1) determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation in Sudanese patients with T2DM, and 2) assess the associations between MDA and diabetes-related variables. Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at the National University, Sudan. It included 100 participants, of whom 50 were T2DM patients and 50 were healthy controls. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and biochemical markers (FBS, HbA1c, and MDA) were collected. The NycoCard HbA1c method and the GOD-POD Method were used for HbA1c and glucose measurement, respectively. MDA was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version. Results: Significant differences were observed between T2DM patients and healthy controls in FBS (P = 0.000), HbA1c (P = 0.000), and MDA (P = 0.010), with T2DM patients exhibiting higher levels. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between MDA levels and the duration of diabetes (r = 0.69, P = 0.00), while other variables, including age, BMI, and glucose control, did not significantly correlate with MDA levels. Conclusion: Findings revealed elevated MDA levels in Sudanese T2DM patients, with a positive correlation between MDA and diabetes duration. These findings emphasize the importance of oxidative stress in T2DM pathogenesis and call for the need for targeted strategies to mitigate oxidative damage and improve diabetes care.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)patients have a high short-term mortality rate,and the severity evaluation of ACLF is necessary for prognostication.Therefore,it was meaningful to evaluate the associatio...BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)patients have a high short-term mortality rate,and the severity evaluation of ACLF is necessary for prognostication.Therefore,it was meaningful to evaluate the association between type 2 diabetic mellitus(DM)and ACLF and further explore the feasibility of using DM as a prognostic indicator in ACLF patients.The association between type 2 DM and the prognosis of patients with severe liver disease remains unclear.AIM To examine the effect of type 2 DM on the prognosis of patients with ACLF.METHODS Clinical data from 222 ACLF patients were collected and analyzed.The patients were categorized into two groups depending on whether they had DM or not,and the clinical data of ACLF patients were measured within 48 h after admission.Complications of ACLF were documented during treatment,such as hepatic encephalopathy,hepatorenal syndrome,acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,and spontaneous peritonitis(SBP).Values of laboratory parameters,complication rates,and hospital mortality rates were compared between two groups.RESULTS Among 222 ACLF patients,38 cases were categorized into DM groups,the mean age was 56.32 years and 73.68%were male.The prognosis of ACLF patients was significantly correlated with DM in univariate[hazard ratio(HR)=2.4,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.5-3.7,P<0.001]and multivariable analysis(HR=3.17,95%CI=1.82-5.523,P<0.001).The incident of SBP(34.21%vs 13.59%,P=0.038)and other infections like lung,urinary,blood,and cholecyst(44.74%vs 28.26%,P=0.046)were higher in DM patients than non-DM counterparts.In addition,the ACLF patients with DM tended to have a high mortality rate(P<0.001).Cumulative survival time was also significantly shorter in the ACLF patients with DM than non-DM.CONCLUSION A significant association between DM and the prognosis of ACLF patients was found in China.The ACLF patients with DM had higher incidence of hospital mortality and infection than those without DM.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of external counterpulsation combined with lipoic acid in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetic foot of grade 0-2.Methods:62 patients with diabetic foot f...Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of external counterpulsation combined with lipoic acid in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetic foot of grade 0-2.Methods:62 patients with diabetic foot from January 2019 to October 2020 were selected and divided into control group and external counterpulsation group according to different treatment schemes,31 cases in each group.The control group was given intravenous lipoic acid,and the external counterpulsation group was given external counterpulsation combined with intravenous lipoic acid.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared,and the blood flow parameters,ankle brachial index and common peroneal nerve conduction velocity of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results:The total effective rate of the treatment group(93.54%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(48.38%)(P<0.05).After treatment,the vessel diameter of dorsalis pedis artery(2.552±0.024mm)and ankle brachial index(0.923±0.036)in ECP group were significantly higher than those in control group(1.864±0.020)and ankle brachial index(0.843±0.030)(P<0.05).After the control group and the external counterpulsation group were treated,the levels of serum of VEGF,bFGF、IGF-1(85.479±4.239,148.27±14.25,62.33±3.75;94.163±8.917,200.88±14.58,81.35±1.08)was significantly higher than that before treatment(57.264±0.801,106.44±3.83,30.90±0.42;57.133±0.850,106.78±3.69,31.01±0.56),the levels of MMP-2(2.035±0.08,1.417±0.21)after treatment in the control group and the external counter stroke group after treatment(2.035±0.08,1.417±0.21)was significantly lower than that after treatment.The levels of VEGF,bFGF and IGF-1 in ECP group were significantly higher than those in control group,and MMP-2 was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The clinical effect of external counterpulsation combined with lipoic acid in the treatment of type 2 diabetic foot with grade 0-2 is significant,which can effectively improve the blood flow parameters of dorsal foot artery,ankle brachial index and common peroneal nerve conduction velocity,with less adverse reactions.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Type-2 diabetic patients (uncontrolled levels of glucose blood) usually have periodontal diseases and alveolar bone loss. <strong>Objectives: </strong>The present s...<strong>Background: </strong>Type-2 diabetic patients (uncontrolled levels of glucose blood) usually have periodontal diseases and alveolar bone loss. <strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study was designed to clarify the impact of severity of periodontal bone loss and the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the periodontal clinical parameters of the 2017 World Workshop among type 2 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia (Saudi and non-Saudi). <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>This study was done on 298 type 2 diabetic patients, selected from the internship clinics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The selection of patients was dependent on the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and they were categorized into controlled (<7% HbA1c) and uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c). All patients were divided according to the severity of periodontal bone loss into three groups, group I: mild periodontal bone loss, group II: moderate periodontal bone loss, and group III: severe periodontal bone loss. Clinical evaluation of periodontal diseases was carried out by clinical parameters according to the 2017 World Workshop. All data were collected and analyzed. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant, and of <0.001 was considered highly significant. <strong>Results:</strong> The severity of periodontal bone loss were determined in controlled type 2 diabetics (<7% HbA1c) and compared to uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c). An increased percentage of patients with severe periodontal bone loss was observed in uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c) (42.9%), as compared to controlled type 2 diabetics (<7% HbA1c) (30.5%) without statistically significant (p = 0.251). An increased mean of age, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and percentage of radiographic bone loss (% RBL) were detected in controlled type 2 diabetics (<7% HbA1c), as compared to uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c). In contrast, we found an increased mean of plaque control record (PCR), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) in uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c) more than in controlled type 2 diabetics (<7% HbA1c) without statistically significant (p > 0.05). Moreover, the mean of age, PCR, CAL, % RBL, and PPD were more in the patients with severe periodontal bone loss, as compared to the patients with mild and moderate periodontal bone. Highly statistically significant differences were recorded (p < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study demonstrates the role of uncontrolled diabetes as a risk factor for the increase in the severity of periodontal bone loss. Thus, we suggest including the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with periodontal parameters in the evaluation of periodontal bone loss among type 2 diabetics.展开更多
Objective Chronic cardiovascular diseases induced by long-term poor blood glucose control are the main cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Previous researches report that methylenetetrahydro...Objective Chronic cardiovascular diseases induced by long-term poor blood glucose control are the main cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Previous researches report that methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene(MTHFR)polymorphisms might influence the occurrence of coronary heart disease(CHD)in T2DM patients.The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MTHFR C677T and A1298C mutations are associated with the risk of CHD inT2DM patients.Methods A total of 197 subjects with T2DM were studied,of which 95 patients with CHD.The genotypes of MTHFR C677T and A1298C were analyzed by using dideoxy chain-termination method,and compared between patients with CHD and those without CHD.Results We found that the frequency of the 677T allele was significantly higher in T2DM patients with CHD than those without CHD(P=0.011).However,there was no significant difference in any of the examined haplotypes between T2DM patients with and without CHD.Furthermore,the 677T allele was associated with a higher risk of CHD development in diabetic patients with lower homocysteine(Hey)levels(≤15μmol/L)(P=0.006),while no effect of MTHFR gene polymorphism on the incidence of CHD was found in patients with higher Hey levels(>15 μmol/L)(P=0.491).Conclusion The MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of CHD of diabetic patients and could be used as an effective marker for CHD in Chinese diabetic populations with normal Hey levels.展开更多
·AIM: To determine the effects of laser photocoagulation on serum levels of angiopoietin-1(Ang-1),angiopoietin-2(Ang-2), soluble angiopoietin receptor Tie-2(Tie-2), Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio and vascular endothelial grow...·AIM: To determine the effects of laser photocoagulation on serum levels of angiopoietin-1(Ang-1),angiopoietin-2(Ang-2), soluble angiopoietin receptor Tie-2(Tie-2), Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in patients with type 2diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR). We also explored the role of the Ang/Tie system in PDR.·METHODS:Totally 160patientswithT2 DM, including50 patients with non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR), 58 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR), and52 patients with PDR were enrolled in this study. Serum Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie-2 receptor and VEGF levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for all patients and were repeated in 26 patients who underwent laser photocoagulation two months after the procedure.·RESULTS:ThemedianlevelsofAng-2andVEGFinserum were significantly higher in the NPDR group(4.23 ng/mL and 303.2 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the NDR group(2.67 ng/mL and 159.8 pg/mL, respectively, P <0.01), with the highest level in the PDR group(6.26 ng/mL and531.2 pg/mL, respectively, P <0.01). The median level of Ang-1 was significantly higher in the NPDR group(10.77ng/mL) compared to the NDR group(9.31 ng/mL) and the PDR groups(9.54 ng/mL)(P <0.05), while no difference was observed between the PDR and NDR groups. Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio of PDR group was lowest in three groups(1.49 vs 2.69 and 2.90, both P <0.01). The median level of Tie-2was not significantly different among three groups(P >0.05).Ang-2 was positively correlated with VEGF and Tie-2 in the PDR and NPDR groups(both P <0.05). Among the 26 patients who underwent laser photocoagulation, serum Ang-2 and VEGF levels significantly decreased(both P <0.05), whereas serum Ang-1 level and Ang-1/Ang-2ratio were weakly increased(P >0.05). The median levels of Ang-2 and VEGF in serum were highest in PDR group,however, Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio of PDR group was lowest in three groups.·CONCLUSION: Laser photocoagulation can reduce serum Ang-2 and VEGF levels. The Ang/Tie system and VEGF play an important role in the development and progression of T2 DM patients with PDR.展开更多
Objective:To study the correlation of lipid ratios and individual lipid indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes with glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA<sub>1c</sub>).Methods:Samples were collected from 128 type ...Objective:To study the correlation of lipid ratios and individual lipid indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes with glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA<sub>1c</sub>).Methods:Samples were collected from 128 type 2 diabetic patients（aged 19-90 years;male 72,female 56）.The sera were analyzed for HbA<sub>1c</sub>,total cholesterol（TC）,triglycerides（TG）,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）.According to the HbA<sub>1e</sub> level,the patients were divided into three groups,group A(HbA<sub>?</sub>【7%,n=31),group B(7%【HbA<sub>1c</sub>【10%,n=48),and group C(HbA<sub>1c</sub>】10%,n=49).The correlation of HbA<sub>1c</sub>with lipid ratios & individual lipid indexes were analyzed.Results:With the increased level of HbA（1c）,LDL-C had a significantly increasing trend（P【0.05）;whereas TC went up with the increased HbA（1c）,without any significant differences between three groups.There was no significant correlation between HbA<sub>1c</sub> and TG or HDL-C. With the increased level of HbA<sub>1c</sub>,TC/HDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were gradually increased, with significant differences among groups（P【0.05）.The lipid ratios,especially LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was more susceptible to impaired lipid metabolism in T2DM patients than individual lipid. Conclusions:LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is helpful in assessing and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease caused by impaired lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Emblica officinalis(E.officinalis)fruit on normal and type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Type 2 diabetes was induced into the male Long-Evans rats.The rats...Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Emblica officinalis(E.officinalis)fruit on normal and type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Type 2 diabetes was induced into the male Long-Evans rats.The rats were divided into nine groups including control groups receiving water,type 2 diabetic controls,type 2 diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide(T2GT)and type 2diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of fruit pulp of E.officinalis.They were fed orally for8 weeks with a single feeding.Blood was collected by cutting the tail tip on 0 and 28 days and by decapitation on 56 day.Packed red blood cells and serum were used for evaluating different biochemical parameters.Results:Four weeks administration of aqueous extract of E.officinalis improved oral glucose tolerance in type 2 rats and after 8 weeks it caused significant(P<0.007)reduction in fasting serum glucose level compared to 0 day.Triglycerides decreased by 14%but there was no significant change in serum ALT,creatinine,cholesterol and insulin level in any group.Furthermore,reduced erythrocyte malondialdehyde level showed no significant change(P<0.07)but reduced glutathione content was found to be increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions:The aqueous extract of E.officinalis has a promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties and may be considered for further clinical studies in drug development.展开更多
BACKGROUND A recent investigation showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is 12.8%among individuals of Han ethnicity.Gut microbiota has been reported to play a central role in T2DM.Goto-Kakizaki(GK...BACKGROUND A recent investigation showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is 12.8%among individuals of Han ethnicity.Gut microbiota has been reported to play a central role in T2DM.Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats show differences in gut microbiota compared to non-diabetic rats.Previous studies have indicated that berberine could be successfully used to manage T2DM.We sought to understand its hypoglycaemic effect and role in the regulation of the gut microbiota.AIM To determine whether berberine can regulate glucose metabolism in GK rats via the gut microbiota.METHODS GK rats were acclimatized for 1 wk.The GK rats were randomly divided into three groups and administered saline(Mo),metformin(Me),or berberine(Be).The observation time was 8 wk,and weight,fasting blood glucose(FBG),insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)were measured.Pancreatic tissue was observed for pathological changes.Additionally,we sequenced the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the gut microbiota and analysed the structure.RESULTS Compared with the Mo group,the Me and Be groups displayed significant differences in FBG(P<0.01)and GLP-1(P<0.05).A significant decrease in weight and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance was noted in the Be group compared with those in the Me group(P<0.01).The pancreatic islets of the Me-and Be-treated rats showed improvement in number,shape,and necrosis compared with those of Mo-treated rats.A total of 580 operational taxonomic units were obtained in the three groups.Compared to the Mo group,the Me and Be groups showed a shift in the structure of the gut microbiota.Correlation analysis indicated that FBG was strongly positively correlated with Clostridia_UCG-014(P<0.01)and negatively correlated with Allobaculum(P<0.01).Body weight showed a positive correlation with Desulfovibrionaceae(P<0.01)and a negative correlation with Akkermansia(P<0.01).Importantly,our results demonstrated that Me and Be could significantly decrease Bacteroidetes(P<0.01)and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio(P<0.01).Furthermore,Muribaculaceae(P<0.01;P<0.05)was significantly decreased in the Me and Be groups,and Allobaculum(P<0.01)was significantly increased.CONCLUSION Berberine has a substantial effect in improving metabolic parameters and modulating the gut microbiota composition in T2DM rats.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81873090)Support Innovation and Development of Enterprise Technology Projects in Hubei Province (2021BLB174)the modern transmission and innovation research team of Traditional Chinese Medicine,South Central Minzu University。
文摘Our previous research studies have shown that Veratrilla baillonii Franch,a food supplement used by ethnic minorities in Southwest China,has multiple pharmacological activities,such as detoxification,antiinflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-insulin resistance.However,the detailed signal pathways for its salutary effect on damages in multiple organs due to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)remains unclear.The current study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of V.baillonii on T2DM rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms.The T2DM rat model was successfully established by a high-sugar and high-fat diet(HFD)combination with intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin(STZ,35 mg/kg).Biochemical analysis and histopatholgical examinations were conducted to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of water extracts of V.baillonii(WVBF).The results showed that the WVBF treatment can improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,ameliorate the liver,kidney and pancreas injuries via decreasing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α,and oxidative damages.Further investigation suggested that WVBF modulates the signal transductions of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 and AMPK pathways.These findings demonstrate potentials of WVBF in the treatment of T2DM and possible mechanisms for its hepatoprotective activities.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD0900902)Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(LGJ21C20001)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Project of China(2019C02076 and 2019C02075)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.
文摘Nowadays, chronic clinical manifestations of diabetemellitus constitute an important disease and a huge public health issue. Aim: Study the macroangiopathic complications in type 2 diabetics. Method: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical aim covering the period from January 2019 to December 31, 2021 in the Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition clinic of the National Teaching Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) We thus identified 150 type 2 diabetic patients. Results: The prevalence of macroangiopathy was 60% with 11.3% for stroke, 28.6% for acute coronary syndrom, 4% for cervical macroangiopathy, and 46.97% ± 25.36% for obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs (OALL). The mean age of the patients was 57.69 ± 1.77 years with a sex ratio 1. The duration of diabetes progression was greater than 10 years for more than half of the patients 52.6%. The main associated cardiovascular risk factors were arterial high blood pressure (64.7%), family history of diabetes (33.7%), obesity with 20.0%. The death rate was 7.3%. Conclusion: Macroangiopathy’s mortality rate of in type 2 diabetics is high. Prevention remains the best treatment and involves screening for factors associated with macroangiopathy.
文摘In Africa, the prevalence of diabetes is escalating and remains a concern due to the numerous complications it causes. Vascular damage associated with diabetes leads to a prothrombotic state observed in diabetic individuals. Diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease involving genetic components. With the aim of preventing complications and contributing to an efficient management of diabetes, we investigated genes likely to lead to a risk of thrombosis, in particular the C677T of MTHFR, G20210A of prothrombin, and R506Q of factor V Leiden in type 2 diabetics in Abidjan receiving ambulatory care. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on consenting type 2 diabetic patients. Mutation detection was carried out using the PCR-RFLP method employing restriction enzymes. Hemostasis tests (fibrinogen, D-dimers, fibrin monomers, and von Willebrand factor) were performed using citrate tubes on the Stage? Star Max automated system. Plasminogen activator inhibitor was assayed by ELISA method, and biochemical parameters were determined using the COBAS C311. The study population consisted of 45 diabetic patients, 51.1% of whom presented vascular complications, mainly neuropathy. Disturbances in hemostasis parameters were observed, with 15.5% of patients showing an increase in fibrin monomers. Mutation analysis revealed an absence of factor V mutation (factor V Leiden) and of G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene. However, 15.6% of subjects had a heterozygous C677T mutation of MTHFR, with 57% of them being anemic. The exploration of biological and genetic factors associated with thrombotic risk is of significant interest in the optimal management of African type 2 diabetics.
基金Supported by Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.201701D121159Shanxi Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission,No.2014016Health Commission of Shanxi Province,No.2019020.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-1 activation could be involved in the pathophysiological process of DCM by promoting oxidative stress,the inflammatory response,apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis.AIM To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide in improving myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats,further clarified the protective effect of liraglutide on the heart,and provided a new option for the treatment of DCM.METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats aged 6 wk were randomly divided into two groups,a normal control group(n=10)and a model group(n=30),which were fed an ordinary diet and a high-sugar and high-fat diet,respectively.After successful modeling,the rats in the model group were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 4 wk and randomly divided into a model group and an intervention group(further divided into a high-dose group and a low-dose group).The rats were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 wk and then started drug intervention.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to detect fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles.Intact heart tissue was dissected,and its weight was used to calculate the heart weight index.Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium and the expression of PARP-1 in the heart by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight and heart weight index of rats in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal control group,and those in the intervention group were decreased compared with those in the model group,with a more obvious decrease observed in the high-dose group(P<0.05).In the model group,myocardial fibers were disordered,and inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis were observed.The cardiomyopathy of rats in the intervention group was improved to different degrees,the myocardial fibers were arranged neatly,and the myocardial cells were clearly striated;the improvement was more obvious in the high-dose group.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue of the model group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After liraglutide intervention,compared with the model group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue was decreased,and the reduction was more obvious in the high-dose group(P<0.05)but still higher than that in the normal control group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may improve myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of myocardial PARP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.
文摘Background: Type II diabetes mellitus is associated with multiple metabolic derangements which can cause secondary pathophysiological changes in multiple organ systems. This in turn can impose a heavy burden of morbidity and mortality from micro‑ and macro‑vascular complications. This study aimed to describe the metabolic and therapeutic profile of a subgroup of type 2 diabetic patients who have treatment failure with oral anti-hyperglycemic agents with persistent hyperglycemia despite insulin treatment. Methods: 60 type 2 diabetic patients in treatment failure with oral antidiabetics and under insulin treatment, aged 35 to 70 years, were recruited at the Diabetes Clinic of the University Teaching Hospital of Treichville in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Blood samples were collected in tubes containing Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) to determine glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: The average age of the population was 54 ± 9.38 years with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.3, an average BMI of 30.25 ± 5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and an average HbA1c of 10.1% ± 1.6% for an average diabetes duration of 11.8 ± 5.8 years. The average insulin dose was 74.556 ± 16.21 UI/day, and the average duration of insulin treatment was 5.4 ± 3.1 years. The average HbA1c value was 10.1% ± 1.87% in men against 10.03% ± 1.53% in women with no significant difference (p = 0.1). The mean HbA1c values according to patient weight were 10.08% ± 2.05% for normal weight, 9.55% ± 2.26% for overweight, and 10.57% for obese, with no significant difference between the three groups of patients (p = 0.1). Conclusion: This study showed a persistence increase in glycated hemoglobin regardless of the treatment regimen, duration, and dose of insulin treatment in the subpopulation of type 2 diabetic patients.
基金supported by a competitive research grant from the Research Office,University of KwaZulu-Natal(UKZN),Durbanan incentive grant for rated researchers and a grant support for women and young researchers from the National Research Foundation(NRF),Pretoria,South Africa.
文摘Red honeybush tea(RHT)is a tea product developed from Cyclopia spp.which is endemic to South Africa.Aside refreshment,RHT has over the years been used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including type 2 diabetes.This study investigated the in vivo antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of RHT concentrated hot water extract in type 2 diabetes(T2D)model of rats.T2D was induced starting with feeding 10%fructose solution ad libitum for 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(40 mg/kg body weight(BW)).Five weeks of treatment of RHT led to significant(P<0.05)elevation in serum insulin,pancreaticβ-cell function,HDL-C levels with concomitant decrease in AST,ALT,ALP,urea,CK-MB,fructosamine,total cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL-C,and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.RHT also signifi cantly(P<0.05)decreased MDA levels and enhanced level of GSH,activity of SOD,catalase,GR in most of organs(pancreas,liver,kidneys,and heart).Signifi cantly(P<0.05)improved morphological changes in the islets andβ-cells were observed in rats treated with RHT.The data of this study suggest that RHT demonstrates an outstanding antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects in STZ-induced T2D model of rats.
基金the Clinical Research and Cultivation Plan Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,No.2021LCYB17.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,the lack of comparative studies between weekly and daily formulations of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for glucose excursion is worth investigation.AIM To investigate the effects of weekly and daily formulations of GLP-1RA on glucose excursion and inflammation in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS Seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.All patients were treated with metformin.We evaluated changes in blood glucose levels and a series of important indicators in patients before and after treatment with either a weekly or daily preparation of GLP-1RA(group A;n=33 and group B;n=37).RESULTS The degree of decrease in the levels of fasting blood glucose,mean blood glucose,mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,total cholesterol,triglycerides,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after treatment in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0.05),whereas the 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels decreased more so in group B than in group A(P<0.001).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of glycated hemoglobin,standard deviation of blood glucose,coefficient of variation,absolute mean of daily differences,percentage of time with 3.9 mmol/L<glucose<10 mmol/L,and high-and low-density lipoproteins between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in group A than in group B(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The effect of the weekly preparation of GLP-1RA in controlling blood glucose levels in the patients,suppressing inflammation,and reducing adverse reactions was significantly higher than that of the daily preparations,which is worthy of clinical promotion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81460591)Hainan Medical University Training Fund(HY2018-09)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-diabetic effect of the root extract of Annona muricata(AME)in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mice.Methods:After 4 weeks of high-fat diet,ICR mice were given 1 g/kg nicotine and 120 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ)orally to construct a T2DM model.The T2DM mice were randomly divided into five groups:model group,200 mg/kg metformin group and 50,100,200 mg/kg AME groups.Drugs were oral administered continuously for 4 weeks.Fasting blood glucose and body weight were measured weekly.Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and detection of serum glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)level were performed one week before the end of the experiment.At the end of drug administration,serum total cholesterol(TG),triglycerides(TC),low-density lipoprotein levels(LDL-C)and insulin levels were tested by lipid detection kits;homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and HOMA-βindexes were calculated.Liver and kidney tissues were weighed to calculate organ indices and pathological tests were performed.Western blot was performed in the liver to detect adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC),glucose-6-phosphate carboxylase(G6Pase),and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PCK1)protein expression.Results:with 200 mg/kg AME significantly reduced fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,TG and LDL-C levels,protected liver and kindey in diabetic mice,decreased the area under the OGTT curve,inhibited ACC and G6Pase protein expressions,and activated AMPK protein expression.Conclusion:AME showed good therapeutic activity against T2DM,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK and inhibition of ACC and G6Pase proteins.
基金supported by 2020 College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(X202011810069)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81460591)。
文摘Objective:To explore the anti-diabetic effects and its underlying mechanism of Annona muricata Linn fruit ethanol extract(AME).Methods:Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mouse model was constructed.Those diabetic mice were randomly grouped and given 50 mg/kg acarbose or AME(200 mg/kg,100 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg)for four weeks.The body weight,postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured during the administration.After the administration,a glucose tolerance test was performed,and the levels of triglycerides,cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in mice were detected by biochemical test kits.The inhibitory activity of AME onα-glucosidase in vivo and in vitro was determined by enzyme inhibition tests.Results:AME significantly reduced weight gain,postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein levels in T2DM mice;enhanced glucose tolerance and pancreaticβ-cell function of T2DM mice;inhibitedα-glucosidase activity in mouse intestine in an noncompetitive manner.Conclusion:AME may noncompetitive inhibitα-glucosidase activity and reduce postprandial glucose intake to achieve a therapeutic and regulatory effect on type 2 diabetes.
文摘Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes alters the immune system, increasing the risk of susceptibility to viral infections such as hepatitis B and C infections. This study aimed to determine the frequency of hepatitis B and C and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetics. This was a cross-sectional study conducted over six months. It was conducted at the National Obesity Center (NOC) of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH), Cameroon. 100 diabetic patients, with a mean age of 58.41 ± 10.74 years were enrolled in the study. The socio-demographic characteristics of the study population and the risk factors for virus transmission were recorded using a pre-established questionnaire. HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies were revealed by a rapid diagnostic test. Liver function markers’ activities were determined. Commercial kits were used to evaluate the patient’s serum lipid profile, serum fasting glucose level, urea, creatinine, and albumin. With a sex ratio of 3:1, women outnumbered men. Risk factors for HCV and HBV infections evocated by the population were dental care (50%), followed by alcohol consumption (41%). HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies frequency was 3% and 8% respectively. No cases of coinfection were found. In general, hypertriglyceridemia with a mean of 1.61 ± 0.46 g/L and hyperglycemia of 1.35 ± 0.45 g/L were noted. A significant difference (p = 0.028) was found in HDL-cholesterol values between non-co-affected diabetics and HCV+ diabetics. The effect of the duration of diabetes on biochemical parameters revealed that albumin was the only significant decrease over time (p = 0.013). Based on these results, the metabolic profile of patients was altered. It is important to take note of the prevalence of hepatitis seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus since it demonstrates the potential link between both illnesses. Thus, early detection could prevent complications related to B and C hepatitis infections in type 2 diabetics.
文摘Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic multifactorial disease which requires a variety of strategies to reduce its epidemic. Type 2 diabetes (T2MD) is the most common form of diabetes which results from inefficiency of insulin secretion or resistance to insulin action, both of which lead to chronic hyperglycemia. Lipid peroxidation is an oxidative stress process that involve in T2DM complications. This study aimed to 1) determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation in Sudanese patients with T2DM, and 2) assess the associations between MDA and diabetes-related variables. Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at the National University, Sudan. It included 100 participants, of whom 50 were T2DM patients and 50 were healthy controls. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and biochemical markers (FBS, HbA1c, and MDA) were collected. The NycoCard HbA1c method and the GOD-POD Method were used for HbA1c and glucose measurement, respectively. MDA was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version. Results: Significant differences were observed between T2DM patients and healthy controls in FBS (P = 0.000), HbA1c (P = 0.000), and MDA (P = 0.010), with T2DM patients exhibiting higher levels. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between MDA levels and the duration of diabetes (r = 0.69, P = 0.00), while other variables, including age, BMI, and glucose control, did not significantly correlate with MDA levels. Conclusion: Findings revealed elevated MDA levels in Sudanese T2DM patients, with a positive correlation between MDA and diabetes duration. These findings emphasize the importance of oxidative stress in T2DM pathogenesis and call for the need for targeted strategies to mitigate oxidative damage and improve diabetes care.
基金Fujian Health Research Talents Training Program,No.2019-1-42National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81702073and Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Project,No.2020J01955.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)patients have a high short-term mortality rate,and the severity evaluation of ACLF is necessary for prognostication.Therefore,it was meaningful to evaluate the association between type 2 diabetic mellitus(DM)and ACLF and further explore the feasibility of using DM as a prognostic indicator in ACLF patients.The association between type 2 DM and the prognosis of patients with severe liver disease remains unclear.AIM To examine the effect of type 2 DM on the prognosis of patients with ACLF.METHODS Clinical data from 222 ACLF patients were collected and analyzed.The patients were categorized into two groups depending on whether they had DM or not,and the clinical data of ACLF patients were measured within 48 h after admission.Complications of ACLF were documented during treatment,such as hepatic encephalopathy,hepatorenal syndrome,acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,and spontaneous peritonitis(SBP).Values of laboratory parameters,complication rates,and hospital mortality rates were compared between two groups.RESULTS Among 222 ACLF patients,38 cases were categorized into DM groups,the mean age was 56.32 years and 73.68%were male.The prognosis of ACLF patients was significantly correlated with DM in univariate[hazard ratio(HR)=2.4,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.5-3.7,P<0.001]and multivariable analysis(HR=3.17,95%CI=1.82-5.523,P<0.001).The incident of SBP(34.21%vs 13.59%,P=0.038)and other infections like lung,urinary,blood,and cholecyst(44.74%vs 28.26%,P=0.046)were higher in DM patients than non-DM counterparts.In addition,the ACLF patients with DM tended to have a high mortality rate(P<0.001).Cumulative survival time was also significantly shorter in the ACLF patients with DM than non-DM.CONCLUSION A significant association between DM and the prognosis of ACLF patients was found in China.The ACLF patients with DM had higher incidence of hospital mortality and infection than those without DM.
基金National Key Research and Development Projects:Demonstration Study on Early Identification(No.2018YFC2002500)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of external counterpulsation combined with lipoic acid in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetic foot of grade 0-2.Methods:62 patients with diabetic foot from January 2019 to October 2020 were selected and divided into control group and external counterpulsation group according to different treatment schemes,31 cases in each group.The control group was given intravenous lipoic acid,and the external counterpulsation group was given external counterpulsation combined with intravenous lipoic acid.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared,and the blood flow parameters,ankle brachial index and common peroneal nerve conduction velocity of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results:The total effective rate of the treatment group(93.54%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(48.38%)(P<0.05).After treatment,the vessel diameter of dorsalis pedis artery(2.552±0.024mm)and ankle brachial index(0.923±0.036)in ECP group were significantly higher than those in control group(1.864±0.020)and ankle brachial index(0.843±0.030)(P<0.05).After the control group and the external counterpulsation group were treated,the levels of serum of VEGF,bFGF、IGF-1(85.479±4.239,148.27±14.25,62.33±3.75;94.163±8.917,200.88±14.58,81.35±1.08)was significantly higher than that before treatment(57.264±0.801,106.44±3.83,30.90±0.42;57.133±0.850,106.78±3.69,31.01±0.56),the levels of MMP-2(2.035±0.08,1.417±0.21)after treatment in the control group and the external counter stroke group after treatment(2.035±0.08,1.417±0.21)was significantly lower than that after treatment.The levels of VEGF,bFGF and IGF-1 in ECP group were significantly higher than those in control group,and MMP-2 was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The clinical effect of external counterpulsation combined with lipoic acid in the treatment of type 2 diabetic foot with grade 0-2 is significant,which can effectively improve the blood flow parameters of dorsal foot artery,ankle brachial index and common peroneal nerve conduction velocity,with less adverse reactions.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Type-2 diabetic patients (uncontrolled levels of glucose blood) usually have periodontal diseases and alveolar bone loss. <strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study was designed to clarify the impact of severity of periodontal bone loss and the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the periodontal clinical parameters of the 2017 World Workshop among type 2 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia (Saudi and non-Saudi). <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>This study was done on 298 type 2 diabetic patients, selected from the internship clinics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The selection of patients was dependent on the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and they were categorized into controlled (<7% HbA1c) and uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c). All patients were divided according to the severity of periodontal bone loss into three groups, group I: mild periodontal bone loss, group II: moderate periodontal bone loss, and group III: severe periodontal bone loss. Clinical evaluation of periodontal diseases was carried out by clinical parameters according to the 2017 World Workshop. All data were collected and analyzed. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant, and of <0.001 was considered highly significant. <strong>Results:</strong> The severity of periodontal bone loss were determined in controlled type 2 diabetics (<7% HbA1c) and compared to uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c). An increased percentage of patients with severe periodontal bone loss was observed in uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c) (42.9%), as compared to controlled type 2 diabetics (<7% HbA1c) (30.5%) without statistically significant (p = 0.251). An increased mean of age, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and percentage of radiographic bone loss (% RBL) were detected in controlled type 2 diabetics (<7% HbA1c), as compared to uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c). In contrast, we found an increased mean of plaque control record (PCR), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) in uncontrolled type 2 diabetics (>7% HbA1c) more than in controlled type 2 diabetics (<7% HbA1c) without statistically significant (p > 0.05). Moreover, the mean of age, PCR, CAL, % RBL, and PPD were more in the patients with severe periodontal bone loss, as compared to the patients with mild and moderate periodontal bone. Highly statistically significant differences were recorded (p < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study demonstrates the role of uncontrolled diabetes as a risk factor for the increase in the severity of periodontal bone loss. Thus, we suggest including the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with periodontal parameters in the evaluation of periodontal bone loss among type 2 diabetics.
基金the National Key Development Plan for Precision Medicine Research(project number:2017YFC0910004,running period:2018/03-2020/12)Jinan Science Project(project number:201602171,running period:2016/01-2018/12).
文摘Objective Chronic cardiovascular diseases induced by long-term poor blood glucose control are the main cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Previous researches report that methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene(MTHFR)polymorphisms might influence the occurrence of coronary heart disease(CHD)in T2DM patients.The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MTHFR C677T and A1298C mutations are associated with the risk of CHD inT2DM patients.Methods A total of 197 subjects with T2DM were studied,of which 95 patients with CHD.The genotypes of MTHFR C677T and A1298C were analyzed by using dideoxy chain-termination method,and compared between patients with CHD and those without CHD.Results We found that the frequency of the 677T allele was significantly higher in T2DM patients with CHD than those without CHD(P=0.011).However,there was no significant difference in any of the examined haplotypes between T2DM patients with and without CHD.Furthermore,the 677T allele was associated with a higher risk of CHD development in diabetic patients with lower homocysteine(Hey)levels(≤15μmol/L)(P=0.006),while no effect of MTHFR gene polymorphism on the incidence of CHD was found in patients with higher Hey levels(>15 μmol/L)(P=0.491).Conclusion The MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of CHD of diabetic patients and could be used as an effective marker for CHD in Chinese diabetic populations with normal Hey levels.
文摘·AIM: To determine the effects of laser photocoagulation on serum levels of angiopoietin-1(Ang-1),angiopoietin-2(Ang-2), soluble angiopoietin receptor Tie-2(Tie-2), Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in patients with type 2diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR). We also explored the role of the Ang/Tie system in PDR.·METHODS:Totally 160patientswithT2 DM, including50 patients with non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR), 58 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR), and52 patients with PDR were enrolled in this study. Serum Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie-2 receptor and VEGF levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for all patients and were repeated in 26 patients who underwent laser photocoagulation two months after the procedure.·RESULTS:ThemedianlevelsofAng-2andVEGFinserum were significantly higher in the NPDR group(4.23 ng/mL and 303.2 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the NDR group(2.67 ng/mL and 159.8 pg/mL, respectively, P <0.01), with the highest level in the PDR group(6.26 ng/mL and531.2 pg/mL, respectively, P <0.01). The median level of Ang-1 was significantly higher in the NPDR group(10.77ng/mL) compared to the NDR group(9.31 ng/mL) and the PDR groups(9.54 ng/mL)(P <0.05), while no difference was observed between the PDR and NDR groups. Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio of PDR group was lowest in three groups(1.49 vs 2.69 and 2.90, both P <0.01). The median level of Tie-2was not significantly different among three groups(P >0.05).Ang-2 was positively correlated with VEGF and Tie-2 in the PDR and NPDR groups(both P <0.05). Among the 26 patients who underwent laser photocoagulation, serum Ang-2 and VEGF levels significantly decreased(both P <0.05), whereas serum Ang-1 level and Ang-1/Ang-2ratio were weakly increased(P >0.05). The median levels of Ang-2 and VEGF in serum were highest in PDR group,however, Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio of PDR group was lowest in three groups.·CONCLUSION: Laser photocoagulation can reduce serum Ang-2 and VEGF levels. The Ang/Tie system and VEGF play an important role in the development and progression of T2 DM patients with PDR.
文摘Objective:To study the correlation of lipid ratios and individual lipid indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes with glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA<sub>1c</sub>).Methods:Samples were collected from 128 type 2 diabetic patients（aged 19-90 years;male 72,female 56）.The sera were analyzed for HbA<sub>1c</sub>,total cholesterol（TC）,triglycerides（TG）,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）.According to the HbA<sub>1e</sub> level,the patients were divided into three groups,group A(HbA<sub>?</sub>【7%,n=31),group B(7%【HbA<sub>1c</sub>【10%,n=48),and group C(HbA<sub>1c</sub>】10%,n=49).The correlation of HbA<sub>1c</sub>with lipid ratios & individual lipid indexes were analyzed.Results:With the increased level of HbA（1c）,LDL-C had a significantly increasing trend（P【0.05）;whereas TC went up with the increased HbA（1c）,without any significant differences between three groups.There was no significant correlation between HbA<sub>1c</sub> and TG or HDL-C. With the increased level of HbA<sub>1c</sub>,TC/HDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were gradually increased, with significant differences among groups（P【0.05）.The lipid ratios,especially LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was more susceptible to impaired lipid metabolism in T2DM patients than individual lipid. Conclusions:LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is helpful in assessing and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease caused by impaired lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients.
基金Shahhag, Dhaka. Bangladesh, for providing technical moral ami financial support for this project
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Emblica officinalis(E.officinalis)fruit on normal and type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Type 2 diabetes was induced into the male Long-Evans rats.The rats were divided into nine groups including control groups receiving water,type 2 diabetic controls,type 2 diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide(T2GT)and type 2diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of fruit pulp of E.officinalis.They were fed orally for8 weeks with a single feeding.Blood was collected by cutting the tail tip on 0 and 28 days and by decapitation on 56 day.Packed red blood cells and serum were used for evaluating different biochemical parameters.Results:Four weeks administration of aqueous extract of E.officinalis improved oral glucose tolerance in type 2 rats and after 8 weeks it caused significant(P<0.007)reduction in fasting serum glucose level compared to 0 day.Triglycerides decreased by 14%but there was no significant change in serum ALT,creatinine,cholesterol and insulin level in any group.Furthermore,reduced erythrocyte malondialdehyde level showed no significant change(P<0.07)but reduced glutathione content was found to be increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions:The aqueous extract of E.officinalis has a promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties and may be considered for further clinical studies in drug development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81603574 and No.81774286National Key Research and Development Program,No.2018YFC1704202 and No.2020YFE0201800+1 种基金University Scientific Research Projects of Anhui,No.KJ2020A0401 and No.KJ2019A0442Province Science Foundation of Anhui,No.1708085QH213.
文摘BACKGROUND A recent investigation showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is 12.8%among individuals of Han ethnicity.Gut microbiota has been reported to play a central role in T2DM.Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats show differences in gut microbiota compared to non-diabetic rats.Previous studies have indicated that berberine could be successfully used to manage T2DM.We sought to understand its hypoglycaemic effect and role in the regulation of the gut microbiota.AIM To determine whether berberine can regulate glucose metabolism in GK rats via the gut microbiota.METHODS GK rats were acclimatized for 1 wk.The GK rats were randomly divided into three groups and administered saline(Mo),metformin(Me),or berberine(Be).The observation time was 8 wk,and weight,fasting blood glucose(FBG),insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)were measured.Pancreatic tissue was observed for pathological changes.Additionally,we sequenced the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the gut microbiota and analysed the structure.RESULTS Compared with the Mo group,the Me and Be groups displayed significant differences in FBG(P<0.01)and GLP-1(P<0.05).A significant decrease in weight and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance was noted in the Be group compared with those in the Me group(P<0.01).The pancreatic islets of the Me-and Be-treated rats showed improvement in number,shape,and necrosis compared with those of Mo-treated rats.A total of 580 operational taxonomic units were obtained in the three groups.Compared to the Mo group,the Me and Be groups showed a shift in the structure of the gut microbiota.Correlation analysis indicated that FBG was strongly positively correlated with Clostridia_UCG-014(P<0.01)and negatively correlated with Allobaculum(P<0.01).Body weight showed a positive correlation with Desulfovibrionaceae(P<0.01)and a negative correlation with Akkermansia(P<0.01).Importantly,our results demonstrated that Me and Be could significantly decrease Bacteroidetes(P<0.01)and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio(P<0.01).Furthermore,Muribaculaceae(P<0.01;P<0.05)was significantly decreased in the Me and Be groups,and Allobaculum(P<0.01)was significantly increased.CONCLUSION Berberine has a substantial effect in improving metabolic parameters and modulating the gut microbiota composition in T2DM rats.
