Pulsed anodic oxidation technique, a new way of forming current blocking layers, was successfully used in ridge-waveguide QW laser fabrication. This method was applied in 980 nm VCSELs fabrication to form a high-quali...Pulsed anodic oxidation technique, a new way of forming current blocking layers, was successfully used in ridge-waveguide QW laser fabrication. This method was applied in 980 nm VCSELs fabrication to form a high-quality native oxide current blocking layer, which simplifies the device process. A significant reduction of threshold current and a distinguished device performance are achieved. The 500 μm diameter device has a current threshold as low as 0.48 W. The maximum CW operation output power at room temperature is 1.48 W. The lateral divergence angle θ‖ and vertical divergence angle θ⊥ are as low as 15.3° and 13.8° without side-lobes at a current of 6 A.展开更多
The polarization switching(PS) and polarization bistability(PB) characteristics of a 1550-nm vertical-cavity surfaceemitting laser(VCSEL) subjected to orthogonal optical injection are systematically investigated.The s...The polarization switching(PS) and polarization bistability(PB) characteristics of a 1550-nm vertical-cavity surfaceemitting laser(VCSEL) subjected to orthogonal optical injection are systematically investigated.The simulated results show that the PS and polarization-resolved nonlinear dynamical states of the VCSEL are critically dependent on the changing paths of the injected power.The polarization dynamics for different scanning directions of the injected power is presented to explain the polarization evolution during the formation of PS.In the case of forward scanning injected power,with the increase of frequency detuning level between the VCSEL and the injected light,the injected power required for PS gradually increases for negative frequency detuning but exhibits fluctuations for positive frequency detuning.In the case of reversely scanning injected power,the injected power required for PS displays fluctuant changes within the whole frequency detuning range.Specifically,PS may disappear under certain negative frequency detuning and large bias current.Furthermore,the hysteresis width as a function of the frequency detuning is calculated,and the regions for the appearance and disappearance of PB have been determined in the parameter space of the bias current and frequency detuning.展开更多
Using the dynamical properties of the polarization bistability that depends on the detuning of the injected light,we propose a novel approach to implement reliable all-optical stochastic logic gates in the cascaded ve...Using the dynamical properties of the polarization bistability that depends on the detuning of the injected light,we propose a novel approach to implement reliable all-optical stochastic logic gates in the cascaded vertical cavity surface emitting lasers(VCSELs) with optical-injection.Here,two logic inputs are encoded in the detuning of the injected light from a tunable CW laser.The logic outputs are decoded from the two orthogonal polarization lights emitted from the optically injected VCSELs.For the same logic inputs,under electro-optic modulation,we perform various digital signal processing(NOT,AND,NAND,XOR,XNOR,OR,NOR) in the all-optical domain by controlling the logic operation of the applied electric field.Also we explore their delay storages by using the mechanism of the generalized chaotic synchronization.To quantify the reliabilities of these logic gates,we further demonstrate their success probabilities.展开更多
We establish a novel method of controlling the transverse modes of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers(VCSELs)to achieve 1 mW single-fundamental-mode lasing. A dielectric mode filter is installed on top of the VCS...We establish a novel method of controlling the transverse modes of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers(VCSELs)to achieve 1 mW single-fundamental-mode lasing. A dielectric mode filter is installed on top of the VCSEL. The dielectric layer(SiO_2) is deposited and patterned to modify the mirror reflectivity across the oxide aperture via antiphase reflections.This mode selection is nondestructive and universally applicable for other structures under single transverse mode. Destructive etching techniques(dry/wet) or epitaxial regrowth are also not required. This method simplifies the preparation process and improves the repeatability of the device. Measurements show that under continuous-wave current injection, the side-mode suppression ratio exceeds 30 dB.展开更多
Thin film p-side up vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)with 940 nm wavelength on a composite metal(Copper/Invar/Copper;CIC)substrate has been demonstrated by twice-bonding transfer and substrate removing t...Thin film p-side up vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)with 940 nm wavelength on a composite metal(Copper/Invar/Copper;CIC)substrate has been demonstrated by twice-bonding transfer and substrate removing techniques.The CIC substrate is a sandwich structure with a 10µm thick Copper(Cu)layer/30µm thick Invar layer/10µm thick Cu layer.The Invar layer was composed of Iron(Fe)and Nickel(Ni)with a proportion of 70:30.The thermal expansion coefcient of the composite CIC metal can match that of the GaAs substrate.It results that the VCSEL layers can be successfully transferred to CIC metal substrate without cracking.At 1 mA current,the top-emitting VCSEL/GaAs and thin-flm VCSEL/CIC had a voltage of 1.39 and 1.37 V,respectively.The optical output powers of VCSEL/GaAs and VCSEL/CIC were 21.91 and 24.40 mW,respectively.The 50µm thick CIC substrate can play a good heat dissipation function,which results in improving the electrical and optical characteristics of thin flm VCSELs/CIC.The VCSEL/CIC exhibited a superior thermal management capability as compared with VCSEL/GaAs.The obtained data suggested that VCSELs on a composite metal substrate not only afected signifcantly the characteristics of thin film VCSEL,but also improved considerably the device thermal performance.展开更多
VCSEL Injection locking is demonstrated to increase laser bandwidth and reduce non-linearity and chirp. All these properties enhance analog and digital modulation performance.
文摘Pulsed anodic oxidation technique, a new way of forming current blocking layers, was successfully used in ridge-waveguide QW laser fabrication. This method was applied in 980 nm VCSELs fabrication to form a high-quality native oxide current blocking layer, which simplifies the device process. A significant reduction of threshold current and a distinguished device performance are achieved. The 500 μm diameter device has a current threshold as low as 0.48 W. The maximum CW operation output power at room temperature is 1.48 W. The lateral divergence angle θ‖ and vertical divergence angle θ⊥ are as low as 15.3° and 13.8° without side-lobes at a current of 6 A.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61178011,61275116,and 61475127)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City,China(Grant No.2012jjB40011)
文摘The polarization switching(PS) and polarization bistability(PB) characteristics of a 1550-nm vertical-cavity surfaceemitting laser(VCSEL) subjected to orthogonal optical injection are systematically investigated.The simulated results show that the PS and polarization-resolved nonlinear dynamical states of the VCSEL are critically dependent on the changing paths of the injected power.The polarization dynamics for different scanning directions of the injected power is presented to explain the polarization evolution during the formation of PS.In the case of forward scanning injected power,with the increase of frequency detuning level between the VCSEL and the injected light,the injected power required for PS gradually increases for negative frequency detuning but exhibits fluctuations for positive frequency detuning.In the case of reversely scanning injected power,the injected power required for PS displays fluctuant changes within the whole frequency detuning range.Specifically,PS may disappear under certain negative frequency detuning and large bias current.Furthermore,the hysteresis width as a function of the frequency detuning is calculated,and the regions for the appearance and disappearance of PB have been determined in the parameter space of the bias current and frequency detuning.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61475120)the Innovative Projects in Guangdong Colleges and Universities,China(Grant Nos.2014KTSCX134 and 2015KTSCX146)
文摘Using the dynamical properties of the polarization bistability that depends on the detuning of the injected light,we propose a novel approach to implement reliable all-optical stochastic logic gates in the cascaded vertical cavity surface emitting lasers(VCSELs) with optical-injection.Here,two logic inputs are encoded in the detuning of the injected light from a tunable CW laser.The logic outputs are decoded from the two orthogonal polarization lights emitted from the optically injected VCSELs.For the same logic inputs,under electro-optic modulation,we perform various digital signal processing(NOT,AND,NAND,XOR,XNOR,OR,NOR) in the all-optical domain by controlling the logic operation of the applied electric field.Also we explore their delay storages by using the mechanism of the generalized chaotic synchronization.To quantify the reliabilities of these logic gates,we further demonstrate their success probabilities.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Project,China(Grant No.2017YFB0503200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61434005,61474118,11774343,and 11674314)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20160203013GX)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,China(Grant No.2017260)
文摘We establish a novel method of controlling the transverse modes of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers(VCSELs)to achieve 1 mW single-fundamental-mode lasing. A dielectric mode filter is installed on top of the VCSEL. The dielectric layer(SiO_2) is deposited and patterned to modify the mirror reflectivity across the oxide aperture via antiphase reflections.This mode selection is nondestructive and universally applicable for other structures under single transverse mode. Destructive etching techniques(dry/wet) or epitaxial regrowth are also not required. This method simplifies the preparation process and improves the repeatability of the device. Measurements show that under continuous-wave current injection, the side-mode suppression ratio exceeds 30 dB.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Council,Taiwan,China under the grants NSTC 109-2634-F-009-028,110-2224-E-A49-003,111-2634-F-A49-007,and 111-2218-E-A49-019-MBK,Ingentec Corp.and the Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science of Yang Ming Chiao Tung University from the Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project(Taiwan,China)funding and material measurement support(grant number:2022-T-018)and we thank Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute for facilities supporting.
文摘Thin film p-side up vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)with 940 nm wavelength on a composite metal(Copper/Invar/Copper;CIC)substrate has been demonstrated by twice-bonding transfer and substrate removing techniques.The CIC substrate is a sandwich structure with a 10µm thick Copper(Cu)layer/30µm thick Invar layer/10µm thick Cu layer.The Invar layer was composed of Iron(Fe)and Nickel(Ni)with a proportion of 70:30.The thermal expansion coefcient of the composite CIC metal can match that of the GaAs substrate.It results that the VCSEL layers can be successfully transferred to CIC metal substrate without cracking.At 1 mA current,the top-emitting VCSEL/GaAs and thin-flm VCSEL/CIC had a voltage of 1.39 and 1.37 V,respectively.The optical output powers of VCSEL/GaAs and VCSEL/CIC were 21.91 and 24.40 mW,respectively.The 50µm thick CIC substrate can play a good heat dissipation function,which results in improving the electrical and optical characteristics of thin flm VCSELs/CIC.The VCSEL/CIC exhibited a superior thermal management capability as compared with VCSEL/GaAs.The obtained data suggested that VCSELs on a composite metal substrate not only afected signifcantly the characteristics of thin film VCSEL,but also improved considerably the device thermal performance.
文摘为解决当前常用煤矿氧气检测仪器易受交叉气体干扰且功耗大的问题,基于GD32F303RCT6微控制器和ADN8834热电冷却控制器,设计了一种软启动开关电路控制的垂直腔面发射激光器(Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Laser,VCSEL)高精度驱动及温控电路。驱动电路中,高频正弦波信号和低频锯齿波信号叠加的二进制数据由微控制器产生,经信号发生电路、电压电流转换电路转化成VCSEL高精度驱动电流信号;温控电路中,设计基于比例积分微分(Proportional Integral Differential,PID)补偿电路和数模转换控制器(Digital to Analog Converter,DAC)目标温度控制电路实现激光器温度自动调节。测试结果表明:驱动电路的电流输出区间为0.680~1.360 mA;锯齿波频率误差小于0.5%,正弦波频率误差小于0.1%;氧气吸收峰扫描精度高达0.07 pm,对应电流扫描精度为0.12μA;温控电路的温度控制精度为±0.012℃。满足了可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy,TDLAS)煤矿氧气检测应用需求。
文摘VCSEL Injection locking is demonstrated to increase laser bandwidth and reduce non-linearity and chirp. All these properties enhance analog and digital modulation performance.
