Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids （NLs）, phospholipids （PLs） and free fatty acids （FFAs） from intramuscular fat （IMF）, lipid oxidation and lipase activity in muscle Semimembranosus （SM） and msucle Bic...Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids （NLs）, phospholipids （PLs） and free fatty acids （FFAs） from intramuscular fat （IMF）, lipid oxidation and lipase activity in muscle Semimembranosus （SM） and msucle Biceps femoris （BF） of dry-cured Xuanwei ham during the 90-d salting stages were analysed. The salt content increased from 0.34 to 3.52%in BF and from 0.10 to 5.42%in SM during the 90 d salting stage, respectively. PLs of IMF in both BF and SM decreased 54.70%（P〈0.001） and 34.64%（P〈0.05）, furthermore, the saturated fatty acids （SFA）, monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） and polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） of PLs in both muscles were hydrolysed almost isochronously. FFAs were increased from 0.46 g 100 g-1 lipids to 2.92 g 100 g-1 lipids in BF at the end of salting, which was lower than SM （from 1.29 g 100 g-1 lipids to 9.70 g 100 g-1 lipids）. The activities of acid lipase, neutral lipase and acid phospholipase all remained active in the 90 d. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） was slowly increased to 1.34 mg kg-1 muscle in BF and to 2.44 mg kg-1 muscle in SM during the salting stage. In conclusion, the controlled salting process prompted the hydrolysis of PLs of IMF notably and increased the lipid oxidation of muscles within some limits.展开更多
Xuanwei Formation is composed of mudstone,siltstone,and sandstone,with local conglomerate.However,its provenance and tectonic setting have been scarcely studied.In this paper,we use sedimentology,electron probe microa...Xuanwei Formation is composed of mudstone,siltstone,and sandstone,with local conglomerate.However,its provenance and tectonic setting have been scarcely studied.In this paper,we use sedimentology,electron probe microanalysis(EPMA),and detrital zircon dating to investigate its source area and depositional tectonic setting.The facies assemblages indicate that it formed in alluvial fan and fluvial river sedimentary environments.The strata thicknesses and facies distribution indicate that the sediment supply was from the west.The results of EPMA show that chromian spinels within the sediments are characterized by high Cr#and varying Mg#.Discrimination plots suggest that these spinels were sourced from large igneous province(LIP)magmatic rocks.The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)U–Pb chronology of detrital zircons suggests that the sediments were derived from intermediate–acid igneous rocks dating back to 251–260?Ma.We could,therefore,conclude that the provenance of the Xuanwei Formation is from Emeishan basalt and synchronous felsic igneous rocks,which is consistent with the composition of the detrital framework.The detrital zircon dates also suggest that felsic magmatism occurred during the Late Permian,not after the eruption of the Emeishan basalt.Based on the sedimentary successions and provenance analysis,the tectonic setting for Xuanwei Formation deposition was a volcanic rifted margin.展开更多
Tobacco smoking and some types of occupational exposures have consistently been considered as important etiologic factors of lung cancer in industrial countries. At the First World Conference of Lung Cancer (Wyndwer, ...Tobacco smoking and some types of occupational exposures have consistently been considered as important etiologic factors of lung cancer in industrial countries. At the First World Conference of Lung Cancer (Wyndwer, 1983), it was stressed that more attention should be paid to finding out the causes of lung cancer in non-smokers.In Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, annual lung cancer death rate was 27.7 per 100,000 in males, among China's highest, and 25.3 per 100,000 in females, the China's highest. The female's lung cancer death rate in Xuanwei County was even much higher than that of the same period in USA white women (ECACM, 1979; Mulvihill, 1976). Marked district variation in cancer mortality exists within Xuanwei County. The county can be divided into high-, medium- and low-mortality areas. Over 90% of the population arc farmers. The local residents traditionally burned three major kinds of fuels: 'smoky' coal, 'smokeless' coal and 'wood', for heating and cooking. The three lung cancer high mortality areas, including 'Chengguan', 'Rongcheng' and 'Laibin' communes, mainly burned the 'smoky' coal from Laibin smoky-coal mine. The fuel was burned in a shallow, unventilated fire pit in the floor of the dwelling. Fuel burning in shallow unventilated pits has resulted in high indoor air pollution levels. The concentrations of airborne particles (pm 10) inside houses during smoky coal and wood combustion were very high. Indoor concentration of suspended particulates and dichloromethane extractable organics were 24.4mg/m3 and 17.6mg/m3 in burning of 'smoky' coal; 22.3mg/m3, 12.3mg/m3 for burning wood; and 1.8mg/m3, O.Smg/m-1 for burning of smokeless coals. Levels of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo(a)pyrene, were generally highest during burning of smoky coal, intermediate in burning wood, and least in smokeless coal. Women did most household chores, which include starting fire and cooking. Less than 0.2% of females smoked tobacco. The population-based case-control study presented here is to evaluate the influence of factors on the occurrence of lung cancer in non-smoking women in Xuanwei County and to supplement the etiologic factors of lung cancer in Xuanwei County.展开更多
Objective:The coal-fired pollution in Xuanwei area has been considered to be local main reason for high incidence of female lung cancers.The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lun...Objective:The coal-fired pollution in Xuanwei area has been considered to be local main reason for high incidence of female lung cancers.The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients, and to explore the relationship between the large number of coal-fired pollution PAHs materials and the high incidence of Xuanwei female lung cancers.Methods:We totally collected each 20 cases of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients, Xuanwei male lung cancer patients, non-Xuanwei female lung cancer patients and collected each 10 cases of Xuanwei, non-Xuanwei female patients with benign lung lesions.The cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues and normal lung tissues were collected in lung cancer patients and only the normal tissues were collected in benign lung lesion patients.There were total 80 cases and 200 tissues.Using immunofluorescence, we detected the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in each group.Image pro-plus 6.0 software was used to analyze the images and did part quantified analysis.SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Results:The positive expressions of PAH-DNA adducts in lung cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues and normal lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients were 90%, 80% and 65%, respectively.They were higher than the positive expressions of PAH-DNA adducts in Xuanwei male lung cancer patients (35%, 30% and 30%) and non-Xuanwei female lung cancer patients (20%, 15% and 10%; P<0.01).The expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female benign lung lesion patients (70%) was higher than that in non-Xuanwei female benign lung lesion patients (10%).With the direction changing from cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues to normal lung tissues, the expression of PAH-DNA adducts was decreased but had no statistical difference (P>0.05).Conclusion:The expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei females was higher than that in Xuanwei males and non-Xuanwei females.展开更多
Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of Survivin in lung adenocarcinoma of Xuanwei and Kunming patients. Methods: Twenty-five specimens of Xuanwei patients and 28 specimens of Kunming pati...Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of Survivin in lung adenocarcinoma of Xuanwei and Kunming patients. Methods: Twenty-five specimens of Xuanwei patients and 28 specimens of Kunming patients were observed and analyzed. The Survivin expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results were quantitatively analyzed by image analysis system. Results: There were significant differences in Survivin expression (P < 0.01) between Xuanwei patients and Kunming patients. Conclusion: Survivin expression in lung adenocarcinoma of Xuanwei patients was significantly higher than that of Kunming patients. The pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma might be different between Xuanwei patients and Kunming patients. High Survivin expression might be one of the reasons to explain high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei.展开更多
The Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation widely occurs in western Guizhou,unconformably overlying the Emeishan basalts,and mainly consists of black shales.It is～170 m thick at Cuyudong Village,Weining County,West Guizhou,...The Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation widely occurs in western Guizhou,unconformably overlying the Emeishan basalts,and mainly consists of black shales.It is～170 m thick at Cuyudong Village,Weining County,West Guizhou,China,where the samples of black shale and sandy shale were collected and analyzed.The shales mainly contain SiO2,18.9%?44.1%,Al2O3,14.8%?52.8%,Fe2O3,1.0%?41.2%,LOI,3.2%?21.1%,TiO2,1.0%-6.7%,and MgO,0.2%?2.5%.The contents of all other major elements are lower than 1.0%.It is shown that the black shales have higher contents of Fe2O3 and LOI than normal shales.The siderites occurred in the black shales with higher contents of Fe2O3,which may be attributed to hydrothermal activities on seafloor.All analyzed shale samples have extremely high Ga,47.8×10-6-109.9×10-6(70.5×10-6 on average),higher than the industrial mining standard of Ga Resource Industry Standard.The total contents of rare-earth elements(REE) of 9 black shale samples vary from 213×10-6 to 1460×10-6,suggesting that these black shales are enriched in REE.The shale-normalized REE patterns display both positive and negative Ce anomalies(Ce/Ce* from 0.5 to 1.7),revealing that the Xuanwei shales were precipitated under oxic and anoxic conditions.The Rb-Sr chronological diagram of 6 shale samples in the Xuanwei Formation shows an age of 255±12 Ma.Strontium isotopic ratios(87Sr/86Sr)t0 range from 0.70635 to 0.70711,suggesting that these Xuanwei black shales might be derived from chemical weathering of the Emeishan basalts.展开更多
Although a number of studies have examined the etiology of lung cancer in Xuanwei County, China, other types of cancer in this county have not been reported systematically. This study aimed to investigate the temporal...Although a number of studies have examined the etiology of lung cancer in Xuanwei County, China, other types of cancer in this county have not been reported systematically. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trend of eight major cancers in Xuanwei County using data from three mortality surveys （1973-1975, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005）. The Chinese population in 1990 was used as a standard population to calculate age- standardized mortality rates. Cancers of lung, liver, breast, brain, esophagus, leukemia, rectum, and stomach were identified as the leading cancers in this county in terms of mortality rate. During the three time periods, lung cancer remained as the most common type of cancer. The mortality rates for all other types of cancer were lower than those of the national average, but an increasing trend was observed for all the cancers, particularly from 1990-1992 to 2004-2005. The temporal trend could be party explained by changes in risk factors, but it also may be due to the improvement in cancer diagnosis and screening. Further epidemiological studies are warranted to systematically examine the underlying reasons for the temporal trend of the major cancers in Xuanwei County.展开更多
Aim:To study the expression of PANDA,LincRNA-p21,and PUMA in lung tissue of patients with lung cancer from Xuanwei of Yunnan Province.Methods:Forty-five cases of lung cancer patients from Xuanwei and 42 lung cancer ca...Aim:To study the expression of PANDA,LincRNA-p21,and PUMA in lung tissue of patients with lung cancer from Xuanwei of Yunnan Province.Methods:Forty-five cases of lung cancer patients from Xuanwei and 42 lung cancer cases from non-Xuanwei were enrolled.Extraction of RNA was done using the Trizol kit.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was done to obtain the relative expression.Results:Expressions of PANDA,LincRNA-p21,and PUMA in male and female patients or in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were not significantly different(P>0.05).However,expression of LincRNA-p21 in Xuanwei patients was higher than non-Xuanwei patients(P<0.05).Expression of PUMA in tumor tissue was lower than that in normal lung tissue(P<0.05),and i n Xuanwei patients was lower than non-Xuanwei patients(P<0.05).In patients from non-Xuanwei regions,expression of LincRNA-p21 in patients with smoking index>400 was higher than in those<400 and non-smokers.Conclusion:Expressions of PANDA,LincRNA-p21,and PUMA in lung tissues have no gender differences or tissue specificity.High expression of LincRNA-p21 in Xuanwei patients may have relationship with cell damage caused by coal burning pollution in Xuanwei.展开更多
基金financed by the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province(2009AD010)
文摘Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids （NLs）, phospholipids （PLs） and free fatty acids （FFAs） from intramuscular fat （IMF）, lipid oxidation and lipase activity in muscle Semimembranosus （SM） and msucle Biceps femoris （BF） of dry-cured Xuanwei ham during the 90-d salting stages were analysed. The salt content increased from 0.34 to 3.52%in BF and from 0.10 to 5.42%in SM during the 90 d salting stage, respectively. PLs of IMF in both BF and SM decreased 54.70%（P〈0.001） and 34.64%（P〈0.05）, furthermore, the saturated fatty acids （SFA）, monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） and polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） of PLs in both muscles were hydrolysed almost isochronously. FFAs were increased from 0.46 g 100 g-1 lipids to 2.92 g 100 g-1 lipids in BF at the end of salting, which was lower than SM （from 1.29 g 100 g-1 lipids to 9.70 g 100 g-1 lipids）. The activities of acid lipase, neutral lipase and acid phospholipase all remained active in the 90 d. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） was slowly increased to 1.34 mg kg-1 muscle in BF and to 2.44 mg kg-1 muscle in SM during the salting stage. In conclusion, the controlled salting process prompted the hydrolysis of PLs of IMF notably and increased the lipid oxidation of muscles within some limits.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 41302080)the fundamental research funds for central public welfare research institutes(No:K1613)Chinese Geological Survey (No. DD20190099, DD20190437)
文摘Xuanwei Formation is composed of mudstone,siltstone,and sandstone,with local conglomerate.However,its provenance and tectonic setting have been scarcely studied.In this paper,we use sedimentology,electron probe microanalysis(EPMA),and detrital zircon dating to investigate its source area and depositional tectonic setting.The facies assemblages indicate that it formed in alluvial fan and fluvial river sedimentary environments.The strata thicknesses and facies distribution indicate that the sediment supply was from the west.The results of EPMA show that chromian spinels within the sediments are characterized by high Cr#and varying Mg#.Discrimination plots suggest that these spinels were sourced from large igneous province(LIP)magmatic rocks.The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)U–Pb chronology of detrital zircons suggests that the sediments were derived from intermediate–acid igneous rocks dating back to 251–260?Ma.We could,therefore,conclude that the provenance of the Xuanwei Formation is from Emeishan basalt and synchronous felsic igneous rocks,which is consistent with the composition of the detrital framework.The detrital zircon dates also suggest that felsic magmatism occurred during the Late Permian,not after the eruption of the Emeishan basalt.Based on the sedimentary successions and provenance analysis,the tectonic setting for Xuanwei Formation deposition was a volcanic rifted margin.
文摘Tobacco smoking and some types of occupational exposures have consistently been considered as important etiologic factors of lung cancer in industrial countries. At the First World Conference of Lung Cancer (Wyndwer, 1983), it was stressed that more attention should be paid to finding out the causes of lung cancer in non-smokers.In Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, annual lung cancer death rate was 27.7 per 100,000 in males, among China's highest, and 25.3 per 100,000 in females, the China's highest. The female's lung cancer death rate in Xuanwei County was even much higher than that of the same period in USA white women (ECACM, 1979; Mulvihill, 1976). Marked district variation in cancer mortality exists within Xuanwei County. The county can be divided into high-, medium- and low-mortality areas. Over 90% of the population arc farmers. The local residents traditionally burned three major kinds of fuels: 'smoky' coal, 'smokeless' coal and 'wood', for heating and cooking. The three lung cancer high mortality areas, including 'Chengguan', 'Rongcheng' and 'Laibin' communes, mainly burned the 'smoky' coal from Laibin smoky-coal mine. The fuel was burned in a shallow, unventilated fire pit in the floor of the dwelling. Fuel burning in shallow unventilated pits has resulted in high indoor air pollution levels. The concentrations of airborne particles (pm 10) inside houses during smoky coal and wood combustion were very high. Indoor concentration of suspended particulates and dichloromethane extractable organics were 24.4mg/m3 and 17.6mg/m3 in burning of 'smoky' coal; 22.3mg/m3, 12.3mg/m3 for burning wood; and 1.8mg/m3, O.Smg/m-1 for burning of smokeless coals. Levels of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo(a)pyrene, were generally highest during burning of smoky coal, intermediate in burning wood, and least in smokeless coal. Women did most household chores, which include starting fire and cooking. Less than 0.2% of females smoked tobacco. The population-based case-control study presented here is to evaluate the influence of factors on the occurrence of lung cancer in non-smoking women in Xuanwei County and to supplement the etiologic factors of lung cancer in Xuanwei County.
基金Supported by grants from Yunnan Province Science and Technology Foundation (No.2007C009Z)Yunnan Province Science and Technology International Cooperation Foundation (No.2008CA030)
文摘Objective:The coal-fired pollution in Xuanwei area has been considered to be local main reason for high incidence of female lung cancers.The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients, and to explore the relationship between the large number of coal-fired pollution PAHs materials and the high incidence of Xuanwei female lung cancers.Methods:We totally collected each 20 cases of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients, Xuanwei male lung cancer patients, non-Xuanwei female lung cancer patients and collected each 10 cases of Xuanwei, non-Xuanwei female patients with benign lung lesions.The cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues and normal lung tissues were collected in lung cancer patients and only the normal tissues were collected in benign lung lesion patients.There were total 80 cases and 200 tissues.Using immunofluorescence, we detected the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in each group.Image pro-plus 6.0 software was used to analyze the images and did part quantified analysis.SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Results:The positive expressions of PAH-DNA adducts in lung cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues and normal lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients were 90%, 80% and 65%, respectively.They were higher than the positive expressions of PAH-DNA adducts in Xuanwei male lung cancer patients (35%, 30% and 30%) and non-Xuanwei female lung cancer patients (20%, 15% and 10%; P<0.01).The expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female benign lung lesion patients (70%) was higher than that in non-Xuanwei female benign lung lesion patients (10%).With the direction changing from cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues to normal lung tissues, the expression of PAH-DNA adducts was decreased but had no statistical difference (P>0.05).Conclusion:The expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei females was higher than that in Xuanwei males and non-Xuanwei females.
基金Supported by grants from Basic Project of Social Development and Science Practice Plan of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science (No. 2009ZC120M)Practice Fund of Yunnan Provincial Education Department (No. 09Y0173)
文摘Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of Survivin in lung adenocarcinoma of Xuanwei and Kunming patients. Methods: Twenty-five specimens of Xuanwei patients and 28 specimens of Kunming patients were observed and analyzed. The Survivin expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results were quantitatively analyzed by image analysis system. Results: There were significant differences in Survivin expression (P < 0.01) between Xuanwei patients and Kunming patients. Conclusion: Survivin expression in lung adenocarcinoma of Xuanwei patients was significantly higher than that of Kunming patients. The pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma might be different between Xuanwei patients and Kunming patients. High Survivin expression might be one of the reasons to explain high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40930425)
文摘The Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation widely occurs in western Guizhou,unconformably overlying the Emeishan basalts,and mainly consists of black shales.It is～170 m thick at Cuyudong Village,Weining County,West Guizhou,China,where the samples of black shale and sandy shale were collected and analyzed.The shales mainly contain SiO2,18.9%?44.1%,Al2O3,14.8%?52.8%,Fe2O3,1.0%?41.2%,LOI,3.2%?21.1%,TiO2,1.0%-6.7%,and MgO,0.2%?2.5%.The contents of all other major elements are lower than 1.0%.It is shown that the black shales have higher contents of Fe2O3 and LOI than normal shales.The siderites occurred in the black shales with higher contents of Fe2O3,which may be attributed to hydrothermal activities on seafloor.All analyzed shale samples have extremely high Ga,47.8×10-6-109.9×10-6(70.5×10-6 on average),higher than the industrial mining standard of Ga Resource Industry Standard.The total contents of rare-earth elements(REE) of 9 black shale samples vary from 213×10-6 to 1460×10-6,suggesting that these black shales are enriched in REE.The shale-normalized REE patterns display both positive and negative Ce anomalies(Ce/Ce* from 0.5 to 1.7),revealing that the Xuanwei shales were precipitated under oxic and anoxic conditions.The Rb-Sr chronological diagram of 6 shale samples in the Xuanwei Formation shows an age of 255±12 Ma.Strontium isotopic ratios(87Sr/86Sr)t0 range from 0.70635 to 0.70711,suggesting that these Xuanwei black shales might be derived from chemical weathering of the Emeishan basalts.
文摘Although a number of studies have examined the etiology of lung cancer in Xuanwei County, China, other types of cancer in this county have not been reported systematically. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trend of eight major cancers in Xuanwei County using data from three mortality surveys （1973-1975, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005）. The Chinese population in 1990 was used as a standard population to calculate age- standardized mortality rates. Cancers of lung, liver, breast, brain, esophagus, leukemia, rectum, and stomach were identified as the leading cancers in this county in terms of mortality rate. During the three time periods, lung cancer remained as the most common type of cancer. The mortality rates for all other types of cancer were lower than those of the national average, but an increasing trend was observed for all the cancers, particularly from 1990-1992 to 2004-2005. The temporal trend could be party explained by changes in risk factors, but it also may be due to the improvement in cancer diagnosis and screening. Further epidemiological studies are warranted to systematically examine the underlying reasons for the temporal trend of the major cancers in Xuanwei County.
基金Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology.Project:Use EBUS-TBNA to detect the expression of MALAT1,MYC,PVT1 genes in lymph node of NSCLC patient(No.2016NS108)Project:Study on the mechanism of regulation of miRNAs and its target genes in Gejiu and Xuanwei NSCLC patients(No.2014NS002).
文摘Aim:To study the expression of PANDA,LincRNA-p21,and PUMA in lung tissue of patients with lung cancer from Xuanwei of Yunnan Province.Methods:Forty-five cases of lung cancer patients from Xuanwei and 42 lung cancer cases from non-Xuanwei were enrolled.Extraction of RNA was done using the Trizol kit.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was done to obtain the relative expression.Results:Expressions of PANDA,LincRNA-p21,and PUMA in male and female patients or in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were not significantly different(P>0.05).However,expression of LincRNA-p21 in Xuanwei patients was higher than non-Xuanwei patients(P<0.05).Expression of PUMA in tumor tissue was lower than that in normal lung tissue(P<0.05),and i n Xuanwei patients was lower than non-Xuanwei patients(P<0.05).In patients from non-Xuanwei regions,expression of LincRNA-p21 in patients with smoking index>400 was higher than in those<400 and non-smokers.Conclusion:Expressions of PANDA,LincRNA-p21,and PUMA in lung tissues have no gender differences or tissue specificity.High expression of LincRNA-p21 in Xuanwei patients may have relationship with cell damage caused by coal burning pollution in Xuanwei.
