This study presents a facile and rapid method for synthesizing novel Layered Double Hydroxide(LDH)nanoflakes,exploring their application as a photocatalyst,and investigating the influence of condensed phosphates'g...This study presents a facile and rapid method for synthesizing novel Layered Double Hydroxide(LDH)nanoflakes,exploring their application as a photocatalyst,and investigating the influence of condensed phosphates'geometric linearity on their photocatalytic properties.Herein,the Mg O film,obtained by plasma electrolysis of AZ31 Mg alloys,was modified by growing an LDH film,which was further functionalized using cyclic sodium hexametaphosphate(CP)and linear sodium tripolyphosphate(LP).CP acted as an enhancer for flake spacing within the LDH structure,while LP changed flake dispersion and orientation.Consequently,CP@LDH demonstrated exceptional efficiency in heterogeneous photocatalysis,effectively degrading organic dyes like Methylene blue(MB),Congo red(CR),and Methyl orange(MO).The unique cyclic structure of CP likely enhances surface reactions and improves the catalyst's interaction with dye molecules.Furthermore,the condensed phosphate structure contributes to a higher surface area and reactivity in CP@LDH,leading to its superior photocatalytic performance compared to LP@LDH.Specifically,LP@LDH demonstrated notable degradation efficiencies of 93.02%,92.89%,and 88.81%for MB,MO,and CR respectively,over a 40 min duration.The highest degradation efficiencies were observed in the case of the CP@LDH sample,reporting 99.99%for MB,98.88%for CR,and 99.70%for MO.This underscores the potential of CP@LDH as a highly effective photocatalyst for organic dye degradation,offering promising prospects for environmental remediation and water detoxification applications.展开更多
The safety valve is an important component to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the effect of safety valve type on the thermal runaway(TR)and gas venting behavior of LIBs,as well as the ...The safety valve is an important component to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the effect of safety valve type on the thermal runaway(TR)and gas venting behavior of LIBs,as well as the TR hazard severity of LIBs,are not known.In this paper,the TR and gas venting behavior of three 100 A h lithium iron phosphate(LFP)batteries with different safety valves are investigated under overheating.Compared to previous studies,the main contribution of this work is in studying and evaluating the effect of gas venting behavior and TR hazard severity of LFP batteries with three safety valve types.Two significant results are obtained:(Ⅰ)the safety valve type dominates over gas venting pressure of battery during safety venting,the maximum gas venting pressure of LFP batteries with a round safety valve is 3320 Pa,which is one order of magnitude higher than other batteries with oval or cavity safety valve;(Ⅱ)the LFP battery with oval safety valve has the lowest TR hazard as shown by the TR hazard assessment model based on gray-fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.This study reveals the effect of safety valve type on TR and gas venting,providing a clear direction for the safety valve design.展开更多
In agricultural soils, phosphorus is often limited, leading farmers to employ artificial supplementation through both inorganic and organic fertilization methods due to its restricted availability. Soil fertilization ...In agricultural soils, phosphorus is often limited, leading farmers to employ artificial supplementation through both inorganic and organic fertilization methods due to its restricted availability. Soil fertilization has the potential to augment both the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities. Our study aimed to assess the effects of phosphate amendments, derived from natural phosphate rock, and chemical fertilizers (TSP, NPK), on the density and diversity of bacterial communities within the study plots. We developed and applied eight phosphate amendments during the initial cultivation cycle. Soil samples were collected post 1st and 2nd cultivation cycles, and the quantification of both total and cultivable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was conducted. Additionally, we analyzed bacterial community structure, α-diversity (Shannon Diversity Index, Evenness Index, Chao1 Index). The combination of natural phosphate rock (PR) and chemical fertilizers (TSP, NPK) significantly increased (p 7 bacteria/g dry soil) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (0.01 to 6.8 × 107 PSB/g dry soil) in comparison to unamended control soils. The diversity of bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Halobacterota, Chloroflexia) observed under each treatment remained consistent regardless of the nature of the phosphate amendment applied. However, changes in the abundance of the bacterial phyla populations were observed as a function of the nature of the phosphate amendment or chemical fertilizer. It appears that the addition of excessive natural phosphate rock does not alter the number and the diversity of soil microorganisms population despite successive cultivation cycles. However, the addition of excessive chemical fertilizer reduces soil microorganisms density and structure after the 2nd cultivation cycle.展开更多
The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphor...The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphorylated maize starches with a similar range of amylose content(AC)as controls.The starch property results showed that a higher SPC is associated with lower turbidity,storage and loss modulus after storage,and water solubility,but higher swelling power(SP)and pasting viscosities.These findings suggested that SPC inhibited molecular rearrangement during storage and starch leaching during heating,and enhanced swelling and viscosities due to increased hydration and water uptake caused by the repulsion effect of phosphate groups and a less ordered crystalline structure.Increased SPC also resulted in lower resistant starch(RS)content in a native granular state but higher RS after retrogradation.Pearson correlations further indicated that SPC/C3P/C6P were positively correlated with peak(r^(2)=0.925,0.873 and 0.930,respectively),trough(r^(2)=0.994,0.968 and 0.988,respectively),and final viscosities(r^(2)=0.981,0.968 and 0.971,respectively).Notably,SPC,mainly C3P,exhibited a significantly positive correlation with SP(r^(2)=0.859)and setback viscosity(r^(2)=0.867),whereas SPC,mainly C6P,showed a weak positive correlation with RS after retrogradation(r^(2)=0.746).However,SPC had no significant correlations with water solubility,turbidity and rheology properties,which were more correlated with AC.These findings are helpful for the food industry to select potato starches with desired properties based on their contents of SPC,C3P,or C6P.展开更多
Using a titration setup to accurately control the reaction conditions and in situ monitor the reaction,we showed that fluoride exhibited negligible effects on the ion association process of calcium and phosphate and t...Using a titration setup to accurately control the reaction conditions and in situ monitor the reaction,we showed that fluoride exhibited negligible effects on the ion association process of calcium and phosphate and the formation of ACP nanospheres in a buffer solution with constant ionic strength.However,the stability of ACP increased with increasing fluoride concentration,which was ascribed to the inhibitory effect of fluoride on the aggregation of ACP nanospheres and the nucleation of nanocrystals on the surface of ACP nanospheres.Furthermore,fluoride could inhibit the lateral growth of HAP nanosheets and promote the formation of rod-like crystals.These results further improve our understanding of the crystallization pathway of HAP crystals and the regulatory effects of fluoride.展开更多
The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate tailings.In this study,high-performance geop...The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate tailings.In this study,high-performance geopolymers with compressive strength of 38.8 MPa were prepared by using phosphate tailings as the main raw material,fly ash as the active silicon-aluminum material,and water glass as the alkaline activator.The solid content of phosphate tailings and fly ash was 60% and 40%,respectively,and the water-cement ratio was 0.22.The results of XRD,FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS show that the reactivity of phosphate tailings with alkaline activator is weak,and the silicon-aluminum material can react with alkaline activator to form zeolite and gel,and encapsulate/cover the phosphate tailings to form a dense phosphate tailings-based geopolymer.During the formation of geopolymers,part of the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron replaced the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron,causing the polycondensation reaction between geopolymers and increasing the strength of geopolymers.The leaching toxicity test results show that the geopolymer has a good solid sealing effect on heavy metal ions.The preparation of geopolymer from phosphate tailings is an important way to alleviate the storage pressure and realize the resource utilization of phosphate tailings.展开更多
Injectable bone cements are used in minimally invasive surgical techniques including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.This work is devoted to the development of magnesium-calcium phosphate cements(MCPCs)doped with gadol...Injectable bone cements are used in minimally invasive surgical techniques including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.This work is devoted to the development of magnesium-calcium phosphate cements(MCPCs)doped with gadolinium ions(Gd^(3+))for bone defect repair.Interaction between cement powders and a cement liquid resulted in the formation of newberyite and brushite phases,which gave mechanical strength up to 17 MPa without a thermal effect.The introduction of Gd3+into the lattice was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy;the doping increased injectivity while giving rise to antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli.Assays of the cement samples soaking in Kokubo’s simulated body fluid revealed the formation of calcium phosphate coatings on the cements’surface.The cements manifested biocompatibility with the MG-63 cell line and significantly enhanced contrast when Gd-MCPC was placed into a bone defect and examined by X-ray micro-computed tomography.For the first time,visualization of a Gd-doped cement material was achieved in a model of a bone defect analyzed by MRI.展开更多
Phosphate was removed from aqueous environment by corundum-hollow-spheres supported caclined hydrotalcite (cHT) thin films. Mg-Al-CO3 hydrotalcite (HT) thin films were deposited on corundumhollow-sphere substrates by ...Phosphate was removed from aqueous environment by corundum-hollow-spheres supported caclined hydrotalcite (cHT) thin films. Mg-Al-CO3 hydrotalcite (HT) thin films were deposited on corundumhollow-sphere substrates by hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation at 120℃for 30-240 min and cHT thin films were obtained by annealing of the HT thin films at 500℃for 180 min. Their crystal phase, morphology and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results show that homogeneous, well-crystallized and hierarchical flower-like thin films were deposited firmly on the surface of the corundum. The mechanism of nucleation and growth of the HT thin films was fitted well with the anion coordination polyhedron growth unit model. To determine the absorption of phosphate by this adsorbent, different bed depth (10-30 cm) and flow rate (1.0-3.0 m L/min) were examined by column experiments. The highest removal efficiency of phosphate amounted to 98.5%under optimum condition (pH=7.2). The adsorption capacity increased as the bed depth increased and decreased as the flow rate increased.展开更多
Phosphorus is a limiting factor in agriculture due to restricted availability in soil and low utilization efficiency of crops.The identification of superior haplotypes of key genes responsible for low-phosphate(Pi)tol...Phosphorus is a limiting factor in agriculture due to restricted availability in soil and low utilization efficiency of crops.The identification of superior haplotypes of key genes responsible for low-phosphate(Pi)tolerance and their natural variation is important for molecular breeding.In this study,we conducted genome-wide association studies on low-phosphate tolerance coefficients using 152 maize inbred lines,and identified a significant association between SNPs on chromosome 7 and a low-phosphate tolerance coefficient.ZmGRF10 was identified as a candidate gene involved in adaptation of maize to Pi starvation.Expression of ZmGRF10 is induced by Pi starvation.A mutation in ZmGRF10 alleviated Pi starvation stress.RNA-seq analyses revealed significant upregulation of genes encoding various phosphatases in the zmgrf10-1 mutant,suggesting that ZmGRF10 negatively regulates expression of these genes,thereby affecting low-Pi tolerance by suppressing phosphorus remobilization.A superior haplotype with variations in the promoter region exhibited lower transcription activity of ZmGRF10.Our study unveiled a novel gene contributing to tolerance to low-Pi availability with potential to benefit molecular breeding for high Pi utilization.展开更多
Developing highly active oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts with robust durability is essential in producing high-purity hydrogen through water electrolysis.Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based catalysts hav...Developing highly active oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts with robust durability is essential in producing high-purity hydrogen through water electrolysis.Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based catalysts have demonstrated efficient catalytic performance toward the relatively sluggish OER.By considering the promotion effect of phosphate(Pi)on proton transfer,herein,a facile phosphate acid(PA)surface-neutralization strategy is developed to in-situ construct NiCo-LDH/NiCoPi hetero-sheets toward OER catalysis.OER activity of NiCoLDH is significantly boosted due to the proton promotion effect and the electronic modulation effect of NiCoPi.As a result,the facilely prepared NiCo-LDH/NiCoPi catalyst displays superior OER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 300 mV to deliver 100 mA cm^(-2)OER and a Tafel slope of 73 mV dec^(-1).Furthermore,no visible activity decay is detected after a 200-h continuous OER operation.The present work,therefore,provides a promising strategy to exploit robust OER electrocatalysts for commercial water electrolysers.展开更多
Phosphate removal is crucial for eutrophication control and water quality improvement.Electro-assisted adsorption,an eco-friendly elec-trosorption process,exhibited a promising potential for wastewater treatment.Howev...Phosphate removal is crucial for eutrophication control and water quality improvement.Electro-assisted adsorption,an eco-friendly elec-trosorption process,exhibited a promising potential for wastewater treatment.However,there are few works focused on phosphate electro-sorption,and reported electrodes cannot attach satisfactory removal capacities and rates.Herein,electro-assisted adsorption of phosphate via in-situ construction of La active centers on hierarchically porous carbon(LaPC)has been originally demonstrated.The resulted LaPC composite not only possessed a hierarchically porous structure with uniformly dispersed La active sites,but also provided good conductivity for interfacial electron transfer.The LaPC electrode achieved an ultrahigh phosphate electrosorption capability of 462.01 mg g^(-1) at 1 V,outperforming most existing electrodes.The superior phosphate removal performance originates from abundant active centers formed by the coupling of electricfield and capture sites.Besides,the stability and selectivity toward phosphate capture were maintained well even under comprehensive conditions.Moreover,a series of kinetics and isotherms models were employed to validate the electrosorption process.This work demonstrates a deep understanding and promotes a new level of phosphate electrosorption.展开更多
Phosphate tailings are usually used as backfill material in order to recycle tailings resources.This study considers the effect of the mix proportions of clinker-free binders on the fluidity,compressive strength and o...Phosphate tailings are usually used as backfill material in order to recycle tailings resources.This study considers the effect of the mix proportions of clinker-free binders on the fluidity,compressive strength and other key performances of cementitious backfill materials based on phosphate tailings.In particular,three solid wastes,phosphogypsum(PG),semi-aqueous phosphogypsum(HPG)and calcium carbide slag(CS),were selected to activate wet ground granulated blast furnace slag(WGGBS)and three different phosphate tailings backfill materials were prepared.Fluidity,rheology,settling ratio,compressive strength,water resistance and ion leaching behavior of backfill materials were determined.According to the results,when either PG or HPG is used as the sole activator,the fluidity properties of the materials are enhanced.Phosphate tailings backfill material activated with PG present the largest fluidity and the lowest yield stress.Furthermore,the backfill material’s compressive strength is considerably increased to 2.9 MPa at 28 days after WGGBS activation using a mix of HPG and CS,all with a settling ratio of only 1.15 percent.Additionally,all the three ratios of binder have obvious solidification effects on heavy metal ions Cu and Zn,and P in phosphate tailings.展开更多
Recycling waste frying oils for the synthesis of flotation reagents presents a promising avenue for sustainable waste management.Moreover,it offers a cost-effective solution for crafting a specialized collector design...Recycling waste frying oils for the synthesis of flotation reagents presents a promising avenue for sustainable waste management.Moreover,it offers a cost-effective solution for crafting a specialized collector designed to efficiently remove carbonates and enhance phosphate enrichment in froth flotation processes.This study focuses on the synthesis of an anionic collector using the saponification reaction of a frying oil sample,subsequently applied to the flotation of calcite and dolomite.To elucidate the adsorption mechanisms of the frying oil collector(FrOC)and sodium oleate,a reference collector,on fluorapatite,calcite,dolomite,and quartz surfaces,comprehensive experiments were conducted,including zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Results revealed diverse adsorption affinities of the molecules towards these minerals.To assess the practical performance of the collector,flotation tests were conducted using a natural phosphate ore mixture,employing a BoxBehnken experimental design.Notably,under optimized conditions(pH 9,1000 g/t of FrOC,3.5 min of conditioning,and 6 min of flotation),FrOC exhibited excellent performance,with calcite and dolomite recoveries exceeding 80%,while apatite recovery in the concentrate fraction remained below 10%.This work exemplifies both circular economy practices and the distinctive approach to sustainable mineral processing.展开更多
Objective:To prepare and characterize polycaprolactone(PCL)nanoparticles loaded with sonicator fragmented(SLA)and freeze-thaw Leishmania antigens(FTLA)and to investigate the in vitro immunogenicity of antigen-encapsul...Objective:To prepare and characterize polycaprolactone(PCL)nanoparticles loaded with sonicator fragmented(SLA)and freeze-thaw Leishmania antigens(FTLA)and to investigate the in vitro immunogenicity of antigen-encapsulated nanoparticles with calcium phosphate adjuvant.Methods:The water/oil/water binary emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to synthesize antigen-loaded PCL nanoparticles.Particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements.Their cytotoxicity in J774 macrophages in vitro was determined by MTT analysis.In addition,the amount of nitric oxide and the level of cytokines produced by macrophages were determined by Griess reaction and ELISA method,respectively.The protective effect of the developed formulations was evaluated by determining the infection index percentage in macrophages infected with Leishmania infantum.Results:Compared to the control group,SLA PCL and FTLA PCL nanoparticles with calcium phosphate adjuvant induced a 6-and 7-fold increase in nitric oxide,respectively.Additionally,the vaccine formulations promoted the production of IFN-γand IL-12.SLA PCL and FTLA PCL nanoparticles combined with calcium phosphate adjuvant caused an approximately 13-and 11-fold reduction in infection index,respectively,compared to the control group.Conclusions:The encapsulation of antigens obtained by both sonication and freeze-thawing into PCL nanoparticles and the formulations with calcium phosphate adjuvant show strong in vitro immune stimulating properties.Therefore,PCL-based antigen delivery systems and calcium phosphate adjuvant are recommended as a potential vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis.展开更多
Iron toxicity is a major constraint to rice production, particularly in highly weathered soils of inland valleys in Sub-Saharan Africa where the rice growing area is rapidly expanding. This study aimed to improve the ...Iron toxicity is a major constraint to rice production, particularly in highly weathered soils of inland valleys in Sub-Saharan Africa where the rice growing area is rapidly expanding. This study aimed to improve the productiveness of iron toxicity sensitive’s rice fields as well as in the unsensitive fields by using local phosphate fertilizers. Eighteen (18) rice genotypes were been assessed in a split plot design in two areas: without iron toxicity and with iron toxicity. NPK, NK, Rock Phosphate, Triple super phosphate, Calcined phosphate and Acidulated phosphate were used as fertilizers. Data collection was focused on agronomic traits and yield (g/m<sup>2</sup>). The best fertilizers in the area without iron toxicity were NPK (820.2 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and triple super phosphate (751.7 g/m<sup>2</sup>). In the iron toxicity area, the best yields were performed by NPK (785.5 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and raw calcined phosphate (698.3 g/m<sup>2</sup>). Yet, the Accessions 15, Accessions 225, Accessions 226 and Accessions 270 were rainfed rice genotypes while CC109 A, HB 46 and HB 62 were low-land/irrigated rice genotypes. NPK, NK and acidulated phosphate fertilizers alleviate the best, iron toxicity in both sensitive and unsensitive rice fields.展开更多
To improve the brittleness characteristics of magnesium phosphate cement-based materials(MPC)and to promote its promotion and application in the field of structural reinforcement and repair,this study aimed to increas...To improve the brittleness characteristics of magnesium phosphate cement-based materials(MPC)and to promote its promotion and application in the field of structural reinforcement and repair,this study aimed to increase the toughness of MPC by adding jute fiber,explore the effects of different amounts of jute fiber on the working and mechanical properties of MPC,and prepare jute fiber reinforced magnesium phosphate cement-based materials(JFRMPC)to reinforce damaged beams.The improvement effect of beam performance before and after reinforcement was compared,and the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of jute fiber on MPC were explored through microscopic analysis.The experimental results show that,as the content of jute fiber(JF)increases,the fluidity and setting time of MPC decrease continuously;When the content of jute fiber is 0.8%,the compressive strength,flexural strength,and bonding strength of MPC at 28 days reach their maximum values,which are increased by 18.0%,20.5%,and 22.6%compared to those of M0,respectively.The beam strengthened with JFRMPC can withstand greater deformation,with a deflection of 2.3 times that of the unreinforced beam at failure.The strain of the steel bar is greatly reduced,and the initial crack and failure loads of the reinforced beam are increased by 192.1%and 16.1%,respectively,compared to those of the unreinforced beam.The JF added to the MPC matrix dissipates energy through tensile fracture and debonding pull-out,slowing down stress concentration and inhibiting the free development of cracks in the matrix,enabling JFRMPC to exhibit higher strength and better toughness.The JF does not cause the hydration of MPC to generate new compounds but reduces the amount of hydration products generated.展开更多
Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high temperatures....Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high temperatures.Herein,a flame-retardant,low-cost and thermally stable long chain phosphate ester based(tributyl phosphate,TBP)electrolyte is reported,which can effectively enhance the cycling stability of highly loaded high-nickel LMBs with high safety through co-solvation strategy.The interfacial compatibility between TBP and electrode is effectively improved using a short-chain ether(glycol dimethyl ether,DME),and a specially competitive solvation structure is further constructed using lithium borate difluorooxalate(LiDFOB)to form the stable and inorganic-rich electrode interphases.Benefiting from the presence of the cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)enriched with LiF and Li_(x)PO_(y)F_(z),the electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability assembled using a 50μm lithium foil anode in combination with a high loading NMC811(15.4 mg cm^(-2))cathode,with 88%capacity retention after 120 cycles.Furthermore,the electrolyte exhibits excellent high-temperature characteristics when used in a 1-Ah pouch cell(N/P=0.26),and higher thermal runaway temperature(238℃)in the ARC(accelerating rate calorimeter)demonstrating high safety.This novel electrolyte adopts long-chain phosphate as the main solvent for the first time,and would provide a new idea for the development of extremely high safety and high-temperature electrolytes.展开更多
This study investigated the efficiency of activated carbon from Pangium edule shells for removing phosphate from aqueous solution.The adsorption capacity of the synthesized activated carbon was determined to be 19.839...This study investigated the efficiency of activated carbon from Pangium edule shells for removing phosphate from aqueous solution.The adsorption capacity of the synthesized activated carbon was determined to be 19.8392 mg g−1.Various isotherm models were used to analyze the adsorption process,Henry,Freundlich,SIP,and Halsey isotherm fitting showed r2 values close to 1.0.These isotherms indicated a combination of physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms,with heterogeneity and multilayer formation playing important roles.A pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption kinetics well,suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism with an r2 value of 1.0 and a rate constant k_(2) of 1.2550 min^(-1).The optimization was carried out using central composite design(CCD)using 3 factors(contact time(minutes),adsorbent dosage(mg),and initial phosphate concentration(ppm))with 3 levels.The CCD output was analyzed using response surface methodology(RSM)to obtain the optimum level of each factor.A contact time of one to two hours and an adsorbent dosage of more than 80 mg was recommended.Optimal removal was achieved at initial phosphate concentrations between 800 and 1150 ppm.Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscope(SEM)showed a highly irregular surface structure of activated carbon,while X-ray Diffraction(XRD)patterns indicated the presence of amorphous carbon.Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)analysis identified functional groups contributing to the adsorption process and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDX)analysis confirmed the presence of phosphate on the carbon surface after adsorption.In conclusion,activated carbon from P.edule shells has significant potential in phosphate removal,with a combination of high adsorption capacity,effective adsorption mechanism,and favorable kinetics,making it a promising material for water treatment.展开更多
Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer(PC)stand as the most worrisome ailments affecting the pancreas.Researchers have dedicated efforts to unraveling the mechanisms underlying these diseases,yet their true nature continu...Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer(PC)stand as the most worrisome ailments affecting the pancreas.Researchers have dedicated efforts to unraveling the mechanisms underlying these diseases,yet their true nature continues to elude their grasp.Within this realm,oxidative stress is often believed to play a causal and contributory role in the development of pancreatitis and PC.Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)can cause oxidative stress,and the key enzyme responsible for inducing ROS production in cells is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxides(NOX).NOX contribute to pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation by generating ROS that injure acinar cells,activate pancreatic stellate cells,and mediate macrophage polarization.Excessive ROS production occurs during malignant transformation and pancreatic carcinogenesis,creating an oxidative microenvironment that can cause abnormal apoptosis,epithelial to mesenchymal transition and genomic instability.Therefore,understanding the role of NOX in pancreatic diseases contributes to a more in-depth exploration of the exact pathogenesis of these diseases.In this review,we aim to summarize the potential roles of NOX and its mechanism in pancreatic disorders,aiming to provide novel insights into understanding the mechanisms underlying these diseases.展开更多
Changes in lipid metabolism have been implicated in protection against infectious diseases. In the first experiment of this study, we measured clinical lipid parameters in a murine model where the unmethylated cytidin...Changes in lipid metabolism have been implicated in protection against infectious diseases. In the first experiment of this study, we measured clinical lipid parameters in a murine model where the unmethylated cytidine phosphate guanosine (CpG) oligodinucleotide (ODN1826), a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist was administered in combination with D-galactosamine (GalN) that caused relatively liver-specific inflammation and toxicity. In the control mice group injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (acute psychological stress model associated with blood sampling), the serum triglyceride (TG) levels showed a rapid decrease followed by a rebound at 24 h as we have recently reported. However, such a TG rebound was impaired in the CpG/GalN- and solely CpG-treated groups of mice despite an absence of liver injury based on serum alanine aminotransferase levels in the latter group. Thus, the stress-associated serum TG rebound was abrogated by the injection of a sub-hepatotoxic CpG dose. In the second experiment, we simply measured the hepatic CD36 and SACRB1 (the gene for scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1)) transcripts after the i.p. administration of PBS, CpG or CpG/GalN. There was a remarkable elevation of hepatic CD36 transcript expression in both the CpG- and CpG/GalN-treated mice at 8 h post-CpG injection whereas the increase in the PBS-treated mice was slower than the former two groups, suggesting that hepatic CD36 transcript expression is more pronounced in the combined stress models than under psychological stress alone. The individual mice data showed that the increase in CD36 expression was accompanied by a reduction in SCARB1 mRNA, showing reciprocal regulation between these two genes. Together with our previously reported findings, these data suggest that, in a murine model combining psychological stress with TLR-triggered hepatic inflammation, the psychological stress facilitates liver uptake of plasma TG (and its components fatty acids), but the subsequent re-esterification and/or release of TG-rich lipoproteins from the liver is impaired due to the concomitant TLR-signaling. We hypothesize that lipid metabolism during acute stress shifts toward an elevated hepatic uptake of lipids due to concomitant TLR signaling, facilitating the clearance of bacterial lipids by the liver.展开更多
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(No.2022R1A2C1006743)。
文摘This study presents a facile and rapid method for synthesizing novel Layered Double Hydroxide(LDH)nanoflakes,exploring their application as a photocatalyst,and investigating the influence of condensed phosphates'geometric linearity on their photocatalytic properties.Herein,the Mg O film,obtained by plasma electrolysis of AZ31 Mg alloys,was modified by growing an LDH film,which was further functionalized using cyclic sodium hexametaphosphate(CP)and linear sodium tripolyphosphate(LP).CP acted as an enhancer for flake spacing within the LDH structure,while LP changed flake dispersion and orientation.Consequently,CP@LDH demonstrated exceptional efficiency in heterogeneous photocatalysis,effectively degrading organic dyes like Methylene blue(MB),Congo red(CR),and Methyl orange(MO).The unique cyclic structure of CP likely enhances surface reactions and improves the catalyst's interaction with dye molecules.Furthermore,the condensed phosphate structure contributes to a higher surface area and reactivity in CP@LDH,leading to its superior photocatalytic performance compared to LP@LDH.Specifically,LP@LDH demonstrated notable degradation efficiencies of 93.02%,92.89%,and 88.81%for MB,MO,and CR respectively,over a 40 min duration.The highest degradation efficiencies were observed in the case of the CP@LDH sample,reporting 99.99%for MB,98.88%for CR,and 99.70%for MO.This underscores the potential of CP@LDH as a highly effective photocatalyst for organic dye degradation,offering promising prospects for environmental remediation and water detoxification applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2402001)the Postgraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice Project of Anhui Province(No.2022cxcysj013)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022T150615)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK5290000002)supported by Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.Y201768)。
文摘The safety valve is an important component to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the effect of safety valve type on the thermal runaway(TR)and gas venting behavior of LIBs,as well as the TR hazard severity of LIBs,are not known.In this paper,the TR and gas venting behavior of three 100 A h lithium iron phosphate(LFP)batteries with different safety valves are investigated under overheating.Compared to previous studies,the main contribution of this work is in studying and evaluating the effect of gas venting behavior and TR hazard severity of LFP batteries with three safety valve types.Two significant results are obtained:(Ⅰ)the safety valve type dominates over gas venting pressure of battery during safety venting,the maximum gas venting pressure of LFP batteries with a round safety valve is 3320 Pa,which is one order of magnitude higher than other batteries with oval or cavity safety valve;(Ⅱ)the LFP battery with oval safety valve has the lowest TR hazard as shown by the TR hazard assessment model based on gray-fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.This study reveals the effect of safety valve type on TR and gas venting,providing a clear direction for the safety valve design.
文摘In agricultural soils, phosphorus is often limited, leading farmers to employ artificial supplementation through both inorganic and organic fertilization methods due to its restricted availability. Soil fertilization has the potential to augment both the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities. Our study aimed to assess the effects of phosphate amendments, derived from natural phosphate rock, and chemical fertilizers (TSP, NPK), on the density and diversity of bacterial communities within the study plots. We developed and applied eight phosphate amendments during the initial cultivation cycle. Soil samples were collected post 1st and 2nd cultivation cycles, and the quantification of both total and cultivable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was conducted. Additionally, we analyzed bacterial community structure, α-diversity (Shannon Diversity Index, Evenness Index, Chao1 Index). The combination of natural phosphate rock (PR) and chemical fertilizers (TSP, NPK) significantly increased (p 7 bacteria/g dry soil) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (0.01 to 6.8 × 107 PSB/g dry soil) in comparison to unamended control soils. The diversity of bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Halobacterota, Chloroflexia) observed under each treatment remained consistent regardless of the nature of the phosphate amendment applied. However, changes in the abundance of the bacterial phyla populations were observed as a function of the nature of the phosphate amendment or chemical fertilizer. It appears that the addition of excessive natural phosphate rock does not alter the number and the diversity of soil microorganisms population despite successive cultivation cycles. However, the addition of excessive chemical fertilizer reduces soil microorganisms density and structure after the 2nd cultivation cycle.
基金the China Scholarship Council funding(CSC,202006150028)for her PhD study at the University of Copenhagen,Denmark.
文摘The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphorylated maize starches with a similar range of amylose content(AC)as controls.The starch property results showed that a higher SPC is associated with lower turbidity,storage and loss modulus after storage,and water solubility,but higher swelling power(SP)and pasting viscosities.These findings suggested that SPC inhibited molecular rearrangement during storage and starch leaching during heating,and enhanced swelling and viscosities due to increased hydration and water uptake caused by the repulsion effect of phosphate groups and a less ordered crystalline structure.Increased SPC also resulted in lower resistant starch(RS)content in a native granular state but higher RS after retrogradation.Pearson correlations further indicated that SPC/C3P/C6P were positively correlated with peak(r^(2)=0.925,0.873 and 0.930,respectively),trough(r^(2)=0.994,0.968 and 0.988,respectively),and final viscosities(r^(2)=0.981,0.968 and 0.971,respectively).Notably,SPC,mainly C3P,exhibited a significantly positive correlation with SP(r^(2)=0.859)and setback viscosity(r^(2)=0.867),whereas SPC,mainly C6P,showed a weak positive correlation with RS after retrogradation(r^(2)=0.746).However,SPC had no significant correlations with water solubility,turbidity and rheology properties,which were more correlated with AC.These findings are helpful for the food industry to select potato starches with desired properties based on their contents of SPC,C3P,or C6P.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172287)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA0715700)。
文摘Using a titration setup to accurately control the reaction conditions and in situ monitor the reaction,we showed that fluoride exhibited negligible effects on the ion association process of calcium and phosphate and the formation of ACP nanospheres in a buffer solution with constant ionic strength.However,the stability of ACP increased with increasing fluoride concentration,which was ascribed to the inhibitory effect of fluoride on the aggregation of ACP nanospheres and the nucleation of nanocrystals on the surface of ACP nanospheres.Furthermore,fluoride could inhibit the lateral growth of HAP nanosheets and promote the formation of rod-like crystals.These results further improve our understanding of the crystallization pathway of HAP crystals and the regulatory effects of fluoride.
基金Project(202202AG050010)supported by the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects,ChinaProject(202103AA080007)supported by the Key R&D Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province,ChinaProject(NECP2023-06)supported by the Open Project Fund of National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Development&Utilization of Phosphorous Resources,China。
文摘The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate tailings.In this study,high-performance geopolymers with compressive strength of 38.8 MPa were prepared by using phosphate tailings as the main raw material,fly ash as the active silicon-aluminum material,and water glass as the alkaline activator.The solid content of phosphate tailings and fly ash was 60% and 40%,respectively,and the water-cement ratio was 0.22.The results of XRD,FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS show that the reactivity of phosphate tailings with alkaline activator is weak,and the silicon-aluminum material can react with alkaline activator to form zeolite and gel,and encapsulate/cover the phosphate tailings to form a dense phosphate tailings-based geopolymer.During the formation of geopolymers,part of the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron replaced the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron,causing the polycondensation reaction between geopolymers and increasing the strength of geopolymers.The leaching toxicity test results show that the geopolymer has a good solid sealing effect on heavy metal ions.The preparation of geopolymer from phosphate tailings is an important way to alleviate the storage pressure and realize the resource utilization of phosphate tailings.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation,grant No.23-63-10056.
文摘Injectable bone cements are used in minimally invasive surgical techniques including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.This work is devoted to the development of magnesium-calcium phosphate cements(MCPCs)doped with gadolinium ions(Gd^(3+))for bone defect repair.Interaction between cement powders and a cement liquid resulted in the formation of newberyite and brushite phases,which gave mechanical strength up to 17 MPa without a thermal effect.The introduction of Gd3+into the lattice was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy;the doping increased injectivity while giving rise to antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli.Assays of the cement samples soaking in Kokubo’s simulated body fluid revealed the formation of calcium phosphate coatings on the cements’surface.The cements manifested biocompatibility with the MG-63 cell line and significantly enhanced contrast when Gd-MCPC was placed into a bone defect and examined by X-ray micro-computed tomography.For the first time,visualization of a Gd-doped cement material was achieved in a model of a bone defect analyzed by MRI.
基金Supported by the Major Program of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China。
文摘Phosphate was removed from aqueous environment by corundum-hollow-spheres supported caclined hydrotalcite (cHT) thin films. Mg-Al-CO3 hydrotalcite (HT) thin films were deposited on corundumhollow-sphere substrates by hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation at 120℃for 30-240 min and cHT thin films were obtained by annealing of the HT thin films at 500℃for 180 min. Their crystal phase, morphology and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results show that homogeneous, well-crystallized and hierarchical flower-like thin films were deposited firmly on the surface of the corundum. The mechanism of nucleation and growth of the HT thin films was fitted well with the anion coordination polyhedron growth unit model. To determine the absorption of phosphate by this adsorbent, different bed depth (10-30 cm) and flow rate (1.0-3.0 m L/min) were examined by column experiments. The highest removal efficiency of phosphate amounted to 98.5%under optimum condition (pH=7.2). The adsorption capacity increased as the bed depth increased and decreased as the flow rate increased.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1201700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272130)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production for their support。
文摘Phosphorus is a limiting factor in agriculture due to restricted availability in soil and low utilization efficiency of crops.The identification of superior haplotypes of key genes responsible for low-phosphate(Pi)tolerance and their natural variation is important for molecular breeding.In this study,we conducted genome-wide association studies on low-phosphate tolerance coefficients using 152 maize inbred lines,and identified a significant association between SNPs on chromosome 7 and a low-phosphate tolerance coefficient.ZmGRF10 was identified as a candidate gene involved in adaptation of maize to Pi starvation.Expression of ZmGRF10 is induced by Pi starvation.A mutation in ZmGRF10 alleviated Pi starvation stress.RNA-seq analyses revealed significant upregulation of genes encoding various phosphatases in the zmgrf10-1 mutant,suggesting that ZmGRF10 negatively regulates expression of these genes,thereby affecting low-Pi tolerance by suppressing phosphorus remobilization.A superior haplotype with variations in the promoter region exhibited lower transcription activity of ZmGRF10.Our study unveiled a novel gene contributing to tolerance to low-Pi availability with potential to benefit molecular breeding for high Pi utilization.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875224 and22179121)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(2022010801010202)Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology(FC202201)。
文摘Developing highly active oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts with robust durability is essential in producing high-purity hydrogen through water electrolysis.Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based catalysts have demonstrated efficient catalytic performance toward the relatively sluggish OER.By considering the promotion effect of phosphate(Pi)on proton transfer,herein,a facile phosphate acid(PA)surface-neutralization strategy is developed to in-situ construct NiCo-LDH/NiCoPi hetero-sheets toward OER catalysis.OER activity of NiCoLDH is significantly boosted due to the proton promotion effect and the electronic modulation effect of NiCoPi.As a result,the facilely prepared NiCo-LDH/NiCoPi catalyst displays superior OER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 300 mV to deliver 100 mA cm^(-2)OER and a Tafel slope of 73 mV dec^(-1).Furthermore,no visible activity decay is detected after a 200-h continuous OER operation.The present work,therefore,provides a promising strategy to exploit robust OER electrocatalysts for commercial water electrolysers.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Science Foundation of Tianjin(17JCYBJC23300).
文摘Phosphate removal is crucial for eutrophication control and water quality improvement.Electro-assisted adsorption,an eco-friendly elec-trosorption process,exhibited a promising potential for wastewater treatment.However,there are few works focused on phosphate electro-sorption,and reported electrodes cannot attach satisfactory removal capacities and rates.Herein,electro-assisted adsorption of phosphate via in-situ construction of La active centers on hierarchically porous carbon(LaPC)has been originally demonstrated.The resulted LaPC composite not only possessed a hierarchically porous structure with uniformly dispersed La active sites,but also provided good conductivity for interfacial electron transfer.The LaPC electrode achieved an ultrahigh phosphate electrosorption capability of 462.01 mg g^(-1) at 1 V,outperforming most existing electrodes.The superior phosphate removal performance originates from abundant active centers formed by the coupling of electricfield and capture sites.Besides,the stability and selectivity toward phosphate capture were maintained well even under comprehensive conditions.Moreover,a series of kinetics and isotherms models were employed to validate the electrosorption process.This work demonstrates a deep understanding and promotes a new level of phosphate electrosorption.
基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BCA071)the Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(2022020801020269).
文摘Phosphate tailings are usually used as backfill material in order to recycle tailings resources.This study considers the effect of the mix proportions of clinker-free binders on the fluidity,compressive strength and other key performances of cementitious backfill materials based on phosphate tailings.In particular,three solid wastes,phosphogypsum(PG),semi-aqueous phosphogypsum(HPG)and calcium carbide slag(CS),were selected to activate wet ground granulated blast furnace slag(WGGBS)and three different phosphate tailings backfill materials were prepared.Fluidity,rheology,settling ratio,compressive strength,water resistance and ion leaching behavior of backfill materials were determined.According to the results,when either PG or HPG is used as the sole activator,the fluidity properties of the materials are enhanced.Phosphate tailings backfill material activated with PG present the largest fluidity and the lowest yield stress.Furthermore,the backfill material’s compressive strength is considerably increased to 2.9 MPa at 28 days after WGGBS activation using a mix of HPG and CS,all with a settling ratio of only 1.15 percent.Additionally,all the three ratios of binder have obvious solidification effects on heavy metal ions Cu and Zn,and P in phosphate tailings.
基金financially supported through the research program between OCP Group and UM6P under the specific agreement AS34-flotation project
文摘Recycling waste frying oils for the synthesis of flotation reagents presents a promising avenue for sustainable waste management.Moreover,it offers a cost-effective solution for crafting a specialized collector designed to efficiently remove carbonates and enhance phosphate enrichment in froth flotation processes.This study focuses on the synthesis of an anionic collector using the saponification reaction of a frying oil sample,subsequently applied to the flotation of calcite and dolomite.To elucidate the adsorption mechanisms of the frying oil collector(FrOC)and sodium oleate,a reference collector,on fluorapatite,calcite,dolomite,and quartz surfaces,comprehensive experiments were conducted,including zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Results revealed diverse adsorption affinities of the molecules towards these minerals.To assess the practical performance of the collector,flotation tests were conducted using a natural phosphate ore mixture,employing a BoxBehnken experimental design.Notably,under optimized conditions(pH 9,1000 g/t of FrOC,3.5 min of conditioning,and 6 min of flotation),FrOC exhibited excellent performance,with calcite and dolomite recoveries exceeding 80%,while apatite recovery in the concentrate fraction remained below 10%.This work exemplifies both circular economy practices and the distinctive approach to sustainable mineral processing.
文摘Objective:To prepare and characterize polycaprolactone(PCL)nanoparticles loaded with sonicator fragmented(SLA)and freeze-thaw Leishmania antigens(FTLA)and to investigate the in vitro immunogenicity of antigen-encapsulated nanoparticles with calcium phosphate adjuvant.Methods:The water/oil/water binary emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to synthesize antigen-loaded PCL nanoparticles.Particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements.Their cytotoxicity in J774 macrophages in vitro was determined by MTT analysis.In addition,the amount of nitric oxide and the level of cytokines produced by macrophages were determined by Griess reaction and ELISA method,respectively.The protective effect of the developed formulations was evaluated by determining the infection index percentage in macrophages infected with Leishmania infantum.Results:Compared to the control group,SLA PCL and FTLA PCL nanoparticles with calcium phosphate adjuvant induced a 6-and 7-fold increase in nitric oxide,respectively.Additionally,the vaccine formulations promoted the production of IFN-γand IL-12.SLA PCL and FTLA PCL nanoparticles combined with calcium phosphate adjuvant caused an approximately 13-and 11-fold reduction in infection index,respectively,compared to the control group.Conclusions:The encapsulation of antigens obtained by both sonication and freeze-thawing into PCL nanoparticles and the formulations with calcium phosphate adjuvant show strong in vitro immune stimulating properties.Therefore,PCL-based antigen delivery systems and calcium phosphate adjuvant are recommended as a potential vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis.
文摘Iron toxicity is a major constraint to rice production, particularly in highly weathered soils of inland valleys in Sub-Saharan Africa where the rice growing area is rapidly expanding. This study aimed to improve the productiveness of iron toxicity sensitive’s rice fields as well as in the unsensitive fields by using local phosphate fertilizers. Eighteen (18) rice genotypes were been assessed in a split plot design in two areas: without iron toxicity and with iron toxicity. NPK, NK, Rock Phosphate, Triple super phosphate, Calcined phosphate and Acidulated phosphate were used as fertilizers. Data collection was focused on agronomic traits and yield (g/m<sup>2</sup>). The best fertilizers in the area without iron toxicity were NPK (820.2 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and triple super phosphate (751.7 g/m<sup>2</sup>). In the iron toxicity area, the best yields were performed by NPK (785.5 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and raw calcined phosphate (698.3 g/m<sup>2</sup>). Yet, the Accessions 15, Accessions 225, Accessions 226 and Accessions 270 were rainfed rice genotypes while CC109 A, HB 46 and HB 62 were low-land/irrigated rice genotypes. NPK, NK and acidulated phosphate fertilizers alleviate the best, iron toxicity in both sensitive and unsensitive rice fields.
基金the Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission(Nos.KJZD-K201901201,KJZD-202101201)the Top-notch Young Talents in Chongqing(No.CQYC201905086)the Technology Innovation and Application Development Project in Wanzhou District,Chongqing(No.wzstc-2019031)。
文摘To improve the brittleness characteristics of magnesium phosphate cement-based materials(MPC)and to promote its promotion and application in the field of structural reinforcement and repair,this study aimed to increase the toughness of MPC by adding jute fiber,explore the effects of different amounts of jute fiber on the working and mechanical properties of MPC,and prepare jute fiber reinforced magnesium phosphate cement-based materials(JFRMPC)to reinforce damaged beams.The improvement effect of beam performance before and after reinforcement was compared,and the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of jute fiber on MPC were explored through microscopic analysis.The experimental results show that,as the content of jute fiber(JF)increases,the fluidity and setting time of MPC decrease continuously;When the content of jute fiber is 0.8%,the compressive strength,flexural strength,and bonding strength of MPC at 28 days reach their maximum values,which are increased by 18.0%,20.5%,and 22.6%compared to those of M0,respectively.The beam strengthened with JFRMPC can withstand greater deformation,with a deflection of 2.3 times that of the unreinforced beam at failure.The strain of the steel bar is greatly reduced,and the initial crack and failure loads of the reinforced beam are increased by 192.1%and 16.1%,respectively,compared to those of the unreinforced beam.The JF added to the MPC matrix dissipates energy through tensile fracture and debonding pull-out,slowing down stress concentration and inhibiting the free development of cracks in the matrix,enabling JFRMPC to exhibit higher strength and better toughness.The JF does not cause the hydration of MPC to generate new compounds but reduces the amount of hydration products generated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.52072322)the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (CN) (grant no.23GJHZ0147,23ZDYF0262,2022YFG0294)Research and Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of Southwest Petroleum University (No.:2022KYCX111)。
文摘Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high temperatures.Herein,a flame-retardant,low-cost and thermally stable long chain phosphate ester based(tributyl phosphate,TBP)electrolyte is reported,which can effectively enhance the cycling stability of highly loaded high-nickel LMBs with high safety through co-solvation strategy.The interfacial compatibility between TBP and electrode is effectively improved using a short-chain ether(glycol dimethyl ether,DME),and a specially competitive solvation structure is further constructed using lithium borate difluorooxalate(LiDFOB)to form the stable and inorganic-rich electrode interphases.Benefiting from the presence of the cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)enriched with LiF and Li_(x)PO_(y)F_(z),the electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability assembled using a 50μm lithium foil anode in combination with a high loading NMC811(15.4 mg cm^(-2))cathode,with 88%capacity retention after 120 cycles.Furthermore,the electrolyte exhibits excellent high-temperature characteristics when used in a 1-Ah pouch cell(N/P=0.26),and higher thermal runaway temperature(238℃)in the ARC(accelerating rate calorimeter)demonstrating high safety.This novel electrolyte adopts long-chain phosphate as the main solvent for the first time,and would provide a new idea for the development of extremely high safety and high-temperature electrolytes.
基金funded by DRPM,Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,under Research Grant No.1284/PKS/ITS/2024,dated 29 February 2024.
文摘This study investigated the efficiency of activated carbon from Pangium edule shells for removing phosphate from aqueous solution.The adsorption capacity of the synthesized activated carbon was determined to be 19.8392 mg g−1.Various isotherm models were used to analyze the adsorption process,Henry,Freundlich,SIP,and Halsey isotherm fitting showed r2 values close to 1.0.These isotherms indicated a combination of physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms,with heterogeneity and multilayer formation playing important roles.A pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption kinetics well,suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism with an r2 value of 1.0 and a rate constant k_(2) of 1.2550 min^(-1).The optimization was carried out using central composite design(CCD)using 3 factors(contact time(minutes),adsorbent dosage(mg),and initial phosphate concentration(ppm))with 3 levels.The CCD output was analyzed using response surface methodology(RSM)to obtain the optimum level of each factor.A contact time of one to two hours and an adsorbent dosage of more than 80 mg was recommended.Optimal removal was achieved at initial phosphate concentrations between 800 and 1150 ppm.Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscope(SEM)showed a highly irregular surface structure of activated carbon,while X-ray Diffraction(XRD)patterns indicated the presence of amorphous carbon.Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)analysis identified functional groups contributing to the adsorption process and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDX)analysis confirmed the presence of phosphate on the carbon surface after adsorption.In conclusion,activated carbon from P.edule shells has significant potential in phosphate removal,with a combination of high adsorption capacity,effective adsorption mechanism,and favorable kinetics,making it a promising material for water treatment.
基金Supported by Youth Independent Innovation Science Fund Project from Chinese PLA General Hospital,No.22QNFC075.
文摘Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer(PC)stand as the most worrisome ailments affecting the pancreas.Researchers have dedicated efforts to unraveling the mechanisms underlying these diseases,yet their true nature continues to elude their grasp.Within this realm,oxidative stress is often believed to play a causal and contributory role in the development of pancreatitis and PC.Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)can cause oxidative stress,and the key enzyme responsible for inducing ROS production in cells is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxides(NOX).NOX contribute to pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation by generating ROS that injure acinar cells,activate pancreatic stellate cells,and mediate macrophage polarization.Excessive ROS production occurs during malignant transformation and pancreatic carcinogenesis,creating an oxidative microenvironment that can cause abnormal apoptosis,epithelial to mesenchymal transition and genomic instability.Therefore,understanding the role of NOX in pancreatic diseases contributes to a more in-depth exploration of the exact pathogenesis of these diseases.In this review,we aim to summarize the potential roles of NOX and its mechanism in pancreatic disorders,aiming to provide novel insights into understanding the mechanisms underlying these diseases.
文摘Changes in lipid metabolism have been implicated in protection against infectious diseases. In the first experiment of this study, we measured clinical lipid parameters in a murine model where the unmethylated cytidine phosphate guanosine (CpG) oligodinucleotide (ODN1826), a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist was administered in combination with D-galactosamine (GalN) that caused relatively liver-specific inflammation and toxicity. In the control mice group injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (acute psychological stress model associated with blood sampling), the serum triglyceride (TG) levels showed a rapid decrease followed by a rebound at 24 h as we have recently reported. However, such a TG rebound was impaired in the CpG/GalN- and solely CpG-treated groups of mice despite an absence of liver injury based on serum alanine aminotransferase levels in the latter group. Thus, the stress-associated serum TG rebound was abrogated by the injection of a sub-hepatotoxic CpG dose. In the second experiment, we simply measured the hepatic CD36 and SACRB1 (the gene for scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1)) transcripts after the i.p. administration of PBS, CpG or CpG/GalN. There was a remarkable elevation of hepatic CD36 transcript expression in both the CpG- and CpG/GalN-treated mice at 8 h post-CpG injection whereas the increase in the PBS-treated mice was slower than the former two groups, suggesting that hepatic CD36 transcript expression is more pronounced in the combined stress models than under psychological stress alone. The individual mice data showed that the increase in CD36 expression was accompanied by a reduction in SCARB1 mRNA, showing reciprocal regulation between these two genes. Together with our previously reported findings, these data suggest that, in a murine model combining psychological stress with TLR-triggered hepatic inflammation, the psychological stress facilitates liver uptake of plasma TG (and its components fatty acids), but the subsequent re-esterification and/or release of TG-rich lipoproteins from the liver is impaired due to the concomitant TLR-signaling. We hypothesize that lipid metabolism during acute stress shifts toward an elevated hepatic uptake of lipids due to concomitant TLR signaling, facilitating the clearance of bacterial lipids by the liver.
