Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas.To address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has bee...Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas.To address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has been established that facilitates microwave imaging reflectometry and electron cyclotron emission imaging.This platform utilizes plasma profiles as input and incorporates the finite-difference time domain,ray tracing and the radiative transfer equation to calculate the propagation of plasma spontaneous radiation and the external electromagnetic field in plasmas.Benchmark tests for classical cases have been conducted to verify the accuracy of every core module in the GSD platform.Finally,2D imaging of a typical electron temperature distribution is reproduced by this platform and the results are consistent with the given real experimental data.This platform also has the potential to be extended to 3D electromagnetic field simulations and other microwave diagnostics such as cross-polarization scattering.展开更多
The optical design of near-infrared phase contrast imaging(NI-PCI)diagnosis on HL-2A is introduced in this paper.This scheme benefits from the great progress of near-infrared laser technology and is a broadening of tr...The optical design of near-infrared phase contrast imaging(NI-PCI)diagnosis on HL-2A is introduced in this paper.This scheme benefits from the great progress of near-infrared laser technology and is a broadening of traditional phase contrast technology.This diagnostic can work as a keen tool to measure plasma wavenumber spectra by inferring string-integrated plasma density fluctuations.Design of both the front optical path which is the path before the laser transmitting into the tokamak plasma and the rear optics which is the path after the laser passing through the plasma is detailed.The 1550 nm laser is chosen as the probe beam and highprecision optical components are designed to fit the laser beam,in which a phase plate with a 194-nm-deep silver groove is the key.Compared with the conventional 10.6μm laser-based PCI system on HL-2A,NI-PCI significantly overcomes the unwanted phase scintillation effect and promotes the measurement capability of high-wavenumber turbulence with an increased maximal measurable wavenumber from 15 cm^(-1)to 32.6 cm^(-1).展开更多
Monochromatic x-ray imaging is an essential method for plasma diagnostics related to density information.Large-field high-resolution monochromatic imaging of a He-like iron(Fe XXV)Kαcharacteristic line(6.701 keV)for ...Monochromatic x-ray imaging is an essential method for plasma diagnostics related to density information.Large-field high-resolution monochromatic imaging of a He-like iron(Fe XXV)Kαcharacteristic line(6.701 keV)for laser plasma diagnostics was achieved using a developed toroidal crystal x-ray imager.A high-index crystal orientation Ge(531)wafer with a Bragg angle of 75.37°and the toroidal substrate were selected to obtain sufficient diffraction efficiency and compensate for astigmatism under oblique incidence.A precise offline assembly method of the toroidal crystal imager based on energy substitution was proposed,and a spatial resolution of 3-7μm was obtained by toroidal crystal imaging of a 600 line-pairs/inch Au grid within an object field of view larger than 1.0 mm.The toroidal crystal x-ray imager has been successfully tested via side-on backlight imaging experiments of the sinusoidal modulation target and a 1000 line-pairs/inch Au grid with a linewidth of 5μm using an online alignment method based on dual positioning balls to indicate the target and backlighter.This paper describes the optical design,adjustment method,and experimental results of a toroidal crystal system in a laboratory and laser facility.展开更多
Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)comprising up to 90%of cases.Imaging is a staple for surveillance and diagnostic criteria for HCC in current guidel...Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)comprising up to 90%of cases.Imaging is a staple for surveillance and diagnostic criteria for HCC in current guidelines.Because early diagnosis can impact treatment approaches,utilizing new imaging methods and protocols to aid in differentiation and tumor grading provides a unique opportunity to drastically impact patient prognosis.Within this review manuscript,we provide an overview of imaging modalities used to screen and evaluate HCC.We also briefly discuss emerging uses of new imaging techniques that offer the potential for improving current paradigms for HCC character-ization,management,and treatment monitoring.展开更多
Breast pathology is varied, bringing together tumor and non-tumor lesions. Objective: To study the contribution of the ultrasound-mammography pair in the diagnosis of breast pathologies. Materials and Method: This was...Breast pathology is varied, bringing together tumor and non-tumor lesions. Objective: To study the contribution of the ultrasound-mammography pair in the diagnosis of breast pathologies. Materials and Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study, carried out over a period of 3 years (from January 2018 to December 2020) at the Diagnostic Imaging Center (C.I.D) “TERIYA” in BAMAKO. It concerned all patients who came for a mammogram/ultrasound examination of the breast. All women admitted for mammogram or breast ultrasound who were diagnosed with a breast injury during the study period were included. Incomplete records and radiological checks were not included. The variables analyzed were age, sex, clinical data, and ultrasound and mammography aspects. The devices used are: a Voluson 730 PRO ultrasound machine and a G 600T type mammography machine. Results: At the end of our study, we collected 254 breast pathologies on a number of 382 women, i.e. a frequency of 66.49%. The average age of our patients was 41 years old. The dominant clinical data were mastodynia (41.88%) and mammary nodule (21.70%). On imaging (mammo-ultrasound) the lesions predominated on the left in 36% of cases, bilateral in 28% of cases and in the upper-outer quadrants in 31.5% of cases. Tumor pathologies represented 66.54% of which 45.27% were benign mainly composed of fibro-adenoma (20.88%) and cyst (18.50%), 11.8% of suspected cases and 9.45% of cancers. Non-tumor pathologies represented 33.46%, mainly mastitis (16.14%), galactophoric dilations (11.02%) and abscesses (5.51%). These pathologies were classified in 50.3% in ACR2, 17.75% in ACR3 and 4, and in 14.20% in ACR5. Lymphadenopathy was present in 73.21% of cases.展开更多
The population with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is increasingly common worldwide.Identification of people at risk of progression to advanced stages is necessary to timely offer intervent...The population with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is increasingly common worldwide.Identification of people at risk of progression to advanced stages is necessary to timely offer interventions and appropriate care.Liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of MAFLD,but it has associated risks and limitations.This has spurred the exploration of non-invasive diagnostics for MAFLD,especially for steatohepatitis and fibrosis.These non-invasive approaches mostly include biomarkers and algorithms derived from anthropometric measurements,serum tests,imaging or stool metagenome profiling.However,they still need rigorous and widespread clinical validation for the diagnostic performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Over 90%of rectal cancer patients develop low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)after sphincter-preserving resection.The current globally recognized evaluation method has many drawbacks and its subjectivity ...BACKGROUND Over 90%of rectal cancer patients develop low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)after sphincter-preserving resection.The current globally recognized evaluation method has many drawbacks and its subjectivity is too strong,which hinders the research and treatment of LARS.AIM To evaluate the anorectal function after colorectal cancer surgery by quantifying the index of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)defecography,and pathogenesis of LARS.METHODS We evaluated 34 patients using the standard LARS score,and a new LARS evaluation index was established using the dynamic images of MRI defecography to verify the LARS score.RESULTS In the LARS score model,there were 10(29.41%)mild and 24(70.58%)severe cases of LARS.The comparison of defecation rate between the two groups was 29.36±14.17%versus 46.83±18.62%(P=0.004);and MRI-rectal compliance(MRI-RC)score was 3.63±1.96 versus 7.0±3.21(P=0.001).Severe and mild LARS had significant differences using the two evaluation methods.There was a significant negative correlation between LARS and MRI-RC score(P<0.001),and they had a negative correlation with defecation rate(P=0.028).CONCLUSION MRI defecography and standard LARS score can both be used as an evaluation index to study the pathogenesis of LARS.展开更多
Five years have passed since the Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification was proposed in 2014. However, the diagnostic performance of this classification has not yet been established. We conducted ...Five years have passed since the Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification was proposed in 2014. However, the diagnostic performance of this classification has not yet been established. We conducted a retrospective study and a systematic search of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-Line. There were three retrospective single center studies about the diagnostic performance of this classification. In order to clarify this issue, we reviewed our study and three previous studies. This review revealed the diagnostic performance in regards to three important differentiations.(1) Neoplasia from non-neoplasia;(2) malignant neoplasia from benign neoplasia;and (3) deep submucosal invasive cancer (D-SMC) from other neoplasia. The sensitivity in differentiating neoplasia from non-neoplasia was 98.1%-99.8%. The specificity in differentiating malignant neoplasia from benign neoplasia was 84.7%-98.2% and the specificity in the differentiation D-SMC from other neoplasia was 99.8%-100.0%. This classification would enable endoscopists to identify almost all neoplasia, to appropriately determine whether to perform en bloc resection or not, and to avoid unnecessary surgery. This article is the first review about the diagnostic performance of the JNET classification. Previous reports about the diagnostic performance have all been retrospective single center studies. A large-scale prospective multicenter evaluation study is awaited for the validation.展开更多
AIM:To compare the imaging results with histology and to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of imaging modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)smaller than 2 cm.METHODS:Nodules smaller than 2 cm(n=34)revealed by ...AIM:To compare the imaging results with histology and to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of imaging modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)smaller than 2 cm.METHODS:Nodules smaller than 2 cm(n=34)revealed by ultrasonography(US)in 29 patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed.Histological diagnosis of HCC was performed by ultrasonographic guidance:moderately-differentiated HCC(n=24);well-differentiated HCC(n=10).The patterns disclosed by the four imaging modalities defined the conclusive diagnosis of HCC:(1)contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT),hypervascularity in the arterial phase and washout in the equilibrium phase;(2)Sonazoid contrast-enhanced US(CEUS),hypervascularity in the early vascular phase and defect in the Kupffer phase;(3)gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(Gd-EOBDTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),hypervascularity in the arterial phase and/or defect in the hepatobiliary phase;and(4)CT arterioportal angiography:hypervascularity by CT during arteriography and/ or perfusion defect by CT during arterial portography.RESULTS:Overall,the sensitivity of diagnosing HCC smaller than 2 cm was 52.9%(18/34)(95%CI:35.170.2)by CECT;67.6%(23/34)(95%CI:49.5-82.6)by Sonazoid CEUS;76.5%(26/34)(95%CI:58.8-89.3) by Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI;and 88.2%(30/34)(95%CI: 72.5-96.7)by CT arterioportal angiography.The diagnostic sensitivity of detecting moderately-differentiated HCC by CECT,Sonazoid CEUS,Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI and CT arterioportal angiography was 62.5%(15/24)(95%CI: 40.6-81.2),79.2%(19/24)(95%CI:57.8-92.9),75.0% (18/24)(95%CI:53.3-90.2)and 95.8%(23/24)(95% CI:78.9-99.9),respectively.A significant difference(P< 0.05)was observed between CECT and CT arterioportal angiography in all nodules.There was no difference between Sonazoid CEUS,Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI,and CT arterioportal angiography.The combined sensitivity of Sonazoid CEUS and Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI was 94.1%(32/34).CONCLUSION:Changing the main diagnostic modality for HCC smaller than 2 cm from CT arterioportal angiography to Sonazoid CEUS and Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI is recommended.展开更多
A gas puff imaging(GPI) diagnostic has been developed and applied to measure edge plasma turbulence on the HL-2A tokamak.The principle and experimental setup of GPI are described.GPI is applied to investigate blobs in...A gas puff imaging(GPI) diagnostic has been developed and applied to measure edge plasma turbulence on the HL-2A tokamak.The principle and experimental setup of GPI are described.GPI is applied to investigate blobs in the edge and scrape-off layer.Statistical characterizations of GPI line emission intensity are calculated, including the probability density functions(PDFs),skewness, and kurtosis of the intensity, which are found to be consistent with measurements by Langmuir probes.Besides, the track of blob motions is recorded by time sequence of individual frames.The characteristics of the original images and the relatively high-frequency(>10 kHz)/low-frequency(1–10 kHz) component images are illustrated.The observation of the blob’s structures and high-speed motions proves the success and high performance of the GPI diagnostic.展开更多
Probability-based diagnostic imaging(PDI)is one of the most well-known damage identification methods using guided waves.It is usually applied to diagnose damage in plates.The previous studies were dependent on the cer...Probability-based diagnostic imaging(PDI)is one of the most well-known damage identification methods using guided waves.It is usually applied to diagnose damage in plates.The previous studies were dependent on the certain damage index(DI)which is always calculated from the guided wave signals.In conventional methods,DI is simply defined by comparing the real-time data with the baseline data as reference.However,the baseline signal is easily affected by varying environmental conditions of structures.In this paper,a reference-free diagnostic imaging method is developed to avoid the influence of environmental factors,such as temperature and load conditions.The DI is defined based on the mode conversion of multi-mode guided waves with realtime signals without baseline signals.To improve the accuracy of diagnosis,two terms are included in the reference-free DI.One is called energy DI,which is defined based on the feature of signal energy.The other is called correlation DI and is defined based on the correlation coefficient.Then the PDI algorithm can be carried out instantaneously according to the reference-free DI.The real-time signals which are used to calculate DI are collected by the piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate(PZT)transducers placed on both sides of a plate.The numerical simulations by the finite element(FE)method on aluminum plates with PZT arrays are performed to validate the effectiveness of the reference-free damage diagnostic imaging.The approach is validated by two different arrays:a circle network and a square network.The results of diagnostic imaging are demonstrated and discussed in this paper.Furthermore,the advantage of reference-free DI is investigated by comparing the accuracy of defined reference-free DI and energy DI.展开更多
Radiogenomic imaging refers to the correlation between cancer imaging features and gene expression and is one of the most promising areas within science and medicine. High-throughput biological techniques have reshape...Radiogenomic imaging refers to the correlation between cancer imaging features and gene expression and is one of the most promising areas within science and medicine. High-throughput biological techniques have reshaped the perspective of biomedical research allowing for fast and efficient assessment of the entire molecular topography of a cell's physiology providing new insights into human cancers. The use of non-invasive imaging tools for gene expression profiling of solid tumors could serve as a means for linking specific imaging features with specific gene expression patterns thereby allowing for more accurate diagnosis and prognosis and obviating the need for high-risk invasive biopsy procedures. This review focuses on the medical imaging part as one of the main drivers for the development of radiogenomic imaging.展开更多
Imaging plays an increasingly important role in the work up of prostate cancer(PCa) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is generally accepted as the most accurate and promising imaging modality in the local staging of...Imaging plays an increasingly important role in the work up of prostate cancer(PCa) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is generally accepted as the most accurate and promising imaging modality in the local staging of PCa due to its high spatial resolution and excellent soft tissue contrast. The quality and performance of MRI of the prostate has improved dramatically during the last decade. Mainly, the combination of morphological information and functional information on cell density, tissue perfusion or metabolism as provided in multi-parametric prostate MRI(mp MRI) has led to a substantial increase in lesion detection and characterization. The correlation between functional parameters as provided by MRI and the aggressiveness of PCa as determined by the Gleason Score may help in differentiating clinically signifi cant from indolent PCa non-invasively. Besides these pros, radiologists are confronted with an immense amount of information and standardized acquisition, interpretation and reporting of mp MRI is not yet a reality. Furthermore, prostate MRI availability is still limited to high volume centers in many countries; hence, it is not yet a routine tool in common daily practice. Hence, development of guidelines for standardized acquisition, interpretation andreporting of prostate MRI exams is urgently needed in order to provide useful information for treating clinicians. Preferably, multi-centric clinical studies comparing MRI fi ndings to step-section histological specimens are mandatory during the coming years. Furthermore, simplification of the acquisition must be achieved in order to make this imaging modality applicable for daily use in common uro-radiological practice.展开更多
The role of radiology and the radiologist have evolved throughout the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Early on,chest computed tomography was used for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19;however,it is now in...The role of radiology and the radiologist have evolved throughout the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Early on,chest computed tomography was used for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19;however,it is now indicated for high-risk patients,those with severe disease,or in areas where polymerase chain reaction testing is sparsely available.Chest radiography is now utilized mainly for monitoring disease progression in hospitalized patients showing signs of worsening clinical status.Additionally,many challenges at the operational level have been overcome within the field of radiology throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.The use of teleradiology and virtual care clinics greatly enhanced our ability to socially distance and both are likely to remain important mediums for diagnostic imaging delivery and patient care.Opportunities to better utilize of imaging for detection of extrapulmonary manifestations and complications of COVID-19 disease will continue to arise as a more detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of the virus continues to be uncovered and identification of predisposing risk factors for complication development continue to be better understood.Furthermore,unidentified advancements in areas such as standardized imaging reporting,point-of-care ultrasound,and artificial intelligence offer exciting discovery pathways that will inevitably lead to improved care for patients with COVID-19.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)–dynamic contrast imaging(dynamic contrast-enhanced[DCE]-MRI)combined with diffusion-we...Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)–dynamic contrast imaging(dynamic contrast-enhanced[DCE]-MRI)combined with diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)in detecting breast cancer.Research Methodology:A retrospective study was performed to compare the results of DCE-MRI combined with DWI in 78 patients with breast cancer who were treated in our hospital between January 20 and December 2018.Results:After diagnosis,the coincidence rate of diagnosis by DCEMRI combined with DWI was significantly higher than ultrasound(91.0%vs.55.1%,respectively,P<0.05).Among the two diagnostic methods,DCE-MRI combined with DWI imaging showed more obvious tumor signals,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pre-operative application of DCE-MRI combined with DWI can provide a more accurate and effective reference for surgical planning.展开更多
1 BackgroundIt is well known that the radiology diagnostic report as the essential component of the patient′s permanent health record,which radiography is an indispensable diagnostic tool.Our duties are observe the i...1 BackgroundIt is well known that the radiology diagnostic report as the essential component of the patient′s permanent health record,which radiography is an indispensable diagnostic tool.Our duties are observe the imaging carefully and write a展开更多
Objective:To compare and analyze the clinical diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI for primary liver cancer(PLC),and to summarize the imaging findings.Methods:The research subjects in this articl...Objective:To compare and analyze the clinical diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI for primary liver cancer(PLC),and to summarize the imaging findings.Methods:The research subjects in this article were 50 patients with PLC who were admitted to our hospital from 2017 April to 2018 September.After the patients were admitted,they were examined by multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI scanning,and the pathological diagnosis results were followed up.Relevant information was reviewed and analyzed.Results:The detection rate of multi-slice spiral CT was higher than that of MRI in the portal venous phase lesion detection.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rate of lesions in the arterial phase and delayed phase was not statistically significant(P>0.05);the diagnostic accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT was 85.96%,and the diagnostic accuracy of enhanced MRI scanning was 91.11%,which was not statistically significant(P>0.05).MRI scans showed the capsules of primary liver cancer better than CT,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,both multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI can be used for the effective diagnosis of primary liver cancer intrahepatic lesions.The diagnostic value of the two is equivalent,but enhanced MRI has a slightly higher diagnostic accuracy and can be used as the preferred method.展开更多
Pancreatic transplantation is considered by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes an acceptable surgical procedure in patients with type 1 diabetes also undergoing ki...Pancreatic transplantation is considered by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes an acceptable surgical procedure in patients with type 1 diabetes also undergoing kidney transplantation in pre-final or end-stage renal disease if no contraindications are present.Pancreatic transplantation,however,is a complex surgical procedure and may lead to a range of postoperative complications that can significantly impact graft function and patient outcomes.Postoperative computed tomography(CT)is often adopted to evaluate perfusion of the transplanted pancreas,identify complications and as a guide for interventional radiology procedures.CT assessment after pancreatic transplantation should start with the evaluation of the arterial Y-graft,the venous anastomosis and the duodenojejunostomy.With regard to complications,CT allows for the identification of vascular complications,such as thrombosis or stenosis of blood vessels supplying the graft,the detection of pancreatic fluid collections,including pseudocysts,abscesses,or leaks,the assessment of bowel complications(anastomotic leaks,ileus or obstruction),and the identification of bleeding.The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate CT findings of surgical-related complications after pancreatic transplantation.The knowledge of surgical techniques is of key importance to understand postoperative anatomic changes and imaging evaluation.Therefore,we first provide a short summary of the main techniques of pancreatic transplantation.Then,we provide a practical imaging approach to pancreatic transplantation and its complications providing tips and tricks for the prompt imaging diagnosis on CT.展开更多
Ferroptosis offers a novel method for overcoming therapeutic resistance of cancers to conventional cancer treatment regimens.Its effective use as a cancer therapy requires a precisely targeted approach,which can be fa...Ferroptosis offers a novel method for overcoming therapeutic resistance of cancers to conventional cancer treatment regimens.Its effective use as a cancer therapy requires a precisely targeted approach,which can be facilitated by using nanoparticles and nanomedicine,and their use to enhance ferroptosis is indeed a growing area of research.While a few review papers have been published on iron-dependent mechanism and inducers of ferroptosis cancer therapy that partly covers ferroptosis nanoparticles,there is a need for a comprehensive review focusing on the design of magnetic nanoparticles that can typically supply iron ions to promote ferroptosis and simultaneously enable targeted ferroptosis cancer nanomedicine.Furthermore,magnetic nanoparticles can locally induce ferroptosis and combinational ferroptosis with diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The use of remotely controllable magnetic nanocarriers can offer highly effective localized image-guided ferroptosis cancer nanomedicine.Here,recent developments in magnetically manipulable nanocarriers for ferroptosis cancer nanomedicine with medical imaging are summarized.This review also highlights the advantages of current state-of-the-art image-guided ferroptosis cancer nanomedicine.Finally,image guided combinational ferroptosis cancer therapy with conventional apoptosis-based therapy that enables synergistic tumor therapy is discussed for clinical translations.展开更多
Liver disease is a major health concern globally,with high morbidity and mortality rates.Precise diagnosis and assessment are vital for guiding treatment approaches,predicting outcomes,and improving patient prognosis....Liver disease is a major health concern globally,with high morbidity and mortality rates.Precise diagnosis and assessment are vital for guiding treatment approaches,predicting outcomes,and improving patient prognosis.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that has been widely used for detecting liver disease.Recent advancements in MRI technology,such as diffusion weighted imaging,intravoxel incoherent motion,magnetic resonance elastography,chemical exchange saturation transfer,magnetic resonance spectroscopy,hyperpolarized MR,contrast-enhanced MRI,and radiomics,have significantly improved the accuracy and effectiveness of liver disease diagnosis.This review aims to discuss the progress in new MRI technologies for liver diagnosis.By summarizing current research findings,we aim to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers and clinicians to optimize the use of MRI in liver disease diagnosis and improve patient prognosis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Program of China(No.2019YFE03020001)the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS(No.2021HSC-CIP010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas.To address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has been established that facilitates microwave imaging reflectometry and electron cyclotron emission imaging.This platform utilizes plasma profiles as input and incorporates the finite-difference time domain,ray tracing and the radiative transfer equation to calculate the propagation of plasma spontaneous radiation and the external electromagnetic field in plasmas.Benchmark tests for classical cases have been conducted to verify the accuracy of every core module in the GSD platform.Finally,2D imaging of a typical electron temperature distribution is reproduced by this platform and the results are consistent with the given real experimental data.This platform also has the potential to be extended to 3D electromagnetic field simulations and other microwave diagnostics such as cross-polarization scattering.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2019YFE03090100 and 2022YFE03100002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12075241)。
文摘The optical design of near-infrared phase contrast imaging(NI-PCI)diagnosis on HL-2A is introduced in this paper.This scheme benefits from the great progress of near-infrared laser technology and is a broadening of traditional phase contrast technology.This diagnostic can work as a keen tool to measure plasma wavenumber spectra by inferring string-integrated plasma density fluctuations.Design of both the front optical path which is the path before the laser transmitting into the tokamak plasma and the rear optics which is the path after the laser passing through the plasma is detailed.The 1550 nm laser is chosen as the probe beam and highprecision optical components are designed to fit the laser beam,in which a phase plate with a 194-nm-deep silver groove is the key.Compared with the conventional 10.6μm laser-based PCI system on HL-2A,NI-PCI significantly overcomes the unwanted phase scintillation effect and promotes the measurement capability of high-wavenumber turbulence with an increased maximal measurable wavenumber from 15 cm^(-1)to 32.6 cm^(-1).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11805212)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFE03080200)。
文摘Monochromatic x-ray imaging is an essential method for plasma diagnostics related to density information.Large-field high-resolution monochromatic imaging of a He-like iron(Fe XXV)Kαcharacteristic line(6.701 keV)for laser plasma diagnostics was achieved using a developed toroidal crystal x-ray imager.A high-index crystal orientation Ge(531)wafer with a Bragg angle of 75.37°and the toroidal substrate were selected to obtain sufficient diffraction efficiency and compensate for astigmatism under oblique incidence.A precise offline assembly method of the toroidal crystal imager based on energy substitution was proposed,and a spatial resolution of 3-7μm was obtained by toroidal crystal imaging of a 600 line-pairs/inch Au grid within an object field of view larger than 1.0 mm.The toroidal crystal x-ray imager has been successfully tested via side-on backlight imaging experiments of the sinusoidal modulation target and a 1000 line-pairs/inch Au grid with a linewidth of 5μm using an online alignment method based on dual positioning balls to indicate the target and backlighter.This paper describes the optical design,adjustment method,and experimental results of a toroidal crystal system in a laboratory and laser facility.
文摘Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)comprising up to 90%of cases.Imaging is a staple for surveillance and diagnostic criteria for HCC in current guidelines.Because early diagnosis can impact treatment approaches,utilizing new imaging methods and protocols to aid in differentiation and tumor grading provides a unique opportunity to drastically impact patient prognosis.Within this review manuscript,we provide an overview of imaging modalities used to screen and evaluate HCC.We also briefly discuss emerging uses of new imaging techniques that offer the potential for improving current paradigms for HCC character-ization,management,and treatment monitoring.
文摘Breast pathology is varied, bringing together tumor and non-tumor lesions. Objective: To study the contribution of the ultrasound-mammography pair in the diagnosis of breast pathologies. Materials and Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study, carried out over a period of 3 years (from January 2018 to December 2020) at the Diagnostic Imaging Center (C.I.D) “TERIYA” in BAMAKO. It concerned all patients who came for a mammogram/ultrasound examination of the breast. All women admitted for mammogram or breast ultrasound who were diagnosed with a breast injury during the study period were included. Incomplete records and radiological checks were not included. The variables analyzed were age, sex, clinical data, and ultrasound and mammography aspects. The devices used are: a Voluson 730 PRO ultrasound machine and a G 600T type mammography machine. Results: At the end of our study, we collected 254 breast pathologies on a number of 382 women, i.e. a frequency of 66.49%. The average age of our patients was 41 years old. The dominant clinical data were mastodynia (41.88%) and mammary nodule (21.70%). On imaging (mammo-ultrasound) the lesions predominated on the left in 36% of cases, bilateral in 28% of cases and in the upper-outer quadrants in 31.5% of cases. Tumor pathologies represented 66.54% of which 45.27% were benign mainly composed of fibro-adenoma (20.88%) and cyst (18.50%), 11.8% of suspected cases and 9.45% of cancers. Non-tumor pathologies represented 33.46%, mainly mastitis (16.14%), galactophoric dilations (11.02%) and abscesses (5.51%). These pathologies were classified in 50.3% in ACR2, 17.75% in ACR3 and 4, and in 14.20% in ACR5. Lymphadenopathy was present in 73.21% of cases.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82104525.
文摘The population with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is increasingly common worldwide.Identification of people at risk of progression to advanced stages is necessary to timely offer interventions and appropriate care.Liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of MAFLD,but it has associated risks and limitations.This has spurred the exploration of non-invasive diagnostics for MAFLD,especially for steatohepatitis and fibrosis.These non-invasive approaches mostly include biomarkers and algorithms derived from anthropometric measurements,serum tests,imaging or stool metagenome profiling.However,they still need rigorous and widespread clinical validation for the diagnostic performance.
文摘BACKGROUND Over 90%of rectal cancer patients develop low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)after sphincter-preserving resection.The current globally recognized evaluation method has many drawbacks and its subjectivity is too strong,which hinders the research and treatment of LARS.AIM To evaluate the anorectal function after colorectal cancer surgery by quantifying the index of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)defecography,and pathogenesis of LARS.METHODS We evaluated 34 patients using the standard LARS score,and a new LARS evaluation index was established using the dynamic images of MRI defecography to verify the LARS score.RESULTS In the LARS score model,there were 10(29.41%)mild and 24(70.58%)severe cases of LARS.The comparison of defecation rate between the two groups was 29.36±14.17%versus 46.83±18.62%(P=0.004);and MRI-rectal compliance(MRI-RC)score was 3.63±1.96 versus 7.0±3.21(P=0.001).Severe and mild LARS had significant differences using the two evaluation methods.There was a significant negative correlation between LARS and MRI-RC score(P<0.001),and they had a negative correlation with defecation rate(P=0.028).CONCLUSION MRI defecography and standard LARS score can both be used as an evaluation index to study the pathogenesis of LARS.
文摘Five years have passed since the Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification was proposed in 2014. However, the diagnostic performance of this classification has not yet been established. We conducted a retrospective study and a systematic search of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-Line. There were three retrospective single center studies about the diagnostic performance of this classification. In order to clarify this issue, we reviewed our study and three previous studies. This review revealed the diagnostic performance in regards to three important differentiations.(1) Neoplasia from non-neoplasia;(2) malignant neoplasia from benign neoplasia;and (3) deep submucosal invasive cancer (D-SMC) from other neoplasia. The sensitivity in differentiating neoplasia from non-neoplasia was 98.1%-99.8%. The specificity in differentiating malignant neoplasia from benign neoplasia was 84.7%-98.2% and the specificity in the differentiation D-SMC from other neoplasia was 99.8%-100.0%. This classification would enable endoscopists to identify almost all neoplasia, to appropriately determine whether to perform en bloc resection or not, and to avoid unnecessary surgery. This article is the first review about the diagnostic performance of the JNET classification. Previous reports about the diagnostic performance have all been retrospective single center studies. A large-scale prospective multicenter evaluation study is awaited for the validation.
文摘AIM:To compare the imaging results with histology and to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of imaging modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)smaller than 2 cm.METHODS:Nodules smaller than 2 cm(n=34)revealed by ultrasonography(US)in 29 patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed.Histological diagnosis of HCC was performed by ultrasonographic guidance:moderately-differentiated HCC(n=24);well-differentiated HCC(n=10).The patterns disclosed by the four imaging modalities defined the conclusive diagnosis of HCC:(1)contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT),hypervascularity in the arterial phase and washout in the equilibrium phase;(2)Sonazoid contrast-enhanced US(CEUS),hypervascularity in the early vascular phase and defect in the Kupffer phase;(3)gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(Gd-EOBDTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),hypervascularity in the arterial phase and/or defect in the hepatobiliary phase;and(4)CT arterioportal angiography:hypervascularity by CT during arteriography and/ or perfusion defect by CT during arterial portography.RESULTS:Overall,the sensitivity of diagnosing HCC smaller than 2 cm was 52.9%(18/34)(95%CI:35.170.2)by CECT;67.6%(23/34)(95%CI:49.5-82.6)by Sonazoid CEUS;76.5%(26/34)(95%CI:58.8-89.3) by Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI;and 88.2%(30/34)(95%CI: 72.5-96.7)by CT arterioportal angiography.The diagnostic sensitivity of detecting moderately-differentiated HCC by CECT,Sonazoid CEUS,Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI and CT arterioportal angiography was 62.5%(15/24)(95%CI: 40.6-81.2),79.2%(19/24)(95%CI:57.8-92.9),75.0% (18/24)(95%CI:53.3-90.2)and 95.8%(23/24)(95% CI:78.9-99.9),respectively.A significant difference(P< 0.05)was observed between CECT and CT arterioportal angiography in all nodules.There was no difference between Sonazoid CEUS,Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI,and CT arterioportal angiography.The combined sensitivity of Sonazoid CEUS and Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI was 94.1%(32/34).CONCLUSION:Changing the main diagnostic modality for HCC smaller than 2 cm from CT arterioportal angiography to Sonazoid CEUS and Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI is recommended.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFE0300405)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11575055, 11705052, 11875124, 11475058, and 11475056)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2017YFE0301201, 2018YFE0303102, 2018YFE0309103)the Chinese National Fusion Project for ITER (No.2015GB104000)
文摘A gas puff imaging(GPI) diagnostic has been developed and applied to measure edge plasma turbulence on the HL-2A tokamak.The principle and experimental setup of GPI are described.GPI is applied to investigate blobs in the edge and scrape-off layer.Statistical characterizations of GPI line emission intensity are calculated, including the probability density functions(PDFs),skewness, and kurtosis of the intensity, which are found to be consistent with measurements by Langmuir probes.Besides, the track of blob motions is recorded by time sequence of individual frames.The characteristics of the original images and the relatively high-frequency(>10 kHz)/low-frequency(1–10 kHz) component images are illustrated.The observation of the blob’s structures and high-speed motions proves the success and high performance of the GPI diagnostic.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFF0203002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11702051)+1 种基金China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2017M610176)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT16ZD214).
文摘Probability-based diagnostic imaging(PDI)is one of the most well-known damage identification methods using guided waves.It is usually applied to diagnose damage in plates.The previous studies were dependent on the certain damage index(DI)which is always calculated from the guided wave signals.In conventional methods,DI is simply defined by comparing the real-time data with the baseline data as reference.However,the baseline signal is easily affected by varying environmental conditions of structures.In this paper,a reference-free diagnostic imaging method is developed to avoid the influence of environmental factors,such as temperature and load conditions.The DI is defined based on the mode conversion of multi-mode guided waves with realtime signals without baseline signals.To improve the accuracy of diagnosis,two terms are included in the reference-free DI.One is called energy DI,which is defined based on the feature of signal energy.The other is called correlation DI and is defined based on the correlation coefficient.Then the PDI algorithm can be carried out instantaneously according to the reference-free DI.The real-time signals which are used to calculate DI are collected by the piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate(PZT)transducers placed on both sides of a plate.The numerical simulations by the finite element(FE)method on aluminum plates with PZT arrays are performed to validate the effectiveness of the reference-free damage diagnostic imaging.The approach is validated by two different arrays:a circle network and a square network.The results of diagnostic imaging are demonstrated and discussed in this paper.Furthermore,the advantage of reference-free DI is investigated by comparing the accuracy of defined reference-free DI and energy DI.
文摘Radiogenomic imaging refers to the correlation between cancer imaging features and gene expression and is one of the most promising areas within science and medicine. High-throughput biological techniques have reshaped the perspective of biomedical research allowing for fast and efficient assessment of the entire molecular topography of a cell's physiology providing new insights into human cancers. The use of non-invasive imaging tools for gene expression profiling of solid tumors could serve as a means for linking specific imaging features with specific gene expression patterns thereby allowing for more accurate diagnosis and prognosis and obviating the need for high-risk invasive biopsy procedures. This review focuses on the medical imaging part as one of the main drivers for the development of radiogenomic imaging.
文摘Imaging plays an increasingly important role in the work up of prostate cancer(PCa) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is generally accepted as the most accurate and promising imaging modality in the local staging of PCa due to its high spatial resolution and excellent soft tissue contrast. The quality and performance of MRI of the prostate has improved dramatically during the last decade. Mainly, the combination of morphological information and functional information on cell density, tissue perfusion or metabolism as provided in multi-parametric prostate MRI(mp MRI) has led to a substantial increase in lesion detection and characterization. The correlation between functional parameters as provided by MRI and the aggressiveness of PCa as determined by the Gleason Score may help in differentiating clinically signifi cant from indolent PCa non-invasively. Besides these pros, radiologists are confronted with an immense amount of information and standardized acquisition, interpretation and reporting of mp MRI is not yet a reality. Furthermore, prostate MRI availability is still limited to high volume centers in many countries; hence, it is not yet a routine tool in common daily practice. Hence, development of guidelines for standardized acquisition, interpretation andreporting of prostate MRI exams is urgently needed in order to provide useful information for treating clinicians. Preferably, multi-centric clinical studies comparing MRI fi ndings to step-section histological specimens are mandatory during the coming years. Furthermore, simplification of the acquisition must be achieved in order to make this imaging modality applicable for daily use in common uro-radiological practice.
文摘The role of radiology and the radiologist have evolved throughout the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Early on,chest computed tomography was used for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19;however,it is now indicated for high-risk patients,those with severe disease,or in areas where polymerase chain reaction testing is sparsely available.Chest radiography is now utilized mainly for monitoring disease progression in hospitalized patients showing signs of worsening clinical status.Additionally,many challenges at the operational level have been overcome within the field of radiology throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.The use of teleradiology and virtual care clinics greatly enhanced our ability to socially distance and both are likely to remain important mediums for diagnostic imaging delivery and patient care.Opportunities to better utilize of imaging for detection of extrapulmonary manifestations and complications of COVID-19 disease will continue to arise as a more detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of the virus continues to be uncovered and identification of predisposing risk factors for complication development continue to be better understood.Furthermore,unidentified advancements in areas such as standardized imaging reporting,point-of-care ultrasound,and artificial intelligence offer exciting discovery pathways that will inevitably lead to improved care for patients with COVID-19.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)–dynamic contrast imaging(dynamic contrast-enhanced[DCE]-MRI)combined with diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)in detecting breast cancer.Research Methodology:A retrospective study was performed to compare the results of DCE-MRI combined with DWI in 78 patients with breast cancer who were treated in our hospital between January 20 and December 2018.Results:After diagnosis,the coincidence rate of diagnosis by DCEMRI combined with DWI was significantly higher than ultrasound(91.0%vs.55.1%,respectively,P<0.05).Among the two diagnostic methods,DCE-MRI combined with DWI imaging showed more obvious tumor signals,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pre-operative application of DCE-MRI combined with DWI can provide a more accurate and effective reference for surgical planning.
文摘1 BackgroundIt is well known that the radiology diagnostic report as the essential component of the patient′s permanent health record,which radiography is an indispensable diagnostic tool.Our duties are observe the imaging carefully and write a
文摘Objective:To compare and analyze the clinical diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI for primary liver cancer(PLC),and to summarize the imaging findings.Methods:The research subjects in this article were 50 patients with PLC who were admitted to our hospital from 2017 April to 2018 September.After the patients were admitted,they were examined by multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI scanning,and the pathological diagnosis results were followed up.Relevant information was reviewed and analyzed.Results:The detection rate of multi-slice spiral CT was higher than that of MRI in the portal venous phase lesion detection.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rate of lesions in the arterial phase and delayed phase was not statistically significant(P>0.05);the diagnostic accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT was 85.96%,and the diagnostic accuracy of enhanced MRI scanning was 91.11%,which was not statistically significant(P>0.05).MRI scans showed the capsules of primary liver cancer better than CT,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,both multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI can be used for the effective diagnosis of primary liver cancer intrahepatic lesions.The diagnostic value of the two is equivalent,but enhanced MRI has a slightly higher diagnostic accuracy and can be used as the preferred method.
文摘Pancreatic transplantation is considered by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes an acceptable surgical procedure in patients with type 1 diabetes also undergoing kidney transplantation in pre-final or end-stage renal disease if no contraindications are present.Pancreatic transplantation,however,is a complex surgical procedure and may lead to a range of postoperative complications that can significantly impact graft function and patient outcomes.Postoperative computed tomography(CT)is often adopted to evaluate perfusion of the transplanted pancreas,identify complications and as a guide for interventional radiology procedures.CT assessment after pancreatic transplantation should start with the evaluation of the arterial Y-graft,the venous anastomosis and the duodenojejunostomy.With regard to complications,CT allows for the identification of vascular complications,such as thrombosis or stenosis of blood vessels supplying the graft,the detection of pancreatic fluid collections,including pseudocysts,abscesses,or leaks,the assessment of bowel complications(anastomotic leaks,ileus or obstruction),and the identification of bleeding.The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate CT findings of surgical-related complications after pancreatic transplantation.The knowledge of surgical techniques is of key importance to understand postoperative anatomic changes and imaging evaluation.Therefore,we first provide a short summary of the main techniques of pancreatic transplantation.Then,we provide a practical imaging approach to pancreatic transplantation and its complications providing tips and tricks for the prompt imaging diagnosis on CT.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00208427)a Korea University Grant.This work was also supported by National Cancer Institute(NCI)grant(No.R01CA218659)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering(NIBIB)grant(No.R01EB026207)。
文摘Ferroptosis offers a novel method for overcoming therapeutic resistance of cancers to conventional cancer treatment regimens.Its effective use as a cancer therapy requires a precisely targeted approach,which can be facilitated by using nanoparticles and nanomedicine,and their use to enhance ferroptosis is indeed a growing area of research.While a few review papers have been published on iron-dependent mechanism and inducers of ferroptosis cancer therapy that partly covers ferroptosis nanoparticles,there is a need for a comprehensive review focusing on the design of magnetic nanoparticles that can typically supply iron ions to promote ferroptosis and simultaneously enable targeted ferroptosis cancer nanomedicine.Furthermore,magnetic nanoparticles can locally induce ferroptosis and combinational ferroptosis with diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The use of remotely controllable magnetic nanocarriers can offer highly effective localized image-guided ferroptosis cancer nanomedicine.Here,recent developments in magnetically manipulable nanocarriers for ferroptosis cancer nanomedicine with medical imaging are summarized.This review also highlights the advantages of current state-of-the-art image-guided ferroptosis cancer nanomedicine.Finally,image guided combinational ferroptosis cancer therapy with conventional apoptosis-based therapy that enables synergistic tumor therapy is discussed for clinical translations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81571784the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,No.2022JJ70142the Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province,2020SK4001.
文摘Liver disease is a major health concern globally,with high morbidity and mortality rates.Precise diagnosis and assessment are vital for guiding treatment approaches,predicting outcomes,and improving patient prognosis.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that has been widely used for detecting liver disease.Recent advancements in MRI technology,such as diffusion weighted imaging,intravoxel incoherent motion,magnetic resonance elastography,chemical exchange saturation transfer,magnetic resonance spectroscopy,hyperpolarized MR,contrast-enhanced MRI,and radiomics,have significantly improved the accuracy and effectiveness of liver disease diagnosis.This review aims to discuss the progress in new MRI technologies for liver diagnosis.By summarizing current research findings,we aim to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers and clinicians to optimize the use of MRI in liver disease diagnosis and improve patient prognosis.
