Wireless information and power transfer(WIPT) enables simultaneously communications and sustainable power supplement without the erection of power supply lines and the replacement operation of the batteries for the te...Wireless information and power transfer(WIPT) enables simultaneously communications and sustainable power supplement without the erection of power supply lines and the replacement operation of the batteries for the terminals. The application of WIPT to the underwater acoustic sensor networks(UWASNs) not only retains the long range communication capabilities, but also provides an auxiliary and convenient energy supplement way for the terminal sensors, and thus is a promising scheme to solve the energy-limited problem for the UWASNs. In this paper, we propose the integration of WIPT into the UWASNs and provide an overview on various enabling techniques for the WIPT based UWASNs(WIPT-UWASNs) as well as pointing out future research challenges and opportunities for WIPT-UWASNs.展开更多
Zeroing neurodynamics methodology,which dedicates to finding equilibrium points of equations,has been proven to be a powerful tool in the online solving of problems with considerable complexity.In this paper,a method ...Zeroing neurodynamics methodology,which dedicates to finding equilibrium points of equations,has been proven to be a powerful tool in the online solving of problems with considerable complexity.In this paper,a method for underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN)localisation is proposed based on zeroing neurodynamics methodology to preferably locate moving underwater nodes.A zeroing neurodynamics model specifically designed for UASN localisation is constructed with rigorous theoretical analyses of its effectiveness.The proposed zeroing neurodynamics model is compatible with some localisation algorithms,which can be utilised to eliminate error in non‐ideal situations,thus further improving its effectiveness.Finally,the effectiveness and compatibility of the proposed zeroing neurodynamics model are substantiated by examples and computer simulations.展开更多
The distributed acoustic sensor(DAS)uses a single optical cable as the sensing unit,which can capture the acoustic and vibration signals along the optical cable in real-time.So it is suitable for monitoring downhole p...The distributed acoustic sensor(DAS)uses a single optical cable as the sensing unit,which can capture the acoustic and vibration signals along the optical cable in real-time.So it is suitable for monitoring downhole production activities in the process of oil and gas development.The authors applied the DAS system in a gas production well in the South China Sea for in situ monitoring of the whole wellbore for the first time and obtained the distributed acoustic signals along the whole wellbore.These signals can clearly distinguish the vertical section,curve section,and horizontal production section.The collected acoustic signal with the frequency of approximately 50 Hz caused by the electric submersible pump exhibit a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 27 dB.By analyzing the acoustic signals in the production section,it can be located the layers with high gas production rates.Once an accurate physical model is built in the future,the gas production profile will be obtained.In addition,the DAS system can track the trajectory of downhole tools in the wellbore to guide the operation.Through the velocity analysis of the typical signals,the type of fluids in the wellbore can be distinguished.The successful application of the system provides a promising whole wellbore acoustic monitoring tool for the production of marine gas hydrate,with a good application prospect.展开更多
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network(UASN) has attracted significant attention because of its great influence on ocean exploration and monitoring. On account of the unique characteristics of underwater environment, loca...Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network(UASN) has attracted significant attention because of its great influence on ocean exploration and monitoring. On account of the unique characteristics of underwater environment, localization, as one of the fundamental tasks in UASNs, is a more challenging work than in terrestrial sensor networks. A survey of the ranging algorithms and the network architectures varied with different applications in UASNs is provided in this paper. Algorithms used to estimate the coordinates of the UASNs nodes are classified into two categories: rangebased and range-free. In addition, we analyze the architectures of UASNs based on different applications, and compare their performances from the aspects of communication cost, accuracy, coverage and so on. Open research issues which would affect the accuracy of localization are also discussed, including MAC protocols, sound speed and time synchronization.展开更多
With the increasing demand for marine exploration, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are prone to have the characteristics of large-scale, long term monitoring, and high data traffic load. Underwater media a...With the increasing demand for marine exploration, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are prone to have the characteristics of large-scale, long term monitoring, and high data traffic load. Underwater media access control (MAC) protocols, which allow multiple users to share the common medium fairly and efficiently, are essential for the performance of UASNs. However, the design of MAC protocols is confronted with the challenges of spatial unfairness, data eruption, and low energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel data concurrent transmission (DCT) MAC protocol, which is able to exploit long propagation delay and conduct concurrent transmission. Specifically, we present the theoretical performance analysis of the proposed MAC protocol in detail and give an analytical solution of the success concurrent transmission probability between nodes. In addition, simulation results are provided to demonstrate that our proposed protocol is appropriate for UASNs and can significantly improve the performance in terms of network throughput and energy consumption. Finally, we give some typical future applications of UASNs and discuss the demands on MAC protocol design.展开更多
This paper considers an underwater acoustic sensor network with one mobile surface node to collect data from multiple underwater nodes,where the mobile destination requests retransmission from each underwater node ind...This paper considers an underwater acoustic sensor network with one mobile surface node to collect data from multiple underwater nodes,where the mobile destination requests retransmission from each underwater node individually employing traditional automatic-repeat-request(ARQ) protocol.We propose a practical node cooperation(NC) protocol to enhance the collection efficiency,utilizing the fact that underwater nodes can overhear the transmission of others.To reduce the source level of underwater nodes,the underwater data collection area is divided into several sub-zones,and in each sub-zone,the mobile surface node adopting the NC protocol could switch adaptively between selective relay cooperation(SRC) and dynamic network coded cooperation(DNC) .The difference of SRC and DNC lies in whether or not the selected relay node combines the local data and the data overheard from undecoded node(s) to form network coded packets in the retransmission phase.The NC protocol could also be applied across the sub-zones due to the wiretap property.In addition,we investigate the effects of different mobile collection paths,collection area division and cooperative zone design for energy saving.The numerical results showthat the proposed NC protocol can effectively save energy compared with the traditional ARQ scheme.展开更多
Cooperative jamming(CJ)is one of the important methods to solve security problems of underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs).In this paper,we propose a Cooperative Jamming Scheme based on Node Authentication for UA...Cooperative jamming(CJ)is one of the important methods to solve security problems of underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs).In this paper,we propose a Cooperative Jamming Scheme based on Node Authentication for UASNs to improve the effect of CJ by selecting suitable jamming source for found illegal nodes.In the node authentication,all nodes will be identified by their trust value(TV).TV is calculated according to three types of evidence:channel-based trust evidence,behavior-based trust evidence and energy-based trust evidence.Besides,to deal with cases where legal nodes may be suspected,the historical TV and trust redemption will be considered when calculating TV.In cooperative jamming,according to the link quality,several nodes are selected to jam illegal nodes.Both simulation and field experiment show that the proposed scheme can accurately find the illegal nodes in the time-vary channel and improve the security of the network.展开更多
In this paper, an indoor environmental monitoring solution is proposed for the transformer sub- station system by using the ZigBee technology. It mainly analyzes the principle of sulfur hexafluoride sensor based on th...In this paper, an indoor environmental monitoring solution is proposed for the transformer sub- station system by using the ZigBee technology. It mainly analyzes the principle of sulfur hexafluoride sensor based on the acoustic method and puts forward a difference data processing method of single- channel and temperature compensation point at power consumption issues for sensor detection. The method not only reduces the sensor power consumption, but also ensures the accuracy and extends the lifetime of wireless sensor nodes effectively. This paper also analyzes the design of the base sta- tion mode, and demonstrates the running processes of routers and sensors. The feasibility of the pro- posed approach has been testified and proved.展开更多
Auditory systems are the most efficient and direct strategy for communication between human beings and robots.In this domain,flexible acoustic sensors with magnetic,electric,mechanical,and optic foundations have attra...Auditory systems are the most efficient and direct strategy for communication between human beings and robots.In this domain,flexible acoustic sensors with magnetic,electric,mechanical,and optic foundations have attracted significant attention as key parts of future voice user interfaces(VUIs)for intuitive human–machine interaction.This study investigated a novel machine learning-based voice recognition platform using an MXene/MoS_(2) flexible vibration sensor(FVS)with high sensitivity for acoustic recognition.The performance of the MXene/MoS_(2) FVS was systematically investigated both theoretically and experimentally,and the MXene/MoS_(2) FVS exhibited high sensitivity(25.8 mV/dB).An MXene/MoS_(2) FVS with a broadband response of 40–3,000 Hz was developed by designing a periodically ordered architecture featuring systematic optimization.This study also investigated a machine learning-based speaker recognition process,for which a machine-learning-based artificial neural network was designed and trained.The developed neural network achieved high speaker recognition accuracy(99.1%).展开更多
Acoustic sensing is nowadays a very demanding field which plays an important role in modern society, with applications spanning from structural health monitoring to medical imaging. Fiber-optics can bring many advanta...Acoustic sensing is nowadays a very demanding field which plays an important role in modern society, with applications spanning from structural health monitoring to medical imaging. Fiber-optics can bring many advantages to this field, and fiber-optic acoustic sensors show already performance levels capable of competing with the standard sensors based on piezoelectric transducers. This review presents the recent advances in the field of fiber-optic dynamic strain sensing, particularly for acoustic detection. Three dominant technologies are identified - fiber Bragg gratings, interferometric Mach-Zehnder, and Fabry-Perot configurations - and their recent developments are summarized.展开更多
A distributed optical fiber acoustic sensor based on in-line Sagnac is presented.After clockwise and counterclockwise light waves are recombined,interference in3X3coupler is produced.The acoustic sensor uses photo det...A distributed optical fiber acoustic sensor based on in-line Sagnac is presented.After clockwise and counterclockwise light waves are recombined,interference in3X3coupler is produced.The acoustic sensor uses photo detector(PD),data acquisition card,filter and amplification to realize photo electric conversion and recover acoustic signal.To study the performance of this acoustic sensor,localization principle based on null frequency is analyzed.To reveal null frequencies from the acoustic disturbance position,a fast Fourier transform(F F T)is applied to transform time domain signal data into frequency domain signal.The results demonstrate that the Sagnac distributed optical fiber sensor can retransmit acoustic signal and the location performance is verified by simulation and experiment.展开更多
This paper reports an application of an optical fiber sensor in a continuous and in situ failure testing of an E-glass/vinylester top hat stiffener （THS）. The sensor head was constructed from a compact phase-shifted...This paper reports an application of an optical fiber sensor in a continuous and in situ failure testing of an E-glass/vinylester top hat stiffener （THS）. The sensor head was constructed from a compact phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating （PS-FBG）. The narrow transmission channel of the PS-FBG is highly sensitive to small perturbation, hence suitable to be used in acoustic emission （AE） assessment technique. The progressive failure of THS was tested under transverse loading to experimentally simulate the actual loading in practice. Our experimental tests have demonstrated, in good agreement with the commercial piezoelectric sensors, that the important failures information of the THS was successfully recorded by the simple intensity-type PS-FBG sensor.展开更多
Acoustic signals travels rapidly in water without attenuating fish telemetry.The digital sonar and passive acoustic has been used for fish monitoring and fish feeding.However,it is an urgent need to introduce new tech...Acoustic signals travels rapidly in water without attenuating fish telemetry.The digital sonar and passive acoustic has been used for fish monitoring and fish feeding.However,it is an urgent need to introduce new techniques in order to monitor the growth rate of fish during harvesting and without causing adverse effects to the harvested fish.Therefore,a novel technique was introduced to probe the acoustic signal frequency ratio in absence and presence of the fish in tanks,which basically uses an acoustic sensor(hydrophone),acoustic signal processing system(scope meter),and a signal monitoring system(fluke view).Acoustic signals were selected from 48-52 Hz frequency,measure of dispersion of frequency signal represented as a function of time via Xlstat software.Measure of dispersion displayed a significant effect of acoustic signal in the presence and absence of the fish in tanks.These optimised protocols of this study will help to control and prevent excessive wastage of feed and enhance proper utilization of feed that chiefly enhance fish growth in aquaculture.展开更多
A n-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating theoretical model is established, and the effects of an asymmetric and symmetrical perturbation field on a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating are investigated in this paper. The tr...A n-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating theoretical model is established, and the effects of an asymmetric and symmetrical perturbation field on a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating are investigated in this paper. The trends of wavelength shifting caused by effective refraction index of phase shift grating in symmetric and asymmetric acoustic field are investigated in detail. Then, the fiber laser acoustic sensors packaged in asymmetric and symmetrical structures are designed and tested, respectively. The results show that the acoustic response of the wavelength of the distributed feedback （DFB） fiber laser （FL） in an asymmetric packaging structure is much more sensitive than in that in the symmetrical structure. The sensor packaged in the asymmetrical structure has a better low frequency （0Hz-500Hz） performance and a higher sensitivity than that in the symmetrical structure, and the sensitivity is improved about 15dB in average and 32.7dB in maximum. It provides a new method to improve the sensitivity of the fiber acoustic sensor.展开更多
Due to the characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel, such as long propagation delay and low available bandwidth, the media access control (MAC) protocol designed for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWAS...Due to the characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel, such as long propagation delay and low available bandwidth, the media access control (MAC) protocol designed for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) is quite different from that for terrestrial wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol for the UWASNs, named the funneling MAC (FMAC-U), which is a contention-based MAC protocol with a three-way handshake. The FMAC-U protocol uses an improved three-way handshake mechanism and code division multiple access (CDMA) based technology for request-to-send (RTS) signals transmitting to the sink in order that the sink can receive packets from multiple neighbors in a fixed order during each round of handshakes. The mechanism reduces the packet collisions and alleviates the funneling effect, especially alleviating the choke point of the UWASNs. Simulation results show that the proposed FMAC-U protocol achieves higher throughput, smaller packet drop ratio, lower end-to-end delay, and lower overhead of the control packet compared to the existing MAC protocols for UWASNs.展开更多
Passive acoustic monitoring has the potential to be a useful tool for population estimation of sound-producing fish and mammals(mostly whales).Previous work on population estimates of callers employed a simple cross-c...Passive acoustic monitoring has the potential to be a useful tool for population estimation of sound-producing fish and mammals(mostly whales).Previous work on population estimates of callers employed a simple cross-correlation technique with recordings from two acoustic sensors,and the current work extends the technique to two configurations of a 3-acoustic sensors array using two different sounds,i.e.,chirps which is commonly generated by damselfish(Dascyllus aruanus),humpback whales(Megaptera novaeangliae),dugongs(Dugong dugon)etc.,species,and grunts which is commonly generated by Japanese gurnard(Chelidonichthys kumu),Grey gurnard(Eutrigla gurnardus),gulf toadfish(O.beta),etc.,species.We compared simulated results from this technique with values determined by theoretical approach.We have found that an increasing number of cross-correlation function(CCF)provide better results using this technique.However,the technique has some limitations including negligence of multipath interference,assuming the delays to be integer.展开更多
Distributed underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs)are envisioned in real-time ocean current velocity estimation.However,UASNs at present are still dominated by post-processing partially due to the complexity of on...Distributed underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs)are envisioned in real-time ocean current velocity estimation.However,UASNs at present are still dominated by post-processing partially due to the complexity of on-line detection for travel times and lack of dedicated medium access control(MAC)protocols.In this study,we propose a dedicated MAC protocol package for real-time ocean current velocity estimation using distributed UASNs.First,we introduce the process and requirements of ocean current velocity estimation.Then,we present a series of spatial reuse time division multiple access(TDMA)protocols for each phase of real-time ocean current field estimation using distributed UASNs,followed by numerical analysis.We divide UASNs into two categories according to their computing ability:feature-complete and feature-incomplete systems.The feature-complete systems that have abundant computing ability carry out the presented MAC protocol package in three phases,whereas the feature-incomplete ones do not have enough computing ability and the presented MAC protocol package is reduced to two phases plus an additional downloading phase.Numerical analysis shows that feature-complete systems using mini-slot TDMA have the best real-time performance,in comparison with feature-incomplete systems and other feature-complete counterparts.Feature-incomplete systems are more energy-saving than feature-complete ones,owing to the absence of in-network data exchange.展开更多
Acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge detection is widely used in power equipment inspection with the advantages of non-contact and precise positioning compared with partial discharge detection methods su...Acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge detection is widely used in power equipment inspection with the advantages of non-contact and precise positioning compared with partial discharge detection methods such as ultrasonic method and pulse current method.However,due to the sensitivity of the acoustic array sensor and the influence of the equipment operation site interference,the acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge type diagnosis by phase resolved partial discharge(PRPD)map might occasionally presents incorrect results,thus affecting the power equipment operation and maintenance strategy.The acoustic array sensor detection device for power equipment developed in this paper applies the array design model of equal-area multi-arm spiral with machine learning fast fourier transform clean(FFT-CLEAN)sound source localization identification algorithm to avoid the interference factors in the noise acquisition system using a single microphone and conventional beam forming algorithm,improves the spatial resolution of the acoustic array sensor device,and proposes an acoustic array sensor device based on the acoustic spectrogram.The analysis and diagnosis method of discharge type of acoustic array sensor device can effectively reduce the system misjudgment caused by factors such as the resolution of the acoustic imaging device and the time domain pulse of the digital signal,and reduce the false alarm rate of the acoustic array sensor device.The proposed method is tested by selecting power cables as the object,and its effectiveness is proved by laboratory verification and field verification.展开更多
Acoustic vector sensor consists of pressure and particle velocity sensors,which measure the three-dimensional acoustic particle velocity,as well as the pressure at one location at the same time.By preserving the ampli...Acoustic vector sensor consists of pressure and particle velocity sensors,which measure the three-dimensional acoustic particle velocity,as well as the pressure at one location at the same time.By preserving the amplitude and phase information of the pressure and particle velocity,they possess a number of advantages over traditional scalar sensors.Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain (which is often called array gain) is one of such advantages and is always interested by all of us.But it is not unchangeable if the spatial correlation of the noise field varies.Much more important,it is difficult to be given if the noise becomes complex.In this paper,spatial correlation of the vector field of isotropic volume-noise and surface-generated noise has been introduced briefly.Based on the results,the combined SNR output of a vector linear array is investigated and the maximum gain is given in the specified noise.Computer simulation shows that the output of one array in the same noise is not the same in different gestures.And then we find the best gesture through SNR calculation and obtain the biggest gain,which has important meaning to guide how to deploy an array in practice.We also should use the array with respect to the characteristics of the real ambient noise,especially in anisotropic noise field.展开更多
An acoustic vector sensor can measure the components of particle velocity and the acoustic pressure at the same point simultaneously, which provides a larger array gain against the ambient noise and a higher angular r...An acoustic vector sensor can measure the components of particle velocity and the acoustic pressure at the same point simultaneously, which provides a larger array gain against the ambient noise and a higher angular resolution than the omnidirectional pressure sensor. This paper presents an experimental study of array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array in a practical environment. First, the manifold vector is calculated using the real measured data so that the effects of array mismatches can be minimized. Second, an optimal beamformer with a specific spatial response on the basis of the stable directivity of the ambient noise is designed, which can effectively suppress the ambient noise. Experimental results show that this beamformer for the conformal acoustic vector sensor array provides good signal-to- noise ratio enhancement and is more advantageous than the delay-and-sum and minimum variance distortionless response beamformers.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62171187the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2022A1515011476+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou under Grant 201904010373the Key Program of Marine Economy Development (Six Marine Industries) Special Foundation of Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province (GDNRC [2020]009)。
文摘Wireless information and power transfer(WIPT) enables simultaneously communications and sustainable power supplement without the erection of power supply lines and the replacement operation of the batteries for the terminals. The application of WIPT to the underwater acoustic sensor networks(UWASNs) not only retains the long range communication capabilities, but also provides an auxiliary and convenient energy supplement way for the terminal sensors, and thus is a promising scheme to solve the energy-limited problem for the UWASNs. In this paper, we propose the integration of WIPT into the UWASNs and provide an overview on various enabling techniques for the WIPT based UWASNs(WIPT-UWASNs) as well as pointing out future research challenges and opportunities for WIPT-UWASNs.
基金supported in part by the Key Laboratory of IoT of Qinghai under Grant 2022‐ZJ‐Y21in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61962052.
文摘Zeroing neurodynamics methodology,which dedicates to finding equilibrium points of equations,has been proven to be a powerful tool in the online solving of problems with considerable complexity.In this paper,a method for underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN)localisation is proposed based on zeroing neurodynamics methodology to preferably locate moving underwater nodes.A zeroing neurodynamics model specifically designed for UASN localisation is constructed with rigorous theoretical analyses of its effectiveness.The proposed zeroing neurodynamics model is compatible with some localisation algorithms,which can be utilised to eliminate error in non‐ideal situations,thus further improving its effectiveness.Finally,the effectiveness and compatibility of the proposed zeroing neurodynamics model are substantiated by examples and computer simulations.
基金jointly supported by the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (202103040003)the offshore NGHs production test projects under the Marine Geological Survey Program initiated by the China Geological Survey (DD20190226, DD20190218 and DD20221706)+2 种基金the Key Program of Marine Economy Development Special Foundation of Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province (GDNRC [2020] 045)the financial support from China Geological Survey (DD20221703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (6210030553)。
文摘The distributed acoustic sensor(DAS)uses a single optical cable as the sensing unit,which can capture the acoustic and vibration signals along the optical cable in real-time.So it is suitable for monitoring downhole production activities in the process of oil and gas development.The authors applied the DAS system in a gas production well in the South China Sea for in situ monitoring of the whole wellbore for the first time and obtained the distributed acoustic signals along the whole wellbore.These signals can clearly distinguish the vertical section,curve section,and horizontal production section.The collected acoustic signal with the frequency of approximately 50 Hz caused by the electric submersible pump exhibit a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 27 dB.By analyzing the acoustic signals in the production section,it can be located the layers with high gas production rates.Once an accurate physical model is built in the future,the gas production profile will be obtained.In addition,the DAS system can track the trajectory of downhole tools in the wellbore to guide the operation.Through the velocity analysis of the typical signals,the type of fluids in the wellbore can be distinguished.The successful application of the system provides a promising whole wellbore acoustic monitoring tool for the production of marine gas hydrate,with a good application prospect.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61001067,61371093and 61172105Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Prov.China under Grants LY13D060001
文摘Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network(UASN) has attracted significant attention because of its great influence on ocean exploration and monitoring. On account of the unique characteristics of underwater environment, localization, as one of the fundamental tasks in UASNs, is a more challenging work than in terrestrial sensor networks. A survey of the ranging algorithms and the network architectures varied with different applications in UASNs is provided in this paper. Algorithms used to estimate the coordinates of the UASNs nodes are classified into two categories: rangebased and range-free. In addition, we analyze the architectures of UASNs based on different applications, and compare their performances from the aspects of communication cost, accuracy, coverage and so on. Open research issues which would affect the accuracy of localization are also discussed, including MAC protocols, sound speed and time synchronization.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62171405in part by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars under Grant 62225114
文摘With the increasing demand for marine exploration, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are prone to have the characteristics of large-scale, long term monitoring, and high data traffic load. Underwater media access control (MAC) protocols, which allow multiple users to share the common medium fairly and efficiently, are essential for the performance of UASNs. However, the design of MAC protocols is confronted with the challenges of spatial unfairness, data eruption, and low energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel data concurrent transmission (DCT) MAC protocol, which is able to exploit long propagation delay and conduct concurrent transmission. Specifically, we present the theoretical performance analysis of the proposed MAC protocol in detail and give an analytical solution of the success concurrent transmission probability between nodes. In addition, simulation results are provided to demonstrate that our proposed protocol is appropriate for UASNs and can significantly improve the performance in terms of network throughput and energy consumption. Finally, we give some typical future applications of UASNs and discuss the demands on MAC protocol design.
基金supported in part by National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grants No.2016YFC1400200 and 2016YFC1400204National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.41476026,41676024 and 41376040Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under Grant No.220720140506
文摘This paper considers an underwater acoustic sensor network with one mobile surface node to collect data from multiple underwater nodes,where the mobile destination requests retransmission from each underwater node individually employing traditional automatic-repeat-request(ARQ) protocol.We propose a practical node cooperation(NC) protocol to enhance the collection efficiency,utilizing the fact that underwater nodes can overhear the transmission of others.To reduce the source level of underwater nodes,the underwater data collection area is divided into several sub-zones,and in each sub-zone,the mobile surface node adopting the NC protocol could switch adaptively between selective relay cooperation(SRC) and dynamic network coded cooperation(DNC) .The difference of SRC and DNC lies in whether or not the selected relay node combines the local data and the data overheard from undecoded node(s) to form network coded packets in the retransmission phase.The NC protocol could also be applied across the sub-zones due to the wiretap property.In addition,we investigate the effects of different mobile collection paths,collection area division and cooperative zone design for energy saving.The numerical results showthat the proposed NC protocol can effectively save energy compared with the traditional ARQ scheme.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62171310the Marine Defense Innovation Fund JJ-2020-701-09Lanzhou Jiaotong University-Tianjin University Co-Funding under Grant No.2022064。
文摘Cooperative jamming(CJ)is one of the important methods to solve security problems of underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs).In this paper,we propose a Cooperative Jamming Scheme based on Node Authentication for UASNs to improve the effect of CJ by selecting suitable jamming source for found illegal nodes.In the node authentication,all nodes will be identified by their trust value(TV).TV is calculated according to three types of evidence:channel-based trust evidence,behavior-based trust evidence and energy-based trust evidence.Besides,to deal with cases where legal nodes may be suspected,the historical TV and trust redemption will be considered when calculating TV.In cooperative jamming,according to the link quality,several nodes are selected to jam illegal nodes.Both simulation and field experiment show that the proposed scheme can accurately find the illegal nodes in the time-vary channel and improve the security of the network.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 10974044）, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Hohai University （No. 2009B31514） and the 2009 Jiangsu Province Graduate Education Reform and Practical Project （No. 2009-22）.
文摘In this paper, an indoor environmental monitoring solution is proposed for the transformer sub- station system by using the ZigBee technology. It mainly analyzes the principle of sulfur hexafluoride sensor based on the acoustic method and puts forward a difference data processing method of single- channel and temperature compensation point at power consumption issues for sensor detection. The method not only reduces the sensor power consumption, but also ensures the accuracy and extends the lifetime of wireless sensor nodes effectively. This paper also analyzes the design of the base sta- tion mode, and demonstrates the running processes of routers and sensors. The feasibility of the pro- posed approach has been testified and proved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51972025,61888102,and 62174152)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)(No.2018QNRC001)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA16021100)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province(No.20210101168JC).
文摘Auditory systems are the most efficient and direct strategy for communication between human beings and robots.In this domain,flexible acoustic sensors with magnetic,electric,mechanical,and optic foundations have attracted significant attention as key parts of future voice user interfaces(VUIs)for intuitive human–machine interaction.This study investigated a novel machine learning-based voice recognition platform using an MXene/MoS_(2) flexible vibration sensor(FVS)with high sensitivity for acoustic recognition.The performance of the MXene/MoS_(2) FVS was systematically investigated both theoretically and experimentally,and the MXene/MoS_(2) FVS exhibited high sensitivity(25.8 mV/dB).An MXene/MoS_(2) FVS with a broadband response of 40–3,000 Hz was developed by designing a periodically ordered architecture featuring systematic optimization.This study also investigated a machine learning-based speaker recognition process,for which a machine-learning-based artificial neural network was designed and trained.The developed neural network achieved high speaker recognition accuracy(99.1%).
文摘Acoustic sensing is nowadays a very demanding field which plays an important role in modern society, with applications spanning from structural health monitoring to medical imaging. Fiber-optics can bring many advantages to this field, and fiber-optic acoustic sensors show already performance levels capable of competing with the standard sensors based on piezoelectric transducers. This review presents the recent advances in the field of fiber-optic dynamic strain sensing, particularly for acoustic detection. Three dominant technologies are identified - fiber Bragg gratings, interferometric Mach-Zehnder, and Fabry-Perot configurations - and their recent developments are summarized.
基金Key Science and Technology Research Project based on Coal of Shanxi Province(No.MQ2014-09)Coal-Bed Methane Joint Research Fund of Shanxi Province(No.2016012011)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2016-035)
文摘A distributed optical fiber acoustic sensor based on in-line Sagnac is presented.After clockwise and counterclockwise light waves are recombined,interference in3X3coupler is produced.The acoustic sensor uses photo detector(PD),data acquisition card,filter and amplification to realize photo electric conversion and recover acoustic signal.To study the performance of this acoustic sensor,localization principle based on null frequency is analyzed.To reveal null frequencies from the acoustic disturbance position,a fast Fourier transform(F F T)is applied to transform time domain signal data into frequency domain signal.The results demonstrate that the Sagnac distributed optical fiber sensor can retransmit acoustic signal and the location performance is verified by simulation and experiment.
文摘This paper reports an application of an optical fiber sensor in a continuous and in situ failure testing of an E-glass/vinylester top hat stiffener （THS）. The sensor head was constructed from a compact phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating （PS-FBG）. The narrow transmission channel of the PS-FBG is highly sensitive to small perturbation, hence suitable to be used in acoustic emission （AE） assessment technique. The progressive failure of THS was tested under transverse loading to experimentally simulate the actual loading in practice. Our experimental tests have demonstrated, in good agreement with the commercial piezoelectric sensors, that the important failures information of the THS was successfully recorded by the simple intensity-type PS-FBG sensor.
基金We acknowledge that this work was financially supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Guangzhou City(Project No.201807010111)the Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province of China(Project No.2017B090903007)Innovative Research Team of Guangdong Province Agriculture Research System(2017LM2153)for funding this research.
文摘Acoustic signals travels rapidly in water without attenuating fish telemetry.The digital sonar and passive acoustic has been used for fish monitoring and fish feeding.However,it is an urgent need to introduce new techniques in order to monitor the growth rate of fish during harvesting and without causing adverse effects to the harvested fish.Therefore,a novel technique was introduced to probe the acoustic signal frequency ratio in absence and presence of the fish in tanks,which basically uses an acoustic sensor(hydrophone),acoustic signal processing system(scope meter),and a signal monitoring system(fluke view).Acoustic signals were selected from 48-52 Hz frequency,measure of dispersion of frequency signal represented as a function of time via Xlstat software.Measure of dispersion displayed a significant effect of acoustic signal in the presence and absence of the fish in tanks.These optimised protocols of this study will help to control and prevent excessive wastage of feed and enhance proper utilization of feed that chiefly enhance fish growth in aquaculture.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China （Grant No. ZR2016FB03）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 61705121＆ No.21603122）, and the Ph.D. Foundation of Shandong Jianzhu University （Grant No. XNBS1535）.
文摘A n-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating theoretical model is established, and the effects of an asymmetric and symmetrical perturbation field on a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating are investigated in this paper. The trends of wavelength shifting caused by effective refraction index of phase shift grating in symmetric and asymmetric acoustic field are investigated in detail. Then, the fiber laser acoustic sensors packaged in asymmetric and symmetrical structures are designed and tested, respectively. The results show that the acoustic response of the wavelength of the distributed feedback （DFB） fiber laser （FL） in an asymmetric packaging structure is much more sensitive than in that in the symmetrical structure. The sensor packaged in the asymmetrical structure has a better low frequency （0Hz-500Hz） performance and a higher sensitivity than that in the symmetrical structure, and the sensitivity is improved about 15dB in average and 32.7dB in maximum. It provides a new method to improve the sensitivity of the fiber acoustic sensor.
基金(No. 2009AA093601-3) supported by the National High-Tech R & D Program (863) of China
文摘Due to the characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel, such as long propagation delay and low available bandwidth, the media access control (MAC) protocol designed for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) is quite different from that for terrestrial wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol for the UWASNs, named the funneling MAC (FMAC-U), which is a contention-based MAC protocol with a three-way handshake. The FMAC-U protocol uses an improved three-way handshake mechanism and code division multiple access (CDMA) based technology for request-to-send (RTS) signals transmitting to the sink in order that the sink can receive packets from multiple neighbors in a fixed order during each round of handshakes. The mechanism reduces the packet collisions and alleviates the funneling effect, especially alleviating the choke point of the UWASNs. Simulation results show that the proposed FMAC-U protocol achieves higher throughput, smaller packet drop ratio, lower end-to-end delay, and lower overhead of the control packet compared to the existing MAC protocols for UWASNs.
文摘Passive acoustic monitoring has the potential to be a useful tool for population estimation of sound-producing fish and mammals(mostly whales).Previous work on population estimates of callers employed a simple cross-correlation technique with recordings from two acoustic sensors,and the current work extends the technique to two configurations of a 3-acoustic sensors array using two different sounds,i.e.,chirps which is commonly generated by damselfish(Dascyllus aruanus),humpback whales(Megaptera novaeangliae),dugongs(Dugong dugon)etc.,species,and grunts which is commonly generated by Japanese gurnard(Chelidonichthys kumu),Grey gurnard(Eutrigla gurnardus),gulf toadfish(O.beta),etc.,species.We compared simulated results from this technique with values determined by theoretical approach.We have found that an increasing number of cross-correlation function(CCF)provide better results using this technique.However,the technique has some limitations including negligence of multipath interference,assuming the delays to be integer.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61531017)the Science and Technology Bureau of Zhoushan(No.2018C41029)the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2018R52046 and LGG18F010005).
文摘Distributed underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs)are envisioned in real-time ocean current velocity estimation.However,UASNs at present are still dominated by post-processing partially due to the complexity of on-line detection for travel times and lack of dedicated medium access control(MAC)protocols.In this study,we propose a dedicated MAC protocol package for real-time ocean current velocity estimation using distributed UASNs.First,we introduce the process and requirements of ocean current velocity estimation.Then,we present a series of spatial reuse time division multiple access(TDMA)protocols for each phase of real-time ocean current field estimation using distributed UASNs,followed by numerical analysis.We divide UASNs into two categories according to their computing ability:feature-complete and feature-incomplete systems.The feature-complete systems that have abundant computing ability carry out the presented MAC protocol package in three phases,whereas the feature-incomplete ones do not have enough computing ability and the presented MAC protocol package is reduced to two phases plus an additional downloading phase.Numerical analysis shows that feature-complete systems using mini-slot TDMA have the best real-time performance,in comparison with feature-incomplete systems and other feature-complete counterparts.Feature-incomplete systems are more energy-saving than feature-complete ones,owing to the absence of in-network data exchange.
基金This work was supported by the science and technology project of State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company(No.52090020007F)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0902800).
文摘Acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge detection is widely used in power equipment inspection with the advantages of non-contact and precise positioning compared with partial discharge detection methods such as ultrasonic method and pulse current method.However,due to the sensitivity of the acoustic array sensor and the influence of the equipment operation site interference,the acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge type diagnosis by phase resolved partial discharge(PRPD)map might occasionally presents incorrect results,thus affecting the power equipment operation and maintenance strategy.The acoustic array sensor detection device for power equipment developed in this paper applies the array design model of equal-area multi-arm spiral with machine learning fast fourier transform clean(FFT-CLEAN)sound source localization identification algorithm to avoid the interference factors in the noise acquisition system using a single microphone and conventional beam forming algorithm,improves the spatial resolution of the acoustic array sensor device,and proposes an acoustic array sensor device based on the acoustic spectrogram.The analysis and diagnosis method of discharge type of acoustic array sensor device can effectively reduce the system misjudgment caused by factors such as the resolution of the acoustic imaging device and the time domain pulse of the digital signal,and reduce the false alarm rate of the acoustic array sensor device.The proposed method is tested by selecting power cables as the object,and its effectiveness is proved by laboratory verification and field verification.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50909028
文摘Acoustic vector sensor consists of pressure and particle velocity sensors,which measure the three-dimensional acoustic particle velocity,as well as the pressure at one location at the same time.By preserving the amplitude and phase information of the pressure and particle velocity,they possess a number of advantages over traditional scalar sensors.Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain (which is often called array gain) is one of such advantages and is always interested by all of us.But it is not unchangeable if the spatial correlation of the noise field varies.Much more important,it is difficult to be given if the noise becomes complex.In this paper,spatial correlation of the vector field of isotropic volume-noise and surface-generated noise has been introduced briefly.Based on the results,the combined SNR output of a vector linear array is investigated and the maximum gain is given in the specified noise.Computer simulation shows that the output of one array in the same noise is not the same in different gestures.And then we find the best gesture through SNR calculation and obtain the biggest gain,which has important meaning to guide how to deploy an array in practice.We also should use the array with respect to the characteristics of the real ambient noise,especially in anisotropic noise field.
基金Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M592782)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11274253 and 11604259)
文摘An acoustic vector sensor can measure the components of particle velocity and the acoustic pressure at the same point simultaneously, which provides a larger array gain against the ambient noise and a higher angular resolution than the omnidirectional pressure sensor. This paper presents an experimental study of array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array in a practical environment. First, the manifold vector is calculated using the real measured data so that the effects of array mismatches can be minimized. Second, an optimal beamformer with a specific spatial response on the basis of the stable directivity of the ambient noise is designed, which can effectively suppress the ambient noise. Experimental results show that this beamformer for the conformal acoustic vector sensor array provides good signal-to- noise ratio enhancement and is more advantageous than the delay-and-sum and minimum variance distortionless response beamformers.
