Gastric cancer(GC)ranks fifth in cancer incidence and fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are highly oxidative oxygen-derived products that have crucial roles in cell signaling reg...Gastric cancer(GC)ranks fifth in cancer incidence and fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are highly oxidative oxygen-derived products that have crucial roles in cell signaling regulation and maintaining internal balance.ROS are closely associated with the occurrence,development,and treatment of GC.This review summarizes recent findings on the sources of ROS and the bidirectional regulatory effects on GC and discusses various treatment modalities for GC that are related to ROS induction.In addition,the regulation of ROS by natural small molecule compounds with the highest potential for development and applications in anti-GC research is summarized.The aim of the review is to accelerate the clinical application of modulating ROS levels as a therapeutic strategy for GC.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 20%of patients with systemic inflammatory responses that may cause pancreatic and peripancreatic fat necrosis.This condition of...Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 20%of patients with systemic inflammatory responses that may cause pancreatic and peripancreatic fat necrosis.This condition often progresses to multiple organ failure,significantly increasing morbidity and mortality.Oxidative stress,characterized by an imbalance between the body’s reactive oxygen species(ROS)and antioxidants,activates the inflammatory signaling pathways.Although the pathogenesis of AP is not fully understood,ROS are increasingly recognized as critical in the disease's progression and development.Modulating the oxidative stress pathway has shown efficacy in mitigating the progression of AP.Despite numerous basic studies examining this pathway,comprehensive reviews of recent research remain sparse.This systematic review offers an in-depth examination of the critical role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AP and evaluates the therapeutic potential of antioxidant interventions in its management.展开更多
Aggregate-level photodynamic therapy(PDT)has attracted significant interest and driven substantial advances in multifunction phototheranostic platforms.As exem-plified by two typical instances of aggregation-caused quen...Aggregate-level photodynamic therapy(PDT)has attracted significant interest and driven substantial advances in multifunction phototheranostic platforms.As exem-plified by two typical instances of aggregation-caused quenching of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and aggregation-induced generation of ROS,the aggregation effect plays a significant role on the ROS generation of photosensitizers(PSs),which is worthy of in-depth exploration and full utilization.However,in contrast to the well-developed researches on the aggregation effect on luminescence,the studies concerning the aggregation effect on ROS generation are currently in a relatively nascent and disjointed stage,lacking guidance from afirmly established research paradigm.To advance this regard,this review aims at providing a consolidated overview of the fundamental principles and research status of aggregation effects on the ROS generation.Here,the research status can be organized into two main facets.One involves the comparison between isolated state and aggregated state,which is mainly conducted by two methods of changing solvent environments and adding adjuvants into a given solvent.The other underscores the distinctions between different aggregate states,consisting of three parts,namely comparison within the same or between different categories based on the classification of single-component and multicomponent aggregates.In this endeavor,we will present our views on cur-rent research methodologies that explore how aggregation affects ROS generation and highlight the design strategies to leverage the aggregation effect to optimize PS regiments.We aspire this review to propel the advancement of phototheranostic plat-forms and accelerate the clinical implementation of precision medicine,and inspire more contributions to aggregate-level photophysics and photochemistry,pushing the aggregate science and materials forward.展开更多
Plasma-activated water(PAW),as an extended form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma,greatly expands the application of plasma-based technology.The biological effects of PAW are closely related to the aqueous reactive ...Plasma-activated water(PAW),as an extended form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma,greatly expands the application of plasma-based technology.The biological effects of PAW are closely related to the aqueous reactive species,which can be regulated by the activation process.In this study,surface plasma-activated air(SAA)and a He+O_(2)plasma jet(Jet)were parallelly combined(the SAA+Jet combination)or sequentially combined(the SAA→Jet combination and the Jet→SAA combination)to prepare plasma-activated saline(PAS).The PAS activated by the combinations exhibited stronger bactericidal effects than that activated by the SAA or the Jet alone.The concentrations of H_(2)O_(2)and NO_(2)^(-)were higher in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination,while ONOO^(-)concentrations were close in the three kinds of PAS and^(1)O_(2)concentrations were higher in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination.The analysis of scavengers also demonstrated that H_(2)O_(2),^(1)O_(2),and ONOO^(-)in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination,and^(1)O_(2)in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination played critical roles in bactericidal effects.Further,the effective placement time of the three PAS varied,and the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination could also inactivate 2.6-log_(10)of MRSA cells after placement for more than 60 min.The regulation of reactive species in plasma-activated water via different combinations of plasma devices could improve the directional application of plasma-activated water in the biomedical field.展开更多
Conventional blood sampling for glucose detection is prone to cause pain and fails to continuously record glucose fluctuations in vivo.Continuous glucose monitoring based on implantable electrodes could induce pain an...Conventional blood sampling for glucose detection is prone to cause pain and fails to continuously record glucose fluctuations in vivo.Continuous glucose monitoring based on implantable electrodes could induce pain and potential tissue inflammation,and the presence of reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to inflammationmay affect glucose detection.Microneedle technology is less invasive,yet microneedle adhesion with skin tissue is limited.In this work,we developed a microarrow sensor array(MASA),which provided enhanced skin surface adhesion and enabled simultaneous detection of glucose and H_(2)O_(2)(representative of ROS)in interstitial fluid in vivo.The microarrows fabricated via laser micromachining were modified with functional coating and integrated into a patch of a three-dimensional(3D)microneedle array.Due to the arrow tip mechanically interlocking with the tissue,the microarrow array could better adhere to the skin surface after penetration into skin.The MASA was demonstrated to provide continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose and H_(2)O_(2) concentrations,with the detection of H_(2)O_(2) providing a valuable reference for assessing the inflammation state.Finally,the MASA was integrated into a monitoring system using custom circuitry.This work provides a promising tool for the stable and reliable monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients.展开更多
Drought stress is a devastating natural disaster driven by the continuing intensification of global warming,which seriously threatens the productivity and quality of several horticultural crops,including pear.Gibberel...Drought stress is a devastating natural disaster driven by the continuing intensification of global warming,which seriously threatens the productivity and quality of several horticultural crops,including pear.Gibberellins(GAs)play crucial roles in plant growth,development,and responses to drought stress.Previous studies have shown significant reductions of GA levels in plants under drought stress;however,our understanding of the intrinsic regulation mechanisms of GA-mediated drought stress in pear remains very limited.Here,we show that drought stress can impair the accumulation of bioactive GAs(BGAs),and subsequently identified PbrGA2ox1 as a chloroplast-localized GA deactivation gene.This gene was significantly induced by drought stress and abscisic acid(ABA)treatment,but was suppressed by GA_(3)treatment.PbrGA2ox1-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants(Nicotiana benthamiana)exhibited enhanced tolerance to dehydration and drought stresses,whereas knock-down of PbrGA2ox1 in pear(Pyrus betulaefolia)by virus-induced gene silencing led to elevated drought sensitivity.Transgenic plants were hypersensitive to ABA,and had a lower BGAs content,enhanced reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and augmented ABA accumulation and signaling under drought stress compared to wild-type plants.However,the opposite effects were observed with PbrGA2ox1 silencing in pear.Moreover,exogenous GA_(3)treatment aggravated the ROS toxic effect and restrained ABA synthesis and signaling,resulting in the compromised drought tolerance of pear.In summary,our results shed light on the mechanism by which BGAs are eliminated in pear leaves under drought stress,providing further insights into the mechanism regulating the effects of GA on the drought tolerance of plants.展开更多
The basic region/leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factors play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.OsbZIP53 regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice by analyzin...The basic region/leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factors play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.OsbZIP53 regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice by analyzing APIP5-RNAi transgenic plants.To further investigate the biological functions of OsbZIP53,we generated osbzip53 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 editing and also constructed OsbZIP53 over-expression transgenic plants.Comprehensive analysis of phenotypical,physiological,and transcriptional data showed that knocking-out OsbZIP53 not only improved disease resistance by inducing a hypersensitivity response in plants,but also regulated the immune response through the salicylic acid pathway.Specifically,disrupting OsbZIP53 increased H2O2 accumulation by promoting reactive oxygen species generation through up-regulation of several respiratory burst oxidase homologs(Osrboh genes)and weakened H2O2 degradation by directly targeting OsMYBS1.In addition,the growth of osbzip53 mutants was seriously impaired,while OsbZIP53 over-expression lines displayed a similar phenotype to the wild type,suggesting that OsbZIP53 has a balancing effect on rice immune response and growth.展开更多
Neurite degeneration,a major component of many neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,is not part of the typical apoptosis signaling mechanism,bu...Neurite degeneration,a major component of many neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,is not part of the typical apoptosis signaling mechanism,but rather it appears that a self-destructive process is in action.Oxidative stress is a well-known inducer of neurodegenerative pathways:neuronal cell death and neurite degeneration.Although oxidative stress exerts cytotoxic effects leading to neuronal loss,the pathogenic mechanisms and precise signaling pathways by which oxidative stress causes neurite degeneration have remained entirely unknown.We previously reported that reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidases induce activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF1 in neurons,which promotes neurite degeneration.In this process,the phosphorylation of an NADPH oxidase subunit p47-phox at the 345serine residue serves as an important checkpoint to initiate the ZNRF1-dependent neurite degeneration.Evidence provides new insights into the mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated neurodegeneration.In this review,we focus specifically on reactive oxygen species-induced neurite degeneration by highlighting a phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the molecular interaction between ZNRF1 and the NADPH oxidase complex.展开更多
The role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in ischemic and reperfusion(I/R)injury of the heart has been discussed for more than 40 years.It has been demonstrated that reperfusion triggers a multiple increase in free radi...The role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in ischemic and reperfusion(I/R)injury of the heart has been discussed for more than 40 years.It has been demonstrated that reperfusion triggers a multiple increase in free radical generation in the isolated heart.Antioxidants were found to have the ability to mitigate I/R injury of the heart.However,it is unclear whether their cardioprotective effect truly depends on the decrease of ROS levels in myocardial tissues.Since high doses and high concentrations of antioxidants were experimentally used,it is highly likely that the cardioprotective effect of antioxidants depends on their interaction not only with free radicals but also with other molecules.It has been demonstrated that the antioxidant N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine or NDPH oxidase knockout abolished the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning.Consequently,there is evidence that ROS protect the heart against the I/R injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is a significant component of the innate immune system that plays a vital role in the development of various parasitic diseases.Howe...BACKGROUND The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is a significant component of the innate immune system that plays a vital role in the development of various parasitic diseases.However,its role in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanism of activation in HAE.METHODS We assessed the expression of NLRP3,caspase-1,interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-18 in the marginal zone and corresponding normal liver of 60 patients with HAE.A rat model of HAE was employed to investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the marginal zone of HAE.Transwell experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Echinococcus multilocularis(E.multilocularis)in stimulating Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.Furthermore,immunohistochemistry,Western blotting,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate NLRP3,caspase-1,IL-1β,and IL-18 expression;flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS).RESULTS NLRP3 inflammasome activation was significantly associated with ROS.Inhibition of ROS production decreased NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1βpathway activation and mitigated hepatocyte damage and inflammation.CONCLUSION E.multilocularis induces hepatocyte damage and inflammation by activating the ROS-mediated NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1βpathway in Kupffer cells,indicating that ROS may serve as a potential target for the treatment of HAE.展开更多
Polypores play a cru cial role in energy recycling and forest regeneration in forest ecosystems.The majority of them are wood degraders;some are forest pathogens and others are ectomycorrhizal symbionts.The basidiocar...Polypores play a cru cial role in energy recycling and forest regeneration in forest ecosystems.The majority of them are wood degraders;some are forest pathogens and others are ectomycorrhizal symbionts.The basidiocarps provide food and shelter for many organisms,mostly invertebrates,but also some vertebrates,as well as food and medicine for humans.Despite extensive research on the species diversity and phylogenetic relationships of polypores in recent years,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of their distribution patterns and species composition at the large scale.Checklists of polypores from the tropical zone,including tropical Africa,tropical America,and tropical Asia,were analyzed for species diversity,distribution patterns,major taxa,and nutritional modes.A total of 1,902 polypore species was found in the three regions,representing 8 orders,46families,and 250 genera of Agaricomycetes.The orders Polyporales(especially the family Polyporaceae)and Hymenochaetales(especially the family Hymenochaetaceae)had the most prolific taxa,with their species accounting for 93.4%of the total polypores listed.Each of 1,565(or 82.3%)of the total 1,902 species were found in only one of the three regions studied,and we treat them temporarily as"regional endemic species".Only 141species were shared among all three regions,accounting for a mere 7.4%.Tropical Africa and tropical America had the greatest number of shared species and the highest S?rensen similarity index(SC)value.Tropical forests had a higher species richness compared with temperate to boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere,and in addition,also a higher proportion of white rot polypores compared to brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species.This study outlines the distribution patterns and species diversity of polypores in the world,shedding light on their ecological significance in diverse ecosystems.展开更多
Metasurfaces have opened the door to next-generation optical devices due to their ability to dramatically modulate electromagnetic waves at will using periodically arranged nanostructures.However,metasurfaces typicall...Metasurfaces have opened the door to next-generation optical devices due to their ability to dramatically modulate electromagnetic waves at will using periodically arranged nanostructures.However,metasurfaces typically have static optical responses with fixed geometries of nanostructures,which poses challenges for implementing transition to technology by replacing conventional optical components.To solve this problem,liquid crystals(LCs)have been actively employed for designing tunable metasurfaces using their adjustable birefringent in real time.Here,we review recent studies on LCpowered tunable metasurfaces,which are categorized as wavefront tuning and spectral tuning.Compared to numerous reviews on tunable metasurfaces,this review intensively explores recent development of LC-integrated metasurfaces.At the end of this review,we briefly introduce the latest research trends on LC-powered metasurfaces and suggest further directions for improving LCs.We hope that this review will accelerate the development of new and innovative LC-powered devices.展开更多
Recently, we found some errors in Fig. 3 of the article Chin. Phys. B 24 085201 (2015). Upon a thorough examination of the raw data materials, we confirm that the image error did not impact any of the findings and con...Recently, we found some errors in Fig. 3 of the article Chin. Phys. B 24 085201 (2015). Upon a thorough examination of the raw data materials, we confirm that the image error did not impact any of the findings and conclusions of the paper. Based on this, we have made corrections to the original article.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine on follicular growth and morphology,as well as on viability,levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and meiotic progression of oocytes...Objective:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine on follicular growth and morphology,as well as on viability,levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and meiotic progression of oocytes from in vitro cultured bovine early antral follicles.Methods:Isolated early antral follicles(about 500μm)were cultured in TCM-199+alone or supplemented with 1.0,5.0 or 25.0 mM N-acetylcysteine at 38.5℃with 5%CO_(2) for 8 days.Follicle diameters were evaluated at day 0,4 and 8 of culture.At the end of culture,the levels of ROS,chromatin configuration and viability(calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer-1 staining)were investigated in the cumulus-oocyte complexes.Comparisons of follicle diameters between treatments were performed.Data on percentages of morphologically normal follicles,growth rates and chromatin configuration in different treatments were compared.Results:An increase in follicular diameters after culture in all treatments was observed,except for follicles cultured with 25.0 mM N-acetylcysteine.Fluorescence microscopy showed that oocytes cultured in all treatments were stained positively with calcein AM,and that 5.0 mM N-acetylcysteine reduced fluorescence for ethidium homodimer-1.Intracellular levels of ROS in oocytes from follicles cultured with 1.0 mM N-acetylcysteine showed a significant reduction compared to other treatments.The presence of N-acetylcysteine in culture medium did not influence the rates of oocyte at the germinal vesicle stage.Conclusions:N-acetylcysteine at concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 mM reduces ROS levels and staining for ethidium homodimer-1 in in vitro cultured follicles,respectively,while 25.0 mM N-acetylcysteine decreases follicular growth and the percentages of continuously growing follicles.展开更多
The antibacterial activity of copper is well-known from an ancient civilization, however, its biocidal mechanism has not been necessarily elucidated. Notwithstanding up to now, mainly 4 processes have been proposed. A...The antibacterial activity of copper is well-known from an ancient civilization, however, its biocidal mechanism has not been necessarily elucidated. Notwithstanding up to now, mainly 4 processes have been proposed. Among them, it is cleared that 4 kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS): hydroxyl radical ·OH, hydrogen per oxide H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, superoxide anion ·O<sup>-</sup>2</sub></sub> and singlet oxygen <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, play an important role for contact-killing of bacteria, viruses and fungi. In this paper, generation of ROS on the surfaces of copper plates heated from room temperature to 673 K for 4.2 × 10<sup>2</sup> s in air, was investigated using the chemiluminescence. ROS have been evaluated by selecting the most suitable scavengers, such as 2-propanol for ·OH, sodium pyruvate for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, nitro blue tetrazolium for ·O<sup>-</sup>2</sub></sub>, and sodium azide NaN<sub>3</sub> for <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>. At the same time the outermost surface of copper, on which thin film of cuprous oxide Cu<sub>2</sub>O was first formed and then cupric oxide CuO was laminated on Cu<sub>2</sub>O, was examined by thin-film XRD and TEM analysis to estimate the amounts and kinds of copper oxides. It was found that the most amounts of ROS were obtained for the 573 K-heated Cu plate and they were composed of ·OH, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and ·O<sup>-</sup>2.</sub></sub>.展开更多
Here,we characterize the temporal and spatial dynamics of forest community structure and species diversity in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China.We found that community structure in this forest chang...Here,we characterize the temporal and spatial dynamics of forest community structure and species diversity in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China.We found that community structure in this forest changed over a 15-year period.Specifically,renewal and death of common species was large,with the renewal of individuals mainly concentrated within a few populations,especially those of Aidia canthioides and Cryptocarya concinna.The numbers of individual deaths for common species were concentrated in the small and mid-diameter level.The spatial distribution of community species diversity fluctuated in each monitoring period,showing a more dispersed diversity after the 15-year study period,and the coefficient of variation on quadrats increased.In 2010,the death and renewal of the community and the spatial variation of species diversity were different compared to other survey years.Extreme weather may have affected species regeneration and community stability in our subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests.Our findings suggest that strengthening the monitoring and management of the forest community will help better understand the long-and short-term causes of dynamic fluctuations of community structure and species diversity,and reveal the factors that drive changes in community structure.展开更多
The canonical transient receptor potential channel(TRPC)proteins form Ca^(2+)-permeable cation channels that are involved in various heart diseases.However,the roles of specific TRPC proteins in myocardial ischemia/re...The canonical transient receptor potential channel(TRPC)proteins form Ca^(2+)-permeable cation channels that are involved in various heart diseases.However,the roles of specific TRPC proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury remain poorly understood.We observed that TRPC1 and TRPC6 were highly expressed in the area at risk(AAR)in a coronary artery ligation induced I/R model.Trpc1/mice exhibited improved cardiac function,lower serum Troponin T and serum creatine kinase level,smaller infarct volume,less fibrotic scars,and fewer apoptotic cells after myocardial-I/R than wild-type or Trpc6/mice.Cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of Trpc1 using adeno-associated virus 9 mitigated myocardial I/R injury.Furthermore,Trpc1 deficiency protected adult mouse ventricular myocytes(AMVMs)and HL-1 cells from death during hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)injury.RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in Trpc1/cardiomyocytes.Among these genes,oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like(Ogdhl)was markedly downregulated.Moreover,Trpc1 deficiency impaired the calcineurin(CaN)/nuclear factorkappa B(NF-kB)signaling pathway in AMVMs.Suppression of this pathway inhibited Ogdhl upregulation and ROS generation in HL-1 cells under H/R conditions.Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed NF-kB binding to the Ogdhl promoter.The cardioprotective effect of Trpc1 deficiency was canceled out by overexpression of NF-kB and Ogdhl in cardiomyocytes.In conclusion,our findings reveal that TRPC1 is upregulated in the AAR following myocardial I/R,leading to increased Ca^(2+) influx into associated cardiomyocytes.Subsequently,this upregulates Ogdhl expression through the CaN/NF-kB signaling pathway,ultimately exacerbating ROS production and aggravating myocardial I/R injury.展开更多
The active layer,acting as an intermediary of water and heat exchange between permafrost and atmosphere,greatly influences biogeochemical cycles in permafrost areas and is notably sensitive to climate fluctuations.Uti...The active layer,acting as an intermediary of water and heat exchange between permafrost and atmosphere,greatly influences biogeochemical cycles in permafrost areas and is notably sensitive to climate fluctuations.Utilizing the Chinese Meteorological Forcing Dataset to drive the Community Land Model,version 5.0,this study simulates the spatial and temporal characteristics of active layer thickness(ALT)on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)from 1980 to 2020.Results show that the ALT,primarily observed in the central and western parts of the TP where there are insufficient station observations,exhibits significant interdecadal changes after 2000.The average thickness on the TP decreases from 2.54 m during 1980–1999 to 2.28 m during 2000–2020.This change is mainly observed in the western permafrost region,displaying a sharp regional inconsistency compared to the eastern region.A persistent increasing trend of ALT is found in the eastern permafrost region,rather than an interdecadal change.The aforementioned changes in ALT are closely tied to the variations in the surrounding atmospheric environment,particularly air temperature.Additionally,the area of the active layer on the TP displays a profound interdecadal change around 2000,arising from the permafrost thawing and forming.It consistently decreases before 2000 but barely changes after 2000.The regional variation in the permafrost active layer over the TP revealed in this study indicates a complex response of the contemporary climate under global warming.展开更多
A synergistic system of water falling film dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma and persulfate(PS)was set up and used for oxidizing ciprofloxacin(CIP)in water.Results of reactive species formation in the DBD-only s...A synergistic system of water falling film dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma and persulfate(PS)was set up and used for oxidizing ciprofloxacin(CIP)in water.Results of reactive species formation in the DBD-only system as well as the DBD–PS system verified the PS activation in the DBD system.Influencing factors on CIP degradation and the degradation process were also been studied.The obtained results showed that the presence of PS could greatly improve the degradation and mineralization of CIP and that the degradation efficiency could reach 97.73%after only 40 min treatment with 4 m M PS addition.The increase of PS concentration,the lower CIP concentration,the acidic solution p H and the addition of metal ions(Fe^(2+)and Cu^(2+))enhanced the CIP degradation,while the existence of Cl^(-)and HCO_(3)^(-)had a negative effect.The experiments related to scavenger addition confirmed the contribution of the main reactive species to the CIP oxidation.Three probable degradation pathways were proposed by analyzing the inorganic ions and organic byproducts formed during the CIP degradation.The toxicity evaluation results of the CIP and its intermediates confirmed the effectiveness of the DBD–PS synergistic system.展开更多
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA0910100)Healthy Zhejiang One Million People Cohort (Grant No. K-20230085)+7 种基金Post-doctoral Innovative Talent Support Program (Grant No. BX2023375)Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer (Grant No. JBZX-202006)Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. WKJ-ZJ-2202 and WKJ-ZJ-2104)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 82304946, 82074245, 81973634, and 81903842)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. LR21H280001)Science and Technology Projects of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2019C03049)Program of Zhejiang Provincial TCM Scitech Plan (Grant Nos. 2018ZY006, 2020ZZ005)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2023M733563)
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)ranks fifth in cancer incidence and fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are highly oxidative oxygen-derived products that have crucial roles in cell signaling regulation and maintaining internal balance.ROS are closely associated with the occurrence,development,and treatment of GC.This review summarizes recent findings on the sources of ROS and the bidirectional regulatory effects on GC and discusses various treatment modalities for GC that are related to ROS induction.In addition,the regulation of ROS by natural small molecule compounds with the highest potential for development and applications in anti-GC research is summarized.The aim of the review is to accelerate the clinical application of modulating ROS levels as a therapeutic strategy for GC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8217030254.
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 20%of patients with systemic inflammatory responses that may cause pancreatic and peripancreatic fat necrosis.This condition often progresses to multiple organ failure,significantly increasing morbidity and mortality.Oxidative stress,characterized by an imbalance between the body’s reactive oxygen species(ROS)and antioxidants,activates the inflammatory signaling pathways.Although the pathogenesis of AP is not fully understood,ROS are increasingly recognized as critical in the disease's progression and development.Modulating the oxidative stress pathway has shown efficacy in mitigating the progression of AP.Despite numerous basic studies examining this pathway,comprehensive reviews of recent research remain sparse.This systematic review offers an in-depth examination of the critical role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AP and evaluates the therapeutic potential of antioxidant interventions in its management.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22375066,U23A20594GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2023B1515040003,2022A1515010315。
文摘Aggregate-level photodynamic therapy(PDT)has attracted significant interest and driven substantial advances in multifunction phototheranostic platforms.As exem-plified by two typical instances of aggregation-caused quenching of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and aggregation-induced generation of ROS,the aggregation effect plays a significant role on the ROS generation of photosensitizers(PSs),which is worthy of in-depth exploration and full utilization.However,in contrast to the well-developed researches on the aggregation effect on luminescence,the studies concerning the aggregation effect on ROS generation are currently in a relatively nascent and disjointed stage,lacking guidance from afirmly established research paradigm.To advance this regard,this review aims at providing a consolidated overview of the fundamental principles and research status of aggregation effects on the ROS generation.Here,the research status can be organized into two main facets.One involves the comparison between isolated state and aggregated state,which is mainly conducted by two methods of changing solvent environments and adding adjuvants into a given solvent.The other underscores the distinctions between different aggregate states,consisting of three parts,namely comparison within the same or between different categories based on the classification of single-component and multicomponent aggregates.In this endeavor,we will present our views on cur-rent research methodologies that explore how aggregation affects ROS generation and highlight the design strategies to leverage the aggregation effect to optimize PS regiments.We aspire this review to propel the advancement of phototheranostic plat-forms and accelerate the clinical implementation of precision medicine,and inspire more contributions to aggregate-level photophysics and photochemistry,pushing the aggregate science and materials forward.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51977174)。
文摘Plasma-activated water(PAW),as an extended form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma,greatly expands the application of plasma-based technology.The biological effects of PAW are closely related to the aqueous reactive species,which can be regulated by the activation process.In this study,surface plasma-activated air(SAA)and a He+O_(2)plasma jet(Jet)were parallelly combined(the SAA+Jet combination)or sequentially combined(the SAA→Jet combination and the Jet→SAA combination)to prepare plasma-activated saline(PAS).The PAS activated by the combinations exhibited stronger bactericidal effects than that activated by the SAA or the Jet alone.The concentrations of H_(2)O_(2)and NO_(2)^(-)were higher in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination,while ONOO^(-)concentrations were close in the three kinds of PAS and^(1)O_(2)concentrations were higher in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination.The analysis of scavengers also demonstrated that H_(2)O_(2),^(1)O_(2),and ONOO^(-)in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination,and^(1)O_(2)in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination played critical roles in bactericidal effects.Further,the effective placement time of the three PAS varied,and the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination could also inactivate 2.6-log_(10)of MRSA cells after placement for more than 60 min.The regulation of reactive species in plasma-activated water via different combinations of plasma devices could improve the directional application of plasma-activated water in the biomedical field.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFF1200700 and 2021YFA0911100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171399,32171456,and T2225010)+6 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515012261)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(No.202103000076)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-Sen University(No.22dfx02),and Pazhou Lab,Guangzhou(No.PZL2021KF0003)FML would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171335 and 31900954)JL would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62105380)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693686)QQOY would like to thank the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M713645).
文摘Conventional blood sampling for glucose detection is prone to cause pain and fails to continuously record glucose fluctuations in vivo.Continuous glucose monitoring based on implantable electrodes could induce pain and potential tissue inflammation,and the presence of reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to inflammationmay affect glucose detection.Microneedle technology is less invasive,yet microneedle adhesion with skin tissue is limited.In this work,we developed a microarrow sensor array(MASA),which provided enhanced skin surface adhesion and enabled simultaneous detection of glucose and H_(2)O_(2)(representative of ROS)in interstitial fluid in vivo.The microarrows fabricated via laser micromachining were modified with functional coating and integrated into a patch of a three-dimensional(3D)microneedle array.Due to the arrow tip mechanically interlocking with the tissue,the microarrow array could better adhere to the skin surface after penetration into skin.The MASA was demonstrated to provide continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose and H_(2)O_(2) concentrations,with the detection of H_(2)O_(2) providing a valuable reference for assessing the inflammation state.Finally,the MASA was integrated into a monitoring system using custom circuitry.This work provides a promising tool for the stable and reliable monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients.
基金supported by grants from the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28-14)the Technical System of Fruit Industry in Anhui Province,China(AHCYTX-10)the Scientific Research Projects for Postgraduates of Anhui Universities,China(YJS20210207).
文摘Drought stress is a devastating natural disaster driven by the continuing intensification of global warming,which seriously threatens the productivity and quality of several horticultural crops,including pear.Gibberellins(GAs)play crucial roles in plant growth,development,and responses to drought stress.Previous studies have shown significant reductions of GA levels in plants under drought stress;however,our understanding of the intrinsic regulation mechanisms of GA-mediated drought stress in pear remains very limited.Here,we show that drought stress can impair the accumulation of bioactive GAs(BGAs),and subsequently identified PbrGA2ox1 as a chloroplast-localized GA deactivation gene.This gene was significantly induced by drought stress and abscisic acid(ABA)treatment,but was suppressed by GA_(3)treatment.PbrGA2ox1-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants(Nicotiana benthamiana)exhibited enhanced tolerance to dehydration and drought stresses,whereas knock-down of PbrGA2ox1 in pear(Pyrus betulaefolia)by virus-induced gene silencing led to elevated drought sensitivity.Transgenic plants were hypersensitive to ABA,and had a lower BGAs content,enhanced reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and augmented ABA accumulation and signaling under drought stress compared to wild-type plants.However,the opposite effects were observed with PbrGA2ox1 silencing in pear.Moreover,exogenous GA_(3)treatment aggravated the ROS toxic effect and restrained ABA synthesis and signaling,resulting in the compromised drought tolerance of pear.In summary,our results shed light on the mechanism by which BGAs are eliminated in pear leaves under drought stress,providing further insights into the mechanism regulating the effects of GA on the drought tolerance of plants.
基金the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LY21C130004)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021C02056-3)+1 种基金the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202202)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(Grant No.CAASASTIP-2021-CNRRI).
文摘The basic region/leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factors play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.OsbZIP53 regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice by analyzing APIP5-RNAi transgenic plants.To further investigate the biological functions of OsbZIP53,we generated osbzip53 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 editing and also constructed OsbZIP53 over-expression transgenic plants.Comprehensive analysis of phenotypical,physiological,and transcriptional data showed that knocking-out OsbZIP53 not only improved disease resistance by inducing a hypersensitivity response in plants,but also regulated the immune response through the salicylic acid pathway.Specifically,disrupting OsbZIP53 increased H2O2 accumulation by promoting reactive oxygen species generation through up-regulation of several respiratory burst oxidase homologs(Osrboh genes)and weakened H2O2 degradation by directly targeting OsMYBS1.In addition,the growth of osbzip53 mutants was seriously impaired,while OsbZIP53 over-expression lines displayed a similar phenotype to the wild type,suggesting that OsbZIP53 has a balancing effect on rice immune response and growth.
文摘Neurite degeneration,a major component of many neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,is not part of the typical apoptosis signaling mechanism,but rather it appears that a self-destructive process is in action.Oxidative stress is a well-known inducer of neurodegenerative pathways:neuronal cell death and neurite degeneration.Although oxidative stress exerts cytotoxic effects leading to neuronal loss,the pathogenic mechanisms and precise signaling pathways by which oxidative stress causes neurite degeneration have remained entirely unknown.We previously reported that reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidases induce activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF1 in neurons,which promotes neurite degeneration.In this process,the phosphorylation of an NADPH oxidase subunit p47-phox at the 345serine residue serves as an important checkpoint to initiate the ZNRF1-dependent neurite degeneration.Evidence provides new insights into the mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated neurodegeneration.In this review,we focus specifically on reactive oxygen species-induced neurite degeneration by highlighting a phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the molecular interaction between ZNRF1 and the NADPH oxidase complex.
文摘The role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in ischemic and reperfusion(I/R)injury of the heart has been discussed for more than 40 years.It has been demonstrated that reperfusion triggers a multiple increase in free radical generation in the isolated heart.Antioxidants were found to have the ability to mitigate I/R injury of the heart.However,it is unclear whether their cardioprotective effect truly depends on the decrease of ROS levels in myocardial tissues.Since high doses and high concentrations of antioxidants were experimentally used,it is highly likely that the cardioprotective effect of antioxidants depends on their interaction not only with free radicals but also with other molecules.It has been demonstrated that the antioxidant N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine or NDPH oxidase knockout abolished the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning.Consequently,there is evidence that ROS protect the heart against the I/R injury.
基金Supported by the National Major Research and Development Project of“Precision Medicine Research”,No.2017YFC0909900Qinghai Province Science and Technology Department Programme,No.2019-SF-131the Qinghai Province Health and Family Planning Commission Programme,No.2016-wjzd-04.
文摘BACKGROUND The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is a significant component of the innate immune system that plays a vital role in the development of various parasitic diseases.However,its role in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanism of activation in HAE.METHODS We assessed the expression of NLRP3,caspase-1,interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-18 in the marginal zone and corresponding normal liver of 60 patients with HAE.A rat model of HAE was employed to investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the marginal zone of HAE.Transwell experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Echinococcus multilocularis(E.multilocularis)in stimulating Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.Furthermore,immunohistochemistry,Western blotting,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate NLRP3,caspase-1,IL-1β,and IL-18 expression;flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS).RESULTS NLRP3 inflammasome activation was significantly associated with ROS.Inhibition of ROS production decreased NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1βpathway activation and mitigated hepatocyte damage and inflammation.CONCLUSION E.multilocularis induces hepatocyte damage and inflammation by activating the ROS-mediated NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1βpathway in Kupffer cells,indicating that ROS may serve as a potential target for the treatment of HAE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.U23A20142 and 32370013)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2023RDYL01)+1 种基金the Hainan Institute of National Park,HINP,KY-24ZK02the Yunnan Province Expert Workstation Program(No.202205AF150014)。
文摘Polypores play a cru cial role in energy recycling and forest regeneration in forest ecosystems.The majority of them are wood degraders;some are forest pathogens and others are ectomycorrhizal symbionts.The basidiocarps provide food and shelter for many organisms,mostly invertebrates,but also some vertebrates,as well as food and medicine for humans.Despite extensive research on the species diversity and phylogenetic relationships of polypores in recent years,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of their distribution patterns and species composition at the large scale.Checklists of polypores from the tropical zone,including tropical Africa,tropical America,and tropical Asia,were analyzed for species diversity,distribution patterns,major taxa,and nutritional modes.A total of 1,902 polypore species was found in the three regions,representing 8 orders,46families,and 250 genera of Agaricomycetes.The orders Polyporales(especially the family Polyporaceae)and Hymenochaetales(especially the family Hymenochaetaceae)had the most prolific taxa,with their species accounting for 93.4%of the total polypores listed.Each of 1,565(or 82.3%)of the total 1,902 species were found in only one of the three regions studied,and we treat them temporarily as"regional endemic species".Only 141species were shared among all three regions,accounting for a mere 7.4%.Tropical Africa and tropical America had the greatest number of shared species and the highest S?rensen similarity index(SC)value.Tropical forests had a higher species richness compared with temperate to boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere,and in addition,also a higher proportion of white rot polypores compared to brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species.This study outlines the distribution patterns and species diversity of polypores in the world,shedding light on their ecological significance in diverse ecosystems.
基金supported by the POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center program funded by POSCO,the Samsung Research Funding&Incubation Center for Future Technology grant(SRFC-IT1901-52)funded by Samsung Electronicsthe National Research Foundation(NRF)grants(NRF-2022M3C1A3081312,NRF-2022M3H4A1A-02074314,NRF-2022M3H4A1A02046445,NRF-2021M3H4A1A04086357,NRF-2019R1A5A8080290,RS-2024-00356928,RS-2023-00283667)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of the Korean governmentthe Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)grant(No.1415185027/20019169,Alchemist project)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)of the Korean government.H.Kim and J.Kim acknowledge the POSTECH Alchemist fellowship,the Asan Foundation Biomedical Science fellowship,and Presidential Science fellowship funded by the MSIT of the Korean government.
文摘Metasurfaces have opened the door to next-generation optical devices due to their ability to dramatically modulate electromagnetic waves at will using periodically arranged nanostructures.However,metasurfaces typically have static optical responses with fixed geometries of nanostructures,which poses challenges for implementing transition to technology by replacing conventional optical components.To solve this problem,liquid crystals(LCs)have been actively employed for designing tunable metasurfaces using their adjustable birefringent in real time.Here,we review recent studies on LCpowered tunable metasurfaces,which are categorized as wavefront tuning and spectral tuning.Compared to numerous reviews on tunable metasurfaces,this review intensively explores recent development of LC-integrated metasurfaces.At the end of this review,we briefly introduce the latest research trends on LC-powered metasurfaces and suggest further directions for improving LCs.We hope that this review will accelerate the development of new and innovative LC-powered devices.
文摘Recently, we found some errors in Fig. 3 of the article Chin. Phys. B 24 085201 (2015). Upon a thorough examination of the raw data materials, we confirm that the image error did not impact any of the findings and conclusions of the paper. Based on this, we have made corrections to the original article.
基金supported by grants from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq,Brazil,grant number 308737/2018-0).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine on follicular growth and morphology,as well as on viability,levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and meiotic progression of oocytes from in vitro cultured bovine early antral follicles.Methods:Isolated early antral follicles(about 500μm)were cultured in TCM-199+alone or supplemented with 1.0,5.0 or 25.0 mM N-acetylcysteine at 38.5℃with 5%CO_(2) for 8 days.Follicle diameters were evaluated at day 0,4 and 8 of culture.At the end of culture,the levels of ROS,chromatin configuration and viability(calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer-1 staining)were investigated in the cumulus-oocyte complexes.Comparisons of follicle diameters between treatments were performed.Data on percentages of morphologically normal follicles,growth rates and chromatin configuration in different treatments were compared.Results:An increase in follicular diameters after culture in all treatments was observed,except for follicles cultured with 25.0 mM N-acetylcysteine.Fluorescence microscopy showed that oocytes cultured in all treatments were stained positively with calcein AM,and that 5.0 mM N-acetylcysteine reduced fluorescence for ethidium homodimer-1.Intracellular levels of ROS in oocytes from follicles cultured with 1.0 mM N-acetylcysteine showed a significant reduction compared to other treatments.The presence of N-acetylcysteine in culture medium did not influence the rates of oocyte at the germinal vesicle stage.Conclusions:N-acetylcysteine at concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 mM reduces ROS levels and staining for ethidium homodimer-1 in in vitro cultured follicles,respectively,while 25.0 mM N-acetylcysteine decreases follicular growth and the percentages of continuously growing follicles.
文摘The antibacterial activity of copper is well-known from an ancient civilization, however, its biocidal mechanism has not been necessarily elucidated. Notwithstanding up to now, mainly 4 processes have been proposed. Among them, it is cleared that 4 kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS): hydroxyl radical ·OH, hydrogen per oxide H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, superoxide anion ·O<sup>-</sup>2</sub></sub> and singlet oxygen <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, play an important role for contact-killing of bacteria, viruses and fungi. In this paper, generation of ROS on the surfaces of copper plates heated from room temperature to 673 K for 4.2 × 10<sup>2</sup> s in air, was investigated using the chemiluminescence. ROS have been evaluated by selecting the most suitable scavengers, such as 2-propanol for ·OH, sodium pyruvate for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, nitro blue tetrazolium for ·O<sup>-</sup>2</sub></sub>, and sodium azide NaN<sub>3</sub> for <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>. At the same time the outermost surface of copper, on which thin film of cuprous oxide Cu<sub>2</sub>O was first formed and then cupric oxide CuO was laminated on Cu<sub>2</sub>O, was examined by thin-film XRD and TEM analysis to estimate the amounts and kinds of copper oxides. It was found that the most amounts of ROS were obtained for the 573 K-heated Cu plate and they were composed of ·OH, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and ·O<sup>-</sup>2.</sub></sub>.
基金funded by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program (2022GXNSFAA035583 and 2020GXNSFAA159108)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32060305)+2 种基金Foundation of Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University)Ministry of Education, China (ERESEP 2021Z06)Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network
文摘Here,we characterize the temporal and spatial dynamics of forest community structure and species diversity in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China.We found that community structure in this forest changed over a 15-year period.Specifically,renewal and death of common species was large,with the renewal of individuals mainly concentrated within a few populations,especially those of Aidia canthioides and Cryptocarya concinna.The numbers of individual deaths for common species were concentrated in the small and mid-diameter level.The spatial distribution of community species diversity fluctuated in each monitoring period,showing a more dispersed diversity after the 15-year study period,and the coefficient of variation on quadrats increased.In 2010,the death and renewal of the community and the spatial variation of species diversity were different compared to other survey years.Extreme weather may have affected species regeneration and community stability in our subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests.Our findings suggest that strengthening the monitoring and management of the forest community will help better understand the long-and short-term causes of dynamic fluctuations of community structure and species diversity,and reveal the factors that drive changes in community structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81970245,82270357,and 81770432)the Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant Nos.:2021-04-ZZ-001,2021-QYPT-003,and 2022-SLRH-YQ-004)+1 种基金the Project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province in China(Project No.:2022YWZX-PG-01)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province in China(Grant No.:2023-JC-JQ-61).
文摘The canonical transient receptor potential channel(TRPC)proteins form Ca^(2+)-permeable cation channels that are involved in various heart diseases.However,the roles of specific TRPC proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury remain poorly understood.We observed that TRPC1 and TRPC6 were highly expressed in the area at risk(AAR)in a coronary artery ligation induced I/R model.Trpc1/mice exhibited improved cardiac function,lower serum Troponin T and serum creatine kinase level,smaller infarct volume,less fibrotic scars,and fewer apoptotic cells after myocardial-I/R than wild-type or Trpc6/mice.Cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of Trpc1 using adeno-associated virus 9 mitigated myocardial I/R injury.Furthermore,Trpc1 deficiency protected adult mouse ventricular myocytes(AMVMs)and HL-1 cells from death during hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)injury.RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in Trpc1/cardiomyocytes.Among these genes,oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like(Ogdhl)was markedly downregulated.Moreover,Trpc1 deficiency impaired the calcineurin(CaN)/nuclear factorkappa B(NF-kB)signaling pathway in AMVMs.Suppression of this pathway inhibited Ogdhl upregulation and ROS generation in HL-1 cells under H/R conditions.Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed NF-kB binding to the Ogdhl promoter.The cardioprotective effect of Trpc1 deficiency was canceled out by overexpression of NF-kB and Ogdhl in cardiomyocytes.In conclusion,our findings reveal that TRPC1 is upregulated in the AAR following myocardial I/R,leading to increased Ca^(2+) influx into associated cardiomyocytes.Subsequently,this upregulates Ogdhl expression through the CaN/NF-kB signaling pathway,ultimately exacerbating ROS production and aggravating myocardial I/R injury.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program[grant number 2019QZKK0102]the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS[grant number 2021073]the special fund of the Yunnan University“double firstclass”construction.
文摘The active layer,acting as an intermediary of water and heat exchange between permafrost and atmosphere,greatly influences biogeochemical cycles in permafrost areas and is notably sensitive to climate fluctuations.Utilizing the Chinese Meteorological Forcing Dataset to drive the Community Land Model,version 5.0,this study simulates the spatial and temporal characteristics of active layer thickness(ALT)on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)from 1980 to 2020.Results show that the ALT,primarily observed in the central and western parts of the TP where there are insufficient station observations,exhibits significant interdecadal changes after 2000.The average thickness on the TP decreases from 2.54 m during 1980–1999 to 2.28 m during 2000–2020.This change is mainly observed in the western permafrost region,displaying a sharp regional inconsistency compared to the eastern region.A persistent increasing trend of ALT is found in the eastern permafrost region,rather than an interdecadal change.The aforementioned changes in ALT are closely tied to the variations in the surrounding atmospheric environment,particularly air temperature.Additionally,the area of the active layer on the TP displays a profound interdecadal change around 2000,arising from the permafrost thawing and forming.It consistently decreases before 2000 but barely changes after 2000.The regional variation in the permafrost active layer over the TP revealed in this study indicates a complex response of the contemporary climate under global warming.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21876070)for their support of this study.
文摘A synergistic system of water falling film dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma and persulfate(PS)was set up and used for oxidizing ciprofloxacin(CIP)in water.Results of reactive species formation in the DBD-only system as well as the DBD–PS system verified the PS activation in the DBD system.Influencing factors on CIP degradation and the degradation process were also been studied.The obtained results showed that the presence of PS could greatly improve the degradation and mineralization of CIP and that the degradation efficiency could reach 97.73%after only 40 min treatment with 4 m M PS addition.The increase of PS concentration,the lower CIP concentration,the acidic solution p H and the addition of metal ions(Fe^(2+)and Cu^(2+))enhanced the CIP degradation,while the existence of Cl^(-)and HCO_(3)^(-)had a negative effect.The experiments related to scavenger addition confirmed the contribution of the main reactive species to the CIP oxidation.Three probable degradation pathways were proposed by analyzing the inorganic ions and organic byproducts formed during the CIP degradation.The toxicity evaluation results of the CIP and its intermediates confirmed the effectiveness of the DBD–PS synergistic system.
