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A system dynamics approach for water resources policy analysis in arid land:a model for Manas River Basin 被引量:14
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作者 ShanShan DAI LanHai LI +2 位作者 HongGang XU XiangLiang PAN XueMei LI 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2013年第1期118-131,共14页
The Manas River Basin in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, similar to other arid regions, is facing water constraints which challenge decision-makers as to how to rationally allocate the available water resources to m... The Manas River Basin in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, similar to other arid regions, is facing water constraints which challenge decision-makers as to how to rationally allocate the available water resources to meet the demands from industries and natural ecosystems. Policies which integrate the supply and demand are needed to address the water stress issues. An object-oriented system dynamics model was developed to capture the interrelationships between water availability and increasing water demands from the growth of industries, agri- cultural production and the population through modeling the decision-making process of the water exploration ex- plicitly, in which water stress is used as a major indicator. The model is composed of four sectors: 1 ) natural surface and groundwater resources; 2) water demand; 3) the water exploitation process, including the decision to build reservoirs, canals and pumps; 4) water stress to which political and social systems respond through increasing the supply, limiting the growth or improving the water use efficiency. The model was calibrated using data from 1949 to 2009 for population growth, irrigated land area, industry output, perceived water stress, groundwater resources availability and the drying-out process of Manas River; and simulations were carried out from 2010 to 2050 on an annual time step. The comparison of results from calibration and observation showed that the model corresponds to observed behavior, and the simulated values fit the observed data and trends accurately. Sensitivity analysis showed that the model is robust to changes in model parameters related to population growth, land reclamation, pumping capacity and capital contribution to industry development capacity. Six scenarios were designed to inves- tigate the effectiveness of policy options in the area of reservoir relocation, urban water recycling, water demand control and groundwater pumping control. The simulation runs demonstrated that the technical solutions for im- proving water availability and water use efficiency are not sustainable. Acknowledging the carrying capacity of water resources and eliminating a growth-orientated value system are crucial for the sustainability of the Manas River Basin. 展开更多
关键词 water resources management sustainable development system dynamics modeling water stress arid river basin
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Mutual optimization of water utilization structure and industrial structure in arid inland river basins of Northwest China 被引量:14
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作者 BAO Chao FANG Chuanglin CHEN Fan 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2006年第1期87-98,共12页
Water is a key restricting factor of the economic development and eco-environmental protection in arid inland river basins of Northwest China. Although water supplies are short, the water utilization structure and the... Water is a key restricting factor of the economic development and eco-environmental protection in arid inland river basins of Northwest China. Although water supplies are short, the water utilization structure and the corresponding industrial structure are unbalanced. We constructed a System Dynamic Model for mutual optimization based on the mechanism of their interaction. This model is applied to the Heihe River Basin where the share of limited water resources among ecosystem, production and human living is optimized. Results show that, by mutual optimization, the water utilization structure and the industrial structures fit in with each other. And the relationships between the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin can be harmonized. Mutual benefits of ecology, society and economy can be reached, and a sustainable ecology-production-living system can be obtained. This study gives a new insight and method for the sustainable utilization of water resources in arid inland river basins. 展开更多
关键词 water utilization structure industrial structure mutual optimization System Dynamic Model arid inland river basins Northwest China
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Hydrological and water cycle processes of inland river basins in the arid region of Northwest China 被引量:13
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作者 CHEN Yaning LI Baofu +2 位作者 FAN Yuting SUN Congjian FANG Gonghuan 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第2期161-179,共19页
The increasing shortage in water resources is a key factor affecting sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC). Water shortages also affect the stability of the region's oa... The increasing shortage in water resources is a key factor affecting sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC). Water shortages also affect the stability of the region's oasis ecosystem. This paper summarizes the hydrological processes and water cycle of inland river basins in the ARNC, focusing on the following aspects: the spatial-temporal features of water resources(including air water vapor resources, runoff, and glacial meltwater) and their driving forces; the characteristics of streamflow composition in the inland river basins; the characteristics and main controlling factors of baseflow in the inland rivers; and anticipated future changes in hydrological processes and water resources. The results indicate that:(1) although the runoff in most inland rivers in the ARNC showed a significant increasing trend, both the glaciated area and glacial ice reserves have been reduced in the mountains;(2) snow melt and glacier melt are extremely important hydrological processes in the ARNC, especially in the Kunlun and Tianshan mountains;(3) baseflow in the inland rivers of the ARNC is the result of climate change and human activities, with the main driving factors being the reduction in forest area and the over-exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the river basins; and(4) the contradictions among water resources, ecology and economy will further increase in the future. The findings of this study might also help strengthen the ecological, economic and social sustainable development in the study region. 展开更多
关键词 water resources climate change river runoff BASEFLOW streamflow composition INLAND river basin arid region of NORTHWEST China
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Impact of land use change on water resource allocation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in northwestern China 被引量:29
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作者 YanYun NIAN Xin LI +1 位作者 Jian ZHOU XiaoLi HU 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第3期273-286,共14页
In recent decades, China has been experiencing rapid economic development, population growth and urbanization. These processes have stressed the shortages of water resources in China, especially in the arid re- gions ... In recent decades, China has been experiencing rapid economic development, population growth and urbanization. These processes have stressed the shortages of water resources in China, especially in the arid re- gions of northwestern China. In order to sustain the expanding cropland, people increased groundwater exploitation in these regions. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the changes in land use and water resources, and their relationship in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, a typical inland river basin in northwest China. The data of land use change were interpreted using aerial photographs (1965) and Landsat TM images (1986 and 2007). The data of irrigation water volume in the irrigation districts were spatialized in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The spatial variation of the groundwater depth was interpolated using the geo- statistical method. The results showed that the cultivated cropland area along oasis fringe increased by 15.38% and 43.60% during the periods 1965-1986 and 1986-2007, respectively. Surface water amount for irrigation had almost doubled from 1956 to 2010. The decrease of grassland area mainly occurred at the alluvial fan in front of the Qilian Mountains, with 36.47% during 1965-1986 and 38.56% during 1986-2007, respectively. The groundwater depth in front of the mountain constantly increased from 1986 to 2007. We found that the overuse of surface water and overexploitation of groundwater had direct consequences on the natural environments. We suggests that the efficiency of surface water resources use among different irrigation distdcts needs to be improved, which will significantly ease the conflicts between increasing water demand for irrigation and a shortage of water resources in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. 展开更多
关键词 watershed management land use GROUNDWATER IRRIGATION arid region Heihe river basin
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Vertical distribution and storage of soil organic and inorganic carbon in a typical inland river basin,Northwest China 被引量:5
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作者 YANG Fan HUANG Laiming +6 位作者 YANG Renmin YANG Fei LI Decheng ZHAO Yuguo YANG Jinling LIU Feng ZHANG Ganlin 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第2期183-201,共19页
Knowledge of soil carbon(C) distribution and its relationship with the environment can improve our understanding of its biogeochemical cycling and help to establish sound regional models of C cycling. However, such ... Knowledge of soil carbon(C) distribution and its relationship with the environment can improve our understanding of its biogeochemical cycling and help to establish sound regional models of C cycling. However, such knowledge is limited in environments with complex landscape configurations. In this study, we investigated the vertical distribution and storage of soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil inorganic carbon(SIC) in the 10 representative landscapes(alpine meadow, subalpine shrub and meadow, mountain grassland, mountain forest, typical steppe, desert steppe, Hexi Corridor oases cropland, Ruoshui River delta desert, Alxa Gobi desert, and sandy desert) with contrasting bioclimatic regimes in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. We also measured the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio in soil carbonate to understand the sources of SIC because the ratio can be used as a proxy in calculating the contribution of pedogenic inorganic carbon(PIC) to total SIC. Our results showed that SOC contents generally decreased with increasing soil depth in all landscapes, while SIC contents exhibited more complicated variations along soil profiles in relation to pedogenic processes and parent materials at the various landscapes. There were significant differences of C stocks in the top meter among different landscapes, with SOC storage ranging from 0.82 kg C/m^2 in sandy desert to 50.48 kg C/m^2 in mountain forest and SIC storage ranging from 0.19 kg C/m^2 in alpine meadow to 21.91 kg C/m^2 in desert steppe. SIC contributed more than 75% of total C pool when SOC storage was lower than 10 kg C/m^2, and the proportion of PIC to SIC was greater than 70% as calculated from Sr isotopic ratio, suggesting the critical role of PIC in the C budget of this region. The considerable variations of SOC and SIC in different landscapes were attributed to different pedogenic environments resulted from contrasting climatic regimes, parent materials and vegetation types. This study provides an evidence for a general trade-off pattern between SOC and SIC, showing the compensatory effects of environmental conditions(especially climate) on SOC and SIC formation in these landscapes. This is largely attributed to the fact that the overall decrease in temperature and increase in precipitation from arid deserts to alpine mountains simultaneously facilitate the accumulation of SOC and depletion of SIC. 展开更多
关键词 Heihe river basin arid ecosystem soil landscape PEDOGENESIS pedogenic carbonate SOC CACO3
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Water sources of plants and groundwater in typical ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin
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作者 YunFeng Ruan LiangJu Zhao +3 位作者 HongLang Xiao GuoDong Cheng MaoXian Zhou Fang Wang 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2014年第3期226-235,共10页
Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (δ18O and δD) of soil water and shallow groundwater of a riparian forest, an artificial shrub forest, and Gobi of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin are use... Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (δ18O and δD) of soil water and shallow groundwater of a riparian forest, an artificial shrub forest, and Gobi of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin are used to study the recharge water sources of those ecosystems. IsoSource software is used to determine the δ180 values for root water of Populous euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in the riparian forest ecosystem, Haloxylon ammodendron in the artificial shrub forest, and Reaumuria soongorica in the Gobi, as well as for local soil water and groundwater, and precipitation in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Our results showed that soil water and shallow groundwater of the riparian forest and the artificial shrub forest were recharged by river water which originated from precipitation in the upper reaches, and strong evaporation occurred in the artificial shrub forest. Soil water of the Gobi was not affected by Heihe River water due to this area being far away from the river channel. The main water sources of Populous euphratica were from 40-60-cm soil water and groundwater, and of Tamarix ramosissima were from 40-80-cm soil water in the riparian forest ecosystem. In the artificial forest, Haloxylon ammodendron used 200-cm saturated-layer soil water and shallow groundwater. The Reaumuria soongorica mainly used soil water from the 175-200-cm depth in the Gobi. Therefore, soil water and groundwater are the main water sources which maintain survival and growth of the plants in the extremely arid regions of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin. 展开更多
关键词 stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition (δD and δa80) extremely arid regions lower reaches of theHeihe river basin plant water sources
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SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND ITS RELATION WITH CLIMATE PARAMETERS IN THE PEARL RIVER BASIN,CHINA
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作者 吴萍 李修仓 +3 位作者 苏布达 占明锦 王艳君 姜彤 《Journal of Tropical Meteorology》 SCIE 2017年第1期81-90,共10页
Spatio-temporal variation of actual evapotranspiration(ETa) in the Pearl River basin from 1961 to 2010 are analyzed based on daily data from 60 national observed stations. ETa is calculated by the Advection-Aridity mo... Spatio-temporal variation of actual evapotranspiration(ETa) in the Pearl River basin from 1961 to 2010 are analyzed based on daily data from 60 national observed stations. ETa is calculated by the Advection-Aridity model(AA model) in the current study, and Mann-Kendall test(MK) and Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation method(IDW)were applied to detect the trends and spatial variation pattern. The relations of ETa with climate parameters and radiation/dynamic terms are analyzed by Person correlation method. Our findings are shown as follows: 1) Mean annual ETa in the Pearl River basin is about 665.6 mm/a. It has significantly decreased in 1961-2010 at a rate of-24.3mm/10 a. Seasonally, negative trends of summer and autumn ETa are higher than that of spring and winter. 2) The value of ETa is higher in the southeast coastal area than in the northwest region of the Pearl River basin, while the latter has shown the strongest negative trend. 3) Negative trends of ETa in the Pearl River basin are most probably due to decreasing radiation term and increasing dynamic term. The decrease of the radiation term is related with declining diurnal temperature range and sunshine duration, and rising atmospheric pressure as well. The contribution of dynamic term comes from increasing average temperature, maximum and minimum temperatures in the basin. Meanwhile, the decreasing average wind speed weakens dynamic term and finally, to a certain extent, it slows down the negative trend of the ETa. 展开更多
关键词 complementary relationship theory advection-aridity model actual evapotranspiration spatio-temporal variation Pearl river basin
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渭北旱塬不同年限撂荒地土壤酶活性及其化学计量变化特征 被引量:3
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作者 雷跻初 刘小伟 +3 位作者 邓军 程杰 程积民 郭梁 《水土保持研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期44-52,共9页
[目的]探究渭北旱塬区不同年限撂荒地的土壤养分、胞外酶活性及其化学计量的变化特征及影响因素,以期为渭北旱塬区撂荒地的改善与管理提供一定的理论依据。[方法]以渭北旱塬不同年限(5 a, 10 a, 20 a, 25 a和33 a)的撂荒地为研究对象,... [目的]探究渭北旱塬区不同年限撂荒地的土壤养分、胞外酶活性及其化学计量的变化特征及影响因素,以期为渭北旱塬区撂荒地的改善与管理提供一定的理论依据。[方法]以渭北旱塬不同年限(5 a, 10 a, 20 a, 25 a和33 a)的撂荒地为研究对象,测定了土壤养分和参与土壤碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)循环的5种胞外酶活性,随后利用单因素方差分析、土壤胞外酶化学计量学模型和主坐标分析(PCoA)研究不同撂荒年限下土壤养分和胞外酶活性及其生态化学计量的变化规律及影响因子。[结果]随着撂荒年限的增加,土壤C和N获取酶活性显著减小,而P获取酶活性显著增加;土壤C、N和P含量变化与酶活性变化趋势相反。随撂荒年限延长,土壤微生物的C限制得到缓解,P限制逐渐加强。PCoA拟合环境因子分析结果显示:土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、总磷(TP)、速效氮(AN)和速效磷(AP)含量是驱动酶活性及其计量比变化的关键因子。[结论]撂荒对土壤养分状况具有显著改善作用,但随撂荒时间延长(20 a以上)会加剧微生物P限制,因此对经过长年撂荒的土地应当适量施用磷肥,以改善其土壤状况。 展开更多
关键词 渭北旱塬 不同撂荒年限 土壤酶活性 生态化学计量
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基于生态系统恢复力的干旱区植被生态需水阈值计算方法与应用 被引量:1
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作者 雷逸甦 粟晓玲 +2 位作者 褚江东 张特 刘雨翰 《湖泊科学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期645-656,共12页
本文以石羊河流域中下游为研究区,采用考虑生态系统恢复力(latitude of ecosystem resilience,LER)的月尺度生态需水评估方法计算19822020年植被月适宜生态需水量、最小生态需水量以及相应的生态缺水量,并与土壤水分特征值法(characteri... 本文以石羊河流域中下游为研究区,采用考虑生态系统恢复力(latitude of ecosystem resilience,LER)的月尺度生态需水评估方法计算19822020年植被月适宜生态需水量、最小生态需水量以及相应的生态缺水量,并与土壤水分特征值法(characteristic value of soil water,CVSW)进行比较,分析不同类型植被生长期的水分盈亏关系。结果表明:LER法和CVSW法计算结果相近,但LER法具有更大的生态需水阈值区间;天然降水基本可以满足植被的基本生存,但无法满足正常生长需求;LER法的适宜需水条件下,各植被生长期总体处于缺水状态,缺水严重程度排序为灌木林>其他林地>疏林地>高覆盖度草地>中覆盖度草地>有林地,全部植被生长期总适宜生态需水量为3.7×10^(8)m^(3),亏缺水量为1.2×10^(8)m^(3),同一植被亏缺水量基本符合春秋多、夏季少的规律;最小需水条件下,只有其他林地存在生长期缺水情况,全部植被生长期总最小生态需水量为0.8×10^(8)m^(3);在缺乏土壤水分数据的干旱地区,LER法具有良好的适用性。研究结果可为石羊河流域水资源高效利用和干旱区生态系统的恢复与重建提供理论参考。 展开更多
关键词 生态需水 生态系统恢复力 干旱区植被 石羊河流域 PENMAN-MONTEITH公式
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1961-2020年黄河流域干燥度时空变化及其对植被NDVI的影响
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作者 申露婷 姬兴杰 +2 位作者 朱业玉 田宏伟 刘美 《气象与环境学报》 2024年第3期106-114,共9页
基于黄河流域224个气象站点1961—2020年气象数据和2000—2020年MODIS的归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,分析干燥度时空分布规律及其对NDVI的影响。结果表明:1961—2020年黄河流域年平均干燥度气候倾向率为-0.03·(10 a)^(-1),其多年平... 基于黄河流域224个气象站点1961—2020年气象数据和2000—2020年MODIS的归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,分析干燥度时空分布规律及其对NDVI的影响。结果表明:1961—2020年黄河流域年平均干燥度气候倾向率为-0.03·(10 a)^(-1),其多年平均值为2.56;从各站变化的区域分布看,黄河流域北部站点变化以下降为主(52.2%),中部以南站点以上升为主(41.5%)。在空间上,黄河流域干燥度总体呈西北高、东南低,表现为上游(3.74)>中游(1.99)>下游(1.74),上游地区包含干旱亚区、半干旱亚区和半湿润亚区,中游和下游地区大多为半湿润亚区。逐步回归分析显示,干燥度主要受降水量的影响,大部分地区年均干燥度减少是由太阳总辐射减少、降水量增加和气温降低造成的。2000—2020年黄河流域NDVI平均值为0.30,在空间上整体呈东南高、西北低,上游较小、下游最高;与干燥度呈极显著负相关(r=-0.52,P<0.01,n=224),特别是在上中游地区。 展开更多
关键词 黄河流域 干燥度 归一化植被指数(NDVI)
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流域绿洲土壤盐分多模型反演效果评估
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作者 龙威夷 施建飞 +2 位作者 李双媛 孙金金 王玉刚 《干旱区研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第7期1120-1130,共11页
为更好地实现区域土壤盐分的监测和治理,促进绿洲可持续发展,本文基于气候、地形、植被等相关数据,结合三工河流域平原绿洲土壤表层盐分调查,对比评估不同模型(随机森林,支持向量机,决策树,普通克里金)土壤盐分反演效果。结果表明:绿洲... 为更好地实现区域土壤盐分的监测和治理,促进绿洲可持续发展,本文基于气候、地形、植被等相关数据,结合三工河流域平原绿洲土壤表层盐分调查,对比评估不同模型(随机森林,支持向量机,决策树,普通克里金)土壤盐分反演效果。结果表明:绿洲土壤样本盐分含量为0.29~30.18 g·kg^(-1),平均值为4.06 g·kg^(-1),变异系数为149.73%,属于强变异;随机森林模型相较于其他模型具有更高的反演精度,决定系数、均方根误差和绝对平均误差分别为0.73、1.89 g·kg^(-1)和1.49 g·kg^(-1);随机森林模型反演显示,高值区主要分布在西北部和中部区域,并且在9种环境协变量中,高程和地下水矿化度对土壤盐分反演精度影响较大。总的来说,以随机森林模型为手段的机器学习方法,不仅能够避免数据的平滑效应和图斑边界两侧的突变,还能有助于识别绿洲局部空间盐分状况,研究结果可为干旱区绿洲土壤盐渍化的长期监测提供技术和方法参考。 展开更多
关键词 机器学习 土壤盐分 空间分布 三工河流域 干旱区
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Effects of climate change on relationship between water and salts of waters ecosystems in arid zone, China
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作者 Junfang HUANG Ranghui WANG 《Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry》 EI CAS 2006年第B08期163-164,共2页
关键词 干旱地区 水生生态 盐度 气候变化
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基于RS的茂县干旱河谷裸土时空变化分析
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作者 张好 杨小芳 +4 位作者 罗智 杨育林 尤继勇 陈德朝 贺维 《四川林业科技》 2023年第1期91-97,共7页
茂县是岷江流域干旱河谷分布的典型地区,水土流失严重,裸土区域分布广,通过遥感及地理信息技术对茂县主要干旱河谷区域2000年以来的裸土分布时空变化进行分析,应用裸土指数提取法统计该区域地表裸土的时空变化。研究表明,2000—2020年间... 茂县是岷江流域干旱河谷分布的典型地区,水土流失严重,裸土区域分布广,通过遥感及地理信息技术对茂县主要干旱河谷区域2000年以来的裸土分布时空变化进行分析,应用裸土指数提取法统计该区域地表裸土的时空变化。研究表明,2000—2020年间,茂县干旱河谷区域裸土面积共减少4 898.7 hm2,主要集中在沙坝镇、沟口镇、叠溪镇和凤仪镇区域,海拔分布在1 400~2 600 m之间。在近20年间,裸土面积呈先上升再逐步减少的趋势,客观反映了茂县干旱河谷裸土分布受地震灾害、生态治理等综合影响,分析结果表明通过人为治理可显著减少干旱河谷区域裸土面积,有效治理水土流失情况。 展开更多
关键词 干旱河谷 遥感 裸土指数 岷江流域
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基于格尔木河流域的SWAT模型水文特征情景模拟研究 被引量:4
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作者 邰理想 饶文波 +3 位作者 檀涛 谭红兵 姜三元 张西营 《水文》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第2期46-51,共6页
以2008—2016年格尔木河流域实测径流量数据为基础,构建SWAT分布式水文模型,采用SUFI-2算法进行参数率定、验证及不确定性分析,并设置不同的气候情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP6.0),预测流域2022—2050年的径流变化趋势,分析了研究区未来降... 以2008—2016年格尔木河流域实测径流量数据为基础,构建SWAT分布式水文模型,采用SUFI-2算法进行参数率定、验证及不确定性分析,并设置不同的气候情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP6.0),预测流域2022—2050年的径流变化趋势,分析了研究区未来降水、气温的变化趋势并探究了这些气候要素对格尔木河流域径流的影响。结果表明:(1)SWAT模型在格尔木河流域径流过程的模拟中具有较好的适用性,率定期R2和ENS分别为0.84和0.73,验证期R2和ENS分别为0.74和0.70;(2)径流预测不确定性较小;(3)未来流域降水呈现增加趋势而气温降低;(4)未来时段流域径流增加显著,且降水是控制流域径流的主要因素。 展开更多
关键词 SWAT模型 高寒干旱区 格尔木河流域 气候变化 径流模拟预测
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岷江上游生态脆弱性时空分异及驱动因子交互效应分析——以杂谷脑河流域为例 被引量:1
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作者 肖成志 计扬 +3 位作者 李建忠 张志 巴仁基 曹亚廷 《生态环境学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第10期1760-1770,共11页
岷江上游是中国重要的生态屏障,特别是干旱河谷区不但生态环境脆弱,而且是人类活动主要区域。2008年5·12地震对该区域生态环境造成了重大影响。为探索5·12地震前后岷江上游生态环境变化状况,同时探究该区域生态脆弱性驱动机制... 岷江上游是中国重要的生态屏障,特别是干旱河谷区不但生态环境脆弱,而且是人类活动主要区域。2008年5·12地震对该区域生态环境造成了重大影响。为探索5·12地震前后岷江上游生态环境变化状况,同时探究该区域生态脆弱性驱动机制,以杂谷脑河流域为例,从“自然环境-地质地貌-地质灾害-社会环境”4个维度选取了14个评价指标,基于空间主成分分析对该区域5·12地震震前(2001年)、震后(2009年)及现状(2020年)生态脆弱性进行评价。基于地理探测器分析了生态脆弱性影响因子,并计算交互效应变异比量化了驱动因子的个体效应(直接影响)和交互效应(间接影响)。结果表明,相对于震前震后区域内潜在和轻度脆弱区面积减少,微度、中度和重度脆弱区面积增加,生态脆弱性增强;经多年恢复现今区域内潜在、微度和轻度脆弱区域面积增加,中度、重度脆弱区域面积有不同程度的减少,生态脆弱性降低。岷山、邛崃山冰蚀、冰缘极高山、高山区轻度和重度脆弱区分布最广面积占比分别为25.8%和36.3%,生态脆弱性最高;干旱河谷区微度和轻度脆弱区面积分布最广面积占比分别为46.6%和33.9%,生态脆弱性较高;其他区域主要为潜在脆弱区面积占比均在74.5%以上,生态脆弱性低。高程、生物丰度指数、植被覆盖度、水源涵养指数和干旱指数是区域内生态脆弱性主要驱动因子,其中,高程是最直接的影响因子,而植被覆盖度和水源涵养指数对生态脆弱性间接影响力不断加强,干旱指数在气候干燥时期对生态脆弱性直接影响力增强,生物丰度指数对生态脆弱性直接影响显著,但在震后对研究区生态脆弱性间接影响增强。 展开更多
关键词 生态脆弱性评价 驱动因子 交互效应变异比 地理探测器 干旱河谷区 杂谷脑河流域
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Assessing the evolution of oases in arid regions by reconstructing their historic spatio-temporal distribution: a case study of the Heihe River Basin, China 被引量:4
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作者 Yaowen XIE Guisheng WANG +1 位作者 Xueqiang WANG Peilei FAN 《Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2017年第4期629-642,共14页
Oasis evolution, one of the most obvious surface processes in arid regions, affects various aspects of the regional environment, such as hydrological processes, ecological conditions, and microclimates. In this paper,... Oasis evolution, one of the most obvious surface processes in arid regions, affects various aspects of the regional environment, such as hydrological processes, ecological conditions, and microclimates. In this paper, the historical spatio-temporal evolution of the cultivated oases in the Heihe River Basin, the second largest inland watershed in the northwest of China, was assessed using multidisciplinary methods and data from multiple sources, including historical literature, ancient sites, maps and remotely sensed images. The findings show that cultivated oases were first developed on a large scale during the Han Dynasty (121 BC-220) and then gradually decreased in extent from the Six Dynasties period (220-581) to the Sui- Tang period (581-907), reaching a minimum in the Song- Yuan period (960-1368). An abrupt revival occurred during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and continued through the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), and during the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949), oasis development reached its greatest peak of the entire historical period. The oasis areas during seven major historical periods, i.e., Hart, Six Dynasties, Sui-Tang, Song-Yuan, Ming, Qing, and Republic of China, are estimated to have been 1703 kma, 1115 km2, 629 km2, 614 km2, 964 km2, 1205 km2, and 1917 km2, respectively. The spatial distribution generally exhibited a continuous sprawl process, with the center of the oases moving gradually from the downstream region to the middle and even upstream regions. The oases along the main river remained stable during most periods, whereas those close to the terminal reaches were subject to frequent variations and even abandonment. Socio-economic factors were the main forces driving the evolution of cultivated oases in the area; among them, political and societal stability, national defense, agricultural policy, population, and technological progress were the most important. 展开更多
关键词 Heihe river basin cultivated oasis spatio-temporal process arid region driving factors landscape change
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干旱区流域生态水文耦合模拟与调控的若干思考 被引量:19
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作者 严登华 王浩 +2 位作者 杨舒媛 刘明国 霍竹 《地球科学进展》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2008年第7期773-778,共6页
系统识别全球变化和高强度人类活动影响下干旱区流域生态水文耦合作用机制及演变规律,并通过综合生态水文调控,构建健康水循环和生态安全格局,是干旱区流域亟待解决的关键科学问题。传统的基于水文过程与生态过程的分离模拟与调控,尚不... 系统识别全球变化和高强度人类活动影响下干旱区流域生态水文耦合作用机制及演变规律,并通过综合生态水文调控,构建健康水循环和生态安全格局,是干旱区流域亟待解决的关键科学问题。传统的基于水文过程与生态过程的分离模拟与调控,尚不能满足上述实践需求;需结合原型观测与实验,对大气模式、水文模型、生态模式(包括天然生态模拟模型和作物生长模式)进行耦合开发,构建具有统一物理机制的流域生态水文模型。以此为支撑,对干旱区流域生态水文过程演变规律及阈值特征进行系统识别;并结合水生态服务功能评价,提出流域生态安全修复及水资源合理配置与调度方案;制定有效的风险管理措施,对流域生态水文过程进行动态调控。 展开更多
关键词 干旱区流域 生态水文过程 “自然-人工”二元驱动 耦合模拟 综合调控
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黑河流域水资源信息系统设计 被引量:24
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作者 李新 程国栋 +3 位作者 丁永建 卢玲 马明国 郭晓寅 《中国沙漠》 CSCD 北大核心 2000年第4期378-382,共5页
建立黑河流域水资源信息系统的目标是为黑河流域水资源合理利用与经济社会和生态环境协调发展的研究提供基础数据和技术支撑 ,并辅助建立流域决策支持系统和水资源模型。本文介绍黑河流域水资源信息系统的设计和应用 ,共包括 2 7个图层... 建立黑河流域水资源信息系统的目标是为黑河流域水资源合理利用与经济社会和生态环境协调发展的研究提供基础数据和技术支撑 ,并辅助建立流域决策支持系统和水资源模型。本文介绍黑河流域水资源信息系统的设计和应用 ,共包括 2 7个图层的空间数据、40a气候和水文序列、以及部分NOAAAVHRR和TM遥感数据 ,是我国西北内陆河流域最完整的水资源信息系统之一 。 展开更多
关键词 地理信息系统 水资源 水文 干旱区 黑河流域
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黑河流域水资源合理开发利用研究 被引量:16
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作者 蓝永超 康尔泗 +2 位作者 张济世 胡兴林 陈仁升 《兰州大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第5期108-114,共7页
长期以来黑河流域水资源总量的不足 ,诱发了上下游之间、经济用水与生态和环境之间等一系列用水矛盾发生 .根据有关水文气象资料及前期研究成果对黑河流域水资源数量、特征、利用现状及供需平衡进行了分析研究 .结果表明 ,目前黑河流域... 长期以来黑河流域水资源总量的不足 ,诱发了上下游之间、经济用水与生态和环境之间等一系列用水矛盾发生 .根据有关水文气象资料及前期研究成果对黑河流域水资源数量、特征、利用现状及供需平衡进行了分析研究 .结果表明 ,目前黑河流域水资源已呈现出严重不足 ,并且由此引起了流域内许多地方尤其是下游额济纳地区生态与环境的急剧恶化 .究其原因 ,固然与内陆地区气候干旱等先天不利条件有很大的关系 ,但最主要的原因还是人类对水资源的开发利用不当造成的 .因此 ,在区域社会经济的发展中 ,应充分考虑水资源的制约条件 ,从可持续发展的角度出发 。 展开更多
关键词 合理开发利用 内陆干旱区 黑河流域 天然水资源 生态环境 可持续发展 资源量
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黑河流域景观结构分析 被引量:125
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作者 卢玲 李新 +1 位作者 程国栋 肖洪浪 《生态学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2001年第8期1217-1224,T001,共9页
在黑河流域土地利用分类的基础上 ,利用地理信息系统进行流域景观制图 ,划分出 6个景观区。利用景观结构分析软件 FRAGSTATS在流域尺度上计算了各景观区的多种景观结构指标。结果表明 :山区的景观结构特征突出表现为连通性强 ,拼块形状... 在黑河流域土地利用分类的基础上 ,利用地理信息系统进行流域景观制图 ,划分出 6个景观区。利用景观结构分析软件 FRAGSTATS在流域尺度上计算了各景观区的多种景观结构指标。结果表明 :山区的景观结构特征突出表现为连通性强 ,拼块形状复杂。绿洲 -荒漠区的景观结构特征表现为 ,绿洲主要沿河流和渠道分布 ,是镶嵌在荒漠基质上的景观异质体。绿洲是干旱区景观结构最复杂 ,类型最丰富 ,景观多样性最高的地区 ,但不同景观区的绿洲其景观结构有显著的差异。荒漠和绿洲的过渡地带的过渡生态类型丰富 ,其共同的景观结构特征是拼块破碎、呈团聚状分布。在极端干旱的北部阿拉善高平原 ,裸露戈壁是景观模地 ,占据绝对优势 ,蔓延度极高 ,其它类型是面积相对很小的异质镶嵌体。文章最后指出 ,在使用 展开更多
关键词 景观结构 景观指标 干旱区 地理信息系统 黑河流域
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