Rape bee pollen has attracted increasing interests for its excellent protective effect against chemicalinduced liver injury owing to its abundant polyphenols.This study aims to analyze the types and contents of phenol...Rape bee pollen has attracted increasing interests for its excellent protective effect against chemicalinduced liver injury owing to its abundant polyphenols.This study aims to analyze the types and contents of phenolamides(seldom concerned)in rape bee pollen and their protective mechanism on alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Different from the previous finding that flavonoids are dominant polyphenols in bee pollen polyphenolic extract,our results demonstrated that there are only three flavonoids but 24 phenolamides in the as-prepared rape bee pollen phenolic extract(PPE).In addition,PPE was found to significantly improve the viability(from 54.9%to 84.1%,89.2%,and 94.0%)of alcohol-induced AML12 cells and alleviate alcoholinduced cell apoptosis(from 28.5%to 22.89%,22.0%,and 17.4%).To dissect the underlying mechanism for the protective effect of PPE against ALD,the molecular pathway was identified by RNA-Seq analysis.Transcriptome data revealed that PPE may protect against ALD by decreasing inflammation,cholesterol,and fatty acid synthesis(P<0.05).The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)model was used to further evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of PPE in vivo,and the results validated that PPE could alleviate liver injury and hepatic steatosis(from 22.7%to 11.5%and 10.9%)induced by alcohol.As the dominant polyphenols in PPE,phenolamides can be a class of valuable polyphenolic compounds in bee pollen with the potential to alleviate ALD.展开更多
The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were i...The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were investigated,and their antioxidant activities and in vitro digestion were explored in this study.Results showed that the content of nutrients in bee pollen increased after wall disruption.Among them,fat content increased by 22.55%-8.31%,protein content increased by 0.54%-4.91%,starch content increased by 36.31%-48.64%,soluble sugar content increased by 20.57%-29.67%,total phenolic acid content increased by 11.73%-86.98%and total flavonoids content increased by 14.29%-24.79%.At the same time,the antioxidant activity increased by 14.84%-46.00%.Furthermore,the active components such as phenolic compounds in the wall-disruption bee pollen were more readily to be released during the in vitro digestion,and easier to be absorbed because of their higher bioaccessibility.Antioxidant activities during in vitro digestion were also improved in walldisruption bee pollen.These findings provide evidence that bee pollen wall disruption was suggested,thus,it is more conducive to exerting the value of bee pollen in functional foods.展开更多
The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed ...The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),freeze drying(FD),infrared drying(IRD),hot-air drying(HAD)and sun drying(SD)on free amino acids(FAAs),α-dicarbonyl compounds(α-DCs)and volatile compounds(VOCs)in rape bee pollen(RBP)were determined.The results showed that FD significantly released the essential amino acids(EAAs)compared with fresh samples while SD caused the highest loss.Glucosone was the dominantα-DCs in RBP and the highest loss was observed after PVD.Aldehydes were the dominant volatiles of RBP and SD samples contained more new volatile substances(especially aldehydes)than the other four drying methods.Comprehensively,FD and PVD would be potential methods to effectively reduce the quality deterioration of RBP in the drying process.展开更多
Food allergy as a global health problem threatens food industry.Bee pollen(BP)is a typical food with allergenic potentials,although it performs various nutritional/pharmacological functions to humans.In this study,lac...Food allergy as a global health problem threatens food industry.Bee pollen(BP)is a typical food with allergenic potentials,although it performs various nutritional/pharmacological functions to humans.In this study,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)were used to ferment Brassica napus BP for alleviating its allergenicity.Four novel allergens(glutaredoxin,oleosin-B2,catalase and lipase)were identified with significant decreases in LAB-fermented BP(FBP)than natural BP by proteomics.Meanwhile,metabolomics analysis showed significant increases of 28 characteristic oligopeptides and amino acids in FBP versus BP,indicating the degradation of LAB on allergens.Moreover,FBP showed alleviatory effects in BALB/c mice,which relieved pathological symptoms and lowered production of allergic mediators.Microbial high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that FBP could regulate gut microbiota and metabolism to strengthen immunity,which were closely correlated with the alleviation of allergic reactivity.These findings could contribute to the development and utilization of hypoallergenic BP products.展开更多
[ Objective] To explore the effects of different proportion of bee pollen on the water holding capacity of pork in Duroc Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs in order to determine the optimal proportion. [ Met...[ Objective] To explore the effects of different proportion of bee pollen on the water holding capacity of pork in Duroc Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs in order to determine the optimal proportion. [ Method] A total of 80 Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs, weighing （10.0 ± 1.0） kg, were randomly divided into five groups. The experimental period was 120 d including the 5-day pre-feecling period. The corn-soybean meal was not replaced during the whole period. All pigs had free access to feed and water. The pigs were fasting for 24 h but not prohibited from feed before the beginning. Group I was the control group reared with the diet not supplemented bee pollen. The pigs in group II, III ,IV and V were reared with the diet supplemented bee pollen at the concentration of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%, respectively. After slaughtering, eye muscle was used for determination of water holding capacity through fast filter paper method, drip loss method, cooking loss method and Na- pole yield determination method. [ Resultl With the increase of the proportion of bee pollen, the water holding capacity of pork was first good and then poor. The addition of bee pollen at the concentration of 5% significantly reduced the drip loss of pork and the water holding capacity which was detected by fast filter paper method, but the cooking loss and Napole yield were not significantly influenced. [ Condmion] The bee pollen can effectively improve the water holding capacity of pork in Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs, and the optimal proportion is 5%.展开更多
Bee pollen has potential in preventing metabolic syndrome(MetS).The present study aimed to investigate the effect of yeast-fermented wall-broken bee pollen(YB)intervention on ICR mice with MetS induced with a high-fat...Bee pollen has potential in preventing metabolic syndrome(MetS).The present study aimed to investigate the effect of yeast-fermented wall-broken bee pollen(YB)intervention on ICR mice with MetS induced with a high-fat(HF)diet.After YB intervention in mice for 16 weeks,the effect on alleviating MetS was evaluated based on MetS serum parameters,hepatic oxidant status markers and gut microbial populations.The results of animal experiment showed that YB intervention attenuated MetS.Based on multivariate statistical analysis results,YB treatment signifi cantly increased glutathione S-transferase(GST)and catalase(CAT)activities and decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA)level in the liver.Further investigation showed that YB restored the Nrf-2-Keap-1 pathway to alleviate oxidative stress.Additionally,gut microbial community analysis revealed that YB restored the increase in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio(6.94 for the HF group and 3.74 for HF+YB group)and improved Lactobacillus and Lactococcus abundance induced by the HF diet.Overall,YB improved function and prevented MetS by modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating oxidative stress.展开更多
The proposed work aims to study phenol components （flavonoids） of bee bread and pollen obtained in Georgia using the HPLC （high-performance liquid chromatography） method, and to determine the content of biological...The proposed work aims to study phenol components （flavonoids） of bee bread and pollen obtained in Georgia using the HPLC （high-performance liquid chromatography） method, and to determine the content of biologically active compounds in them. The samples were taken in lmereti region （west Georgia）. After extraction of samples, there were carried out spectral and HPLC analysis of compounds for the sake of qualitative and quantitative research of them. There are studied the flavonoid compounds of bee bread and pollen by using the HPLC methods, and naringin, rutin and quercetin are identified. Their amount counts about 20% of full content of flavonoids. The content of flavonols in bee bread and pollen has been established. It also has been determined that the amount of flavonoids during the storage period of products reduces to 6.17-5.03 g.kg-1.展开更多
Feeding growth test of Xenocypris davidi Bleeker was carried out in outdoor ponds for 8 weeks.Three experimental group feeds were made by adding bee pollen to the basic feed at the dosage of 1%,2%and 3%,with fish meal...Feeding growth test of Xenocypris davidi Bleeker was carried out in outdoor ponds for 8 weeks.Three experimental group feeds were made by adding bee pollen to the basic feed at the dosage of 1%,2%and 3%,with fish meal,soybean meal,cotton meal and vegetable meal as protein source,and soybean oil as fat source for basic feed.The results showed that the sexual maturation rates of the parent fish in the bee pollen group with the addition of 2%and 3%were signi ficantly higher than that in the control group and the bee pollen group with the addition of 1%(P<0.05).From the perspective of egg quality,egg diameter,fertilization rate,hatching rate and the length of membrane larvae in the control group were significantly lower than that in the bee pollen group(P<0.05).From the perspective of sperm quality,the addition of high proportion of bee pollen in the diet of parental fish can significantly improve the reproductive performance of male parental fish(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the addition of 2%bee pollen increased sperm density by 45.3%,sperm motility by 12.7%and the rate of sperm malformation by 21.0%.All things considered,the best amount of yellowtail was 2%bee pollen.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to verify whether chestnut bee pollen can be used as feed for breeding chickens and its appropriate addition proportion.[Method]A total of 92444-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeders of parent ge...[Objective]The paper was to verify whether chestnut bee pollen can be used as feed for breeding chickens and its appropriate addition proportion.[Method]A total of 92444-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeders of parent generation with a male to female ratio of 1∶10 were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 3 replicates in each group and 7 cocks and 70 hens in each replicate.The broiler breeders in the control group were fed with the basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed with the diets supplemented with 0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%chestnut bee pollen.The feeding trial lasted 35 d.[Result]Addition of chestnut bee pollen at different proportions improved the laying rate of breeder hens in different degrees.The experimental group supplemented with 1.5%chestnut bee pollen increased the laying rate by 9.1%,reduced the rate of unqualified eggs(broken eggs,cracked eggs,thin shelled eggs and hard shelled eggs)by 71.4%,increased the fertilization rate of hatching eggs and healthy chick rate by 4.4%and 5.2%,and improved the concentrations of testosterone(T),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)in breeder cocks by 60.8%,32.3%and 61.4%,respectively.Statistical analysis showed that the results were significantly different.[Conclusion]Addition of chestnut bee pollen at certain concentration can improve the reproductive performance of breeder cocks and breeder hens,and improve the body immunity.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative effect of methanolic bee pollen extract(BPE) of Malaysian stingless bee [Lepidotrigona terminata(L. terminata)]and its synergistic effect with cisplatin(a c...Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative effect of methanolic bee pollen extract(BPE) of Malaysian stingless bee [Lepidotrigona terminata(L. terminata)]and its synergistic effect with cisplatin(a chemotherapeutic drug) on MCF-7 cancer cell line.Methods: The antioxidant activity of BPE from L. terminata was measured by using1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH) assay. Antiproliferative activity at different concentrations of BPE and cisplatin was determined through using MTT assay on MCF-7 and L929 cell lines. An interaction effect(synergistic, additive and antagonistic) between BPE and cisplatin was determined by Compu Syn software based on MTT assay data.Results: The EC50(50% decrement of DPPH inhibition) of BPE was 0.5 mg/m L.L. terminata BPE exhibited antiproliferative activity on both cancer and normal cell lines.The IC50(concentration of drug that was required for 50% of cell inhibition in vitro) of BPE on MCF-7 was 15 mg/m L whereas in normal cell line L929 was 26 mg/m L. The IC50 for cisplatin on MCF-7 was 20 mmol/L. The combination effect of BPE and cisplatin on MCF-7 cells showed that BPE at 15 mg/m L was able to potentiate the inhibitory effect of cisplatin at all different concentrations(2.5–20.0 mg/m L). The average of cancer cells inhibition which was potentiated by BPE was around 50%. A combination index values of less than 1 reported in the Compu Syn software further proved the synergistic effect between BPE and cisplatin, suggesting that BPE was working synergistically with cisplatin.Conclusions: Our study therefore suggested that BPE of Malaysian stingless bee,L. terminata is a potential chemopreventive agent and can be used as a supplementary treatment for chemotherapy drugs. BPE might be able to be used to potentiate the effect of chemotherapy drugs with the possibility to reduce the required dose of the drugs. The molecular mechanisms of how the BPE exerts antiproliferative activity will be a much interesting area to look for in future studies.展开更多
Bee pollen is currently one of the most widely consumed dietary supplements due to its high nutritional value and its potentially beneficial effects on health. Unfortunately, in recent years an increase in the fraudul...Bee pollen is currently one of the most widely consumed dietary supplements due to its high nutritional value and its potentially beneficial effects on health. Unfortunately, in recent years an increase in the fraudulent marketing of this product has been detected, mainly in terms of adulteration with pollen from other sources. This has made it necessary to seek new tools to ensure its authentication. Therefore, this study investigates the use of free amino acids as markers of the geographical origin and harvesting period of bee pollen. To demonstrate their potential as biomarkers, 72 samples from four apiaries (Pistacho, Tío Natalio, Monte and Fuentelahiguera), located in the same geographical area (Marchamalo, Guadalajara, Spain), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection, with the data obtained undergoing canonical discriminant analysis. Variable amounts and numbers of free amino acids were found in the samples analyzed;proline predominated in all of them, in a concentration range of 298–569989 mg/kg. The differences observed in amino acid composition could be attributed to the flowering plants from which the bee pollen samples originated. In addition, it was possible to statistically assign over 75% of the samples to the corresponding apiary of origin, the best results being obtained for the Fuentelahiguera and Tío Natalio apiaries (100%);this classification was even superior in the case of the harvesting periods, as more than 90% of the samples were correctly assigned, and in one period (June) a 100% rate was obtained.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to investigate the nutraceutical potential of monofloral Indian mustard bee pollen （MIMBP）. METHODS： The nutritional value of MIMBP was examined in terms of proteins, fats, carbo...OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to investigate the nutraceutical potential of monofloral Indian mustard bee pollen （MIMBP）. METHODS： The nutritional value of MIMBP was examined in terms of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and energy value. Its chemical composition in terms of total polyphenol and flavonoid content was determined. MIMBP was screened for free flavonoid aglycones by developing and validating a high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array （HPLC-PDA） method. MIMBP was analyzed for in vitro antioxidant effect in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging activity. RESULTS： MIMBP was found to be comprised of proteins （（182.2±5.9） g/kg）, fats （（137.7±6.8） g/kg） and carbohydrates （（560.6±17.4） g/kg）, which result in its high energy value （（17 616.7±78.6） kJ/kg）. MIMBP was found to contain polyphenols （（18 286.1±374.0） mg gallic acid equivalent/kg） and flavonoids （（1 223.5±53.1） mg quercetin equivalent/kg）. The HPLC-PDA analysis revealed the presence of kaempferol （（65.4±0.5） mg/kg） and quercefin （（51.4±0.4） mg/kg） in MIMBP, which can be used as markers for determining the quality of bee pollen. The MIMBP extract showed DPPH free radical-scavenging activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 54.79 μg/mL. CONCLUSION： The MIMBP was found to be a rich source of nutrients providing high caloric value, which makes it a candidate for a potential nutraceutical agent. The study also illustrated the high antioxidant content of MIMBP, especially in the principle polyphenols and flavonoids, which suggests its potential role in the prevention of free radical-implicated diseases. The DPPH-scavenging effect of MIMBP further confirmed its antioxidant potential. Additionally, we developed a simple, specific and accurate HPLC-PDA method for the identification and quantification of free flavonoid aglycones. This can be applied in future screenings of the quality of pollen collected by honeybees.展开更多
Waste utilization is not only the protection of the environment and the practice of green chemistry,but also one of the ways to develop new materials.Herein,we report two biomass carbon dots which prepared from bee po...Waste utilization is not only the protection of the environment and the practice of green chemistry,but also one of the ways to develop new materials.Herein,we report two biomass carbon dots which prepared from bee pollen waste by one-step hydrothermal method.The new two carbon dots were used in sensing,cell imaging and plant growth regulation.The differences in the structure and properties of the two carbon dots were evaluated by TEM,XPS,TG and various spectroscopic methods.Both two carbon dots contain abundant functional groups,polyatomic doping,excellent water solubility and stable photoluminescence.Due to these good properties,we have demonstrated its versatile applications in Fe3+sensing,cell imaging and plant growth regulation.It shows sensitive and specific Fe^(3+) responsiveness and good biocompatibility.This research provides a green and simple method for the recycling and reuse of bee pollen waste,and also provides a reference for the application of biomass carbon dots.展开更多
Background Flavonoids from fruits, vegetables and plants have been widely studied on their improving lipidemia, anti-inflammation, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-oxidative activities. However, t know if flavonoids...Background Flavonoids from fruits, vegetables and plants have been widely studied on their improving lipidemia, anti-inflammation, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-oxidative activities. However, t know if flavonoids from rape bee pollen have the same effects in patients with dyslipidemia （DL）, effects of we don＇ type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）, and cerebral infarction（CI）. Methods The study involved with patients selected and divided into 4 groups, 30 cases of DL, of T2DM, of CI and health control （HC） for each. Forty mg flavonoids from rape bee pollen administrated orally twice a day for two months. Blood sugar （BG）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）, low white blood-cell counts （WBC）, platelet counts （PLT）, high-sens malondialdehyde （MDA） were analyzed in four groups before and after density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL-C）, itivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP） and taking flavonoids for two months. Results （1） Basic levels of TC, BG, WBC, PLT and hsCRP in groups of T2DM, CI, and TG and MDA in groups of DL, PLT, T2DM and CI were significantly higher than those in HC （P 〈 0.05-0.001）. （2） The levels of hsCRP and MDA were significantly decreased, flavonoids for two months （P 〈 0.05-0.001） in group of while HDL-C was remarkably increased DL, T2MD, and CL These indexes were not the group of HC after taking flavonoids （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions The results could indieat disturbance, inflammation, and high oxidative stress in patients with dyslipidemisa, type 2 diabet TG, WBC, after taking different in e metabolic es mellitus, and cerebral infarction. The flavonoids from rape bee pollen may have effects of antioxidant activity, improving lipids, and anti-inflammation on these patients.展开更多
Zea mays L. is one of the biggest cropping systems among the sustainable development agronomy. Pollen from this crop source is unexplored and apiculture can be a good partner adding value to the product and creating n...Zea mays L. is one of the biggest cropping systems among the sustainable development agronomy. Pollen from this crop source is unexplored and apiculture can be a good partner adding value to the product and creating new jobs helping to solve some social issues as unemployment. However, food safety is crucial, thus the aim of this study was to explore the flavonoid/phenolic profiles from Z. mays L. pollen as a fingerprint for this plant identification and also to demonstrate how the method of bee pollen samples （honeybee collected pollen） is applied. For this purpose, several sources ofZ. mays L. pollen were analyzed, including corn hybrids and genetic modified samples collected at the breeding fields. For this work, samples were taken at several years from 2000 to 2012 and collected from different countries and locations, such as Portugal, Mexico and Brazil. Results showed, for the first time, that the fingerprint （flavonoid/phenolic profile） for Z. mays L. pollen does not change over the time of sampling neither with the region of harvesting. The high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector （HPLC/DAD） fingerprints of phenolic/flavonoid extract from Z. mays remain unchanged for all samples analyzed from different countries, hybrids and/or genetic modified plants. This is also the first study reporting these phenolic compounds not only in pollen collected directly from hybrid plants, but also in Z. mays bee pollen. The described fingerprinting method is easy, fast and accurate for the characterization of Z. mays L. pollen samples and complete microscopic analysis because it is species-specific.展开更多
To explore the difference in pollen harvest between the western honey bee Apis mellifera and a native eastern honey bee A.cerana in the Zoige alpine meadows in the northeastern part of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau,we in...To explore the difference in pollen harvest between the western honey bee Apis mellifera and a native eastern honey bee A.cerana in the Zoige alpine meadows in the northeastern part of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau,we investigated species diversity of the harvested pollen and the amount of harvested pollen per bee for both species,and calculated the niche overlap(in terms of similarity in harvested pollen)between the two bee species during the flowering season from June to August 2016.Results showed that the species diversity of the harvested pollen was indistinguishable between the two bee species.Nevertheless,A.mellifera carried more(although not significant)pollens per bee than A.cerana.Moreover,pollen composition differed between the two bee species:A.mellifera mainly foraged on Anemone rivularis,Saussurea nigrescens and Anemone trullifolia,while A.cerana foraged on Anemone rivularis,Stellera chamaejasme,and Pedicularis longiflora.Consistently,the niche overlap between the two honeybee species was particularly small in several observations.Our results indicate a niche separation in pollen resource between the two honeybee species in a Tibetan alpine meadow.展开更多
基金supported by Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BBA0072)Applied Fundamental Frontier Project of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(2020020601012271)。
文摘Rape bee pollen has attracted increasing interests for its excellent protective effect against chemicalinduced liver injury owing to its abundant polyphenols.This study aims to analyze the types and contents of phenolamides(seldom concerned)in rape bee pollen and their protective mechanism on alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Different from the previous finding that flavonoids are dominant polyphenols in bee pollen polyphenolic extract,our results demonstrated that there are only three flavonoids but 24 phenolamides in the as-prepared rape bee pollen phenolic extract(PPE).In addition,PPE was found to significantly improve the viability(from 54.9%to 84.1%,89.2%,and 94.0%)of alcohol-induced AML12 cells and alleviate alcoholinduced cell apoptosis(from 28.5%to 22.89%,22.0%,and 17.4%).To dissect the underlying mechanism for the protective effect of PPE against ALD,the molecular pathway was identified by RNA-Seq analysis.Transcriptome data revealed that PPE may protect against ALD by decreasing inflammation,cholesterol,and fatty acid synthesis(P<0.05).The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)model was used to further evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of PPE in vivo,and the results validated that PPE could alleviate liver injury and hepatic steatosis(from 22.7%to 11.5%and 10.9%)induced by alcohol.As the dominant polyphenols in PPE,phenolamides can be a class of valuable polyphenolic compounds in bee pollen with the potential to alleviate ALD.
基金the Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University (SKLF-ZZB-202119)。
文摘The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were investigated,and their antioxidant activities and in vitro digestion were explored in this study.Results showed that the content of nutrients in bee pollen increased after wall disruption.Among them,fat content increased by 22.55%-8.31%,protein content increased by 0.54%-4.91%,starch content increased by 36.31%-48.64%,soluble sugar content increased by 20.57%-29.67%,total phenolic acid content increased by 11.73%-86.98%and total flavonoids content increased by 14.29%-24.79%.At the same time,the antioxidant activity increased by 14.84%-46.00%.Furthermore,the active components such as phenolic compounds in the wall-disruption bee pollen were more readily to be released during the in vitro digestion,and easier to be absorbed because of their higher bioaccessibility.Antioxidant activities during in vitro digestion were also improved in walldisruption bee pollen.These findings provide evidence that bee pollen wall disruption was suggested,thus,it is more conducive to exerting the value of bee pollen in functional foods.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31871861 and 31501548)The Apicultural Industry Technology System(NCYTI-43-KXJ17)The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-IAR)。
文摘The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),freeze drying(FD),infrared drying(IRD),hot-air drying(HAD)and sun drying(SD)on free amino acids(FAAs),α-dicarbonyl compounds(α-DCs)and volatile compounds(VOCs)in rape bee pollen(RBP)were determined.The results showed that FD significantly released the essential amino acids(EAAs)compared with fresh samples while SD caused the highest loss.Glucosone was the dominantα-DCs in RBP and the highest loss was observed after PVD.Aldehydes were the dominant volatiles of RBP and SD samples contained more new volatile substances(especially aldehydes)than the other four drying methods.Comprehensively,FD and PVD would be potential methods to effectively reduce the quality deterioration of RBP in the drying process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102605)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program under Grant(CAAS-ASTIP-2020-IAR)。
文摘Food allergy as a global health problem threatens food industry.Bee pollen(BP)is a typical food with allergenic potentials,although it performs various nutritional/pharmacological functions to humans.In this study,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)were used to ferment Brassica napus BP for alleviating its allergenicity.Four novel allergens(glutaredoxin,oleosin-B2,catalase and lipase)were identified with significant decreases in LAB-fermented BP(FBP)than natural BP by proteomics.Meanwhile,metabolomics analysis showed significant increases of 28 characteristic oligopeptides and amino acids in FBP versus BP,indicating the degradation of LAB on allergens.Moreover,FBP showed alleviatory effects in BALB/c mice,which relieved pathological symptoms and lowered production of allergic mediators.Microbial high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that FBP could regulate gut microbiota and metabolism to strengthen immunity,which were closely correlated with the alleviation of allergic reactivity.These findings could contribute to the development and utilization of hypoallergenic BP products.
文摘[ Objective] To explore the effects of different proportion of bee pollen on the water holding capacity of pork in Duroc Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs in order to determine the optimal proportion. [ Method] A total of 80 Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs, weighing （10.0 ± 1.0） kg, were randomly divided into five groups. The experimental period was 120 d including the 5-day pre-feecling period. The corn-soybean meal was not replaced during the whole period. All pigs had free access to feed and water. The pigs were fasting for 24 h but not prohibited from feed before the beginning. Group I was the control group reared with the diet not supplemented bee pollen. The pigs in group II, III ,IV and V were reared with the diet supplemented bee pollen at the concentration of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%, respectively. After slaughtering, eye muscle was used for determination of water holding capacity through fast filter paper method, drip loss method, cooking loss method and Na- pole yield determination method. [ Resultl With the increase of the proportion of bee pollen, the water holding capacity of pork was first good and then poor. The addition of bee pollen at the concentration of 5% significantly reduced the drip loss of pork and the water holding capacity which was detected by fast filter paper method, but the cooking loss and Napole yield were not significantly influenced. [ Condmion] The bee pollen can effectively improve the water holding capacity of pork in Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs, and the optimal proportion is 5%.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972628 and 31472155)a special fund(NYCYTX-43)the fund of the Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety,Beijing Technology and Business University.
文摘Bee pollen has potential in preventing metabolic syndrome(MetS).The present study aimed to investigate the effect of yeast-fermented wall-broken bee pollen(YB)intervention on ICR mice with MetS induced with a high-fat(HF)diet.After YB intervention in mice for 16 weeks,the effect on alleviating MetS was evaluated based on MetS serum parameters,hepatic oxidant status markers and gut microbial populations.The results of animal experiment showed that YB intervention attenuated MetS.Based on multivariate statistical analysis results,YB treatment signifi cantly increased glutathione S-transferase(GST)and catalase(CAT)activities and decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA)level in the liver.Further investigation showed that YB restored the Nrf-2-Keap-1 pathway to alleviate oxidative stress.Additionally,gut microbial community analysis revealed that YB restored the increase in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio(6.94 for the HF group and 3.74 for HF+YB group)and improved Lactobacillus and Lactococcus abundance induced by the HF diet.Overall,YB improved function and prevented MetS by modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating oxidative stress.
基金The authors express their gratitude to Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation （Grant 11/16） for financial provision.
文摘The proposed work aims to study phenol components （flavonoids） of bee bread and pollen obtained in Georgia using the HPLC （high-performance liquid chromatography） method, and to determine the content of biologically active compounds in them. The samples were taken in lmereti region （west Georgia）. After extraction of samples, there were carried out spectral and HPLC analysis of compounds for the sake of qualitative and quantitative research of them. There are studied the flavonoid compounds of bee bread and pollen by using the HPLC methods, and naringin, rutin and quercetin are identified. Their amount counts about 20% of full content of flavonoids. The content of flavonols in bee bread and pollen has been established. It also has been determined that the amount of flavonoids during the storage period of products reduces to 6.17-5.03 g.kg-1.
基金Supported by Jiangxi Science and Technology Program(20141BBF60036)the National Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)Research Project(201303056-6)~~
文摘Feeding growth test of Xenocypris davidi Bleeker was carried out in outdoor ponds for 8 weeks.Three experimental group feeds were made by adding bee pollen to the basic feed at the dosage of 1%,2%and 3%,with fish meal,soybean meal,cotton meal and vegetable meal as protein source,and soybean oil as fat source for basic feed.The results showed that the sexual maturation rates of the parent fish in the bee pollen group with the addition of 2%and 3%were signi ficantly higher than that in the control group and the bee pollen group with the addition of 1%(P<0.05).From the perspective of egg quality,egg diameter,fertilization rate,hatching rate and the length of membrane larvae in the control group were significantly lower than that in the bee pollen group(P<0.05).From the perspective of sperm quality,the addition of high proportion of bee pollen in the diet of parental fish can significantly improve the reproductive performance of male parental fish(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the addition of 2%bee pollen increased sperm density by 45.3%,sperm motility by 12.7%and the rate of sperm malformation by 21.0%.All things considered,the best amount of yellowtail was 2%bee pollen.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to verify whether chestnut bee pollen can be used as feed for breeding chickens and its appropriate addition proportion.[Method]A total of 92444-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeders of parent generation with a male to female ratio of 1∶10 were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 3 replicates in each group and 7 cocks and 70 hens in each replicate.The broiler breeders in the control group were fed with the basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed with the diets supplemented with 0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%chestnut bee pollen.The feeding trial lasted 35 d.[Result]Addition of chestnut bee pollen at different proportions improved the laying rate of breeder hens in different degrees.The experimental group supplemented with 1.5%chestnut bee pollen increased the laying rate by 9.1%,reduced the rate of unqualified eggs(broken eggs,cracked eggs,thin shelled eggs and hard shelled eggs)by 71.4%,increased the fertilization rate of hatching eggs and healthy chick rate by 4.4%and 5.2%,and improved the concentrations of testosterone(T),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)in breeder cocks by 60.8%,32.3%and 61.4%,respectively.Statistical analysis showed that the results were significantly different.[Conclusion]Addition of chestnut bee pollen at certain concentration can improve the reproductive performance of breeder cocks and breeder hens,and improve the body immunity.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme,Ministry of Education Malaysia(Grant No:FRGS/2/2013/SKK01/USM/03/3)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative effect of methanolic bee pollen extract(BPE) of Malaysian stingless bee [Lepidotrigona terminata(L. terminata)]and its synergistic effect with cisplatin(a chemotherapeutic drug) on MCF-7 cancer cell line.Methods: The antioxidant activity of BPE from L. terminata was measured by using1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH) assay. Antiproliferative activity at different concentrations of BPE and cisplatin was determined through using MTT assay on MCF-7 and L929 cell lines. An interaction effect(synergistic, additive and antagonistic) between BPE and cisplatin was determined by Compu Syn software based on MTT assay data.Results: The EC50(50% decrement of DPPH inhibition) of BPE was 0.5 mg/m L.L. terminata BPE exhibited antiproliferative activity on both cancer and normal cell lines.The IC50(concentration of drug that was required for 50% of cell inhibition in vitro) of BPE on MCF-7 was 15 mg/m L whereas in normal cell line L929 was 26 mg/m L. The IC50 for cisplatin on MCF-7 was 20 mmol/L. The combination effect of BPE and cisplatin on MCF-7 cells showed that BPE at 15 mg/m L was able to potentiate the inhibitory effect of cisplatin at all different concentrations(2.5–20.0 mg/m L). The average of cancer cells inhibition which was potentiated by BPE was around 50%. A combination index values of less than 1 reported in the Compu Syn software further proved the synergistic effect between BPE and cisplatin, suggesting that BPE was working synergistically with cisplatin.Conclusions: Our study therefore suggested that BPE of Malaysian stingless bee,L. terminata is a potential chemopreventive agent and can be used as a supplementary treatment for chemotherapy drugs. BPE might be able to be used to potentiate the effect of chemotherapy drugs with the possibility to reduce the required dose of the drugs. The molecular mechanisms of how the BPE exerts antiproliferative activity will be a much interesting area to look for in future studies.
基金supported by the Spanish“Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad”and the“Instituto Nacional de Investigaci´on y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria”(Project numbers RTA 2015-00013-C03-01 and 03).
文摘Bee pollen is currently one of the most widely consumed dietary supplements due to its high nutritional value and its potentially beneficial effects on health. Unfortunately, in recent years an increase in the fraudulent marketing of this product has been detected, mainly in terms of adulteration with pollen from other sources. This has made it necessary to seek new tools to ensure its authentication. Therefore, this study investigates the use of free amino acids as markers of the geographical origin and harvesting period of bee pollen. To demonstrate their potential as biomarkers, 72 samples from four apiaries (Pistacho, Tío Natalio, Monte and Fuentelahiguera), located in the same geographical area (Marchamalo, Guadalajara, Spain), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection, with the data obtained undergoing canonical discriminant analysis. Variable amounts and numbers of free amino acids were found in the samples analyzed;proline predominated in all of them, in a concentration range of 298–569989 mg/kg. The differences observed in amino acid composition could be attributed to the flowering plants from which the bee pollen samples originated. In addition, it was possible to statistically assign over 75% of the samples to the corresponding apiary of origin, the best results being obtained for the Fuentelahiguera and Tío Natalio apiaries (100%);this classification was even superior in the case of the harvesting periods, as more than 90% of the samples were correctly assigned, and in one period (June) a 100% rate was obtained.
基金the University Grants Commission, India for providing financial assistance for the work.
文摘OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to investigate the nutraceutical potential of monofloral Indian mustard bee pollen （MIMBP）. METHODS： The nutritional value of MIMBP was examined in terms of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and energy value. Its chemical composition in terms of total polyphenol and flavonoid content was determined. MIMBP was screened for free flavonoid aglycones by developing and validating a high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array （HPLC-PDA） method. MIMBP was analyzed for in vitro antioxidant effect in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging activity. RESULTS： MIMBP was found to be comprised of proteins （（182.2±5.9） g/kg）, fats （（137.7±6.8） g/kg） and carbohydrates （（560.6±17.4） g/kg）, which result in its high energy value （（17 616.7±78.6） kJ/kg）. MIMBP was found to contain polyphenols （（18 286.1±374.0） mg gallic acid equivalent/kg） and flavonoids （（1 223.5±53.1） mg quercetin equivalent/kg）. The HPLC-PDA analysis revealed the presence of kaempferol （（65.4±0.5） mg/kg） and quercefin （（51.4±0.4） mg/kg） in MIMBP, which can be used as markers for determining the quality of bee pollen. The MIMBP extract showed DPPH free radical-scavenging activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 54.79 μg/mL. CONCLUSION： The MIMBP was found to be a rich source of nutrients providing high caloric value, which makes it a candidate for a potential nutraceutical agent. The study also illustrated the high antioxidant content of MIMBP, especially in the principle polyphenols and flavonoids, which suggests its potential role in the prevention of free radical-implicated diseases. The DPPH-scavenging effect of MIMBP further confirmed its antioxidant potential. Additionally, we developed a simple, specific and accurate HPLC-PDA method for the identification and quantification of free flavonoid aglycones. This can be applied in future screenings of the quality of pollen collected by honeybees.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21877082)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021YFG0291)+2 种基金International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project of Sichuan Province(No.21GJHZ0092)Sichuan Province Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(No.S202110650037)the Undergraduate Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(No.2020029),Xihua University。
文摘Waste utilization is not only the protection of the environment and the practice of green chemistry,but also one of the ways to develop new materials.Herein,we report two biomass carbon dots which prepared from bee pollen waste by one-step hydrothermal method.The new two carbon dots were used in sensing,cell imaging and plant growth regulation.The differences in the structure and properties of the two carbon dots were evaluated by TEM,XPS,TG and various spectroscopic methods.Both two carbon dots contain abundant functional groups,polyatomic doping,excellent water solubility and stable photoluminescence.Due to these good properties,we have demonstrated its versatile applications in Fe3+sensing,cell imaging and plant growth regulation.It shows sensitive and specific Fe^(3+) responsiveness and good biocompatibility.This research provides a green and simple method for the recycling and reuse of bee pollen waste,and also provides a reference for the application of biomass carbon dots.
基金supported by The Capital Development Fund(2005-SF-Ⅱ-007)
文摘Background Flavonoids from fruits, vegetables and plants have been widely studied on their improving lipidemia, anti-inflammation, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-oxidative activities. However, t know if flavonoids from rape bee pollen have the same effects in patients with dyslipidemia （DL）, effects of we don＇ type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）, and cerebral infarction（CI）. Methods The study involved with patients selected and divided into 4 groups, 30 cases of DL, of T2DM, of CI and health control （HC） for each. Forty mg flavonoids from rape bee pollen administrated orally twice a day for two months. Blood sugar （BG）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）, low white blood-cell counts （WBC）, platelet counts （PLT）, high-sens malondialdehyde （MDA） were analyzed in four groups before and after density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL-C）, itivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP） and taking flavonoids for two months. Results （1） Basic levels of TC, BG, WBC, PLT and hsCRP in groups of T2DM, CI, and TG and MDA in groups of DL, PLT, T2DM and CI were significantly higher than those in HC （P 〈 0.05-0.001）. （2） The levels of hsCRP and MDA were significantly decreased, flavonoids for two months （P 〈 0.05-0.001） in group of while HDL-C was remarkably increased DL, T2MD, and CL These indexes were not the group of HC after taking flavonoids （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions The results could indieat disturbance, inflammation, and high oxidative stress in patients with dyslipidemisa, type 2 diabet TG, WBC, after taking different in e metabolic es mellitus, and cerebral infarction. The flavonoids from rape bee pollen may have effects of antioxidant activity, improving lipids, and anti-inflammation on these patients.
文摘Zea mays L. is one of the biggest cropping systems among the sustainable development agronomy. Pollen from this crop source is unexplored and apiculture can be a good partner adding value to the product and creating new jobs helping to solve some social issues as unemployment. However, food safety is crucial, thus the aim of this study was to explore the flavonoid/phenolic profiles from Z. mays L. pollen as a fingerprint for this plant identification and also to demonstrate how the method of bee pollen samples （honeybee collected pollen） is applied. For this purpose, several sources ofZ. mays L. pollen were analyzed, including corn hybrids and genetic modified samples collected at the breeding fields. For this work, samples were taken at several years from 2000 to 2012 and collected from different countries and locations, such as Portugal, Mexico and Brazil. Results showed, for the first time, that the fingerprint （flavonoid/phenolic profile） for Z. mays L. pollen does not change over the time of sampling neither with the region of harvesting. The high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector （HPLC/DAD） fingerprints of phenolic/flavonoid extract from Z. mays remain unchanged for all samples analyzed from different countries, hybrids and/or genetic modified plants. This is also the first study reporting these phenolic compounds not only in pollen collected directly from hybrid plants, but also in Z. mays bee pollen. The described fingerprinting method is easy, fast and accurate for the characterization of Z. mays L. pollen samples and complete microscopic analysis because it is species-specific.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470482)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘To explore the difference in pollen harvest between the western honey bee Apis mellifera and a native eastern honey bee A.cerana in the Zoige alpine meadows in the northeastern part of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau,we investigated species diversity of the harvested pollen and the amount of harvested pollen per bee for both species,and calculated the niche overlap(in terms of similarity in harvested pollen)between the two bee species during the flowering season from June to August 2016.Results showed that the species diversity of the harvested pollen was indistinguishable between the two bee species.Nevertheless,A.mellifera carried more(although not significant)pollens per bee than A.cerana.Moreover,pollen composition differed between the two bee species:A.mellifera mainly foraged on Anemone rivularis,Saussurea nigrescens and Anemone trullifolia,while A.cerana foraged on Anemone rivularis,Stellera chamaejasme,and Pedicularis longiflora.Consistently,the niche overlap between the two honeybee species was particularly small in several observations.Our results indicate a niche separation in pollen resource between the two honeybee species in a Tibetan alpine meadow.
