Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. ...Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.展开更多
Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative medicine.In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials,biomimetic scaffolds bas...Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative medicine.In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials,biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix(ECM).Additionally,such materials have mechanical adaptability,micro-structure interconnectivity,and inherent bioactivity,making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine.This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials(BNBMs),including advances in their preparation,functionality,potential applications and future challenges.We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM.Moreover,we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications.Finally,we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.展开更多
Biopolymers are promising environmentally benign materials applicable in multifarious applications.They are especially favorable in implantable biomedical devices thanks to their excellent unique properties,including ...Biopolymers are promising environmentally benign materials applicable in multifarious applications.They are especially favorable in implantable biomedical devices thanks to their excellent unique properties,including bioactivity,renewability,bioresorbability,biocompatibility,biodegradability and hydrophilicity.Additive manufacturing(AM)is a flexible and intricate manufacturing technology,which is widely used to fabricate biopolymer-based customized products and structures for advanced healthcare systems.Three-dimensional(3D)printing of these sustainable materials is applied in functional clinical settings including wound dressing,drug delivery systems,medical implants and tissue engineering.The present review highlights recent advancements in different types of biopolymers,such as proteins and polysaccharides,which are employed to develop different biomedical products by using extrusion,vat polymerization,laser and inkjet 3D printing techniques in addition to normal bioprinting and four-dimensional(4D)bioprinting techniques.It also incorporates the influence of nanoparticles on the biological and mechanical performances of 3D-printed tissue scaffolds,and addresses current challenges as well as future developments of environmentally friendly polymeric materials manufactured through the AMtechniques.Ideally,there is a need for more focused research on the adequate blending of these biodegradable biopolymers for achieving useful results in targeted biomedical areas.We envision that biopolymer-based 3D-printed composites have the potential to revolutionize the biomedical sector in the near future.展开更多
Natural biomaterials are now frequently used to build biocarrier systems,which can carry medications and biomolecules to a target region and achieve a desired therapeutic effect.Biomaterials and polymers are of great ...Natural biomaterials are now frequently used to build biocarrier systems,which can carry medications and biomolecules to a target region and achieve a desired therapeutic effect.Biomaterials and polymers are of great importance in the synthesis of nanomaterials.The recent studies have tended to use these materials because they are easily obtained from natural sources such as fungi,algae,bacteria,and medicinal plants.They are also biodegradable,compatible with neighborhoods,and non-toxic.Natural biomaterials and polymers are chemically changed when they are linked by cross linking agents with other polymers to create scaffolds,matrices,composites,and interpenetrating polymer networks employing microtechnology and nanotechnology.This review highlights how microengineered and nanoengineered biomaterials are utilized to produce efficient drug-delivery systems and biomedical and biological therapies and how innovative sources of biomaterials have been identified.展开更多
Bone substitute material implantation has become an important treatment strategy for the repair of oral and maxillofacial bone defects.Recent studies have shown that appropriate inflammatory and immune cells are essen...Bone substitute material implantation has become an important treatment strategy for the repair of oral and maxillofacial bone defects.Recent studies have shown that appropriate inflammatory and immune cells are essential factors in the process of osteoinduction of bone substitute materials.Previous studies have mainly focused on innate immune cells such as macrophages.In our previous work,we found that T lymphocytes,as adaptive immune cells,are also essential in the osteoinduction procedure.As the most important antigen-presenting cell,whether dendritic cells(DCs)can recognize non-antigen biomaterials and participate in osteoinduction was still unclear.In this study,we found that surgical trauma associated with materials implantation induces necrocytosis,and this causes the release of high mobility group protein-1(HMGB1),which is adsorbed on the surface of bone substitute materials.Subsequently,HMGB1-adsorbed materials were recognized by the TLR4-MYD88-NFκB signal axis of dendritic cells,and the inflammatory response was activated.Finally,activated DCs release regeneration-related chemokines,recruit mesenchymal stem cells,and initiate the osteoinduction process.This study sheds light on the immune-regeneration process after bone substitute materials implantation,points out a potential direction for the development of bone substitute materials,and provides guidance for the development of clinical surgical methods.展开更多
Osteoimmunomodulation is a fascinating approach for balancing osteoimmune through regulating reciprocal interactions between bone cells and immune cells[1].Implantation of the osteoimmunity-regulating biomaterials reg...Osteoimmunomodulation is a fascinating approach for balancing osteoimmune through regulating reciprocal interactions between bone cells and immune cells[1].Implantation of the osteoimmunity-regulating biomaterials regulates osteoimmune conditions in the host dynamically,thus intensifying osseointegration under physiological microenvironments[1].This perspective presents a brief overview of osteoimmunity-regulating biomaterials for augmenting bone regeneration based on a recently published study by our research team[2].展开更多
Axonal junction defects and an inhibitory environment after spinal cord injury seriously hinder the regeneration of damaged tissues and neuronal functions. At the site of spinal cord injury, regenerative biomaterials ...Axonal junction defects and an inhibitory environment after spinal cord injury seriously hinder the regeneration of damaged tissues and neuronal functions. At the site of spinal cord injury, regenerative biomaterials can fill cavities, deliver curative drugs, and provide adsorption sites for transplanted or host cells. Some regenerative biomaterials can also inhibit apoptosis, inflammation and glial scar formation, or further promote neurogenesis, axonal growth and angiogenesis. This review summarized a variety of biomaterial scaffolds made of natural, synthetic, and combined materials applied to spinal cord injury repair. Although these biomaterial scaffolds have shown a certain therapeutic effect in spinal cord injury repair, there are still many problems to be resolved, such as product standards and material safety and effectiveness.展开更多
In biomedical applications,the conventionally used metallic materials,including stainless steel,Co-based alloys and Ti alloys,often times exhibit unsatisfactory results such as stress shielding and metal ion releases....In biomedical applications,the conventionally used metallic materials,including stainless steel,Co-based alloys and Ti alloys,often times exhibit unsatisfactory results such as stress shielding and metal ion releases.Secondary surgical operation(s)usually become inevitable to prevent long term exposure of body with the toxic implant contents.The metallic biomaterials are being revolutionized with the development of biodegradable materials including several metals,alloys,and metallic glasses.As such,the nature of metallic biomaterials are transformed from the bioinert to bioactive and multi-biofunctional(anti-bacterial,anti-proliferation,anti-cancer,etc.).Magnesium-based biomaterials are candidates to be used as new generation biodegradable metals.Magnesium(Mg)can dissolve in body fluid that means the implanted Mg can degrade during healing process,and if the degradation is controlled it would leave no debris after the completion of healing.Hence,the need for secondary surgical operation(s)for the implant removal could be eliminated.Besides its biocompatibility,the inherent mechanical properties of Mg are very similar to those of human bone.Researchers have been working on synthesis and characterization of Mg-based biomaterials with a variety of composition in order to control the degradation rate of Mg since uncontrolled degradation could result in loss of mechanical integrity,metal contamination in the body and intolerable hydrogen evolution by tissue.It was observed that the applied methods of synthesis and the choice of components affect the characteristics and performance of the Mg-based biomaterials.Researchers have synthesized many Mg-based materials through several synthesis routes and investigated their mechanical properties,biocompatibility and degradation behavior through in vitro,in vivo and in silico studies.This paper is a comprehensive review that compiles,analyses and critically discusses the recent literature on the important aspects of Mg-based biomaterials.展开更多
Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion,proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive eff...Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion,proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues:(1)developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties;(2)constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro-and microscale;and(3) inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed,along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail.Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.展开更多
Appropriate selection of the implant biomaterial is a key factor for long term success of implants. The biologic environment does not accept completely any material so to optimize biologic performance, implants should...Appropriate selection of the implant biomaterial is a key factor for long term success of implants. The biologic environment does not accept completely any material so to optimize biologic performance, implants should be selected to reduce the negative biologic response while maintaining adequate function. Every clinician should always gain a thorough knowledge about thedifferent biomaterials used for the dental implants. This article makes an effort to summarize various dental biomaterials which were used in the past and as well as the latest material used now.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)is the fourth most abundant element in the human body and is important in terms of specific osteogenesis functions.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the use of magnesium-based biomaterials(MBs)in ...Magnesium(Mg)is the fourth most abundant element in the human body and is important in terms of specific osteogenesis functions.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the use of magnesium-based biomaterials(MBs)in bone reconstruction.We review the history of MBs and their excellent biocompatibility,biodegradability and osteopromotive properties,highlighting them as candidates for a new generation of biodegradable orthopedic implants.In particular,the results reported in the field-specific literature(280 articles)in recent decades are dissected with respect to the extensive variety of MBs for orthopedic applications,including Mg/Mg alloys,bioglasses,bioceramics,and polymer materials.We also summarize the osteogenic mechanism of MBs,including a detailed section on the physiological process,namely,the enhanced osteogenesis,promotion of osteoblast adhesion and motility,immunomodulation,and enhanced angiogenesis.Moreover,the merits and limitations of current bone grafts and substitutes are compared.The objective of this review is to reveal the strong potential of MBs for their use as agents in bone repair and regeneration and to highlight issues that impede their clinical translation.Finally,the development and challenges of MBs for transplanted orthopedic materials are discussed.展开更多
Poly (ethyleneglycol monomethylether) methacrylate (PEGMM)was synthesized by means of the reaction of methacrylyl chloride with sodium monomethylpolyethyleneglycoxide and was characterized by FTIR, ~1H-NMR,and ultravi...Poly (ethyleneglycol monomethylether) methacrylate (PEGMM)was synthesized by means of the reaction of methacrylyl chloride with sodium monomethylpolyethyleneglycoxide and was characterized by FTIR, ~1H-NMR,and ultraviolet spectrometries. A series of poly (vinyl alcohol)-graft-PEGMM (PVA-g-PEGMM )and methyl methacrylate-PEGMM copolymer (PMMA-PEGMM) were prepared and tested for antithrombogenicity in vitro. The results indicate that the antithrombogenicity of the copolymers basically increases with the increasing of the DP of polyoxyethylene (POE) chain and tends to a plateau after the DP around 114,i.e. the long chain structure of POE is favourable to the antithrombogenicityof its copolymers ;moreover, the extent of the improvement ofantithrombogenicity also relates to the PEGMM content of the copolymers and the kind of the matrix that the POE chains are located on. These results are consistent with the anticipation of the hypothesis of maintaining proteins normal conformations for blood compatible bioraaterials.展开更多
The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair,replacement,or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages.Traditionally,smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond...The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair,replacement,or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages.Traditionally,smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond to stimuli.However,the continuous evolution of the field warrants a fresh look at the concept of smartness of biomaterials.This review presents a redefinition of the term“Smart Biomaterial”and discusses recent advances in and applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissue restoration and regeneration.To clarify the use of the term“smart biomaterials”,we propose four degrees of smartness according to the level of interaction of the biomaterials with the bio-environment and the biological/cellular responses they elicit,defining these materials as inert,active,responsive,and autonomous.Then,we present an up-to-date survey of applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissues,based on the materials’responses(external and internal stimuli)and their use as immune-modulatory biomaterials.Finally,we discuss the limitations and obstacles to the translation from basic research(bench)to clinical utilization that is required for the development of clinically relevant applications of these technologies.展开更多
Conductive biomaterials based on conductive polymers,carbon nanomaterials,or conductive inorganic nanomaterials demonstrate great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering,owing to the similar conductivit...Conductive biomaterials based on conductive polymers,carbon nanomaterials,or conductive inorganic nanomaterials demonstrate great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering,owing to the similar conductivity to human skin,good antioxidant and antibacterial activities,electrically controlled drug delivery,and photothermal effect.However,a review highlights the design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue engineering is lacking.In this review,the design and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials with various structural forms including film,nanofiber,membrane,hydrogel,sponge,foam,and acellular dermal matrix for applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering and the corresponding mechanism in promoting the healing process were summarized.The approaches that conductive biomaterials realize their great value in healing wounds via three main strategies(electrotherapy,wound dressing,and wound assessment)were reviewed.The application of conductive biomaterials as wound dressing when facing different wounds including acute wound and chronic wound(infected wound and diabetic wound)and for wound monitoring is discussed in detail.The challenges and perspectives in designing and developing multifunctional conductive biomaterials are proposed as well.展开更多
Bacterial infection and the ever-increasing bacterial resistance have imposed severe threat to human health.And bacterial contamination could significantly menace the wound healing process.Considering the sophisticate...Bacterial infection and the ever-increasing bacterial resistance have imposed severe threat to human health.And bacterial contamination could significantly menace the wound healing process.Considering the sophisticated wound healing process,novel strategies for skin tissue engineering are focused on the integration of bioactive ingredients,antibacterial agents included,into biomaterials with different morphologies to improve cell behaviors and promote wound healing.However,a comprehensive review on antibacterial wound dressing to enhance wound healing has not been reported.In this review,various antibacterial biomaterials as wound dressings will be discussed.Different kinds of antibacterial agents,including antibiotics,nanoparticles(metal and metallic oxides,lightinduced antibacterial agents),cationic organic agents,and others,and their recent advances are summarized.Biomaterial selection and fabrication of biomaterials with different structures and forms,including films,hydrogel,electrospun nanofibers,sponge,foam and three-dimension(3D)printed scaffold for skin regeneration,are elaborated discussed.Current challenges and the future perspectives are presented in thismultidisciplinary field.We envision that this review will provide a general insight to the elegant design and further refinement of wound dressing.展开更多
Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanism, spinal cord injury (SCI) has become one of the most intractable central nervous system (CNS) diseases to therapy. Stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC...Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanism, spinal cord injury (SCI) has become one of the most intractable central nervous system (CNS) diseases to therapy. Stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) particularly, appeals to more and more attention along with the encouraging therapeutic results for the functional regeneration of SCI. However, traditional cell transplantation strategies have some limitations, including the unsatisfying survival rate of MSCs and their random diffusion from the injection site to ambient tissues. The application of biomaterials in tissue engineering provides a new horizon. Biomaterials can not only confine MSCs in the injured lesions with higher cell viability, but also promote their therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the strategies and advantages of biomaterials reinforced MSCs transplantation to treat SCI in recent years,which are clarified in the light of various therapeutic effects in pathophysiological aspects of SCI.展开更多
Bone defects combined with tumors, infections, or other bone diseases are challenging in clinical practice. Autologous and allogeneic grafts are two main traditional remedies, but they can cause a series of complicati...Bone defects combined with tumors, infections, or other bone diseases are challenging in clinical practice. Autologous and allogeneic grafts are two main traditional remedies, but they can cause a series of complications. To address this problem,researchers have constructed various implantable biomaterials. However, the original pathological microenvironment of bone defects, such as residual tumors, severe infection, or other bone diseases, could further affect bone regeneration. Thus, the rational design of versatile biomaterials with integrated bone therapy and regeneration functions is in great demand. Many strategies have been applied to fabricate smart stimuli-responsive materials for bone therapy and regeneration, with stimuli related to external physical triggers or endogenous disease microenvironments or involving multiple integrated strategies. Typical external physical triggers include light irradiation, electric and magnetic fields, ultrasound, and mechanical stimuli. These stimuli can transform the internal atomic packing arrangements of materials and affect cell fate, thus enhancing bone tissue therapy and regeneration. In addition to the external stimuli-responsive strategy, some specific pathological microenvironments, such as excess reactive oxygen species and mild acidity in tumors, specific p H reduction and enzymes secreted by bacteria in severe infection, and electronegative potential in bone defect sites, could be used as biochemical triggers to activate bone disease therapy and bone regeneration.Herein, we summarize and discuss the rational construction of versatile biomaterials with bone therapeutic and regenerative functions. The specific mechanisms, clinical applications, and existing limitations of the newly designed biomaterials are also clarified.展开更多
The biocompatibility evaluation of calcium phosphate based biomaterials is performed by tissue culture in vitro model. Three kinds of bioceramic materials which are potential to deal with bone trauma and/or conduct ti...The biocompatibility evaluation of calcium phosphate based biomaterials is performed by tissue culture in vitro model. Three kinds of bioceramic materials which are potential to deal with bone trauma and/or conduct tissue growth are recommodated. The biological research results show that human and animal osteoblast cells anchor the materials surface in two hours in culture. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrated the normal cell distribution and proliferation on both of dense and porous biomaterials. Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate stimulate cell proliferation. However, DNA and protein synthesis were considerably limited and the apoptosis phenomenon would be present on the hydroxyapatite (HA) materials by adding Al, Mg elements. Several important methods of biocompatibility evaluation of implant materials are described and the related biological molecular techniques such as tissue culture, cell transfection, cellular DNA stain, and Lowry assay are involved in the present research.展开更多
Bone tumors,especially those in osteosarcoma,usually occur in adolescents.The standard clinical treatment includes chemotherapy,surgical therapy,and radiation therapy.Unfortunately,surgical resection often fails to co...Bone tumors,especially those in osteosarcoma,usually occur in adolescents.The standard clinical treatment includes chemotherapy,surgical therapy,and radiation therapy.Unfortunately,surgical resection often fails to completely remove the tumor,which is the main cause of postoperative recurrence and metastasis,resulting in a high mortality rate.Moreover,bone tumors often invade large areas of bone,which cannot repair itself,and causes a serious effect on the quality of life of patients.Thus,bone tumor therapy and bone regeneration are challenging in the clinic.Herein,this review presents the recent developments in bifunctional biomaterials to achieve a new strategy for bone tumor therapy.The selected bifunctional materials include 3D-printed scaffolds,nano/microparticle-containing scaffolds,hydrogels,and bone-targeting nanomaterials.Numerous related studies on bifunctional biomaterials combining tumor photothermal therapy with enhanced bone regeneration were reviewed.Finally,a perspective on the future development of biomaterials for tumor therapy and bone tissue engineering is discussed.This review will provide a useful reference for bone tumor-related disease and the field of complex diseases to combine tumor therapy and tissue engineering.展开更多
A novel class of segmented copolymers, dimethyldiphenylpolysiloxane/poly (oxytetramethylene)-polyurea (PSPEU), was synthesized from α, ω-bis (γ-aminopropyl) dimethyldiphenylpolysiloxane (APMPS), which was prepared ...A novel class of segmented copolymers, dimethyldiphenylpolysiloxane/poly (oxytetramethylene)-polyurea (PSPEU), was synthesized from α, ω-bis (γ-aminopropyl) dimethyldiphenylpolysiloxane (APMPS), which was prepared by means of basic ring-opening copolymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane and 1, 3-bis (γ-aminopropyl) tetramethyl disiloxane. The relationships between the diphenylsiloxy contents and the properties of APMPS, including refractive index, glass transition temperature, solubility parameter as well as thermal stability, were investigated; meanwhile, the thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties, mechanical properiesas well as the antithrombogenicity in vitro of the PSPEU were also revealed.展开更多
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,No.2023YFS0164 (to JC)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52003113,31900950,82102334,82002313,82072444)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2018YFC2001502,2018YFB1105705)+6 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515010745,2020A1515110356,2023A1515011986)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190808120405672)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ22C100001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR1469800)the Integration Innovation Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(2021JCPT03),the Science and Technology Projects of Guangzhou City(202102020359)the Zigong Key Science and Technology Plan(2022ZCNKY07).SXC thanks the financial support under the Startup Grant of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(WIUCASQD2021026).HW thanks the Futian Healthcare Research Project(FTWS2022013)the financial support of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021TQ0118).SL thanks the financial support of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721490).
文摘Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative medicine.In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials,biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix(ECM).Additionally,such materials have mechanical adaptability,micro-structure interconnectivity,and inherent bioactivity,making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine.This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials(BNBMs),including advances in their preparation,functionality,potential applications and future challenges.We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM.Moreover,we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications.Finally,we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.
文摘Biopolymers are promising environmentally benign materials applicable in multifarious applications.They are especially favorable in implantable biomedical devices thanks to their excellent unique properties,including bioactivity,renewability,bioresorbability,biocompatibility,biodegradability and hydrophilicity.Additive manufacturing(AM)is a flexible and intricate manufacturing technology,which is widely used to fabricate biopolymer-based customized products and structures for advanced healthcare systems.Three-dimensional(3D)printing of these sustainable materials is applied in functional clinical settings including wound dressing,drug delivery systems,medical implants and tissue engineering.The present review highlights recent advancements in different types of biopolymers,such as proteins and polysaccharides,which are employed to develop different biomedical products by using extrusion,vat polymerization,laser and inkjet 3D printing techniques in addition to normal bioprinting and four-dimensional(4D)bioprinting techniques.It also incorporates the influence of nanoparticles on the biological and mechanical performances of 3D-printed tissue scaffolds,and addresses current challenges as well as future developments of environmentally friendly polymeric materials manufactured through the AMtechniques.Ideally,there is a need for more focused research on the adequate blending of these biodegradable biopolymers for achieving useful results in targeted biomedical areas.We envision that biopolymer-based 3D-printed composites have the potential to revolutionize the biomedical sector in the near future.
文摘Natural biomaterials are now frequently used to build biocarrier systems,which can carry medications and biomolecules to a target region and achieve a desired therapeutic effect.Biomaterials and polymers are of great importance in the synthesis of nanomaterials.The recent studies have tended to use these materials because they are easily obtained from natural sources such as fungi,algae,bacteria,and medicinal plants.They are also biodegradable,compatible with neighborhoods,and non-toxic.Natural biomaterials and polymers are chemically changed when they are linked by cross linking agents with other polymers to create scaffolds,matrices,composites,and interpenetrating polymer networks employing microtechnology and nanotechnology.This review highlights how microengineered and nanoengineered biomaterials are utilized to produce efficient drug-delivery systems and biomedical and biological therapies and how innovative sources of biomaterials have been identified.
基金supported by the Beijing Training Project for the Leading Talents in S&T(Grant No.Z191100006119022)the National Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51705006)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-2Z-4106).
文摘Bone substitute material implantation has become an important treatment strategy for the repair of oral and maxillofacial bone defects.Recent studies have shown that appropriate inflammatory and immune cells are essential factors in the process of osteoinduction of bone substitute materials.Previous studies have mainly focused on innate immune cells such as macrophages.In our previous work,we found that T lymphocytes,as adaptive immune cells,are also essential in the osteoinduction procedure.As the most important antigen-presenting cell,whether dendritic cells(DCs)can recognize non-antigen biomaterials and participate in osteoinduction was still unclear.In this study,we found that surgical trauma associated with materials implantation induces necrocytosis,and this causes the release of high mobility group protein-1(HMGB1),which is adsorbed on the surface of bone substitute materials.Subsequently,HMGB1-adsorbed materials were recognized by the TLR4-MYD88-NFκB signal axis of dendritic cells,and the inflammatory response was activated.Finally,activated DCs release regeneration-related chemokines,recruit mesenchymal stem cells,and initiate the osteoinduction process.This study sheds light on the immune-regeneration process after bone substitute materials implantation,points out a potential direction for the development of bone substitute materials,and provides guidance for the development of clinical surgical methods.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273158,U21A2099,52022095,52073280,51973216,51873207,and 51833010)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(Nos.20210509005RQ,20210504001GH,and 20200404182YY)+1 种基金the Special Project for City−Academy Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation of Changchun(No.21SH14)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2019230).
文摘Osteoimmunomodulation is a fascinating approach for balancing osteoimmune through regulating reciprocal interactions between bone cells and immune cells[1].Implantation of the osteoimmunity-regulating biomaterials regulates osteoimmune conditions in the host dynamically,thus intensifying osseointegration under physiological microenvironments[1].This perspective presents a brief overview of osteoimmunity-regulating biomaterials for augmenting bone regeneration based on a recently published study by our research team[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81571213(to BW),No.81800583(to YYX)the 13~(th) Six Talent Peaks Project(C type)of Jiangsu Province of China(to BW)+1 种基金the Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation of Nanjing of China,No.QRX17006(to BW)the Medical Science and Innovation Platform of Nanjing of China,No.ZDX16005(to BW)
文摘Axonal junction defects and an inhibitory environment after spinal cord injury seriously hinder the regeneration of damaged tissues and neuronal functions. At the site of spinal cord injury, regenerative biomaterials can fill cavities, deliver curative drugs, and provide adsorption sites for transplanted or host cells. Some regenerative biomaterials can also inhibit apoptosis, inflammation and glial scar formation, or further promote neurogenesis, axonal growth and angiogenesis. This review summarized a variety of biomaterial scaffolds made of natural, synthetic, and combined materials applied to spinal cord injury repair. Although these biomaterial scaffolds have shown a certain therapeutic effect in spinal cord injury repair, there are still many problems to be resolved, such as product standards and material safety and effectiveness.
文摘In biomedical applications,the conventionally used metallic materials,including stainless steel,Co-based alloys and Ti alloys,often times exhibit unsatisfactory results such as stress shielding and metal ion releases.Secondary surgical operation(s)usually become inevitable to prevent long term exposure of body with the toxic implant contents.The metallic biomaterials are being revolutionized with the development of biodegradable materials including several metals,alloys,and metallic glasses.As such,the nature of metallic biomaterials are transformed from the bioinert to bioactive and multi-biofunctional(anti-bacterial,anti-proliferation,anti-cancer,etc.).Magnesium-based biomaterials are candidates to be used as new generation biodegradable metals.Magnesium(Mg)can dissolve in body fluid that means the implanted Mg can degrade during healing process,and if the degradation is controlled it would leave no debris after the completion of healing.Hence,the need for secondary surgical operation(s)for the implant removal could be eliminated.Besides its biocompatibility,the inherent mechanical properties of Mg are very similar to those of human bone.Researchers have been working on synthesis and characterization of Mg-based biomaterials with a variety of composition in order to control the degradation rate of Mg since uncontrolled degradation could result in loss of mechanical integrity,metal contamination in the body and intolerable hydrogen evolution by tissue.It was observed that the applied methods of synthesis and the choice of components affect the characteristics and performance of the Mg-based biomaterials.Researchers have synthesized many Mg-based materials through several synthesis routes and investigated their mechanical properties,biocompatibility and degradation behavior through in vitro,in vivo and in silico studies.This paper is a comprehensive review that compiles,analyses and critically discusses the recent literature on the important aspects of Mg-based biomaterials.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(51575537,81572577,and 51705540)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2016JJ1027)+4 种基金the Project of Innovation-driven Plan of Central South University(2016CX023)the Open-End Fund for the Valuable and Precision Instruments of Central South Universitythe Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU(SKLSP201605)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX201700291)the Project of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing,Central South University
文摘Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion,proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues:(1)developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties;(2)constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro-and microscale;and(3) inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed,along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail.Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.
文摘Appropriate selection of the implant biomaterial is a key factor for long term success of implants. The biologic environment does not accept completely any material so to optimize biologic performance, implants should be selected to reduce the negative biologic response while maintaining adequate function. Every clinician should always gain a thorough knowledge about thedifferent biomaterials used for the dental implants. This article makes an effort to summarize various dental biomaterials which were used in the past and as well as the latest material used now.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81672230)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2020jcyjmsxm2234)+1 种基金the Top-notch Young Talent Project of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital(No.CQSZYY2020008)the Chongqing Graduate Research Innovation Project(No.CYS20199)。
文摘Magnesium(Mg)is the fourth most abundant element in the human body and is important in terms of specific osteogenesis functions.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the use of magnesium-based biomaterials(MBs)in bone reconstruction.We review the history of MBs and their excellent biocompatibility,biodegradability and osteopromotive properties,highlighting them as candidates for a new generation of biodegradable orthopedic implants.In particular,the results reported in the field-specific literature(280 articles)in recent decades are dissected with respect to the extensive variety of MBs for orthopedic applications,including Mg/Mg alloys,bioglasses,bioceramics,and polymer materials.We also summarize the osteogenic mechanism of MBs,including a detailed section on the physiological process,namely,the enhanced osteogenesis,promotion of osteoblast adhesion and motility,immunomodulation,and enhanced angiogenesis.Moreover,the merits and limitations of current bone grafts and substitutes are compared.The objective of this review is to reveal the strong potential of MBs for their use as agents in bone repair and regeneration and to highlight issues that impede their clinical translation.Finally,the development and challenges of MBs for transplanted orthopedic materials are discussed.
文摘Poly (ethyleneglycol monomethylether) methacrylate (PEGMM)was synthesized by means of the reaction of methacrylyl chloride with sodium monomethylpolyethyleneglycoxide and was characterized by FTIR, ~1H-NMR,and ultraviolet spectrometries. A series of poly (vinyl alcohol)-graft-PEGMM (PVA-g-PEGMM )and methyl methacrylate-PEGMM copolymer (PMMA-PEGMM) were prepared and tested for antithrombogenicity in vitro. The results indicate that the antithrombogenicity of the copolymers basically increases with the increasing of the DP of polyoxyethylene (POE) chain and tends to a plateau after the DP around 114,i.e. the long chain structure of POE is favourable to the antithrombogenicityof its copolymers ;moreover, the extent of the improvement ofantithrombogenicity also relates to the PEGMM content of the copolymers and the kind of the matrix that the POE chains are located on. These results are consistent with the anticipation of the hypothesis of maintaining proteins normal conformations for blood compatible bioraaterials.
基金support from a bridge grant from the Temple Office of the Vice President for Research(OVPR).
文摘The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair,replacement,or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages.Traditionally,smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond to stimuli.However,the continuous evolution of the field warrants a fresh look at the concept of smartness of biomaterials.This review presents a redefinition of the term“Smart Biomaterial”and discusses recent advances in and applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissue restoration and regeneration.To clarify the use of the term“smart biomaterials”,we propose four degrees of smartness according to the level of interaction of the biomaterials with the bio-environment and the biological/cellular responses they elicit,defining these materials as inert,active,responsive,and autonomous.Then,we present an up-to-date survey of applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissues,based on the materials’responses(external and internal stimuli)and their use as immune-modulatory biomaterials.Finally,we discuss the limitations and obstacles to the translation from basic research(bench)to clinical utilization that is required for the development of clinically relevant applications of these technologies.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers:51973172,and 51673155)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2020JC-03 and 2019TD-020)+3 种基金State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materialsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe World-Class Universities(Disciplines)and the Characteristic Development Guidance Funds for the Central UniversitiesOpening Project of Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research,College of Stomatology,Xi’an Jiaotong University(No.2019LHM-KFKT008,and No.2021LHM-KFKT005).
文摘Conductive biomaterials based on conductive polymers,carbon nanomaterials,or conductive inorganic nanomaterials demonstrate great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering,owing to the similar conductivity to human skin,good antioxidant and antibacterial activities,electrically controlled drug delivery,and photothermal effect.However,a review highlights the design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue engineering is lacking.In this review,the design and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials with various structural forms including film,nanofiber,membrane,hydrogel,sponge,foam,and acellular dermal matrix for applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering and the corresponding mechanism in promoting the healing process were summarized.The approaches that conductive biomaterials realize their great value in healing wounds via three main strategies(electrotherapy,wound dressing,and wound assessment)were reviewed.The application of conductive biomaterials as wound dressing when facing different wounds including acute wound and chronic wound(infected wound and diabetic wound)and for wound monitoring is discussed in detail.The challenges and perspectives in designing and developing multifunctional conductive biomaterials are proposed as well.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers: 51973172)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No. 2020JC03 and 2019TD-020)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University (No. 2019LHM-KFKT008)the World-Class Universities (Disciplines)the Characteristic Development Guidance Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Bacterial infection and the ever-increasing bacterial resistance have imposed severe threat to human health.And bacterial contamination could significantly menace the wound healing process.Considering the sophisticated wound healing process,novel strategies for skin tissue engineering are focused on the integration of bioactive ingredients,antibacterial agents included,into biomaterials with different morphologies to improve cell behaviors and promote wound healing.However,a comprehensive review on antibacterial wound dressing to enhance wound healing has not been reported.In this review,various antibacterial biomaterials as wound dressings will be discussed.Different kinds of antibacterial agents,including antibiotics,nanoparticles(metal and metallic oxides,lightinduced antibacterial agents),cationic organic agents,and others,and their recent advances are summarized.Biomaterial selection and fabrication of biomaterials with different structures and forms,including films,hydrogel,electrospun nanofibers,sponge,foam and three-dimension(3D)printed scaffold for skin regeneration,are elaborated discussed.Current challenges and the future perspectives are presented in thismultidisciplinary field.We envision that this review will provide a general insight to the elegant design and further refinement of wound dressing.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Project of Stem Cell and Transformation Research (2019YFA0112100 , 2019YFA0112102)National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973252, 81620108028)。
文摘Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanism, spinal cord injury (SCI) has become one of the most intractable central nervous system (CNS) diseases to therapy. Stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) particularly, appeals to more and more attention along with the encouraging therapeutic results for the functional regeneration of SCI. However, traditional cell transplantation strategies have some limitations, including the unsatisfying survival rate of MSCs and their random diffusion from the injection site to ambient tissues. The application of biomaterials in tissue engineering provides a new horizon. Biomaterials can not only confine MSCs in the injured lesions with higher cell viability, but also promote their therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the strategies and advantages of biomaterials reinforced MSCs transplantation to treat SCI in recent years,which are clarified in the light of various therapeutic effects in pathophysiological aspects of SCI.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072396,81871490,81771047,82071096)Double Hundred Plan(20191819),Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(19XD1434500,20XD1433100)+3 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21490711700)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2021ZD12)Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine(TM202010)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(SKLOD2021OF01).
文摘Bone defects combined with tumors, infections, or other bone diseases are challenging in clinical practice. Autologous and allogeneic grafts are two main traditional remedies, but they can cause a series of complications. To address this problem,researchers have constructed various implantable biomaterials. However, the original pathological microenvironment of bone defects, such as residual tumors, severe infection, or other bone diseases, could further affect bone regeneration. Thus, the rational design of versatile biomaterials with integrated bone therapy and regeneration functions is in great demand. Many strategies have been applied to fabricate smart stimuli-responsive materials for bone therapy and regeneration, with stimuli related to external physical triggers or endogenous disease microenvironments or involving multiple integrated strategies. Typical external physical triggers include light irradiation, electric and magnetic fields, ultrasound, and mechanical stimuli. These stimuli can transform the internal atomic packing arrangements of materials and affect cell fate, thus enhancing bone tissue therapy and regeneration. In addition to the external stimuli-responsive strategy, some specific pathological microenvironments, such as excess reactive oxygen species and mild acidity in tumors, specific p H reduction and enzymes secreted by bacteria in severe infection, and electronegative potential in bone defect sites, could be used as biochemical triggers to activate bone disease therapy and bone regeneration.Herein, we summarize and discuss the rational construction of versatile biomaterials with bone therapeutic and regenerative functions. The specific mechanisms, clinical applications, and existing limitations of the newly designed biomaterials are also clarified.
文摘The biocompatibility evaluation of calcium phosphate based biomaterials is performed by tissue culture in vitro model. Three kinds of bioceramic materials which are potential to deal with bone trauma and/or conduct tissue growth are recommodated. The biological research results show that human and animal osteoblast cells anchor the materials surface in two hours in culture. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrated the normal cell distribution and proliferation on both of dense and porous biomaterials. Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate stimulate cell proliferation. However, DNA and protein synthesis were considerably limited and the apoptosis phenomenon would be present on the hydroxyapatite (HA) materials by adding Al, Mg elements. Several important methods of biocompatibility evaluation of implant materials are described and the related biological molecular techniques such as tissue culture, cell transfection, cellular DNA stain, and Lowry assay are involved in the present research.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1103500,2017YFC1103502)the National Natural Science Foundation(31972925,31771096,31930067,31525009)+3 种基金the 1·3·5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYGD18002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2020YJ0065)the Sichuan University Spark Project(2018SCUH0029)the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Foundation(SKLOD202016).
文摘Bone tumors,especially those in osteosarcoma,usually occur in adolescents.The standard clinical treatment includes chemotherapy,surgical therapy,and radiation therapy.Unfortunately,surgical resection often fails to completely remove the tumor,which is the main cause of postoperative recurrence and metastasis,resulting in a high mortality rate.Moreover,bone tumors often invade large areas of bone,which cannot repair itself,and causes a serious effect on the quality of life of patients.Thus,bone tumor therapy and bone regeneration are challenging in the clinic.Herein,this review presents the recent developments in bifunctional biomaterials to achieve a new strategy for bone tumor therapy.The selected bifunctional materials include 3D-printed scaffolds,nano/microparticle-containing scaffolds,hydrogels,and bone-targeting nanomaterials.Numerous related studies on bifunctional biomaterials combining tumor photothermal therapy with enhanced bone regeneration were reviewed.Finally,a perspective on the future development of biomaterials for tumor therapy and bone tissue engineering is discussed.This review will provide a useful reference for bone tumor-related disease and the field of complex diseases to combine tumor therapy and tissue engineering.
文摘A novel class of segmented copolymers, dimethyldiphenylpolysiloxane/poly (oxytetramethylene)-polyurea (PSPEU), was synthesized from α, ω-bis (γ-aminopropyl) dimethyldiphenylpolysiloxane (APMPS), which was prepared by means of basic ring-opening copolymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane and 1, 3-bis (γ-aminopropyl) tetramethyl disiloxane. The relationships between the diphenylsiloxy contents and the properties of APMPS, including refractive index, glass transition temperature, solubility parameter as well as thermal stability, were investigated; meanwhile, the thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties, mechanical properiesas well as the antithrombogenicity in vitro of the PSPEU were also revealed.
