BACKGROUND Invasive breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells(OGCs) is an extremely rare morphology of breast carcinomas.To the best of our knowledge,the most recent case report describing this rare pa...BACKGROUND Invasive breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells(OGCs) is an extremely rare morphology of breast carcinomas.To the best of our knowledge,the most recent case report describing this rare pathology was published six years ago.The mechanism controlling the development of this unique histological formation is still unknown.Further,the prognosis of patients with OGC involvement is also controversial.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 48-year-old woman,who presented to the outpatient department with a palpable,growing,painless mass in her left breast for about one year.Sonography and mammography revealed a 26.5 mm ×18.8 mm asymmetric,lobular mass with circumscribed margin and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System was category 4C.Sono-guided aspiration biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma.The patient underwent breast conserving surgery and was diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma with OGCs,grade Ⅱ,with intermediate grade of ductal carcinoma in situ(ER:80%,3+,PR:80%,3+,HER-2:negative,Ki 67:30%).Adjuvant chemotherapy and post-operation radiotherapy were initiated thereafter.CONCLUSION As a rare morphology of breast cancer,breast carcinoma with OGC occurs most often in relatively young women,has less lymph node involvement,and its occurrence is not racedependent.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing number of diagnosed nonpalpable breast cancer cases,wire localization has been commonly performed for surgical guidance to remove nonpalpable breast lesions.This report presents a rare...BACKGROUND Due to the increasing number of diagnosed nonpalpable breast cancer cases,wire localization has been commonly performed for surgical guidance to remove nonpalpable breast lesions.This report presents a rare case of localized wire migration to a subcutaneous lesion of the upper back in a breast cancer patient undergoing breast-conserving surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old female was scheduled for breast-conserving surgery for left breast cancer.Ultrasonography guided wire localization was performed intraoperatively by surgeon to localize the nonpalpable breast cancer.After axilla sentinel lymph node biopsy,we realized that the wire was not visualized.The wire was not found in the operation field,including the breast and axilla.Breast-conserving surgery was performed after wire re-localization.Intraoperative chest posteroanterior view revealed that the wire was located on the level of midaxillary line.Two days after the operation,a serial simple X-ray revealed that the wire was located on the subcutaneous lesion of the back.The wire tip was palpable under the skin of the upper back,and the wire was removed under local anesthesia.CONCLUSION Hooked wire misplacement can lead to fatal complications.Surgeons must consider the possibility of wire migration during breast cancer surgery.展开更多
Genetic and molecular heterogeneity,together with intrinsic and acquired resistance to therapy,represent the major obstacles to the successful treatment of different types of breast carcinoma.Increasing evidence demon...Genetic and molecular heterogeneity,together with intrinsic and acquired resistance to therapy,represent the major obstacles to the successful treatment of different types of breast carcinoma.Increasing evidence demonstrates that SOX transcription factors in breast carcinomas could act both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors and have been associated with tumor stage and grade,poor prognosis,and therapy resistance.Both SOX2 and SOX18 overexpression has been correlated with poor prognosis in breast carcinomas,and these genes are recognized as potential antitumor targets.Our aim was to evaluate the effect of retinoic acid(RA),a well-known cyto-differentiating agent,on breast carcinoma cells in vitro and to investigate the potential of RA treatment to modify the expression of SOX2 and SOX18 genes.By applying various experimental approaches,we evaluated the effect of RA on basic cellular processes in SK-BR-3 and MCF7 breast carcinoma cell lines.We have shown that RA inhibits cell growth,reduces the number of Ki-67 positive cells,and causes cell-cycle arrest.RA effect was more prominent in SK-BR-3 cell line that lacks SOX2 expression,including a higher decrease in cell viability,reduction in colony formation,and significant remodeling of cellular structure.We have shown that RA treatment led to the downregulation of SOX2 expression in MCF7 cells and to the reduction of SOX18 expression in both cell lines.By functional analysis,we showed that the anti-proliferative effect of RA in both cell lines was not based on the activity of stemness marker SOX2,pointing to a SOX2-independent mechanism of action.The ability of RA to reduce SOX2/SOX18 expression raises the possibility that these genes can be used as biomarkers to distinguish RA-responders from non-responders.Together,our study shows that the response of breast carcinoma cell lines to RA treatment may vary,highlighting that the development of RA-based therapy should consider differences in breast carcinoma subtypes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS)is rare and easily misdiagnosed.Most patients are first diagnosed with MGUS.We report a rare case of MGUS se...BACKGROUND Infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS)is rare and easily misdiagnosed.Most patients are first diagnosed with MGUS.We report a rare case of MGUS secondary to infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma.We also review the literature to analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman underwent modified radical mastectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast and was then treated with radiation and chemotherapy.A decreased platelet count was found on routine blood examination,and MGUS was subsequently diagnosed.This is the first report of the occurrence of MGUS after breast cancer surgery.CONCLUSION Vigilance is required to distinguish this rare comorbidity from breast plasmacytoma.展开更多
Breast cancer in adolescents occurring in fibroadenomas is extremely rare. We report a case of right breast cancer in a 15-year-old female student diagnosed in 2020. This is the youngest reported case of breast cancer...Breast cancer in adolescents occurring in fibroadenomas is extremely rare. We report a case of right breast cancer in a 15-year-old female student diagnosed in 2020. This is the youngest reported case of breast cancer arising within fibroadenomas in the literature. The teenager has no personal or family history of cancer or known hereditary disease. Currently, there is no consensus on the management of breast cancer arising from adenofibromas in adolescents. Clinically, the tumor was inflammatory with axillary lymph node involvement (T4dN1M0). The fine-needle aspiration cytologic was suspicious of malignancy. The patient received four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil<sup>®</sup>, doxorubicin<sup>®</sup> and cyclosphosphamide<sup>®</sup>, followed by radical right mastectomy. The histological result of the surgical specimen is a non-specific carcinoma with a therapeutic effect greater than fifty percent. The patient received three courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel<sup>®</sup>. The adolescent underwent radiation therapy at her chest wall of 50 Gy and regional lymph node of 46 Gy. After radiotherapy, hormone therapy with Tamoxifene<sup>®</sup> at 20 mg per day was started. At 16 months from radiotherapy, there is no recurrence. The reconstruction of the right breast is planned in a few months.展开更多
<strong>Purpose:</strong> This study aimed to evaluate the role of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT scans in staging breast carcinoma. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A descriptive...<strong>Purpose:</strong> This study aimed to evaluate the role of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT scans in staging breast carcinoma. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A descriptive study on 46 patients who were diagnosed with breast carcinoma in Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Vietnam from June 2019 to June 2021. Those patients underwent <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT scans for pre-treatment staging. <strong>Results:</strong> There was a positive correlation between the size of primary tumors and their SUV (p < 0.0001, r = 0.759). The mean SUV was reported to be 2.5 for tumors under 2 cm, 5.89 for tumors from 2 - 5 cm, 13.6 for tumors above 5 cm, and 8.23 for skin invasive lesions. In terms of regional lymph node metastasis detection, the sensitivity and specificity of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT were 75% and 100%, respectively. The rate of distant metastasis detection was 15.2% (7/46 patients). Metastatic lesions were found in bone, lungs, liver, and lymph nodes. There was a significant difference in SUV among organs (p < 0.001), with the highest SUV found in bone metastasis. The rates of stage I, II, III and IV diagnosed after PET/CT are 8.7%;45.7%;30.4% and 15.2% respectively, compared to 10.9%;54.3%;32.6%;2.2% before taking <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT. After PET/CT, 17.4% patients (8/46) had their treatment plan changed. <strong>Conclusions: </strong><sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT plays an important role in staging breast carcinoma. Determining accurately the breast carcinoma stage by <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT could help alter treatment strategy to best suit with patients, and avoid unnecessary surgery.展开更多
Introduction: This study evaluates the changes in the lung volume (LV) exposed radiation during the breath cycle and whether these volume differences have an effect on both lung and target doses in breast carcinoma pa...Introduction: This study evaluates the changes in the lung volume (LV) exposed radiation during the breath cycle and whether these volume differences have an effect on both lung and target doses in breast carcinoma patients. Material and Methods: Ten patients with left breast carcinoma underwent breast conservative surgery or mastectomy receiving radiotherapy (RT) (breast or chest wall and regional lymph nodes) were included. For this study, planning computerized tomography (CT) images were obtained during deep inspiration (DI) and end of expiration (EE), besides free breathing (FB) to simulate breath cycles. Three-dimensional conformal or intensity-modulated RT planning was done to obtain dose-volume information using CT series taken FB, DI and EE. The treatment plan was done with FB images and exported to the DI and EE scans and re-calculated. Volume changes and calculated dose differences according to breath cycles were compared. Results: There were significant differences in the whole LV, ipsilateral LV and contralateral LV between FB-DI and EE-DI while no significant difference was seen between FB and EE. V20 was lower during DI than FB and EE but the difference was not significant. There was no significant variation in whole breast dose although significant dose variations were observed in mean MI, supraclaviculary and level III axillary lymph node doses between breath cycles. Conclusion: Breath cycle had no significant effect on whole breast dose although significantly changed regional lymph node doses in patients with breast carcinoma receiving whole breast and regional lymph nodes radio-therapy. V20 dose was lower during DI than FB and EE, but the difference was not significant.展开更多
Objective:To determine the value of diffusion-tensor imaging(DTI) as an adjunct to dynamic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) for improved accuracy of differential diagnosis between breast ductal car...Objective:To determine the value of diffusion-tensor imaging(DTI) as an adjunct to dynamic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) for improved accuracy of differential diagnosis between breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) and invasive breast carcinoma(IBC).Methods:The MRI data of 63 patients pathologically confirmed as breast cancer were analyzed.The conventional MRI analysis metrics included enhancement style,initial enhancement characteristic,maximum slope of increase,time to peak,time signal intensity curve(TIC) pattern,and signal intensity on FST2 WI.The values of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),directionally-averaged mean diffusivity(D_(avg)),exponential attenuation(EA),fractional anisotropy(FA),volume ratio(VR) and relative anisotropy(RA)were calculated and compared between DCIS and IBC.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent factors for distinguishing IBC and DCIS.The diagnostic performance of the diagnosis equation was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve.The diagnostic efficacies of DCEMRI,DWI and DTI were compared independendy or combined.Results:EA value,lesion enhancement style and TIC pattern were identified as independent factor for differential diagnosis of IBC and DCIS.The combination diagnosis showed higher diagnostic efficacy than a single use of DCE-MRI(P=0.02),and the area of the curve was improved from 0.84(95%CI,0.67-0.99) to0.94(95%CI,0.85-1.00).Conclusions:Quantitative DTI measurement as an adjunct to DCE-MRI could improve the diagnostic performance of differential diagnosis between DCIS and IBC compared to a single use of DCE-MRI.展开更多
Objective: Secretory breast carcinoma(SBC) is a rare type of breast malignancy, accounting for less than 0.02% of all infiltrating breast malignancies. The pure SBC, a type of SBC without another type of breast malign...Objective: Secretory breast carcinoma(SBC) is a rare type of breast malignancy, accounting for less than 0.02% of all infiltrating breast malignancies. The pure SBC, a type of SBC without another type of breast malignant neoplasm, is particularly rare. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of pure SBC.Methods: The main pathological parameters such as estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR), and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2(C-erbB-2) were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC), and the clinicopathologic and prognostic difference were compared with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC). Fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to identify the ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement of SBC.Results: We found that the positivity rates of ER, PR, C-erbB-2, p53, and S-100 were 47.7%(21/44), 52.3%(23/44), 36.4%(16/44), 27.3%(12/44), and 95.5%(42/44), respectively, which were higher than those reported in previous studies. Special periodic acid-Schiff analysis was performed in 36 patients, and the value of the Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 50%(mean value:10%). Interestingly, most patients with pure SBC harbored an ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement with an 88.6%(39/44) expression rate. Compared with IDC, the tumor size of most patients with SBC was larger than 2 cm(P = 0.024). Ultrasound showed benign lesions, and the total misdiagnosis rate was higher(P = 0.020). Although the pathological classification was mostly triple-negative breast cancers(P = 0.036), there was less metastasis(P = 0.029), and the overall prognosis was better than that of the IDC group.Conclusions: Although axillary lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, or distant metastasis may occur, SBC is also considered an indolent neoplasm with a good prognosis. Once diagnosed, surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible,followed by appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy, irradiation, and endocrine therapies.展开更多
Objective: Pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) is an uncommon histological type of breast cancer characterized by a large amount of mucin production. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a large class of small noncoding RNA of about...Objective: Pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) is an uncommon histological type of breast cancer characterized by a large amount of mucin production. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a large class of small noncoding RNA of about 22 nt involved in the regulation of various biological processes. This study aims to identify the miRNA expression profile in PMBC. Methods: MiRNA expression profiles in 11 PMBCs were analyzed by miRNA-microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty-one PMBCs and 27 invasive ductal carcinoma of no special types (IDC-NSTs) were assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against ER, PR-progesterone receptor, HER2, Ki-67, Bcl-2, p53, PCNA, and CK5 and 6. Results: We analyzed the miRNA expression in 11 PMBCs and corresponding normal tissues using miRNA-microarray and real-time PCR, and found that miR-143 and miR-224-5p were significantly downregulated in mucinous carcinoma tissue. Compared with IDC-NSTs, PMBC showed a significantly higher ER positive rate, lower HER-2 positive rate, and lower cell proliferation rates. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the miRNA expression profile of PMBC, and our findings may lead to further understanding of this type of breast cancer.展开更多
To study the effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on proliferation inhibition, apoptotic induction, and the relationship between GA-induced apoptosis and intracellular Ca^2+ concentration in human breast carcinoma...To study the effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on proliferation inhibition, apoptotic induction, and the relationship between GA-induced apoptosis and intracellular Ca^2+ concentration in human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Methods: After MCF-7 cells were treated with GA at the concentrations from 50 μmol/L to 250 μmol/L for 24 h, cell viability of proliferation was as sessed by MTTassay. After the cells were treated with 100 μmol/L, 150 μmol/L, and 200 μmol/L GA for 24 h, the rates of cell apoptosis were examined by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling method and flow cytometry with Annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescent stain. After the cells treated with 150 μmol/L GA for 24 h, intracellular Ca^2+ concentration was measured by Fure-2 fluorescein load method. Results: After the cells were treated with GA at the concentrations from 100 μmol/L to 250 μmol/L, the rates of proliferative inhibition were increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) in a dosedependent fashion. IC50 of the proliferation inhibition was 234.33 μmol/L. Treated with 100 μmol/L, 150 μmol/L, and 200 μmol/L, the rates of cell apoptosis were increased significantly (P<0.01). Intracellular Ca^2+ concentration after treatment with GA was higher evidently than that of control (P<0.05). Conclusion: 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid has the effects of the proliferation inhibition and the apoptotic induction on MCF-7 cells. The rise of intracellular Ca^2+ level may be depended on apoptosis induced by GA in MCF-7 cells.展开更多
Background:To compare two types of therapy for primary breast carcinoma,breast-conserving therapy(BCT) and modified radical mastectomy(MRM),in a matched cohort study.Methods:A series of 1,746 patients with primary bre...Background:To compare two types of therapy for primary breast carcinoma,breast-conserving therapy(BCT) and modified radical mastectomy(MRM),in a matched cohort study.Methods:A series of 1,746 patients with primary breast cancer treated with BCT or MRM in a single Chinese institute between January 2000 and February 2009 were analyzed retrospectively to compare their outcomes with respect to the incidence of local recurrence(LR),distant metastasis,and survival.The patients were matched with regard to age at diagnosis,spreading to axillary lymph nodes,hormone receptor status,the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and maximal tumor diameter.The match ratio was 1:1,and each arm included 873 patients.Results:The median follow-up period was 71 months.The 6-year disease-free survival(DFS) and 6-year distant disease-free survival(DDFS) rates differed significantly between two groups.The 6-year local recurrence-free survival(LRFS) rates were 98.2% [95% confidence interval(CI):0.973-0.989] in the BCT group and 98.7%(95% CI:0.980-0.994) in the MRM group(P=0.182),respectively.DFS rates in BCT and MRM groups were 91.3%(95% CI:0.894-0.932) and 86.3%(95% CI:0.840-0.886)(P<0.001),respectively,whereas the DDFS rates in BCT and MRM groups were 93.6%(95% CI:0.922-0.950) and 87.7%(95% CI:0.854-0.900)(P<0.001),respectively.Conclusions:BCT in eligible patients is as effective as MRM with respect to local tumor control,DFS and DDFS,and may result in a better outcome than MRM in Chinese primary breast cancer patients.展开更多
Objective: To establish a stable model of VX2 breast carcinoma in rabbit and select the optimal way. Methods: Thirty female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each. Tumor cell suspensio...Objective: To establish a stable model of VX2 breast carcinoma in rabbit and select the optimal way. Methods: Thirty female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each. Tumor cell suspensions or tumor mass suspensions were injected into breast tissues of rabbits of group A and B, respectively. Tumor blocks were surgically implanted in rabbit breasts of group C. Tumor formation rate, tumor growth rate, and tumor-bearing survival time was compared, and the histological feature of tumor was observed. Results: Models were established conveniently and successfully in rabbits received injection of tumor mass suspensions. Tumor proliferated rapidly with the biological feature of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: VX2 breast carcinoma model in rabbit was established successfully. Intramammary injection of tumor mass suspension is the best method.展开更多
Objective: To elucidate the effects of amlodipine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: Light microscopy was used to determine the effects of amlodipine on cell morpho...Objective: To elucidate the effects of amlodipine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: Light microscopy was used to determine the effects of amlodipine on cell morphology; Flow cytometry was used to quantitate cells undergoing apoptosis; the expression of a cell cycle-related protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and an antiapoptosis protein, Bcl-2 were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Results: Amlodipine concentration of 8.25 μmol/L (1/2 of IC50) affected the morphology, decreased the expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 and induced apoptosis of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion: The effect of amlodipine on the antiproliferation of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells is related to inducement of apoptosis, and the decrease of the expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA may be the possible mechanism for proliferation inhibitory and inducement of apoptosis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation be- tween cathepsin D (Cath-D) and estrogen receptor (ER)expression in breast cancer tissue and to explore the prognostic significance of their combin...OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation be- tween cathepsin D (Cath-D) and estrogen receptor (ER)expression in breast cancer tissue and to explore the prognostic significance of their combined determination in breast carcinoma patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. METHODS One hundred and thirty-eight cases of breast carcinoma were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the results relating to patient follow-up analyzed. RESULTS The overall 5 -year disease -free survival rate (DFS) was 60.9% (84/138) in the series. The positive rate of Cath-D expression in the tumor cells was 55.07% and the positive ER staining was 51.4%. A definite significant negative correlation was found between the positive rates for Cath-D and ER (r=-0.294, P=0.001) The Cath-D expression for the cases in clinical Stage II, positive-node and recurrence or distant metastasis, was higher than that those cases in clinical Stage II with fewer node-metastasis and with 5 year DFS (χ2=13.926, P=0.000; χ2= 13.070, P=0.001; χ2=10.545, P=0.001). However, there was no signifi- cant difference of Cath-D expression between 2 groups of patients with different ages or among the different histopathologic types of the non- specific invasive carcinoma. In the combined examination of Cath-D and ER, the cases that were ER (+) and Cath-D (-) had the highest 5-year DFS compared to other situations. In contrast, the cases that were re- versed in expression , ie, ER(-) and Cath-D(+), had a lower 5-year DFS. There was a significant difference between the 2 conditions (χ2=18.675, P=0.000). CONCLUSION A combined determination and analysis of Cath-D and ER expression may be more useful to establish a prognosis than the bio- logical characteristics of carcinomas with positive lymph nodes.展开更多
This study aimed to determine and quantitate the mammographic and sonographic characteristics in 13 cases of solid neuroendocrine breast carcinoma(NEBC) and to analyze the association of radiological findings with the...This study aimed to determine and quantitate the mammographic and sonographic characteristics in 13 cases of solid neuroendocrine breast carcinoma(NEBC) and to analyze the association of radiological findings with the clinical and histopathologic findings.The clinical data and imaging findings of 13 female patients with histologically confirmed solid NEBC were reviewed.Imaging data were evaluated by two radiologists for a consensual diagnosis.All patients presented with one palpable mass;only 1 experienced occasional breast pain,and 5 complained of fluid discharge.In 7 patients,the masses were firm and mobile.Regional lymph node metastasis was noted in only 1 patient.For the 10 patients who underwent mammography,6 had a mass,1 had clustered small nodules with clustered punctuate microcalcifications,2 had asymmetric focal density,and 1 had solitary punctuate calcification.Most of the masses had irregular shape with indistinct or microlobulated margins.For the 9 patients who underwent ultrasonography(US),9 masses were depicted,all of which were hypoechoic,mostly with irregular shape and without acoustic phenomena.Different types of acoustic phenomena were also identified.One patient had developed distant metastases during follow-up.NEBC has a variety of presentations,but it is mostly observed on mammograms as a dense,irregular mass with indistinct or microlobulated margins.Sonographically,it typically presents as an irregular,heterogeneously hypoechoic mass with normal sound transmission.Histories of nipple discharge and calcification observed using imaging are not rare.展开更多
OBJECTIVE We aimed identification of cell surface molecules,which might serve as diagnostic biomarkers or useful targets fortherapies, in breast cancer.METHODS We developed unique DNA microarray coupledwith spherical ...OBJECTIVE We aimed identification of cell surface molecules,which might serve as diagnostic biomarkers or useful targets fortherapies, in breast cancer.METHODS We developed unique DNA microarray coupledwith spherical self-organizing map (sSOM) analysis to characterizecells and tissues by the cell surface markers. In the microarray 1,797probes for human genes coding membrane bound proteins werespotted. With this microarray the gene expression profiles of eightbreast carcinoma cell lines were compared to identify the genesthat were commonly expressed in breast carcinomas but not innormal cells.RESULTS The gene expression profiles of sSOM from the eightbreast carcinoma cell lines were successfully distinguished fromthat of normal breast tissue derived cells suggesting the presenceof genes of interest. sSOM on the data extensively filtered revealedseveral candidate genes, of which expression was significant incarcinoma cells but low in normal cells. Finally, TM9SF2 wasnominated through validations of PCR procedures together withCD24 and ErbB3, which are known breast carcinoma markers.TM9SF2 expression was further confirmed by immunologicalstaining. Interestingly, TM9SF2 was found to be expressed in allthe cell lines evaluated while CD24 and ErbB3 were not in allof the carcinoma cells, supporting their relationship in sSOM.Although physiological significance of TM9SF2 is unknown yet,siRNA treatment significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells.CONCLUSION We propose TM9SF2 as a novel and usefuldiagnostic marker as well as a potential molecular target specificto breast carcinoma cells covering wide range of breast cancer.展开更多
Introduction: The coexistence of tuberculosis with axillary lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma is uncommon. Observation: We report a case of a patient aged 59 years presenting a painless nodule in the right bre...Introduction: The coexistence of tuberculosis with axillary lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma is uncommon. Observation: We report a case of a patient aged 59 years presenting a painless nodule in the right breast for one year. The scan and mammography revealed a long-axis node of 3 × 2 × 1 cm in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast ranked stage IV by the American College of Radiology (ACR), associated with a set of axillary lymph nodes and the largest one measuring 15 × 15 × 20 millimeters (mm). The breast biopsy helped diagnose a Scarff Bloom Richardson (SBR) grade II non-specific invasive carcinoma, modified by Ellis and Elston. A right mastectomy associated with a lymph node dissection was performed. We noticed a not well defined and whitish 5 mm tumor mass associated with 16 lymph nodes removed. The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of SBR grade II non-specific invasive carcinoma with invasion of 7 lymph nodes (N+ = 7/16). In 3 metastatic lymph nodes, there were epithelioid and gigantocellular granulomas with full central necrosis. The Ziehl Neelsen staining had highlighted acid-fast bacilli. The tumor was oestrogen and progesteron receptor, without an overexpression of the oncoprotein human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which corresponds to a 0 score and the Ki 67 proliferation index assessed at 10%. The patient was given an anti-tuberculosis treatment combining Rifampicin (H), Isoniazid (I), Pyrazinamid (Z), Ethambutol (E) over 2 months and secondly a combination of Rifampicin and Isoniazid over 4 months (2RHZE/4 RH). The anti-tumor chemotherapy used a protocol combining 3 FAC60+ 3 Docetaxel (F = Fluorouracil®A = Adriblastin®, C = Cyclophosphamid). Conclusion: This coexistence is uncommon, of incidental discovery and necessitates a multidisciplinary care.展开更多
Objectives: To evaluate the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and it’s effect on chemotherapy response in metastatic breast carcinoma. Methods: 46 postoperative patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were enroll...Objectives: To evaluate the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and it’s effect on chemotherapy response in metastatic breast carcinoma. Methods: 46 postoperative patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were enrolled. P-gp expression was detected by SABC immunohistochemical method. These patients were treated with combined chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin and 5-fluorouracil for at least two cycles. The relationship between P-gp expression and chemotherapeutic response was analyzed. Results: The positive rate of P-gp expression was 56.5%, the P-gp expression in the patients with lung or liver metastasis was higher than that in patients with skin or lymph node metastasis (P=0.049). The overall response rate was 58.1% in 43 patients; the response rate (89.5%) of the P-gp negative group was higher than that (30.0%) of the P-gp positive group (P<0.01). The response rate (87.5%) in the patients with skin or lymph node metastasis was higher than that (40.7%) in the patients with lung or liver metastasis (P<0.05). In the postoperative patients who had received CAF or CMF regimen adjuvant chemotherapy previously, the response rate of metastatic diseases to chemotherapy had no significant difference (71.4% and 37.5%, respectively) (P=0.052). Conclusion: Patients with metastatic breast carcinoma had higher P-gp expression and these patients should be treated with non-MDR drugs chemotherapy.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Invasive breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells(OGCs) is an extremely rare morphology of breast carcinomas.To the best of our knowledge,the most recent case report describing this rare pathology was published six years ago.The mechanism controlling the development of this unique histological formation is still unknown.Further,the prognosis of patients with OGC involvement is also controversial.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 48-year-old woman,who presented to the outpatient department with a palpable,growing,painless mass in her left breast for about one year.Sonography and mammography revealed a 26.5 mm ×18.8 mm asymmetric,lobular mass with circumscribed margin and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System was category 4C.Sono-guided aspiration biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma.The patient underwent breast conserving surgery and was diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma with OGCs,grade Ⅱ,with intermediate grade of ductal carcinoma in situ(ER:80%,3+,PR:80%,3+,HER-2:negative,Ki 67:30%).Adjuvant chemotherapy and post-operation radiotherapy were initiated thereafter.CONCLUSION As a rare morphology of breast cancer,breast carcinoma with OGC occurs most often in relatively young women,has less lymph node involvement,and its occurrence is not racedependent.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to the increasing number of diagnosed nonpalpable breast cancer cases,wire localization has been commonly performed for surgical guidance to remove nonpalpable breast lesions.This report presents a rare case of localized wire migration to a subcutaneous lesion of the upper back in a breast cancer patient undergoing breast-conserving surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old female was scheduled for breast-conserving surgery for left breast cancer.Ultrasonography guided wire localization was performed intraoperatively by surgeon to localize the nonpalpable breast cancer.After axilla sentinel lymph node biopsy,we realized that the wire was not visualized.The wire was not found in the operation field,including the breast and axilla.Breast-conserving surgery was performed after wire re-localization.Intraoperative chest posteroanterior view revealed that the wire was located on the level of midaxillary line.Two days after the operation,a serial simple X-ray revealed that the wire was located on the subcutaneous lesion of the back.The wire tip was palpable under the skin of the upper back,and the wire was removed under local anesthesia.CONCLUSION Hooked wire misplacement can lead to fatal complications.Surgeons must consider the possibility of wire migration during breast cancer surgery.
基金the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia(Agreement No.451-03-9/2021-14/200042)the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts(Grant No.F24).
文摘Genetic and molecular heterogeneity,together with intrinsic and acquired resistance to therapy,represent the major obstacles to the successful treatment of different types of breast carcinoma.Increasing evidence demonstrates that SOX transcription factors in breast carcinomas could act both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors and have been associated with tumor stage and grade,poor prognosis,and therapy resistance.Both SOX2 and SOX18 overexpression has been correlated with poor prognosis in breast carcinomas,and these genes are recognized as potential antitumor targets.Our aim was to evaluate the effect of retinoic acid(RA),a well-known cyto-differentiating agent,on breast carcinoma cells in vitro and to investigate the potential of RA treatment to modify the expression of SOX2 and SOX18 genes.By applying various experimental approaches,we evaluated the effect of RA on basic cellular processes in SK-BR-3 and MCF7 breast carcinoma cell lines.We have shown that RA inhibits cell growth,reduces the number of Ki-67 positive cells,and causes cell-cycle arrest.RA effect was more prominent in SK-BR-3 cell line that lacks SOX2 expression,including a higher decrease in cell viability,reduction in colony formation,and significant remodeling of cellular structure.We have shown that RA treatment led to the downregulation of SOX2 expression in MCF7 cells and to the reduction of SOX18 expression in both cell lines.By functional analysis,we showed that the anti-proliferative effect of RA in both cell lines was not based on the activity of stemness marker SOX2,pointing to a SOX2-independent mechanism of action.The ability of RA to reduce SOX2/SOX18 expression raises the possibility that these genes can be used as biomarkers to distinguish RA-responders from non-responders.Together,our study shows that the response of breast carcinoma cell lines to RA treatment may vary,highlighting that the development of RA-based therapy should consider differences in breast carcinoma subtypes.
基金The Second Batch of Qinghai Province“Thousand talents Plan for High-end Innovative Talents,”No.[2017]5.
文摘BACKGROUND Infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS)is rare and easily misdiagnosed.Most patients are first diagnosed with MGUS.We report a rare case of MGUS secondary to infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma.We also review the literature to analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman underwent modified radical mastectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast and was then treated with radiation and chemotherapy.A decreased platelet count was found on routine blood examination,and MGUS was subsequently diagnosed.This is the first report of the occurrence of MGUS after breast cancer surgery.CONCLUSION Vigilance is required to distinguish this rare comorbidity from breast plasmacytoma.
文摘Breast cancer in adolescents occurring in fibroadenomas is extremely rare. We report a case of right breast cancer in a 15-year-old female student diagnosed in 2020. This is the youngest reported case of breast cancer arising within fibroadenomas in the literature. The teenager has no personal or family history of cancer or known hereditary disease. Currently, there is no consensus on the management of breast cancer arising from adenofibromas in adolescents. Clinically, the tumor was inflammatory with axillary lymph node involvement (T4dN1M0). The fine-needle aspiration cytologic was suspicious of malignancy. The patient received four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil<sup>®</sup>, doxorubicin<sup>®</sup> and cyclosphosphamide<sup>®</sup>, followed by radical right mastectomy. The histological result of the surgical specimen is a non-specific carcinoma with a therapeutic effect greater than fifty percent. The patient received three courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel<sup>®</sup>. The adolescent underwent radiation therapy at her chest wall of 50 Gy and regional lymph node of 46 Gy. After radiotherapy, hormone therapy with Tamoxifene<sup>®</sup> at 20 mg per day was started. At 16 months from radiotherapy, there is no recurrence. The reconstruction of the right breast is planned in a few months.
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong> This study aimed to evaluate the role of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT scans in staging breast carcinoma. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A descriptive study on 46 patients who were diagnosed with breast carcinoma in Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Vietnam from June 2019 to June 2021. Those patients underwent <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT scans for pre-treatment staging. <strong>Results:</strong> There was a positive correlation between the size of primary tumors and their SUV (p < 0.0001, r = 0.759). The mean SUV was reported to be 2.5 for tumors under 2 cm, 5.89 for tumors from 2 - 5 cm, 13.6 for tumors above 5 cm, and 8.23 for skin invasive lesions. In terms of regional lymph node metastasis detection, the sensitivity and specificity of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT were 75% and 100%, respectively. The rate of distant metastasis detection was 15.2% (7/46 patients). Metastatic lesions were found in bone, lungs, liver, and lymph nodes. There was a significant difference in SUV among organs (p < 0.001), with the highest SUV found in bone metastasis. The rates of stage I, II, III and IV diagnosed after PET/CT are 8.7%;45.7%;30.4% and 15.2% respectively, compared to 10.9%;54.3%;32.6%;2.2% before taking <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT. After PET/CT, 17.4% patients (8/46) had their treatment plan changed. <strong>Conclusions: </strong><sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT plays an important role in staging breast carcinoma. Determining accurately the breast carcinoma stage by <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT could help alter treatment strategy to best suit with patients, and avoid unnecessary surgery.
文摘Introduction: This study evaluates the changes in the lung volume (LV) exposed radiation during the breath cycle and whether these volume differences have an effect on both lung and target doses in breast carcinoma patients. Material and Methods: Ten patients with left breast carcinoma underwent breast conservative surgery or mastectomy receiving radiotherapy (RT) (breast or chest wall and regional lymph nodes) were included. For this study, planning computerized tomography (CT) images were obtained during deep inspiration (DI) and end of expiration (EE), besides free breathing (FB) to simulate breath cycles. Three-dimensional conformal or intensity-modulated RT planning was done to obtain dose-volume information using CT series taken FB, DI and EE. The treatment plan was done with FB images and exported to the DI and EE scans and re-calculated. Volume changes and calculated dose differences according to breath cycles were compared. Results: There were significant differences in the whole LV, ipsilateral LV and contralateral LV between FB-DI and EE-DI while no significant difference was seen between FB and EE. V20 was lower during DI than FB and EE but the difference was not significant. There was no significant variation in whole breast dose although significant dose variations were observed in mean MI, supraclaviculary and level III axillary lymph node doses between breath cycles. Conclusion: Breath cycle had no significant effect on whole breast dose although significantly changed regional lymph node doses in patients with breast carcinoma receiving whole breast and regional lymph nodes radio-therapy. V20 dose was lower during DI than FB and EE, but the difference was not significant.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Grant No.2011CB707705)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81471640,81371715)the Capital Health Research and Development of Special Foundation(Grant No.2011-2015-02)
文摘Objective:To determine the value of diffusion-tensor imaging(DTI) as an adjunct to dynamic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) for improved accuracy of differential diagnosis between breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) and invasive breast carcinoma(IBC).Methods:The MRI data of 63 patients pathologically confirmed as breast cancer were analyzed.The conventional MRI analysis metrics included enhancement style,initial enhancement characteristic,maximum slope of increase,time to peak,time signal intensity curve(TIC) pattern,and signal intensity on FST2 WI.The values of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),directionally-averaged mean diffusivity(D_(avg)),exponential attenuation(EA),fractional anisotropy(FA),volume ratio(VR) and relative anisotropy(RA)were calculated and compared between DCIS and IBC.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent factors for distinguishing IBC and DCIS.The diagnostic performance of the diagnosis equation was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve.The diagnostic efficacies of DCEMRI,DWI and DTI were compared independendy or combined.Results:EA value,lesion enhancement style and TIC pattern were identified as independent factor for differential diagnosis of IBC and DCIS.The combination diagnosis showed higher diagnostic efficacy than a single use of DCE-MRI(P=0.02),and the area of the curve was improved from 0.84(95%CI,0.67-0.99) to0.94(95%CI,0.85-1.00).Conclusions:Quantitative DTI measurement as an adjunct to DCE-MRI could improve the diagnostic performance of differential diagnosis between DCIS and IBC compared to a single use of DCE-MRI.
文摘Objective: Secretory breast carcinoma(SBC) is a rare type of breast malignancy, accounting for less than 0.02% of all infiltrating breast malignancies. The pure SBC, a type of SBC without another type of breast malignant neoplasm, is particularly rare. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of pure SBC.Methods: The main pathological parameters such as estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR), and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2(C-erbB-2) were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC), and the clinicopathologic and prognostic difference were compared with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC). Fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to identify the ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement of SBC.Results: We found that the positivity rates of ER, PR, C-erbB-2, p53, and S-100 were 47.7%(21/44), 52.3%(23/44), 36.4%(16/44), 27.3%(12/44), and 95.5%(42/44), respectively, which were higher than those reported in previous studies. Special periodic acid-Schiff analysis was performed in 36 patients, and the value of the Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 50%(mean value:10%). Interestingly, most patients with pure SBC harbored an ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement with an 88.6%(39/44) expression rate. Compared with IDC, the tumor size of most patients with SBC was larger than 2 cm(P = 0.024). Ultrasound showed benign lesions, and the total misdiagnosis rate was higher(P = 0.020). Although the pathological classification was mostly triple-negative breast cancers(P = 0.036), there was less metastasis(P = 0.029), and the overall prognosis was better than that of the IDC group.Conclusions: Although axillary lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, or distant metastasis may occur, SBC is also considered an indolent neoplasm with a good prognosis. Once diagnosed, surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible,followed by appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy, irradiation, and endocrine therapies.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grand No. 81001187)
文摘Objective: Pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) is an uncommon histological type of breast cancer characterized by a large amount of mucin production. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a large class of small noncoding RNA of about 22 nt involved in the regulation of various biological processes. This study aims to identify the miRNA expression profile in PMBC. Methods: MiRNA expression profiles in 11 PMBCs were analyzed by miRNA-microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty-one PMBCs and 27 invasive ductal carcinoma of no special types (IDC-NSTs) were assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against ER, PR-progesterone receptor, HER2, Ki-67, Bcl-2, p53, PCNA, and CK5 and 6. Results: We analyzed the miRNA expression in 11 PMBCs and corresponding normal tissues using miRNA-microarray and real-time PCR, and found that miR-143 and miR-224-5p were significantly downregulated in mucinous carcinoma tissue. Compared with IDC-NSTs, PMBC showed a significantly higher ER positive rate, lower HER-2 positive rate, and lower cell proliferation rates. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the miRNA expression profile of PMBC, and our findings may lead to further understanding of this type of breast cancer.
文摘To study the effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on proliferation inhibition, apoptotic induction, and the relationship between GA-induced apoptosis and intracellular Ca^2+ concentration in human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Methods: After MCF-7 cells were treated with GA at the concentrations from 50 μmol/L to 250 μmol/L for 24 h, cell viability of proliferation was as sessed by MTTassay. After the cells were treated with 100 μmol/L, 150 μmol/L, and 200 μmol/L GA for 24 h, the rates of cell apoptosis were examined by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling method and flow cytometry with Annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescent stain. After the cells treated with 150 μmol/L GA for 24 h, intracellular Ca^2+ concentration was measured by Fure-2 fluorescein load method. Results: After the cells were treated with GA at the concentrations from 100 μmol/L to 250 μmol/L, the rates of proliferative inhibition were increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) in a dosedependent fashion. IC50 of the proliferation inhibition was 234.33 μmol/L. Treated with 100 μmol/L, 150 μmol/L, and 200 μmol/L, the rates of cell apoptosis were increased significantly (P<0.01). Intracellular Ca^2+ concentration after treatment with GA was higher evidently than that of control (P<0.05). Conclusion: 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid has the effects of the proliferation inhibition and the apoptotic induction on MCF-7 cells. The rise of intracellular Ca^2+ level may be depended on apoptosis induced by GA in MCF-7 cells.
文摘Background:To compare two types of therapy for primary breast carcinoma,breast-conserving therapy(BCT) and modified radical mastectomy(MRM),in a matched cohort study.Methods:A series of 1,746 patients with primary breast cancer treated with BCT or MRM in a single Chinese institute between January 2000 and February 2009 were analyzed retrospectively to compare their outcomes with respect to the incidence of local recurrence(LR),distant metastasis,and survival.The patients were matched with regard to age at diagnosis,spreading to axillary lymph nodes,hormone receptor status,the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and maximal tumor diameter.The match ratio was 1:1,and each arm included 873 patients.Results:The median follow-up period was 71 months.The 6-year disease-free survival(DFS) and 6-year distant disease-free survival(DDFS) rates differed significantly between two groups.The 6-year local recurrence-free survival(LRFS) rates were 98.2% [95% confidence interval(CI):0.973-0.989] in the BCT group and 98.7%(95% CI:0.980-0.994) in the MRM group(P=0.182),respectively.DFS rates in BCT and MRM groups were 91.3%(95% CI:0.894-0.932) and 86.3%(95% CI:0.840-0.886)(P<0.001),respectively,whereas the DDFS rates in BCT and MRM groups were 93.6%(95% CI:0.922-0.950) and 87.7%(95% CI:0.854-0.900)(P<0.001),respectively.Conclusions:BCT in eligible patients is as effective as MRM with respect to local tumor control,DFS and DDFS,and may result in a better outcome than MRM in Chinese primary breast cancer patients.
文摘Objective: To establish a stable model of VX2 breast carcinoma in rabbit and select the optimal way. Methods: Thirty female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each. Tumor cell suspensions or tumor mass suspensions were injected into breast tissues of rabbits of group A and B, respectively. Tumor blocks were surgically implanted in rabbit breasts of group C. Tumor formation rate, tumor growth rate, and tumor-bearing survival time was compared, and the histological feature of tumor was observed. Results: Models were established conveniently and successfully in rabbits received injection of tumor mass suspensions. Tumor proliferated rapidly with the biological feature of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: VX2 breast carcinoma model in rabbit was established successfully. Intramammary injection of tumor mass suspension is the best method.
文摘Objective: To elucidate the effects of amlodipine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: Light microscopy was used to determine the effects of amlodipine on cell morphology; Flow cytometry was used to quantitate cells undergoing apoptosis; the expression of a cell cycle-related protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and an antiapoptosis protein, Bcl-2 were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Results: Amlodipine concentration of 8.25 μmol/L (1/2 of IC50) affected the morphology, decreased the expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 and induced apoptosis of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion: The effect of amlodipine on the antiproliferation of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells is related to inducement of apoptosis, and the decrease of the expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA may be the possible mechanism for proliferation inhibitory and inducement of apoptosis.
文摘OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation be- tween cathepsin D (Cath-D) and estrogen receptor (ER)expression in breast cancer tissue and to explore the prognostic significance of their combined determination in breast carcinoma patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. METHODS One hundred and thirty-eight cases of breast carcinoma were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the results relating to patient follow-up analyzed. RESULTS The overall 5 -year disease -free survival rate (DFS) was 60.9% (84/138) in the series. The positive rate of Cath-D expression in the tumor cells was 55.07% and the positive ER staining was 51.4%. A definite significant negative correlation was found between the positive rates for Cath-D and ER (r=-0.294, P=0.001) The Cath-D expression for the cases in clinical Stage II, positive-node and recurrence or distant metastasis, was higher than that those cases in clinical Stage II with fewer node-metastasis and with 5 year DFS (χ2=13.926, P=0.000; χ2= 13.070, P=0.001; χ2=10.545, P=0.001). However, there was no signifi- cant difference of Cath-D expression between 2 groups of patients with different ages or among the different histopathologic types of the non- specific invasive carcinoma. In the combined examination of Cath-D and ER, the cases that were ER (+) and Cath-D (-) had the highest 5-year DFS compared to other situations. In contrast, the cases that were re- versed in expression , ie, ER(-) and Cath-D(+), had a lower 5-year DFS. There was a significant difference between the 2 conditions (χ2=18.675, P=0.000). CONCLUSION A combined determination and analysis of Cath-D and ER expression may be more useful to establish a prognosis than the bio- logical characteristics of carcinomas with positive lymph nodes.
文摘This study aimed to determine and quantitate the mammographic and sonographic characteristics in 13 cases of solid neuroendocrine breast carcinoma(NEBC) and to analyze the association of radiological findings with the clinical and histopathologic findings.The clinical data and imaging findings of 13 female patients with histologically confirmed solid NEBC were reviewed.Imaging data were evaluated by two radiologists for a consensual diagnosis.All patients presented with one palpable mass;only 1 experienced occasional breast pain,and 5 complained of fluid discharge.In 7 patients,the masses were firm and mobile.Regional lymph node metastasis was noted in only 1 patient.For the 10 patients who underwent mammography,6 had a mass,1 had clustered small nodules with clustered punctuate microcalcifications,2 had asymmetric focal density,and 1 had solitary punctuate calcification.Most of the masses had irregular shape with indistinct or microlobulated margins.For the 9 patients who underwent ultrasonography(US),9 masses were depicted,all of which were hypoechoic,mostly with irregular shape and without acoustic phenomena.Different types of acoustic phenomena were also identified.One patient had developed distant metastases during follow-up.NEBC has a variety of presentations,but it is mostly observed on mammograms as a dense,irregular mass with indistinct or microlobulated margins.Sonographically,it typically presents as an irregular,heterogeneously hypoechoic mass with normal sound transmission.Histories of nipple discharge and calcification observed using imaging are not rare.
基金supported by the Grantin-Aid for scientific research(B)No.18300164"Screening of carcinoma cell surface markers and its application in molecular targeting with bionanocapsules"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS).
文摘OBJECTIVE We aimed identification of cell surface molecules,which might serve as diagnostic biomarkers or useful targets fortherapies, in breast cancer.METHODS We developed unique DNA microarray coupledwith spherical self-organizing map (sSOM) analysis to characterizecells and tissues by the cell surface markers. In the microarray 1,797probes for human genes coding membrane bound proteins werespotted. With this microarray the gene expression profiles of eightbreast carcinoma cell lines were compared to identify the genesthat were commonly expressed in breast carcinomas but not innormal cells.RESULTS The gene expression profiles of sSOM from the eightbreast carcinoma cell lines were successfully distinguished fromthat of normal breast tissue derived cells suggesting the presenceof genes of interest. sSOM on the data extensively filtered revealedseveral candidate genes, of which expression was significant incarcinoma cells but low in normal cells. Finally, TM9SF2 wasnominated through validations of PCR procedures together withCD24 and ErbB3, which are known breast carcinoma markers.TM9SF2 expression was further confirmed by immunologicalstaining. Interestingly, TM9SF2 was found to be expressed in allthe cell lines evaluated while CD24 and ErbB3 were not in allof the carcinoma cells, supporting their relationship in sSOM.Although physiological significance of TM9SF2 is unknown yet,siRNA treatment significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells.CONCLUSION We propose TM9SF2 as a novel and usefuldiagnostic marker as well as a potential molecular target specificto breast carcinoma cells covering wide range of breast cancer.
文摘Introduction: The coexistence of tuberculosis with axillary lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma is uncommon. Observation: We report a case of a patient aged 59 years presenting a painless nodule in the right breast for one year. The scan and mammography revealed a long-axis node of 3 × 2 × 1 cm in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast ranked stage IV by the American College of Radiology (ACR), associated with a set of axillary lymph nodes and the largest one measuring 15 × 15 × 20 millimeters (mm). The breast biopsy helped diagnose a Scarff Bloom Richardson (SBR) grade II non-specific invasive carcinoma, modified by Ellis and Elston. A right mastectomy associated with a lymph node dissection was performed. We noticed a not well defined and whitish 5 mm tumor mass associated with 16 lymph nodes removed. The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of SBR grade II non-specific invasive carcinoma with invasion of 7 lymph nodes (N+ = 7/16). In 3 metastatic lymph nodes, there were epithelioid and gigantocellular granulomas with full central necrosis. The Ziehl Neelsen staining had highlighted acid-fast bacilli. The tumor was oestrogen and progesteron receptor, without an overexpression of the oncoprotein human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which corresponds to a 0 score and the Ki 67 proliferation index assessed at 10%. The patient was given an anti-tuberculosis treatment combining Rifampicin (H), Isoniazid (I), Pyrazinamid (Z), Ethambutol (E) over 2 months and secondly a combination of Rifampicin and Isoniazid over 4 months (2RHZE/4 RH). The anti-tumor chemotherapy used a protocol combining 3 FAC60+ 3 Docetaxel (F = Fluorouracil®A = Adriblastin®, C = Cyclophosphamid). Conclusion: This coexistence is uncommon, of incidental discovery and necessitates a multidisciplinary care.
文摘Objectives: To evaluate the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and it’s effect on chemotherapy response in metastatic breast carcinoma. Methods: 46 postoperative patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were enrolled. P-gp expression was detected by SABC immunohistochemical method. These patients were treated with combined chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin and 5-fluorouracil for at least two cycles. The relationship between P-gp expression and chemotherapeutic response was analyzed. Results: The positive rate of P-gp expression was 56.5%, the P-gp expression in the patients with lung or liver metastasis was higher than that in patients with skin or lymph node metastasis (P=0.049). The overall response rate was 58.1% in 43 patients; the response rate (89.5%) of the P-gp negative group was higher than that (30.0%) of the P-gp positive group (P<0.01). The response rate (87.5%) in the patients with skin or lymph node metastasis was higher than that (40.7%) in the patients with lung or liver metastasis (P<0.05). In the postoperative patients who had received CAF or CMF regimen adjuvant chemotherapy previously, the response rate of metastatic diseases to chemotherapy had no significant difference (71.4% and 37.5%, respectively) (P=0.052). Conclusion: Patients with metastatic breast carcinoma had higher P-gp expression and these patients should be treated with non-MDR drugs chemotherapy.
