Halite and gypsum minerals in saline shale make the retention mechanism and chemical fractionation of residual oil unique. The Dongpu Depression in North China is a typically saline lacustrine basin with developing ha...Halite and gypsum minerals in saline shale make the retention mechanism and chemical fractionation of residual oil unique. The Dongpu Depression in North China is a typically saline lacustrine basin with developing halite and gypsum. The effect of gypsum minerals on residual oil content and chemical fractionation remains unclear. In this study, shale samples with different gypsum contents were used in organic geochemical experiments, showing that the high total organic matter (TOC) content and type II kerogen leads to a high residual oil content, as shown by high values of volatile hydrocarbon (S1) and extractable organic matter (EOM). XRD and FE-SEM result indicate that the existence of gypsum in saline shale contributes to an enhanced pore space and a higher residual oil content in comparison to non-gypsum shale. Additionally, the increase in the gypsum mineral content leads to an increase in the saturated hydrocarbon percentage and a decrease in polar components percentage (resins and asphaltene). Furthermore, thermal simulation experiments on low-mature saline shale show that the percentage of saturated hydrocarbons in the residual oil is high and remains stable and that the storage space is mainly mesoporous (> 20 nm) in the oil expulsion stage. However, the saturated hydrocarbons percentage decreases rapidly, and oil exists in mesopores (> 20 nm and < 5 nm) in the gas expulsion stage. In general, gypsum is conducive to the development of pore space, the adsorption of hydrocarbons and the occurrence of saturated hydrocarbon, leading to large quantities of residual oil. The data in this paper should prove to be reliable for shale oil exploration in saline lacustrine basins.展开更多
The effects of lanthanum on rice growth, phosphorus uptake and phosphorus chemical fractions in rice were studied with split root solution culture. Results show that low concentration of La (0.05～1.5 mg·L -1 ) s...The effects of lanthanum on rice growth, phosphorus uptake and phosphorus chemical fractions in rice were studied with split root solution culture. Results show that low concentration of La (0.05～1.5 mg·L -1 ) significantly increases rice yield while high La concentration (9～30 mg·L -1 ) markedly decreases rice yield. When La concentration is 0.05～0.75 mg·L -1 , La increases stem and root dry weight, but the difference is not statistically significant. La significantly increases EDTA P and inorganic P content in the stem and root. More than 80% of the increase of phosphors content in roots attributing to increase of EDTA P and inorganic P. Low La concentration (0.05～0.75 mg·L -1 ) increases nucleic P content in root, but high La concentration (30 mg·L -1 ) decreases nucleic P and ester P content in root. The residue P content increases in the root and stem. Also the relationship between the chemical fractions of phosphorus and its uptake by rice was discussed.展开更多
The chemical fractions,i.e.,water soluble(WS),exchangeable(Ex),carbonate(Car),weakly organic(WO),Fe-Mn oxide(FMO),strongly organic(SO),residual(Res) fraction,of Pb in irrigated soils in South China were investigated b...The chemical fractions,i.e.,water soluble(WS),exchangeable(Ex),carbonate(Car),weakly organic(WO),Fe-Mn oxide(FMO),strongly organic(SO),residual(Res) fraction,of Pb in irrigated soils in South China were investigated by a modified Tessier sequential extraction technique.The results show that the chemical fraction of Pb in soil is mainly the Res fraction and followed by FMO fraction,and the WS,WO,FMO,and SO fractions in topsoils(0-10 cm) are higher than those in subsoils(30-40 cm).The sum of contents of WS and Ex fractions(SWE) in topsoils is significantly positively related with that in subsoils,indicating the strong mobility of Pb in WS and Ex fractions in soils,and the SWE in soils is higher than the German trigger value for the transfer path soil-plant,indicating the high bioavailability of Pb in soils of this area.Fortunately,SWE and the ratio of WS and Ex fractions(RWE) to the sum of all fractions generally decrease with the soil depth in soil profile and the RWE in soil profile is lower than 0.5%,indicating the low pollution risk for Pb in groundwater.In addition,soil particles,pH and Fe2O3 play an important role in the impact of mobility and chemical fractions of Pb in soils.展开更多
Total concentrations of Zn in the sediments of the offshore and intertidal areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were recently reported in the literaturs. However, total concentrations of metals in the sedime...Total concentrations of Zn in the sediments of the offshore and intertidal areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were recently reported in the literaturs. However, total concentrations of metals in the sediment samples do not reflect the portion or carrier phase which is attributable to anthropogenic activities and those of natural origins. In this work, geochemical fraction of Zn in the sediments of the same areas was studied and the potential use of CV as an indicator of Zn pollution was determined. The geochemical study by using sequential extraction technique revealed that nonresistant fraction of the offshore and intertidal sediments (summation of ‘easily or freely leachable and exhangeable (EFLE)’, ‘acid-reducible’ and ‘oxidisable-organic’) covered about 30% and 48% of total zinc concentrations, respectively, in the sediments while most of the total zinc concentrations (offshore: 70%; intertidal: 52%) found in the sediments could be mostly due to natural origins (nonresistant fraction). Thus, the Zn levels in the Straits of Malacca should not pose a risk to the living organisms. Based on Spearman’s correlation coefficients, the source of Zn contamination in the Straits of Malacca was mainly contributed by the intertidal coastal area rather than offshore area. The present study also indicated the coefficient of variation can be used as a potential indicator of total summation of geochemical Zn concentrations in the coastal sediment but of different geochemical of Zn needs further validation.展开更多
The lack of understanding of heavy metal speciation and solubility control mechanisms in smelting soils limits the effective pollution control.In this study smelting soils were investigated by an advanced mineralogica...The lack of understanding of heavy metal speciation and solubility control mechanisms in smelting soils limits the effective pollution control.In this study smelting soils were investigated by an advanced mineralogical analysis(AMICS),leaching tests and thermodynamic modelling.The aims were to identify the partitioning and release behaviour of Pb,Zn,Cd and As.The integration of multiple techniques was necessary and displayed coherent results.In addition to the residual fraction,Pb and Zn were predominantly associated with reducible fractions,and As primarily existed as the crystalline iron oxide-bound fractions.AMICS quantitative analysis further confirmed that Fe oxyhydroxides were the common dominant phase for As,Cd,Pb and Zn.In addition,a metal arsenate(paulmooreite)was an important mineral host for Pb and As.The pH-stat leaching indicted that the release of Pb,Zn and Cd increased towards low pH values while release of As increased towards high p H values.The separate leaching schemes were associated with the geochemical behaviour under the control of minerals and were confirmed by thermodynamic modelling.PHREEQC calculations suggested that the formation of arsenate minerals(schultenite,mimetite and koritnigite)and the binding to Fe oxyhydroxides synchronously controlled the release of Pb,Zn,Cd and As.Our results emphasized the governing role of Fe oxyhydroxides and secondary insoluble minerals in natural attenuation of heavy metals,which provides a novelty strategy for the stabilization of multi-metals in smelting sites.展开更多
Street dust is one of the most important carriers of heavy metals(HMs)originating from natural and anthropogenic sources.The main purpose of the work was to identify which of Fe-bearing phases bind HMs in street dust....Street dust is one of the most important carriers of heavy metals(HMs)originating from natural and anthropogenic sources.The main purpose of the work was to identify which of Fe-bearing phases bind HMs in street dust.Magnetic parameters of the Fe-bearing components,mainly magnetically strong iron oxides,are used to assess the level of HM pollution.Chemical sequential extraction combined with magnetic methods(magnetic susceptibility,magnetization,remanent magnetization)allowed determining the metal-bearing fractions and identifying the iron forms that aremostly associated with traffic-related HMs.The use of Mossbauer spectrometry(MS)supplemented bymagnetic methods(thermomagnetic curves and psarameters of hysteresis loops)enabled precise identification and characterization of iron-containing minerals.The classification of HMs into five chemical fractions differing in mobility and bioaccessibility revealed that iron is most abundant(over 95%)in the residual fraction followed by the reducible fraction.HMs were present in reducible fraction in the following order:Pb>Zn>Mn>Cr>Ni>Fe>Cu,while they bound to the residual fraction in the following order:Fe>Ni>Cr>Mn>Pb>Cu>Zn.The signature of the anthropogenic origin of street dust is the presence of strongly nonstoichiometric and defected grains of magnetite and their porous surface.Magnetite also occurs as an admixture with maghemite,and with a significant proportion of hematite.A distinctive feature of street dust is the presence of metallic iron and iron carbides.Magnetic methods are efficient in the screening test to determine the level ofHMpollution,while MS helps to identify the iron-bearing minerals through the detection of iron.展开更多
Graphene(Gr)has unique properties including high electrical conductivity;Thus,graphene/copper(Gr/Cu)composites have attracted increasing attention to replace traditional Cu for electrical applications. However,the pro...Graphene(Gr)has unique properties including high electrical conductivity;Thus,graphene/copper(Gr/Cu)composites have attracted increasing attention to replace traditional Cu for electrical applications. However,the problem of how to control graphene to form desired Gr/Cu composite is not well solved. This paper aims at exploring the best parameters for preparing graphene with different layers on Cu foil by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method and studying the effects of different layers graphene on Gr/Cu composite’s electrical conductivity. Graphene grown on single-sided and double-sided copper was prepared for Gr/Cu and Gr/Cu/Gr composites. The resultant electrical conductivity of Gr/Cu composites increased with decreasing graphene layers and increasing graphene volume fraction. The Gr/Cu/Gr composite with monolayer graphene owns volume fraction of less than 0.002%,producing the best electrical conductivity up to59.8 ×10^(6)S/m,equivalent to 104.5% IACS and 105.3% pure Cu foil.展开更多
BACKGROUND Left ventricular(LV)remodeling and diastolic function in people with heart failure(HF)are correlated with iron status;however,the causality is uncertain.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study investigated th...BACKGROUND Left ventricular(LV)remodeling and diastolic function in people with heart failure(HF)are correlated with iron status;however,the causality is uncertain.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study investigated the bidirectional causal relationship between systemic iron parameters and LV structure and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.METHODS Transferrin saturation(TSAT),total iron binding capacity(TIBC),and serum iron and ferritin levels were extracted as instrumental variables for iron parameters from meta-analyses of public genome-wide association studies.Individuals without myocardial infarction history,HF,or LV ejection fraction(LVEF)<50%(n=16,923)in the UK Biobank Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study constituted the outcome dataset.The dataset included LV end-diastolic volume,LV endsystolic volume,LV mass(LVM),and LVM-to-end-diastolic volume ratio(LVMVR).We used a two-sample bidirectional MR study with inverse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analysis method and estimation methods using different algorithms to improve the robustness of the results.RESULTS In the IVW analysis,one standard deviation(SD)increased in TSAT significantly correlated with decreased LVMVR(β=-0.1365;95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.2092 to-0.0638;P=0.0002)after Bonferroni adjustment.Conversely,no significant relationships were observed between other iron and LV parameters.After Bonferroni correction,reverse MR analysis showed that one SD increase in LVEF significantly correlated with decreased TSAT(β=-0.0699;95%CI:-0.1087 to-0.0311;P=0.0004).No heterogeneity or pleiotropic effects evidence was observed in the analysis.CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a causal relationship between TSAT and LV remodeling and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.展开更多
BACKGROUND The recently introduced ultrasonic flow ratio(UFR),is a novel fast computational method to derive fractional flow reserve(FFR)from intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)images.In the present study,we evaluate the d...BACKGROUND The recently introduced ultrasonic flow ratio(UFR),is a novel fast computational method to derive fractional flow reserve(FFR)from intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)images.In the present study,we evaluate the diagnostic performance of UFR in patients with intermediate left main(LM)stenosis.METHODS This is a prospective,single center study enrolling consecutive patients with presence of intermediated LM lesions(diameter stenosis of 30%-80%by visual estimation)underwent IVUS and FFR measurement.An independent core laboratory assessed offline UFR and IVUS-derived minimal lumen area(MLA)in a blinded fashion.RESULTS Both UFR and FFR were successfully achieved in 41 LM patients(mean age,62.0±9.9 years,46.3%diabetes).An acceptable correlation between UFR and FFR was identified(r=0.688,P<0.0001),with an absolute numerical difference of 0.03(standard difference:0.01).The area under the curve(AUC)in diagnosis of physiologically significant coronary stenosis for UFR was 0.94(95%CI:0.87-1.01),which was significantly higher than angiographic identified stenosis>50%(AUC=0.66,P<0.001)and numerically higher than IVUS-derived MLA(AUC=0.82;P=0.09).Patient level diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for UFR to identify FFR≤0.80 was 82.9%(95%CI:70.2-95.7),93.1%(95%CI:82.2-100.0),58.3%(95%CI:26.3-90.4),respectively.CONCLUSION In patients with intermediate LM diseases,UFR was proved to be associated with acceptable correlation and high accuracy with pressure wire-based FFR as standard reference.The present study supports the use of UFR for functional evaluation of intermediate LM stenosis.展开更多
In recent years,fractional-order chaotic maps have been paid more attention in publications because of the memory effect.This paper presents a novel variable-order fractional sine map(VFSM)based on the discrete fracti...In recent years,fractional-order chaotic maps have been paid more attention in publications because of the memory effect.This paper presents a novel variable-order fractional sine map(VFSM)based on the discrete fractional calculus.Specially,the order is defined as an iterative function that incorporates the current state of the system.By analyzing phase diagrams,time sequences,bifurcations,Lyapunov exponents and fuzzy entropy complexity,the dynamics of the proposed map are investigated comparing with the constant-order fractional sine map.The results reveal that the variable order has a good effect on improving the chaotic performance,and it enlarges the range of available parameter values as well as reduces non-chaotic windows.Multiple coexisting attractors also enrich the dynamics of VFSM and prove its sensitivity to initial values.Moreover,the sequence generated by the proposed map passes the statistical test for pseudorandom number and shows strong robustness to parameter estimation,which proves the potential applications in the field of information security.展开更多
Background Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo development.In some mammals,like pigs,ejaculates are emitted in three separa...Background Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo development.In some mammals,like pigs,ejaculates are emitted in three separate fractions:pre-sperm,sperm-rich(SRF)and post sperm-rich(PSRF).These fractions are known to vary in volume,sperm concentration and quality,as well as in the origin and composition of seminal plasma(SP),with differences being also observed within the SRF one.Yet,whether disparities in the DNA integrity and chromatin condensation and pro-tamination of their sperm exist has not been interrogated.Results This study determined chromatin protamination(Chromomycin A3 test,CMA_(3)),condensation(Dibromobi-mane test,DBB),and DNA integrity(Comet assay)in the pig sperm contained in the first 10 m L of the SRF(SRF-P1),the remaining portion of the sperm-rich fraction(SRF-P2),and the post sperm-rich fraction(PSRF).While chromatin protamination was found to be similar between the different ejaculate fractions(P>0.05),chromatin condensation was seen to be greater in SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 than in the PSRF(P=0.018 and P=0.004,respectively).Regarding DNA integrity,no differences between fractions were observed(P>0.05).As the SRF-P1 has the highest sperm concentra-tion and ejaculate fractions are known to differ in antioxidant composition,the oxidative stress index(OSi)in SP,calcu-lated as total oxidant activity divided by total antioxidant capacity,was tested and confirmed to be higher in the SRF-P1 than in SRF-P2 and PSRF(0.42±0.06 vs.0.23±0.09 and 0.08±0.00,respectively;P<0.01);this index,in addition,was observed to be correlated to the sperm concentration of each fraction(Rs=0.973;P<0.001).Conclusion While sperm DNA integrity was not found to differ between ejaculate fractions,SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 were observed to exhibit greater chromatin condensation than the PSRF.This could be related to the OSi of each fraction.展开更多
Considerable progress has been made in recent years to the development of sustainable polymers from bio-based feedstocks.In this study,100%bio-based nylons were prepared via an integrated chemical and biological proce...Considerable progress has been made in recent years to the development of sustainable polymers from bio-based feedstocks.In this study,100%bio-based nylons were prepared via an integrated chemical and biological process from lignocellulose.These novel nylons were obtained by the melt polymerization of 3-propyladipic acid derived from lignin and 1,5-pentenediamine/1,4-butanediamine derived from carbohydrate sugar.Central to the concept is a three-step noble metal free catalytic chemical funnelling sequence(Raney Ni mediated reductive catalytic fractionation-reductive funnelling-oxidative funnelling),which allowed for obtaining a single component 3-propyladipic acid from lignin with high efficiency.The structural and thermodynamic properties of the obtained nylons have been systematically investigated,and thus obtained transparent bio-based nylons exhibited higher Mw(>32,000)and excellent thermal stability(Td5%>265℃).Considering their moderate Tg and good melt strength,these transparent bio-based nylons could serve as promising functional additives or temperature-responsive materials.展开更多
A significant obstacle impeding the advancement of the time fractional Schrodinger equation lies in the challenge of determining its precise mathematical formulation.In order to address this,we undertake an exploratio...A significant obstacle impeding the advancement of the time fractional Schrodinger equation lies in the challenge of determining its precise mathematical formulation.In order to address this,we undertake an exploration of the time fractional Schrodinger equation within the context of a non-Markovian environment.By leveraging a two-level atom as an illustrative case,we find that the choice to raise i to the order of the time derivative is inappropriate.In contrast to the conventional approach used to depict the dynamic evolution of quantum states in a non-Markovian environment,the time fractional Schrodinger equation,when devoid of fractional-order operations on the imaginary unit i,emerges as a more intuitively comprehensible framework in physics and offers greater simplicity in computational aspects.Meanwhile,we also prove that it is meaningless to study the memory of time fractional Schrodinger equation with time derivative 1<α≤2.It should be noted that we have not yet constructed an open system that can be fully described by the time fractional Schrodinger equation.This will be the focus of future research.Our study might provide a new perspective on the role of time fractional Schrodinger equation.展开更多
Let B^(H) be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index 1/2≤H<1.In this paper,we consider the equation(called the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a linear self-repelling drift)dX_(t)^(H)=dB_(t)^(H)+σ X_(t)^(H)...Let B^(H) be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index 1/2≤H<1.In this paper,we consider the equation(called the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a linear self-repelling drift)dX_(t)^(H)=dB_(t)^(H)+σ X_(t)^(H)dt+vdt-θ(∫_(0)^(t)(X_(t)^(H)-X_(s)^(H))ds)dt,whereθ<0,σ,v∈ℝ.The process is an analogue of self-attracting diffusion(Cranston,Le Jan.Math Ann,1995,303:87–93).Our main aim is to study the large time behaviors of the process.We show that the solution X^(H)diverges to infinity as t tends to infinity,and obtain the speed at which the process X^(H)diverges to infinity.展开更多
Walnut oil is a functional wood oil known to researchers that may potentially be a large source of Chinese edible oils.There are various extraction methods for walnut oil,including traditional(pressing,solvent-and enz...Walnut oil is a functional wood oil known to researchers that may potentially be a large source of Chinese edible oils.There are various extraction methods for walnut oil,including traditional(pressing,solvent-and enzymeassisted extraction)and novel methods(microwave,ultrasound,supercritical CO_(2),subcritical and other extraction technologies).Walnut oil is rich in nutrients,including phytosterols,tocopherols,polyphenols,squalene and minerals.It provides many health benefits,such as antioxidant,antitumor,anti-inflammatory,antidiabetic and lipid metabolism-related functions.In addition,the authentication of walnut oil has received much research attention.The present review provides detailed research on walnut oil extraction,composition,health benefits and adulteration identification methods.The path toward further walnut oil improvement in the context of the market value of walnut oil is also discussed.展开更多
The goal of this research is to develop a new,simplified analytical method known as the ARA-residue power series method for obtaining exact-approximate solutions employing Caputo type fractional partial differential e...The goal of this research is to develop a new,simplified analytical method known as the ARA-residue power series method for obtaining exact-approximate solutions employing Caputo type fractional partial differential equations(PDEs)with variable coefficient.ARA-transform is a robust and highly flexible generalization that unifies several existing transforms.The key concept behind this method is to create approximate series outcomes by implementing the ARA-transform and Taylor’s expansion.The process of finding approximations for dynamical fractional-order PDEs is challenging,but the ARA-residual power series technique magnifies this challenge by articulating the solution in a series pattern and then determining the series coefficients by employing the residual component and the limit at infinity concepts.This approach is effective and useful for solving a massive class of fractional-order PDEs.Five appealing implementations are taken into consideration to demonstrate the effectiveness of the projected technique in creating solitary series findings for the governing equations with variable coefficients.Additionally,several visualizations are drawn for different fractional-order values.Besides that,the estimated findings by the proposed technique are in close agreement with the exact outcomes.Finally,statistical analyses further validate the efficacy,dependability and steady interconnectivity of the suggested ARA-residue power series approach.展开更多
In an effort to clarify the formation mechanism of LPSO structure in Mg-Y-Zn alloy,the chemical environment and structural ordering in liquid Mg-rich Mg-Y-Zn system are investigated with the aid of ab-initio molecular...In an effort to clarify the formation mechanism of LPSO structure in Mg-Y-Zn alloy,the chemical environment and structural ordering in liquid Mg-rich Mg-Y-Zn system are investigated with the aid of ab-initio molecular dynamics simulation.In liquid Mg-rich Mg-Y alloys,the strong Mg-Y interaction is determined,which promotes the formation of fivefold symmetric local structure.For Mg-Zn alloys,the weak Mg-Zn interaction results in the fivefold symmetry weakening in the liquid structure.Due to the coexistence of Y and Zn,the strong attractive interaction is introduced in liquid Mg-Y-Zn ternary alloy,and contributes to the clustering of Mg,Y,Zn launched from Zn.What is more,the distribution of local structures becomes closer to that in pure Mg compared with that in binary Mg-Y and Mg-Zn alloys.These results should relate to the origins of the Y/Zn segregation zone and close-packed stacking mode in LPSO structure,which provides a new insight into the formation mechanism of LPSO structure at atomic level.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction derived from Sargassum pallidum extract against particulate matter(PM)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT cells and zebrafish.Methods:HaCa...Objective:To evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction derived from Sargassum pallidum extract against particulate matter(PM)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT cells and zebrafish.Methods:HaCaT cells and zebrafish were used to evaluate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.The production of nitric oxide(NO),intracellular ROS,prostaglandin E2(PGE2),and pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB were evaluated in PM-induced HaCaT cells.Furthermore,the levels of ROS,NO,and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the PM-exposed zebrafish model.Results:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract significantly decreased the production of NO,intracellular ROS,and PGE2 in PM-induced HaCaT cells.In addition,the fraction markedly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB.Furthermore,it displayed remarkable protective effects against PM-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress,represented by the reduction of NO,ROS,and lipid peroxidation in zebrafish.Conclusions:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract exhibits a protective effect against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo and has the potential as a candidate for the development of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (41872128)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (No. 2462020YXZZ021).
文摘Halite and gypsum minerals in saline shale make the retention mechanism and chemical fractionation of residual oil unique. The Dongpu Depression in North China is a typically saline lacustrine basin with developing halite and gypsum. The effect of gypsum minerals on residual oil content and chemical fractionation remains unclear. In this study, shale samples with different gypsum contents were used in organic geochemical experiments, showing that the high total organic matter (TOC) content and type II kerogen leads to a high residual oil content, as shown by high values of volatile hydrocarbon (S1) and extractable organic matter (EOM). XRD and FE-SEM result indicate that the existence of gypsum in saline shale contributes to an enhanced pore space and a higher residual oil content in comparison to non-gypsum shale. Additionally, the increase in the gypsum mineral content leads to an increase in the saturated hydrocarbon percentage and a decrease in polar components percentage (resins and asphaltene). Furthermore, thermal simulation experiments on low-mature saline shale show that the percentage of saturated hydrocarbons in the residual oil is high and remains stable and that the storage space is mainly mesoporous (> 20 nm) in the oil expulsion stage. However, the saturated hydrocarbons percentage decreases rapidly, and oil exists in mesopores (> 20 nm and < 5 nm) in the gas expulsion stage. In general, gypsum is conducive to the development of pore space, the adsorption of hydrocarbons and the occurrence of saturated hydrocarbon, leading to large quantities of residual oil. The data in this paper should prove to be reliable for shale oil exploration in saline lacustrine basins.
文摘The effects of lanthanum on rice growth, phosphorus uptake and phosphorus chemical fractions in rice were studied with split root solution culture. Results show that low concentration of La (0.05～1.5 mg·L -1 ) significantly increases rice yield while high La concentration (9～30 mg·L -1 ) markedly decreases rice yield. When La concentration is 0.05～0.75 mg·L -1 , La increases stem and root dry weight, but the difference is not statistically significant. La significantly increases EDTA P and inorganic P content in the stem and root. More than 80% of the increase of phosphors content in roots attributing to increase of EDTA P and inorganic P. Low La concentration (0.05～0.75 mg·L -1 ) increases nucleic P content in root, but high La concentration (30 mg·L -1 ) decreases nucleic P and ester P content in root. The residue P content increases in the root and stem. Also the relationship between the chemical fractions of phosphorus and its uptake by rice was discussed.
基金Project(41103059) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB428806-2) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The chemical fractions,i.e.,water soluble(WS),exchangeable(Ex),carbonate(Car),weakly organic(WO),Fe-Mn oxide(FMO),strongly organic(SO),residual(Res) fraction,of Pb in irrigated soils in South China were investigated by a modified Tessier sequential extraction technique.The results show that the chemical fraction of Pb in soil is mainly the Res fraction and followed by FMO fraction,and the WS,WO,FMO,and SO fractions in topsoils(0-10 cm) are higher than those in subsoils(30-40 cm).The sum of contents of WS and Ex fractions(SWE) in topsoils is significantly positively related with that in subsoils,indicating the strong mobility of Pb in WS and Ex fractions in soils,and the SWE in soils is higher than the German trigger value for the transfer path soil-plant,indicating the high bioavailability of Pb in soils of this area.Fortunately,SWE and the ratio of WS and Ex fractions(RWE) to the sum of all fractions generally decrease with the soil depth in soil profile and the RWE in soil profile is lower than 0.5%,indicating the low pollution risk for Pb in groundwater.In addition,soil particles,pH and Fe2O3 play an important role in the impact of mobility and chemical fractions of Pb in soils.
文摘Total concentrations of Zn in the sediments of the offshore and intertidal areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were recently reported in the literaturs. However, total concentrations of metals in the sediment samples do not reflect the portion or carrier phase which is attributable to anthropogenic activities and those of natural origins. In this work, geochemical fraction of Zn in the sediments of the same areas was studied and the potential use of CV as an indicator of Zn pollution was determined. The geochemical study by using sequential extraction technique revealed that nonresistant fraction of the offshore and intertidal sediments (summation of ‘easily or freely leachable and exhangeable (EFLE)’, ‘acid-reducible’ and ‘oxidisable-organic’) covered about 30% and 48% of total zinc concentrations, respectively, in the sediments while most of the total zinc concentrations (offshore: 70%; intertidal: 52%) found in the sediments could be mostly due to natural origins (nonresistant fraction). Thus, the Zn levels in the Straits of Malacca should not pose a risk to the living organisms. Based on Spearman’s correlation coefficients, the source of Zn contamination in the Straits of Malacca was mainly contributed by the intertidal coastal area rather than offshore area. The present study also indicated the coefficient of variation can be used as a potential indicator of total summation of geochemical Zn concentrations in the coastal sediment but of different geochemical of Zn needs further validation.
基金Project(2232013A3-08)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject supported by Shanghai Pujiang Program and DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program,China
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1803601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177392)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(No.2021zzts0122)。
文摘The lack of understanding of heavy metal speciation and solubility control mechanisms in smelting soils limits the effective pollution control.In this study smelting soils were investigated by an advanced mineralogical analysis(AMICS),leaching tests and thermodynamic modelling.The aims were to identify the partitioning and release behaviour of Pb,Zn,Cd and As.The integration of multiple techniques was necessary and displayed coherent results.In addition to the residual fraction,Pb and Zn were predominantly associated with reducible fractions,and As primarily existed as the crystalline iron oxide-bound fractions.AMICS quantitative analysis further confirmed that Fe oxyhydroxides were the common dominant phase for As,Cd,Pb and Zn.In addition,a metal arsenate(paulmooreite)was an important mineral host for Pb and As.The pH-stat leaching indicted that the release of Pb,Zn and Cd increased towards low pH values while release of As increased towards high p H values.The separate leaching schemes were associated with the geochemical behaviour under the control of minerals and were confirmed by thermodynamic modelling.PHREEQC calculations suggested that the formation of arsenate minerals(schultenite,mimetite and koritnigite)and the binding to Fe oxyhydroxides synchronously controlled the release of Pb,Zn,Cd and As.Our results emphasized the governing role of Fe oxyhydroxides and secondary insoluble minerals in natural attenuation of heavy metals,which provides a novelty strategy for the stabilization of multi-metals in smelting sites.
基金supported in part by the statutory grant 3179/25/P-DBUPB/2015/063research work No. 3522/182/P realized in University of Technology and Humanities in Radomstatutory activities No. 3841/E-41/S/2022 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland
文摘Street dust is one of the most important carriers of heavy metals(HMs)originating from natural and anthropogenic sources.The main purpose of the work was to identify which of Fe-bearing phases bind HMs in street dust.Magnetic parameters of the Fe-bearing components,mainly magnetically strong iron oxides,are used to assess the level of HM pollution.Chemical sequential extraction combined with magnetic methods(magnetic susceptibility,magnetization,remanent magnetization)allowed determining the metal-bearing fractions and identifying the iron forms that aremostly associated with traffic-related HMs.The use of Mossbauer spectrometry(MS)supplemented bymagnetic methods(thermomagnetic curves and psarameters of hysteresis loops)enabled precise identification and characterization of iron-containing minerals.The classification of HMs into five chemical fractions differing in mobility and bioaccessibility revealed that iron is most abundant(over 95%)in the residual fraction followed by the reducible fraction.HMs were present in reducible fraction in the following order:Pb>Zn>Mn>Cr>Ni>Fe>Cu,while they bound to the residual fraction in the following order:Fe>Ni>Cr>Mn>Pb>Cu>Zn.The signature of the anthropogenic origin of street dust is the presence of strongly nonstoichiometric and defected grains of magnetite and their porous surface.Magnetite also occurs as an admixture with maghemite,and with a significant proportion of hematite.A distinctive feature of street dust is the presence of metallic iron and iron carbides.Magnetic methods are efficient in the screening test to determine the level ofHMpollution,while MS helps to identify the iron-bearing minerals through the detection of iron.
基金supported substantially by the Southwest Jiaotong University for Material and Financial Support。
文摘Graphene(Gr)has unique properties including high electrical conductivity;Thus,graphene/copper(Gr/Cu)composites have attracted increasing attention to replace traditional Cu for electrical applications. However,the problem of how to control graphene to form desired Gr/Cu composite is not well solved. This paper aims at exploring the best parameters for preparing graphene with different layers on Cu foil by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method and studying the effects of different layers graphene on Gr/Cu composite’s electrical conductivity. Graphene grown on single-sided and double-sided copper was prepared for Gr/Cu and Gr/Cu/Gr composites. The resultant electrical conductivity of Gr/Cu composites increased with decreasing graphene layers and increasing graphene volume fraction. The Gr/Cu/Gr composite with monolayer graphene owns volume fraction of less than 0.002%,producing the best electrical conductivity up to59.8 ×10^(6)S/m,equivalent to 104.5% IACS and 105.3% pure Cu foil.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development of the Gansu Province(No.20YF8FA 079)the Construction Project of the Gansu Clinical Medical Research Center(No.18JR2FA003).
文摘BACKGROUND Left ventricular(LV)remodeling and diastolic function in people with heart failure(HF)are correlated with iron status;however,the causality is uncertain.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study investigated the bidirectional causal relationship between systemic iron parameters and LV structure and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.METHODS Transferrin saturation(TSAT),total iron binding capacity(TIBC),and serum iron and ferritin levels were extracted as instrumental variables for iron parameters from meta-analyses of public genome-wide association studies.Individuals without myocardial infarction history,HF,or LV ejection fraction(LVEF)<50%(n=16,923)in the UK Biobank Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study constituted the outcome dataset.The dataset included LV end-diastolic volume,LV endsystolic volume,LV mass(LVM),and LVM-to-end-diastolic volume ratio(LVMVR).We used a two-sample bidirectional MR study with inverse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analysis method and estimation methods using different algorithms to improve the robustness of the results.RESULTS In the IVW analysis,one standard deviation(SD)increased in TSAT significantly correlated with decreased LVMVR(β=-0.1365;95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.2092 to-0.0638;P=0.0002)after Bonferroni adjustment.Conversely,no significant relationships were observed between other iron and LV parameters.After Bonferroni correction,reverse MR analysis showed that one SD increase in LVEF significantly correlated with decreased TSAT(β=-0.0699;95%CI:-0.1087 to-0.0311;P=0.0004).No heterogeneity or pleiotropic effects evidence was observed in the analysis.CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a causal relationship between TSAT and LV remodeling and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2022–12M-C&TB-043).
文摘BACKGROUND The recently introduced ultrasonic flow ratio(UFR),is a novel fast computational method to derive fractional flow reserve(FFR)from intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)images.In the present study,we evaluate the diagnostic performance of UFR in patients with intermediate left main(LM)stenosis.METHODS This is a prospective,single center study enrolling consecutive patients with presence of intermediated LM lesions(diameter stenosis of 30%-80%by visual estimation)underwent IVUS and FFR measurement.An independent core laboratory assessed offline UFR and IVUS-derived minimal lumen area(MLA)in a blinded fashion.RESULTS Both UFR and FFR were successfully achieved in 41 LM patients(mean age,62.0±9.9 years,46.3%diabetes).An acceptable correlation between UFR and FFR was identified(r=0.688,P<0.0001),with an absolute numerical difference of 0.03(standard difference:0.01).The area under the curve(AUC)in diagnosis of physiologically significant coronary stenosis for UFR was 0.94(95%CI:0.87-1.01),which was significantly higher than angiographic identified stenosis>50%(AUC=0.66,P<0.001)and numerically higher than IVUS-derived MLA(AUC=0.82;P=0.09).Patient level diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for UFR to identify FFR≤0.80 was 82.9%(95%CI:70.2-95.7),93.1%(95%CI:82.2-100.0),58.3%(95%CI:26.3-90.4),respectively.CONCLUSION In patients with intermediate LM diseases,UFR was proved to be associated with acceptable correlation and high accuracy with pressure wire-based FFR as standard reference.The present study supports the use of UFR for functional evaluation of intermediate LM stenosis.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62071496,61901530,and 62061008)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2020JJ5767).
文摘In recent years,fractional-order chaotic maps have been paid more attention in publications because of the memory effect.This paper presents a novel variable-order fractional sine map(VFSM)based on the discrete fractional calculus.Specially,the order is defined as an iterative function that incorporates the current state of the system.By analyzing phase diagrams,time sequences,bifurcations,Lyapunov exponents and fuzzy entropy complexity,the dynamics of the proposed map are investigated comparing with the constant-order fractional sine map.The results reveal that the variable order has a good effect on improving the chaotic performance,and it enlarges the range of available parameter values as well as reduces non-chaotic windows.Multiple coexisting attractors also enrich the dynamics of VFSM and prove its sensitivity to initial values.Moreover,the sequence generated by the proposed map passes the statistical test for pseudorandom number and shows strong robustness to parameter estimation,which proves the potential applications in the field of information security.
基金This research was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation scheme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No.801342(Tecniospring INDUSTRYGrant:TECSPR-19-1-0003)+4 种基金the Ministry of Science and Innovation,Spain(Grants:PID2020-113320RB-I00,PID2020-113493RB-I00,RYC2021-034546-I and RYC2021-034764-I)the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants,Regional Government of Catalonia,Spain(Grants:2017-SGR-1229 and 2021-SGR-00900)the Seneca Foundation,Regional Government of Murcia,Spain(Grant:21935/PI/22)La Marato de TV3 Foundation(Grant:214/857-202039)and the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA).
文摘Background Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo development.In some mammals,like pigs,ejaculates are emitted in three separate fractions:pre-sperm,sperm-rich(SRF)and post sperm-rich(PSRF).These fractions are known to vary in volume,sperm concentration and quality,as well as in the origin and composition of seminal plasma(SP),with differences being also observed within the SRF one.Yet,whether disparities in the DNA integrity and chromatin condensation and pro-tamination of their sperm exist has not been interrogated.Results This study determined chromatin protamination(Chromomycin A3 test,CMA_(3)),condensation(Dibromobi-mane test,DBB),and DNA integrity(Comet assay)in the pig sperm contained in the first 10 m L of the SRF(SRF-P1),the remaining portion of the sperm-rich fraction(SRF-P2),and the post sperm-rich fraction(PSRF).While chromatin protamination was found to be similar between the different ejaculate fractions(P>0.05),chromatin condensation was seen to be greater in SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 than in the PSRF(P=0.018 and P=0.004,respectively).Regarding DNA integrity,no differences between fractions were observed(P>0.05).As the SRF-P1 has the highest sperm concentra-tion and ejaculate fractions are known to differ in antioxidant composition,the oxidative stress index(OSi)in SP,calcu-lated as total oxidant activity divided by total antioxidant capacity,was tested and confirmed to be higher in the SRF-P1 than in SRF-P2 and PSRF(0.42±0.06 vs.0.23±0.09 and 0.08±0.00,respectively;P<0.01);this index,in addition,was observed to be correlated to the sperm concentration of each fraction(Rs=0.973;P<0.001).Conclusion While sperm DNA integrity was not found to differ between ejaculate fractions,SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 were observed to exhibit greater chromatin condensation than the PSRF.This could be related to the OSi of each fraction.
基金support by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.:2023YFA0913604)Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:22178170,22378195)+2 种基金Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province(SWYY-045)Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22208155)Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars(Grant No.BK20210552).
文摘Considerable progress has been made in recent years to the development of sustainable polymers from bio-based feedstocks.In this study,100%bio-based nylons were prepared via an integrated chemical and biological process from lignocellulose.These novel nylons were obtained by the melt polymerization of 3-propyladipic acid derived from lignin and 1,5-pentenediamine/1,4-butanediamine derived from carbohydrate sugar.Central to the concept is a three-step noble metal free catalytic chemical funnelling sequence(Raney Ni mediated reductive catalytic fractionation-reductive funnelling-oxidative funnelling),which allowed for obtaining a single component 3-propyladipic acid from lignin with high efficiency.The structural and thermodynamic properties of the obtained nylons have been systematically investigated,and thus obtained transparent bio-based nylons exhibited higher Mw(>32,000)and excellent thermal stability(Td5%>265℃).Considering their moderate Tg and good melt strength,these transparent bio-based nylons could serve as promising functional additives or temperature-responsive materials.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foun dation of China(Grant No.11274398).
文摘A significant obstacle impeding the advancement of the time fractional Schrodinger equation lies in the challenge of determining its precise mathematical formulation.In order to address this,we undertake an exploration of the time fractional Schrodinger equation within the context of a non-Markovian environment.By leveraging a two-level atom as an illustrative case,we find that the choice to raise i to the order of the time derivative is inappropriate.In contrast to the conventional approach used to depict the dynamic evolution of quantum states in a non-Markovian environment,the time fractional Schrodinger equation,when devoid of fractional-order operations on the imaginary unit i,emerges as a more intuitively comprehensible framework in physics and offers greater simplicity in computational aspects.Meanwhile,we also prove that it is meaningless to study the memory of time fractional Schrodinger equation with time derivative 1<α≤2.It should be noted that we have not yet constructed an open system that can be fully described by the time fractional Schrodinger equation.This will be the focus of future research.Our study might provide a new perspective on the role of time fractional Schrodinger equation.
文摘Let B^(H) be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index 1/2≤H<1.In this paper,we consider the equation(called the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a linear self-repelling drift)dX_(t)^(H)=dB_(t)^(H)+σ X_(t)^(H)dt+vdt-θ(∫_(0)^(t)(X_(t)^(H)-X_(s)^(H))ds)dt,whereθ<0,σ,v∈ℝ.The process is an analogue of self-attracting diffusion(Cranston,Le Jan.Math Ann,1995,303:87–93).Our main aim is to study the large time behaviors of the process.We show that the solution X^(H)diverges to infinity as t tends to infinity,and obtain the speed at which the process X^(H)diverges to infinity.
基金The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Foud(NO:32201947)Key R&D Program Projects of Shaanxi Province,China(NO:2022NY-003)for the financial support.
文摘Walnut oil is a functional wood oil known to researchers that may potentially be a large source of Chinese edible oils.There are various extraction methods for walnut oil,including traditional(pressing,solvent-and enzymeassisted extraction)and novel methods(microwave,ultrasound,supercritical CO_(2),subcritical and other extraction technologies).Walnut oil is rich in nutrients,including phytosterols,tocopherols,polyphenols,squalene and minerals.It provides many health benefits,such as antioxidant,antitumor,anti-inflammatory,antidiabetic and lipid metabolism-related functions.In addition,the authentication of walnut oil has received much research attention.The present review provides detailed research on walnut oil extraction,composition,health benefits and adulteration identification methods.The path toward further walnut oil improvement in the context of the market value of walnut oil is also discussed.
文摘The goal of this research is to develop a new,simplified analytical method known as the ARA-residue power series method for obtaining exact-approximate solutions employing Caputo type fractional partial differential equations(PDEs)with variable coefficient.ARA-transform is a robust and highly flexible generalization that unifies several existing transforms.The key concept behind this method is to create approximate series outcomes by implementing the ARA-transform and Taylor’s expansion.The process of finding approximations for dynamical fractional-order PDEs is challenging,but the ARA-residual power series technique magnifies this challenge by articulating the solution in a series pattern and then determining the series coefficients by employing the residual component and the limit at infinity concepts.This approach is effective and useful for solving a massive class of fractional-order PDEs.Five appealing implementations are taken into consideration to demonstrate the effectiveness of the projected technique in creating solitary series findings for the governing equations with variable coefficients.Additionally,several visualizations are drawn for different fractional-order values.Besides that,the estimated findings by the proposed technique are in close agreement with the exact outcomes.Finally,statistical analyses further validate the efficacy,dependability and steady interconnectivity of the suggested ARA-residue power series approach.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(No.51901117,51801116)Youth Innovation and Technology Support Program of Shandong Provincial Colleges and Universities,China(No.2020KJA002)+2 种基金Youth Fund of Shandong Academy of Sciences,China(2020QN0021)Innovation Pilot Project for Fusion of Science,Education and Industry(International Cooperation)from Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),China(No.2020KJC-GH03)Several Policies on Promoting Collaborative Innovation and Industrialization of Achievements in Universities and Research Institutes,China(No.2019GXRC030)。
文摘In an effort to clarify the formation mechanism of LPSO structure in Mg-Y-Zn alloy,the chemical environment and structural ordering in liquid Mg-rich Mg-Y-Zn system are investigated with the aid of ab-initio molecular dynamics simulation.In liquid Mg-rich Mg-Y alloys,the strong Mg-Y interaction is determined,which promotes the formation of fivefold symmetric local structure.For Mg-Zn alloys,the weak Mg-Zn interaction results in the fivefold symmetry weakening in the liquid structure.Due to the coexistence of Y and Zn,the strong attractive interaction is introduced in liquid Mg-Y-Zn ternary alloy,and contributes to the clustering of Mg,Y,Zn launched from Zn.What is more,the distribution of local structures becomes closer to that in pure Mg compared with that in binary Mg-Y and Mg-Zn alloys.These results should relate to the origins of the Y/Zn segregation zone and close-packed stacking mode in LPSO structure,which provides a new insight into the formation mechanism of LPSO structure at atomic level.
基金This work was supported financially by Korea Environment Industry&Technology Institute through Project to make multi-ministerial national biological research resources more advanced program,funded by Korea Ministry of Environment(grant number RS-2023-00230403).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction derived from Sargassum pallidum extract against particulate matter(PM)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT cells and zebrafish.Methods:HaCaT cells and zebrafish were used to evaluate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.The production of nitric oxide(NO),intracellular ROS,prostaglandin E2(PGE2),and pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB were evaluated in PM-induced HaCaT cells.Furthermore,the levels of ROS,NO,and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the PM-exposed zebrafish model.Results:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract significantly decreased the production of NO,intracellular ROS,and PGE2 in PM-induced HaCaT cells.In addition,the fraction markedly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB.Furthermore,it displayed remarkable protective effects against PM-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress,represented by the reduction of NO,ROS,and lipid peroxidation in zebrafish.Conclusions:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract exhibits a protective effect against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo and has the potential as a candidate for the development of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products.
