An acute toxicity test in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and a chromosomal aberration toxicity test in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)fibroblasts were conducted to promote the application of insect wax and its policosanol.Results o...An acute toxicity test in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and a chromosomal aberration toxicity test in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)fibroblasts were conducted to promote the application of insect wax and its policosanol.Results of oral acute toxicity test showed that the LD;values of insect wax and its policosanol were higher than 5000 mg/kg.The rats showed no obvious toxic symptoms and survived,suggesting that these substances were not toxic.The chromosomal aberration rates of the CHL cells incubated with insect wax for 3-6 h under metabolic activation conditions and for 3-6 h and 24 h under non-metabolic activation conditions were lower than 5%.No significant difference was found compared with the negative control group.Also,no significant difference in chromosomal aberration rates was found between each dose group of policosanol under metabolic or non-metabolic activation conditions and the negative control group.Therefore,the chromosomal aberration rates of CHL cells treated with insect wax and its policosanol were negative regardless of metabolic activation conditions.These results indicate the absence of acute toxicity and potential chromosomal aberration in the tested dose range of insect wax and its policosanol.展开更多
Seeds of japonica rice cv. Zhenuo 2 with twodifferent physiological states （dry seeds withwater content 13% and wet seeds soaked in thewater for 36 h） were irradiated by CO<sub>2</sub> laser infour diffe...Seeds of japonica rice cv. Zhenuo 2 with twodifferent physiological states （dry seeds withwater content 13% and wet seeds soaked in thewater for 36 h） were irradiated by CO<sub>2</sub> laser infour different power-densities and durations re-spectively. The treatment irradiated with 200GY of <sup>60</sup>Co γ-rays was considered as control.The fresh root tips were cut and fixed inCarnoy’s fluid for cytological examination.展开更多
Turmeric has long been used as a spice and food colouring agent in Asia. In the present investigation, the antimutagenic potential of curcumin was evaluated in Allium cepa root meristem cells. So far there is no repor...Turmeric has long been used as a spice and food colouring agent in Asia. In the present investigation, the antimutagenic potential of curcumin was evaluated in Allium cepa root meristem cells. So far there is no report on the biological properties of curcumin in plant test systems. The root tip cells were treated with sodium azide at 200 and 300 μg/ml for 3 h and curcumin was given at 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml for 16 h, prior to sodium azide treatment. The tips were squashed after colchicine treatment and the cells were analyzed for chromosome aberration and mitotic index. Curcumin induces chromosomal aberration in Allium cepa root tip cells in an insignificant manner, when compared with untreated control. Sodium azide alone induces chromosomal aberrations significantly with increasing concentrations. The total number of aberrations was significantly reduced in root tip cells pretreated with curcumin. The study reveals that curcumin has antimutagenic potential against sodium azide induced chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa root meristem cells. In addition, it showed mild cytotoxicity by reducing the percentage of mitotic index in all curcumin treated groups, but the mechanism of action remains unknown. The antimutagenic potential of curcumin is effective at 5 μg/ml in Allium cepa root meristem cells.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mutagenic potential of Trois using the bacterial reverse mutation assay(Ames test)and in vitro chromosomal aberration test.Methods:The ability of Trois to induce reverse mutations was eval...Objective:To investigate the mutagenic potential of Trois using the bacterial reverse mutation assay(Ames test)and in vitro chromosomal aberration test.Methods:The ability of Trois to induce reverse mutations was evaluated in Salmonella lyphimurium(TA 98,TA100,TAI535 and TA1537)and Escherichia coli(WP2 uvrA)with and without metabolic activation system(S9 mix)at the dose range of 313 to 5000μg/plate.Chromosomal aberrations were evaluated in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)cell line at the dose levels of 15,7.5,3.7,1.9 and 0.9 mg/mL in the absence and presence of S9 mix.Results:There were no increases in the number of revertant colonies at any concentrations of Trois used in the study with and without S9 mix in all tester strains.Trois did not produce any structural aberration in CHL cells in the presence or absence of S9 mix.Conclusions:Results of this study suggest that Trois is non-mutagenic.展开更多
The present studies describe Chromosomal aberration effects of electrofishing, which were evaluated on Poecilia latipinna, located in Shat Al-Arab river in Al-garmma city (south of Iraq). The electrofishing derive use...The present studies describe Chromosomal aberration effects of electrofishing, which were evaluated on Poecilia latipinna, located in Shat Al-Arab river in Al-garmma city (south of Iraq). The electrofishing derive used in work is simulated to that used in the commercial fishing. The apparatus generates voltage ranged from 40 to 280 volts. Nine bearers of Poecilia latipinna sailfin molly fish in chromosomal analysis were divided into three treatments. The first were a control, the fishes of the second were exposed to 110 volts (10 seconds), and final groups were exposed to 110 volts (15 seconds). Mitotic index of the electrofishing with a control for each group decreased with increasing exposed time in somatic cell kidney tissue of Poecilia latipinna. The chromosome aberration analysis revealed a significant increase in the most frequent aberration per 150 metaphase in analyzed groups (1.33 in T1 groups, 39.33 in T2 groups) was chromosome break, fragment, range chromosome, Sticky chromosome mean, were higher in comparison to non exposed electrical shock fishing groups (control groups T1). At the same time, it showed a higher positive correlation of total chromosome aberration frequencies between T1 and T2 groups, while, all fishes died in T3 groups. According to our results, we represented the first record in Iraq.展开更多
Chromosomal aberration analysis is a widely used assay fordetermining occupation or accidental exposure to suspectedmutagenic carcinogens.Furthermore,formation of chromosomalrearrangements can lead to mutagenesis,carc...Chromosomal aberration analysis is a widely used assay fordetermining occupation or accidental exposure to suspectedmutagenic carcinogens.Furthermore,formation of chromosomalrearrangements can lead to mutagenesis,carcinogenesis,geneamplification and even cell death.The precise cellular responsesto DNA damage induced by mutagenic carcinogens leading tochromosomal aberration formation are however still a mystery.展开更多
ULF-23HU fish cell line derived from the fin ofcentral mudminnow (Umbra limi) has an idealkaryotype (2n=23) for clastogenicity test ofmutagenic carcinogens.In this connection,sensitivity of this cell line to direct ac...ULF-23HU fish cell line derived from the fin ofcentral mudminnow (Umbra limi) has an idealkaryotype (2n=23) for clastogenicity test ofmutagenic carcinogens.In this connection,sensitivity of this cell line to direct actingmutagens was evaluated at the level of inductionof chromosomal aberration.ULF-23HU cells展开更多
The relationship between the penetration depth and the level and distribution ofchromosomal aberration of the root tip cells were investigated by exposure of the superposedtomato seeds to 80 MeV/u carbon ions.The resu...The relationship between the penetration depth and the level and distribution ofchromosomal aberration of the root tip cells were investigated by exposure of the superposedtomato seeds to 80 MeV/u carbon ions.The results showed that on the entrance of the beamthe chromosomal aberration level was low.Damage such as breaks and gaps were dominant.Atthe Bragg peak,the chromosomal aberration level was high.The yields of dicentrics,rings anddisintegrated small chromosomes increased but the yields of breaks and gaps decreased.Theseresults are consistent with the distribution of the physical depth dose profile of carbon ions.It iseffective to deposit the Bragg peak on the seeds to induce hereditary aberration in the mutationbreeding with heavy ions.展开更多
The frequencies of chromosomal aberrationsof the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 40workers chronically exposed to sulphurdioxide (SO2) at a sulphuric acid factory inTaiyuan city,North China,were studied.It was shown...The frequencies of chromosomal aberrationsof the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 40workers chronically exposed to sulphurdioxide (SO2) at a sulphuric acid factory inTaiyuan city,North China,were studied.It was shown that the mean frequencies ofchromosomal aberrations or lymphocytes展开更多
Propoxur is a widely used dithiocarbamate insecticide. In this study, the clastogenic effect of propoxur has been evaluated using chromosomal aberration assay in mouse bone marrow cells. Single i. p. administration of...Propoxur is a widely used dithiocarbamate insecticide. In this study, the clastogenic effect of propoxur has been evaluated using chromosomal aberration assay in mouse bone marrow cells. Single i. p. administration of propoxur, at 25 mg/kg b.wt., a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and 12 .5mg/kg b.wt (50% of MTD) have significantly induced different types of aberrations after 24 h of treatment. The aberrations were dose and time dependent and reached a maximum after 24 h of exposure. The sresult suggest a genotoxic potential of propoxur.展开更多
Tetracyclines are broad spectrum antibiotics and one type of various their compounds—chlortetracycline has been successfully used for our cytogenetic studies. We have selected for these studies the chromosomal assay ...Tetracyclines are broad spectrum antibiotics and one type of various their compounds—chlortetracycline has been successfully used for our cytogenetic studies. We have selected for these studies the chromosomal assay because it is wellknown cytogenetic biomarker, which has been used to assess DNA damage at the chromosomal level. We analyzed the chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index in peripheral lymphocytes of sheep exposed by chlortetracycline chloride in pure tap water. To the food of the experimental group of animals (à n = 6) were added also 0.35 gof preparation Aureovit12 C80 plv. a. u. v. per kg b. w. and day (i.e. 168 mg of chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg b. w.) daily in food. The frequencies of aberrant cells (ABC) in the experimental and control groups of sheep were stated to differ significantly (P = 0.001). In experimental group, chromatid breaks were the dominant type of chromosomal aberrations. No statistical differences in mitotic index values were found in the both groups (P > 0.05). Increased frequencies of chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of sheep exposed by chlortetracycline in food, suggested a potential hazard which needs the attention from the viewpoint of human and animal health. This knowledge is useful for all, for the human and veterinary medicine, as well as for the aquaculture. Many of these chlortetracycline substances for their environmental persistence and chemical unstability are present in the environment for various periods, and as a result, they are responsible for several effects on human and animal health through food chain.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the clinical value of non-invasive prenatal testing(NIPT)in detecting chromosomal copy number variations(CNVs)and to explore the relationship between gene expression and clinical manifestations of...Objective:To analyze the clinical value of non-invasive prenatal testing(NIPT)in detecting chromosomal copy number variations(CNVs)and to explore the relationship between gene expression and clinical manifestations of chromosomal copy number variations.Methods:3551 naturally conceived singleton pregnant women who underwent NIPT were included in this study.The NIPT revealed abnormalities other than sex chromosome abnormalities and trisomy 13,18,and 21.Pregnant women with chromosome copy number variations underwent genetic counseling and prenatal ultrasound examination.Interventional prenatal diagnosis and chromosome microarray analysis(CMA)were performed.The clinical phenotypes and pregnancy outcomes of different prenatal diagnoses were analyzed.Additionally,a follow-up was conducted by telephone to track fetal development after birth,at six months,and one year post-birth.Results:A total of 53 cases among 3551 cases showed chromosomal copy number variation.Interventional prenatal diagnosis was performed in 36 cases:27 cases were negative and 8 were consistent with the NIPT test results.This indicates that NIPT’s positive predictive value(PPV)in CNVs is 22.22%.Conclusion:NIPT has certain clinical significance in screening chromosome copy number variations and is expected to become a routine screening for chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications.However,further interventional prenatal diagnosis is still needed to identify fetal CNVs.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system,with over 40%of new cases and deaths related to GC globally occurring in China.Despite advancements in treatment modalities,such as surgery ...Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system,with over 40%of new cases and deaths related to GC globally occurring in China.Despite advancements in treatment modalities,such as surgery supplemented by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents,the prognosis for GC remains poor.New targeted therapies and immunotherapies are currently under invest-igation,but no significant breakthroughs have been achieved.Studies have indicated that GC is a heterogeneous disease,encompassing multiple subtypes with distinct biological characteristics and roles.Consequently,personalized treatment based on clinical features,pathologic typing,and molecular typing is crucial for the diagnosis and management of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).Current research has categorized GC into four subtypes:Epstein-Barr virus-positive,microsatellite instability,genome stability,and chromosome instability(CIN).Technologies such as multi-omics analysis and gene sequencing are being employed to identify more suitable novel testing methods in these areas.Among these,ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection(UCAD)can detect CIN at a genome-wide level in subjects using low-depth whole genome sequencing technology,in conjunction with bioinformatics analysis,to achieve qualitative and quantitative detection of chromosomal stability.This editorial reviews recent research advancements in UCAD technology for the diagnosis and management of PLGC.展开更多
In this study,freeze-dried water extract from the leaves of Myristica fragrans(Houtt.) was tested for mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials using the Allium cepa assay.Freeze-dried water extract alone and its combina...In this study,freeze-dried water extract from the leaves of Myristica fragrans(Houtt.) was tested for mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials using the Allium cepa assay.Freeze-dried water extract alone and its combination with cyclophosphamide(CP)(50 mg/kg) were separately dissolved in tap water at 500,1000,2000,and 4000 mg/kg.Onions(A.cepa) were suspended in the solutions and controls for 48 h in the dark.Root tips were prepared for microscopic evaluation.2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radicals' scavenging power of the extract was tested using butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) as standards.Water extract of Myristica fragrans scavenged free radicals better than BHA,but worse than BHT.The extract alone,as well as in combination with CP suppressed cell division,and induced chromosomal aberrations that were insignificantly different from the negative control(P≤0.05).However,cytotoxic and mutagenic actions of CP were considerably suppressed.The observed effects on cell division and chromosomes of A.cepa may be principally connected to the antioxidant properties of the extract.The obtained results suggest mitodepressive and antimutagenic potentials of water extract of the leaves of M.fragrans as desirable properties of a promising anticancer agent.展开更多
Down syndrome,Turner syndrome,and Klinefelter syndrome are the most common chromosomal disorders world-wide.Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of the 21st chromosome and has an incidence of 1 in 800 to 1000 live...Down syndrome,Turner syndrome,and Klinefelter syndrome are the most common chromosomal disorders world-wide.Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of the 21st chromosome and has an incidence of 1 in 800 to 1000 live births.Turner syndrome results from X-chromosome monosomy and has an incidence of 1 in 2000 of live-born female infants.展开更多
AIM To identify chromosomal copy number aberrations(CNAs) in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and analyze whether they are correlated with patient prognosis.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with early-...AIM To identify chromosomal copy number aberrations(CNAs) in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and analyze whether they are correlated with patient prognosis.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with early-stage HCC were enrolled in our study, with the collection of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded(FFPE) specimens and clinicopathological data. Tumor areas were marked by certified pathologists on a hematoxylin and eosinstained slide, and cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues underwent extraction of DNA, which was analyzed with the Affymetrix Onco Scan platform to assess CNAs and loss of heterozygosity(LOH). Ten individuals with nonmalignant disease were used as the control group. Another cohort consisting of 40 patients with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ HCC were enrolled to analyze gene expression and to correlate findings with the Onco Scan data.RESULTS Copy number amplifications occurred at chromosomes 1 q21.1-q44 and 8 q12.3-24.3 and deletions were found at 4 q13.1-q35.2, 8 p 23.2-21.1, 16 q23.3-24.3, and 17 p13.3-12, while LOH commonly occurred at 1 p32.3, 3 p21.31, 8 p23.2-21.1, 16 q22.1-24.3, and 17 p 13.3-11 in early-stage HCC. Using Cox regression analysis, we also found that a higher percentage of genome change(≥ 60%) was an independent factor for worse prognosis in early-stage HCC(P = 0.031). Among the 875 genes in the Onco Scan Gene Chip, six were independent predictors of worse disease-free survival, of which three were amplified(MYC, ELAC2, and SYK) and three were deleted(GAK, MECOM, and WRN). Further, patients with HCC who exhibited ≥ 3 CNAs involving these six genes have worse outcomes compared to those who had < 3 CNAs(P < 0.001). Similarly, Asian patients with stage I HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas harboring CNAs with these genes were also predicted to have poorer outcomes.CONCLUSION Patients with early-stage HCC and increased genome change or CNAs involving MYC, ELAC2, SYK, GAK, MECOM, or WRN are at risk for poorer outcome after resection.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of custom-made soft keratoconus(KC)lenses on corneal aberrations and photic phenomena in two different optical zones in patients with KC.METHODS:Sixty eyes of 42 patients with KC were exam...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of custom-made soft keratoconus(KC)lenses on corneal aberrations and photic phenomena in two different optical zones in patients with KC.METHODS:Sixty eyes of 42 patients with KC were examined at baseline and after fitting HydroCone(Toris K)soft silicone hydrogel lenses.Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity(BSCVA)and contact lens-corrected visual acuity(CLCVA)were recorded.Lower-and higher-order corneal aberrations(LOAs and HOAs)were measured with and without Toris K lenses and compared in central 4.5 mm and 7 mm zones.Mesopic pupil diameter and subjective photic phenomena were also assessed.RESULTS:Mean CLCVA was significantly improved compared to BSCVA(P<0.0001).Corneal curvature and refractive measurements were found to be significantly reduced by the use of Toris K lenses,except for posterior corneal curvature values.In the 4.5 mm central optical zone,all wavefront aberrations decreased significantly after lens fitting(P<0.0001).In contrast,in the 7 mm(peripheral)optical zone,values for HOAs,spherical and residual aberrations,and optical path differences were increased,while LOAs,trefoil,and quadrifoil coefficients were decreased.The rate of photic phenomena was significantly higher in participants with a pupil size>6.00 mm(85.7%).CONCLUSION:Toris K lenses provide good visual results and a significant reduction in central corneal aberrations in patients with KC but could cause an increase in peripheral aberrations.This practical and nonsurgical approach appears to be an effective method for the visual management of KC.展开更多
Wide hybridization is a strategy for broadening the genetic basis of wheat. Because an efficient method for inducing wheat–alien chromosome translocations will allow producing useful germplasm, it is desirable to dis...Wide hybridization is a strategy for broadening the genetic basis of wheat. Because an efficient method for inducing wheat–alien chromosome translocations will allow producing useful germplasm, it is desirable to discover new genes that induce chromosomal variation. In this study, chromosome 5P from A.cristatum was shown to induce many types of chromosomal structural variation in a common wheat background, including nonhomoeologous chromosome translocations, as revealed by genomic in situ hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and DNA marker analysis. Aberrant meiosis was associated with chromosomal structural variation, and aberrant meiotic behavior was observed in wheat–A.cristatum 5P monosomic and disomic addition lines, suggesting that the effect of chromosome 5P was independent of the number of chromosome 5P copies. Chromosome 5P disturbed homologous chromosome pairing at pachytene stage in a common wheat background, resulting in a high frequency of univalent formation and reduced crossing over. Thirteen genes involved in DNA repair or chromatin remodeling, including RAD52-like and MSH6 genes, were differentially expressed(upregulated) in wheat–A. cristatum 5P addition lines according to transcriptome analysis, implicating chromosome 5P in the process of meiotic double-strand break repair. These findings provide a new, efficient tool for inducing wheat–alien chromosome translocations and producing new germplasm.展开更多
Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific ...Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific interspersed repeat(IR)oligo probe sets were developed based on clustering and electronic localization of tandem repeat sequences in the reference genome of Tifrunner.The OligoGISH kit was then used to perform staining of 15 Arachis species.The A-subgenome probe set stained the chromosomes of A-and E-genome Arachis species,the B-subgenome probe set stained those of B-,F-,K-,and E-genome species,and neither set stained those of H-genome species.These results indicate the relationships among the genomes of these Arachis species.The Oligo-GISH kit was also used for batch staining of the chromosomes of 389 seedlings from the irradiated M1generation,allowing 67 translocation and deletion lines to be identified.Subsequent Oligo-FISH karyotyping,FISH using single-copy probe libraries,and trait investigation identified seven homozygous chromosomal variants from the M3generation and suggested that there may be genes on chromosome 4B controlling seed number per pod.These findings demonstrate that the IR probe sets and method developed in this study can facilitate research on distant hybridization and genetic improvement in peanut.展开更多
基金the support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2018SY025)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2014AA021801)。
文摘An acute toxicity test in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and a chromosomal aberration toxicity test in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)fibroblasts were conducted to promote the application of insect wax and its policosanol.Results of oral acute toxicity test showed that the LD;values of insect wax and its policosanol were higher than 5000 mg/kg.The rats showed no obvious toxic symptoms and survived,suggesting that these substances were not toxic.The chromosomal aberration rates of the CHL cells incubated with insect wax for 3-6 h under metabolic activation conditions and for 3-6 h and 24 h under non-metabolic activation conditions were lower than 5%.No significant difference was found compared with the negative control group.Also,no significant difference in chromosomal aberration rates was found between each dose group of policosanol under metabolic or non-metabolic activation conditions and the negative control group.Therefore,the chromosomal aberration rates of CHL cells treated with insect wax and its policosanol were negative regardless of metabolic activation conditions.These results indicate the absence of acute toxicity and potential chromosomal aberration in the tested dose range of insect wax and its policosanol.
文摘Seeds of japonica rice cv. Zhenuo 2 with twodifferent physiological states （dry seeds withwater content 13% and wet seeds soaked in thewater for 36 h） were irradiated by CO<sub>2</sub> laser infour different power-densities and durations re-spectively. The treatment irradiated with 200GY of <sup>60</sup>Co γ-rays was considered as control.The fresh root tips were cut and fixed inCarnoy’s fluid for cytological examination.
基金Project (No. SP/SO/HS-21/2002) supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi
文摘Turmeric has long been used as a spice and food colouring agent in Asia. In the present investigation, the antimutagenic potential of curcumin was evaluated in Allium cepa root meristem cells. So far there is no report on the biological properties of curcumin in plant test systems. The root tip cells were treated with sodium azide at 200 and 300 μg/ml for 3 h and curcumin was given at 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml for 16 h, prior to sodium azide treatment. The tips were squashed after colchicine treatment and the cells were analyzed for chromosome aberration and mitotic index. Curcumin induces chromosomal aberration in Allium cepa root tip cells in an insignificant manner, when compared with untreated control. Sodium azide alone induces chromosomal aberrations significantly with increasing concentrations. The total number of aberrations was significantly reduced in root tip cells pretreated with curcumin. The study reveals that curcumin has antimutagenic potential against sodium azide induced chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa root meristem cells. In addition, it showed mild cytotoxicity by reducing the percentage of mitotic index in all curcumin treated groups, but the mechanism of action remains unknown. The antimutagenic potential of curcumin is effective at 5 μg/ml in Allium cepa root meristem cells.
基金supported by Venus Medicine Research Centre,Werne,Germany(Grant No.VPG-115-2012)
文摘Objective:To investigate the mutagenic potential of Trois using the bacterial reverse mutation assay(Ames test)and in vitro chromosomal aberration test.Methods:The ability of Trois to induce reverse mutations was evaluated in Salmonella lyphimurium(TA 98,TA100,TAI535 and TA1537)and Escherichia coli(WP2 uvrA)with and without metabolic activation system(S9 mix)at the dose range of 313 to 5000μg/plate.Chromosomal aberrations were evaluated in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)cell line at the dose levels of 15,7.5,3.7,1.9 and 0.9 mg/mL in the absence and presence of S9 mix.Results:There were no increases in the number of revertant colonies at any concentrations of Trois used in the study with and without S9 mix in all tester strains.Trois did not produce any structural aberration in CHL cells in the presence or absence of S9 mix.Conclusions:Results of this study suggest that Trois is non-mutagenic.
文摘The present studies describe Chromosomal aberration effects of electrofishing, which were evaluated on Poecilia latipinna, located in Shat Al-Arab river in Al-garmma city (south of Iraq). The electrofishing derive used in work is simulated to that used in the commercial fishing. The apparatus generates voltage ranged from 40 to 280 volts. Nine bearers of Poecilia latipinna sailfin molly fish in chromosomal analysis were divided into three treatments. The first were a control, the fishes of the second were exposed to 110 volts (10 seconds), and final groups were exposed to 110 volts (15 seconds). Mitotic index of the electrofishing with a control for each group decreased with increasing exposed time in somatic cell kidney tissue of Poecilia latipinna. The chromosome aberration analysis revealed a significant increase in the most frequent aberration per 150 metaphase in analyzed groups (1.33 in T1 groups, 39.33 in T2 groups) was chromosome break, fragment, range chromosome, Sticky chromosome mean, were higher in comparison to non exposed electrical shock fishing groups (control groups T1). At the same time, it showed a higher positive correlation of total chromosome aberration frequencies between T1 and T2 groups, while, all fishes died in T3 groups. According to our results, we represented the first record in Iraq.
文摘Chromosomal aberration analysis is a widely used assay fordetermining occupation or accidental exposure to suspectedmutagenic carcinogens.Furthermore,formation of chromosomalrearrangements can lead to mutagenesis,carcinogenesis,geneamplification and even cell death.The precise cellular responsesto DNA damage induced by mutagenic carcinogens leading tochromosomal aberration formation are however still a mystery.
文摘ULF-23HU fish cell line derived from the fin ofcentral mudminnow (Umbra limi) has an idealkaryotype (2n=23) for clastogenicity test ofmutagenic carcinogens.In this connection,sensitivity of this cell line to direct actingmutagens was evaluated at the level of inductionof chromosomal aberration.ULF-23HU cells
基金Xi Bu Zhi Guang Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.O606180XBO)
文摘The relationship between the penetration depth and the level and distribution ofchromosomal aberration of the root tip cells were investigated by exposure of the superposedtomato seeds to 80 MeV/u carbon ions.The results showed that on the entrance of the beamthe chromosomal aberration level was low.Damage such as breaks and gaps were dominant.Atthe Bragg peak,the chromosomal aberration level was high.The yields of dicentrics,rings anddisintegrated small chromosomes increased but the yields of breaks and gaps decreased.Theseresults are consistent with the distribution of the physical depth dose profile of carbon ions.It iseffective to deposit the Bragg peak on the seeds to induce hereditary aberration in the mutationbreeding with heavy ions.
文摘The frequencies of chromosomal aberrationsof the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 40workers chronically exposed to sulphurdioxide (SO2) at a sulphuric acid factory inTaiyuan city,North China,were studied.It was shown that the mean frequencies ofchromosomal aberrations or lymphocytes
文摘Propoxur is a widely used dithiocarbamate insecticide. In this study, the clastogenic effect of propoxur has been evaluated using chromosomal aberration assay in mouse bone marrow cells. Single i. p. administration of propoxur, at 25 mg/kg b.wt., a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and 12 .5mg/kg b.wt (50% of MTD) have significantly induced different types of aberrations after 24 h of treatment. The aberrations were dose and time dependent and reached a maximum after 24 h of exposure. The sresult suggest a genotoxic potential of propoxur.
文摘Tetracyclines are broad spectrum antibiotics and one type of various their compounds—chlortetracycline has been successfully used for our cytogenetic studies. We have selected for these studies the chromosomal assay because it is wellknown cytogenetic biomarker, which has been used to assess DNA damage at the chromosomal level. We analyzed the chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index in peripheral lymphocytes of sheep exposed by chlortetracycline chloride in pure tap water. To the food of the experimental group of animals (à n = 6) were added also 0.35 gof preparation Aureovit12 C80 plv. a. u. v. per kg b. w. and day (i.e. 168 mg of chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg b. w.) daily in food. The frequencies of aberrant cells (ABC) in the experimental and control groups of sheep were stated to differ significantly (P = 0.001). In experimental group, chromatid breaks were the dominant type of chromosomal aberrations. No statistical differences in mitotic index values were found in the both groups (P > 0.05). Increased frequencies of chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of sheep exposed by chlortetracycline in food, suggested a potential hazard which needs the attention from the viewpoint of human and animal health. This knowledge is useful for all, for the human and veterinary medicine, as well as for the aquaculture. Many of these chlortetracycline substances for their environmental persistence and chemical unstability are present in the environment for various periods, and as a result, they are responsible for several effects on human and animal health through food chain.
基金Dongguan City Social Development Project(Project number:20161081101023)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the clinical value of non-invasive prenatal testing(NIPT)in detecting chromosomal copy number variations(CNVs)and to explore the relationship between gene expression and clinical manifestations of chromosomal copy number variations.Methods:3551 naturally conceived singleton pregnant women who underwent NIPT were included in this study.The NIPT revealed abnormalities other than sex chromosome abnormalities and trisomy 13,18,and 21.Pregnant women with chromosome copy number variations underwent genetic counseling and prenatal ultrasound examination.Interventional prenatal diagnosis and chromosome microarray analysis(CMA)were performed.The clinical phenotypes and pregnancy outcomes of different prenatal diagnoses were analyzed.Additionally,a follow-up was conducted by telephone to track fetal development after birth,at six months,and one year post-birth.Results:A total of 53 cases among 3551 cases showed chromosomal copy number variation.Interventional prenatal diagnosis was performed in 36 cases:27 cases were negative and 8 were consistent with the NIPT test results.This indicates that NIPT’s positive predictive value(PPV)in CNVs is 22.22%.Conclusion:NIPT has certain clinical significance in screening chromosome copy number variations and is expected to become a routine screening for chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications.However,further interventional prenatal diagnosis is still needed to identify fetal CNVs.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system,with over 40%of new cases and deaths related to GC globally occurring in China.Despite advancements in treatment modalities,such as surgery supplemented by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents,the prognosis for GC remains poor.New targeted therapies and immunotherapies are currently under invest-igation,but no significant breakthroughs have been achieved.Studies have indicated that GC is a heterogeneous disease,encompassing multiple subtypes with distinct biological characteristics and roles.Consequently,personalized treatment based on clinical features,pathologic typing,and molecular typing is crucial for the diagnosis and management of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).Current research has categorized GC into four subtypes:Epstein-Barr virus-positive,microsatellite instability,genome stability,and chromosome instability(CIN).Technologies such as multi-omics analysis and gene sequencing are being employed to identify more suitable novel testing methods in these areas.Among these,ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection(UCAD)can detect CIN at a genome-wide level in subjects using low-depth whole genome sequencing technology,in conjunction with bioinformatics analysis,to achieve qualitative and quantitative detection of chromosomal stability.This editorial reviews recent research advancements in UCAD technology for the diagnosis and management of PLGC.
文摘In this study,freeze-dried water extract from the leaves of Myristica fragrans(Houtt.) was tested for mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials using the Allium cepa assay.Freeze-dried water extract alone and its combination with cyclophosphamide(CP)(50 mg/kg) were separately dissolved in tap water at 500,1000,2000,and 4000 mg/kg.Onions(A.cepa) were suspended in the solutions and controls for 48 h in the dark.Root tips were prepared for microscopic evaluation.2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radicals' scavenging power of the extract was tested using butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) as standards.Water extract of Myristica fragrans scavenged free radicals better than BHA,but worse than BHT.The extract alone,as well as in combination with CP suppressed cell division,and induced chromosomal aberrations that were insignificantly different from the negative control(P≤0.05).However,cytotoxic and mutagenic actions of CP were considerably suppressed.The observed effects on cell division and chromosomes of A.cepa may be principally connected to the antioxidant properties of the extract.The obtained results suggest mitodepressive and antimutagenic potentials of water extract of the leaves of M.fragrans as desirable properties of a promising anticancer agent.
文摘Down syndrome,Turner syndrome,and Klinefelter syndrome are the most common chromosomal disorders world-wide.Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of the 21st chromosome and has an incidence of 1 in 800 to 1000 live births.Turner syndrome results from X-chromosome monosomy and has an incidence of 1 in 2000 of live-born female infants.
基金Supported by the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan,No.CMRPG 3C0951-3 and No.CMRPG 3A0671 to Yu MC,and No.CMRPD3F0011 to Tsai CN
文摘AIM To identify chromosomal copy number aberrations(CNAs) in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and analyze whether they are correlated with patient prognosis.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with early-stage HCC were enrolled in our study, with the collection of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded(FFPE) specimens and clinicopathological data. Tumor areas were marked by certified pathologists on a hematoxylin and eosinstained slide, and cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues underwent extraction of DNA, which was analyzed with the Affymetrix Onco Scan platform to assess CNAs and loss of heterozygosity(LOH). Ten individuals with nonmalignant disease were used as the control group. Another cohort consisting of 40 patients with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ HCC were enrolled to analyze gene expression and to correlate findings with the Onco Scan data.RESULTS Copy number amplifications occurred at chromosomes 1 q21.1-q44 and 8 q12.3-24.3 and deletions were found at 4 q13.1-q35.2, 8 p 23.2-21.1, 16 q23.3-24.3, and 17 p13.3-12, while LOH commonly occurred at 1 p32.3, 3 p21.31, 8 p23.2-21.1, 16 q22.1-24.3, and 17 p 13.3-11 in early-stage HCC. Using Cox regression analysis, we also found that a higher percentage of genome change(≥ 60%) was an independent factor for worse prognosis in early-stage HCC(P = 0.031). Among the 875 genes in the Onco Scan Gene Chip, six were independent predictors of worse disease-free survival, of which three were amplified(MYC, ELAC2, and SYK) and three were deleted(GAK, MECOM, and WRN). Further, patients with HCC who exhibited ≥ 3 CNAs involving these six genes have worse outcomes compared to those who had < 3 CNAs(P < 0.001). Similarly, Asian patients with stage I HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas harboring CNAs with these genes were also predicted to have poorer outcomes.CONCLUSION Patients with early-stage HCC and increased genome change or CNAs involving MYC, ELAC2, SYK, GAK, MECOM, or WRN are at risk for poorer outcome after resection.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of custom-made soft keratoconus(KC)lenses on corneal aberrations and photic phenomena in two different optical zones in patients with KC.METHODS:Sixty eyes of 42 patients with KC were examined at baseline and after fitting HydroCone(Toris K)soft silicone hydrogel lenses.Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity(BSCVA)and contact lens-corrected visual acuity(CLCVA)were recorded.Lower-and higher-order corneal aberrations(LOAs and HOAs)were measured with and without Toris K lenses and compared in central 4.5 mm and 7 mm zones.Mesopic pupil diameter and subjective photic phenomena were also assessed.RESULTS:Mean CLCVA was significantly improved compared to BSCVA(P<0.0001).Corneal curvature and refractive measurements were found to be significantly reduced by the use of Toris K lenses,except for posterior corneal curvature values.In the 4.5 mm central optical zone,all wavefront aberrations decreased significantly after lens fitting(P<0.0001).In contrast,in the 7 mm(peripheral)optical zone,values for HOAs,spherical and residual aberrations,and optical path differences were increased,while LOAs,trefoil,and quadrifoil coefficients were decreased.The rate of photic phenomena was significantly higher in participants with a pupil size>6.00 mm(85.7%).CONCLUSION:Toris K lenses provide good visual results and a significant reduction in central corneal aberrations in patients with KC but could cause an increase in peripheral aberrations.This practical and nonsurgical approach appears to be an effective method for the visual management of KC.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1200605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171961)。
文摘Wide hybridization is a strategy for broadening the genetic basis of wheat. Because an efficient method for inducing wheat–alien chromosome translocations will allow producing useful germplasm, it is desirable to discover new genes that induce chromosomal variation. In this study, chromosome 5P from A.cristatum was shown to induce many types of chromosomal structural variation in a common wheat background, including nonhomoeologous chromosome translocations, as revealed by genomic in situ hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and DNA marker analysis. Aberrant meiosis was associated with chromosomal structural variation, and aberrant meiotic behavior was observed in wheat–A.cristatum 5P monosomic and disomic addition lines, suggesting that the effect of chromosome 5P was independent of the number of chromosome 5P copies. Chromosome 5P disturbed homologous chromosome pairing at pachytene stage in a common wheat background, resulting in a high frequency of univalent formation and reduced crossing over. Thirteen genes involved in DNA repair or chromatin remodeling, including RAD52-like and MSH6 genes, were differentially expressed(upregulated) in wheat–A. cristatum 5P addition lines according to transcriptome analysis, implicating chromosome 5P in the process of meiotic double-strand break repair. These findings provide a new, efficient tool for inducing wheat–alien chromosome translocations and producing new germplasm.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801397)Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2020JQ03)+3 种基金Independent Innovation Foundation of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2022ZC69)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(201300111000)Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System(S2012-5)。
文摘Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific interspersed repeat(IR)oligo probe sets were developed based on clustering and electronic localization of tandem repeat sequences in the reference genome of Tifrunner.The OligoGISH kit was then used to perform staining of 15 Arachis species.The A-subgenome probe set stained the chromosomes of A-and E-genome Arachis species,the B-subgenome probe set stained those of B-,F-,K-,and E-genome species,and neither set stained those of H-genome species.These results indicate the relationships among the genomes of these Arachis species.The Oligo-GISH kit was also used for batch staining of the chromosomes of 389 seedlings from the irradiated M1generation,allowing 67 translocation and deletion lines to be identified.Subsequent Oligo-FISH karyotyping,FISH using single-copy probe libraries,and trait investigation identified seven homozygous chromosomal variants from the M3generation and suggested that there may be genes on chromosome 4B controlling seed number per pod.These findings demonstrate that the IR probe sets and method developed in this study can facilitate research on distant hybridization and genetic improvement in peanut.
