This paper presents a method using a large steady state engine operation data matrix to provide necessary information for successfully training a predictive network, while at the same time eliminating errors produced...This paper presents a method using a large steady state engine operation data matrix to provide necessary information for successfully training a predictive network, while at the same time eliminating errors produced by the dispersive effects of the emissions measurement system. The steady state training conditions of compound fuel allow for the correlation of time averaged in cylinder combustion variables to the engine out NO x and HC emissions. The error back propagation neural network (EBP) is then capable of learning the relationships between these variables and the measured gaseous emissions, and then interpolating between steady state points in the matrix. This method for NO x and HC has been proved highly successful.展开更多
The depletion of fossil diesel fuels, global warming concerns and strict limits on regulated pollutant emissions are encouraging the use of renewable fuels. Biodiesel is the most used renewable fuel in compression ign...The depletion of fossil diesel fuels, global warming concerns and strict limits on regulated pollutant emissions are encouraging the use of renewable fuels. Biodiesel is the most used renewable fuel in compression ignition (CI) engine. The majority of literature agrees that the particulate matter (PM), unburnt total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon dioxide (CO) emission from biodiesel are lower than from conventional diesel fuel. One of the most important reasons for this is the oxygen content of the biodiesel. This induces a more complete and cleaner combustion process. In addition to this the absence of aromatic compounds in biodiesel leads to particulate matter reduction with respect to diesel fuel. The potential emission benefits induced by the presence of oxygen in fuel molecules has increased the interest in using the bio-alcohols fuel blends in CI engines such as ethanol. Although alcohols are more suitable for blending with diesel fuel, properties like lubricity, viscosity, stability, heating value and cetane number of diesel-alcohol (Diesohol) still require improvement. One of the techniques is addition of biodiesel which can improve all of these properties forming diesel-biodiesel-alcohol (ternary) blends. The blends of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol can be used in the existing CI engines without any major modifications and most significant result of using this blend is the lower emission with almost the same performance as of diesel fuel alone. The present study focused on investigation of performance and combustion characteristics of ternary fuel blend in DI diesel engine operating at different injection opening pressure (IOP). The different injection opening pressures are: 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar.展开更多
过渡金属间隙化合物(transition metal interstitial compounds,TMICs)具有独特的电子结构、高导电性、优异的化学稳定性,可作为可再生能源转化反应中Pt基催化剂的替代电催化剂.从这个角度出发,综述了TMICs在合成和电催化性能方面的研...过渡金属间隙化合物(transition metal interstitial compounds,TMICs)具有独特的电子结构、高导电性、优异的化学稳定性,可作为可再生能源转化反应中Pt基催化剂的替代电催化剂.从这个角度出发,综述了TMICs在合成和电催化性能方面的研究进展,主要归纳了TMICs在析氢反应、析氧反应、氧还原反应、直接液体燃料电池阳极反应等方面的催化性能.此外,简述了TMICs电催化剂实际应用于能量转换设备中的潜力,这对开发高效稳定的电化学能量转换设备具有指导意义.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a method using a large steady state engine operation data matrix to provide necessary information for successfully training a predictive network, while at the same time eliminating errors produced by the dispersive effects of the emissions measurement system. The steady state training conditions of compound fuel allow for the correlation of time averaged in cylinder combustion variables to the engine out NO x and HC emissions. The error back propagation neural network (EBP) is then capable of learning the relationships between these variables and the measured gaseous emissions, and then interpolating between steady state points in the matrix. This method for NO x and HC has been proved highly successful.
文摘The depletion of fossil diesel fuels, global warming concerns and strict limits on regulated pollutant emissions are encouraging the use of renewable fuels. Biodiesel is the most used renewable fuel in compression ignition (CI) engine. The majority of literature agrees that the particulate matter (PM), unburnt total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon dioxide (CO) emission from biodiesel are lower than from conventional diesel fuel. One of the most important reasons for this is the oxygen content of the biodiesel. This induces a more complete and cleaner combustion process. In addition to this the absence of aromatic compounds in biodiesel leads to particulate matter reduction with respect to diesel fuel. The potential emission benefits induced by the presence of oxygen in fuel molecules has increased the interest in using the bio-alcohols fuel blends in CI engines such as ethanol. Although alcohols are more suitable for blending with diesel fuel, properties like lubricity, viscosity, stability, heating value and cetane number of diesel-alcohol (Diesohol) still require improvement. One of the techniques is addition of biodiesel which can improve all of these properties forming diesel-biodiesel-alcohol (ternary) blends. The blends of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol can be used in the existing CI engines without any major modifications and most significant result of using this blend is the lower emission with almost the same performance as of diesel fuel alone. The present study focused on investigation of performance and combustion characteristics of ternary fuel blend in DI diesel engine operating at different injection opening pressure (IOP). The different injection opening pressures are: 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar.
文摘过渡金属间隙化合物(transition metal interstitial compounds,TMICs)具有独特的电子结构、高导电性、优异的化学稳定性,可作为可再生能源转化反应中Pt基催化剂的替代电催化剂.从这个角度出发,综述了TMICs在合成和电催化性能方面的研究进展,主要归纳了TMICs在析氢反应、析氧反应、氧还原反应、直接液体燃料电池阳极反应等方面的催化性能.此外,简述了TMICs电催化剂实际应用于能量转换设备中的潜力,这对开发高效稳定的电化学能量转换设备具有指导意义.
