Taking an extratropical cyclone that produced extreme precipitation as the research object,this paper calculates the contribution of condensation latent heat release(LHR)to relative vorticity tendency based on the com...Taking an extratropical cyclone that produced extreme precipitation as the research object,this paper calculates the contribution of condensation latent heat release(LHR)to relative vorticity tendency based on the complete-form vertical vorticity tendency equation.The results show that the heating rate of convectional condensation LHR can reach up to about 40 times that of stable condensation LHR.Both the stable and convectional heating centers are higher than 700 hPa,which would cause∂Q/∂z>0 and a positive vorticity source in the lower troposphere.The vertical gradient of stable condensation LHR contributes little to the growth of relative vorticity,while the relative vorticity tendency associated with the vertical gradient of convectional condensation LHR can be an order of magnitude higher than the former.The positive vorticity source is always located right below the latent heating center,and its maximum value can always be found in the lower troposphere.Convectional LHR is the primary factor for cyclone development from the perspective of diabatic heating.The horizontal gradient of total condensation LHR can contribute about 65%of the actual vorticity growth,but the effect of the vertical gradient of convectional condensation(LHR)can reach twice as much.The adiabatic heating from LHR can cause vorticity tendency directly.However,it can also change the vertical and horizontal gradient of potential temperature,which can further induce vorticity tendency.展开更多
The quasi-biweekly oscillation(QBWO)is the second most dominant intraseasonal mode for circulation over the Northwestern Pacific(WNP)during boreal summer.In this study,we investigated how the QBWO modulates tropical c...The quasi-biweekly oscillation(QBWO)is the second most dominant intraseasonal mode for circulation over the Northwestern Pacific(WNP)during boreal summer.In this study,we investigated how the QBWO modulates tropical cyclone(TC)activities over the WNP from dynamic and thermodynamic perspectives.The propagation of the QBWO can be divided into four phases through empirical orthogonal function analysis of the vorticity at 850 hPa,which was proven to be effective in extracting the QBWO signal.TC generation and landings are significantly enhanced during the active period(phases 1 and 2)relative to the inactive period(phases 3 and 4).Composite analyses show the QBWO could significantly modulate TC activity as it propagates northwestward by changing the atmospheric circulation at both high and low levels.Cumulus convection provides an important link between TCs and the QBWO.The major component of the atmosphere heat source is found to be the latent heat release of convection.The condensation latent heat centers,vertical circulation,and water vapor flux divergence cooperate well during different phases of the QBWO.The vertical profile of the condensation latent heat indicates upper-level heating(cooling)during the active(inactive)phases of the QBWO.Thus,the northwestward propagation of the QBWO can modulate TC activity by affecting the configuration of atmospheric heating over the WNP.展开更多
Alternative refrigerant R-134a is considered to be ozone-friendly and apotential candidate for replacing the refrigerant R-12 in refrigeration and air-conditioningapplications. This paper presents an experimental inve...Alternative refrigerant R-134a is considered to be ozone-friendly and apotential candidate for replacing the refrigerant R-12 in refrigeration and air-conditioningapplications. This paper presents an experimental investigation on condensation heat transfer of thealternative refrigerant R-134a flowing inside a helicoidal pipe with the cooling water flowingthrough the annular helicoidal passage in a counter-flow direction. The heat transfer experimentswere performed for R-134a mass flow flux ranging from 100 to 420 kg/m^2 s with the superheat of theinlet vapor of 2. 8℃ and 8.3℃, respectively. The average Nusselt numbers were experimentallydetermined for a helicoidal pipe with the helix axis of vertical direction. In addition, theobtained experimental results were compared with the results for R-134a condensation in straight andhelicoidal pipes available in the open literature.展开更多
A numerical experiment of squall-line formation has been made with a baroclinic quasi-two-dimensional PE-model.The results show that the latent heat released by cumulus convection plays an important role in the format...A numerical experiment of squall-line formation has been made with a baroclinic quasi-two-dimensional PE-model.The results show that the latent heat released by cumulus convection plays an important role in the formation of a certain kind of squall-line.In the process of the formation of squall-line,the nonlinear concentra- tion of perturbation is clearly shown.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province[grant number BK20161603]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41575010 and 41575070]the China Meteorological Administration[grant number CMAYBY2018-028].
文摘Taking an extratropical cyclone that produced extreme precipitation as the research object,this paper calculates the contribution of condensation latent heat release(LHR)to relative vorticity tendency based on the complete-form vertical vorticity tendency equation.The results show that the heating rate of convectional condensation LHR can reach up to about 40 times that of stable condensation LHR.Both the stable and convectional heating centers are higher than 700 hPa,which would cause∂Q/∂z>0 and a positive vorticity source in the lower troposphere.The vertical gradient of stable condensation LHR contributes little to the growth of relative vorticity,while the relative vorticity tendency associated with the vertical gradient of convectional condensation LHR can be an order of magnitude higher than the former.The positive vorticity source is always located right below the latent heating center,and its maximum value can always be found in the lower troposphere.Convectional LHR is the primary factor for cyclone development from the perspective of diabatic heating.The horizontal gradient of total condensation LHR can contribute about 65%of the actual vorticity growth,but the effect of the vertical gradient of convectional condensation(LHR)can reach twice as much.The adiabatic heating from LHR can cause vorticity tendency directly.However,it can also change the vertical and horizontal gradient of potential temperature,which can further induce vorticity tendency.
基金Project of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment DynamicsSecond Institute of Oceanography(No.SOEDZZ2004)+3 种基金Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,MNR(JG2006)Joint Advanced Marine and Ecological Studies in the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean(JAMES)Multi-Source Environmental Data Analysis and Atlas Compilation in the Indian Ocean(JT1506)Cooperation and Exchange Projects in Buoy Observation with Maldives。
文摘The quasi-biweekly oscillation(QBWO)is the second most dominant intraseasonal mode for circulation over the Northwestern Pacific(WNP)during boreal summer.In this study,we investigated how the QBWO modulates tropical cyclone(TC)activities over the WNP from dynamic and thermodynamic perspectives.The propagation of the QBWO can be divided into four phases through empirical orthogonal function analysis of the vorticity at 850 hPa,which was proven to be effective in extracting the QBWO signal.TC generation and landings are significantly enhanced during the active period(phases 1 and 2)relative to the inactive period(phases 3 and 4).Composite analyses show the QBWO could significantly modulate TC activity as it propagates northwestward by changing the atmospheric circulation at both high and low levels.Cumulus convection provides an important link between TCs and the QBWO.The major component of the atmosphere heat source is found to be the latent heat release of convection.The condensation latent heat centers,vertical circulation,and water vapor flux divergence cooperate well during different phases of the QBWO.The vertical profile of the condensation latent heat indicates upper-level heating(cooling)during the active(inactive)phases of the QBWO.Thus,the northwestward propagation of the QBWO can modulate TC activity by affecting the configuration of atmospheric heating over the WNP.
文摘Alternative refrigerant R-134a is considered to be ozone-friendly and apotential candidate for replacing the refrigerant R-12 in refrigeration and air-conditioningapplications. This paper presents an experimental investigation on condensation heat transfer of thealternative refrigerant R-134a flowing inside a helicoidal pipe with the cooling water flowingthrough the annular helicoidal passage in a counter-flow direction. The heat transfer experimentswere performed for R-134a mass flow flux ranging from 100 to 420 kg/m^2 s with the superheat of theinlet vapor of 2. 8℃ and 8.3℃, respectively. The average Nusselt numbers were experimentallydetermined for a helicoidal pipe with the helix axis of vertical direction. In addition, theobtained experimental results were compared with the results for R-134a condensation in straight andhelicoidal pipes available in the open literature.
文摘A numerical experiment of squall-line formation has been made with a baroclinic quasi-two-dimensional PE-model.The results show that the latent heat released by cumulus convection plays an important role in the formation of a certain kind of squall-line.In the process of the formation of squall-line,the nonlinear concentra- tion of perturbation is clearly shown.
