In order to improve the anti-explosion performance ofρ-Al_(2)O_(3) bonded corundum castables,H_(2)O_(2) was added(0,0.025%,0.050%,0.075%,0.100%and 0.125%,by mass)as the anti-explosion agent.After mixing and casting,s...In order to improve the anti-explosion performance ofρ-Al_(2)O_(3) bonded corundum castables,H_(2)O_(2) was added(0,0.025%,0.050%,0.075%,0.100%and 0.125%,by mass)as the anti-explosion agent.After mixing and casting,specimens were prepared.Some specimens were cured at room temperature for 12 h and demoulded for the anti-explosion performance test at different temperatures(450,500,550,600,650,700,750 and 800℃);the other specimens were cured,dried and fired,and tested in terms of the apparent porosity,the density,the cold mechanical properties,the air permeability and the pore size distribution.The results show that:(1)with the increase of the H_(2)O_(2) addition,the anti-explosion performance of castables increases gradually,the average pore size increases gradually,and the density and the strength decrease gradually;(2)by comprehensive consideration,the appropriate addition of H_(2)O_(2) shall be within 0.075%.展开更多
In order to investigate the effect of zirconia corundum on the preparation of chrome corundum castables,samples were prepared using tabular corundum,white fused corundum,active alumina micropowder,chromium oxide micro...In order to investigate the effect of zirconia corundum on the preparation of chrome corundum castables,samples were prepared using tabular corundum,white fused corundum,active alumina micropowder,chromium oxide micropowder and fused ziconia corundum particles as the main raw materials,and pure calcium aluminate cement as the binder.The effects of the fused zirconia corundum particles addition(1-0.5 mm,0,4.5%,9%,and 18%,by mass)on the linear change rate,the apparent porosity,the cold modulus of rupture,and the thermal shock resistance of chrome corundum castables were studied,and the microstructure of the samples was analyzed.The results show that:(1)with the zirconia corundum addition increasing,the permanent linear change on heating of the samples gradually increases,the apparent porosity gradually increases,the cold modulus of rupture gradually decreases,and the thermal shock resistance gradually increases;(2)according to SEM,it can be found that the phase transformation of ZrO2 after heat treatment leads to a large number of microcracks in the material.On one hand,the cold modulus of rupture of the material is reduced;on the other hand,the thermal shock resistance of the material is improved.展开更多
Dense corundum-mullite brick for blast furnace ceramic pad was prepared using white fused corundum and tabular corundum as aggregates,andalusite fine powder,sillimanite fine powder,zircon sand powder and Guangxi soil ...Dense corundum-mullite brick for blast furnace ceramic pad was prepared using white fused corundum and tabular corundum as aggregates,andalusite fine powder,sillimanite fine powder,zircon sand powder and Guangxi soil as the matrix,and phosphate as the binder,introducing different amounts ofα-alumina micropowder,tabular corundum fine powder and fused corundum powder.The properties of the prepared brick were studied.The results show that,the brick with 10 mass%of tabular corundum fine powder fired at 1560℃for 3 h in a tunnel kiln has the bulk density of 3.08 g·cm^(-3),the apparent porosity of 13.2%,the cold compressive strength of 178 MPa,the molten iron corrosion rate of 0.6%,the slag corrosion rate of 6.4%,the alkali resistance strength decreasing rate of 7.5%,and the thermal shock resistance of 32 cycles,which is both dense and of good thermal shock resistance.The slag resistance simulation test was performed,which proved that the prepared corundum-mullite brick is better than those currently supplied in the market.展开更多
The corundum-spinel castables were prepared by six kinds of tabular corundum as aggregates,respectively,and their linear change rate on heating,apparent porosity,bulk density,cold modulus of rupture,cold crushing stre...The corundum-spinel castables were prepared by six kinds of tabular corundum as aggregates,respectively,and their linear change rate on heating,apparent porosity,bulk density,cold modulus of rupture,cold crushing strength,hot modulus of rupture and thermal shock resistance were compared and studied. The results show that: 1) the six tabular corundum materials have similar main chemical composition but their physical properties vary for the different technical procedures which result in different properties of castables; 2) the optimal properties of corundum-spinel castables correspond to different tabular corundum types,so the corundum type shall be selected according to the application of the castables.展开更多
In order to study the effect of the curing temperature on the intermediate temperature properties of calcium aluminate cement bonded corundum castables,the prepared castables were cured at 5,10,25,40 and 50℃,respecti...In order to study the effect of the curing temperature on the intermediate temperature properties of calcium aluminate cement bonded corundum castables,the prepared castables were cured at 5,10,25,40 and 50℃,respectively,dried at 110℃ for 24 h and heat treated at 800 and 1100 ℃,respectively.Then the apparent porosity,the cold modulus of rupture and the cold crushing strength were measured.The phase composition of castable matrix specimens treated under the same conditions and the influence of the curing temperature on the intermediate temperature strength of the castables were also analyzed.The results show that with the increase of the curing temperature,the hydration degree of calcium aluminate cement increases,which promotes the uniform distribution of hydration products with AI203 after decomposition,thus enhancing the intermediate temperature strength of castables.展开更多
In order to make corundum castables satisfy more severe service conditions in high temperature industries,colloidal alumina due to the same main component with corundum castables was introduced for a pure binding syst...In order to make corundum castables satisfy more severe service conditions in high temperature industries,colloidal alumina due to the same main component with corundum castables was introduced for a pure binding system.The influence of three dispersants(citric acid,FS10 and urea)on the flow ability of colloidal alumina bonded corundum castables was researched to choose a suitable dispersant for solving the shaping problem.In order to further understand the influence of dispersants on the flow ability and the mechanism,the rheological property and Zeta potential value of the colloidal aluminadispersant system and the matrix-colloidal alumina-urea-water system were tested.The results show the castables added with the urea have the best flow ability,and the appropriate addition of the urea is 0.5%.展开更多
Effects of specific surface area and tiny amount of impurities of reactive alumina on the workability,sintering and high temperature mechanical strength of corundum based castables were investigated. The results show ...Effects of specific surface area and tiny amount of impurities of reactive alumina on the workability,sintering and high temperature mechanical strength of corundum based castables were investigated. The results show that the presence of reactive alumina with high specific surface area leads to accelerating of the hydration of calcium aluminate cement,thus shortening the working time and setting time of the castables,which can be ascribed that the critical energy barrier for stable nuclei of hydration products of cement can be reduced by the high specific surface area of reactive alumina. The sintering of the corundum based castables can be accelerated by the reactive alumina with high specific surface area and high amount of impurities, however, the reactive alumina with too high specific surface area and impurities can also lead to noticeable shrinkage of castables. In addition,high temperature mechanical strength of corundum based castables can be decreased by the higher amount of trace impurities of reactive alumina due to formation of lowmelting phase at high temperatures.展开更多
In order to reduce the sintering temperature and improve the properties of sintered corundum,corundum specimens were prepared by granulation and sintering with nano-η-A l203 as the raw material and polyvinyl alcohol ...In order to reduce the sintering temperature and improve the properties of sintered corundum,corundum specimens were prepared by granulation and sintering with nano-η-A l203 as the raw material and polyvinyl alcohol as the binder.The effects of different sintering temperatures(1550,1600,1650 and 1700℃)and holding time(2,4 and 6 h)on the properties and microstructures of the specimens were studied,and the transformation mechanism ofη-Al203 was analyzed.The results show that dense sintered corundum with bulk density of 3.74 g/cm^3 and apparent porosity of 1.77%is obtained by calcinating at 1650℃for 6 h;the phase transition fromη-Al203 toα-Al203 occurs first on the surface of alumina particles and then diffuses rapidly to the interior;at lower sintering temperatures there is no abnormal growth of crystals,the bonding between the grains is tight,transgranular fracture is the main fracture mode,there are fewer intergranular pores,and the grain size is in the range of 3.5-7.5μm.展开更多
Corundum spinel castable was prepared using tabular corundum as aggregates,white fused corundum powder,spinel powder and alumina powder as the matrix,pure calcium aluminate cement as a binder,and extra adding calcium ...Corundum spinel castable was prepared using tabular corundum as aggregates,white fused corundum powder,spinel powder and alumina powder as the matrix,pure calcium aluminate cement as a binder,and extra adding calcium chloride(0,1%,2%,and 3%,by mass).The effects of the CaCl2 addition on the cold physical properties,the hot strength,the thermal shock resistance and the microstructure of the castable were studied.The results show that,for the corundum spinel castable fired at 1550℃,with the increase of the CaCl2 addition from 0 to 3%,the cold strengthes first increase,then decrease,the apparent porosity increases,the volume density decreases,and the linear change rate first decreases and then increases,while the overall change is not significant;however,the hot modulus of rupture and the thermal shock resistance are obviously improved.This is mainly due to that,CaCl2 is evenly distributed in the castable in the form of solution,and reacts with Al2O3 to form small flake CA6 crystals,which evenly distributed in the sample matrix strengthening and toughening the material.展开更多
Calcium aluminate cement(CAC)bonded corundum based castables were prepared using tabular corundum and activated alumina as the starting materials,CAC as the binder,zinc hydroxide(Zn(OH)_(2))and basic zinc carbonate(BZ...Calcium aluminate cement(CAC)bonded corundum based castables were prepared using tabular corundum and activated alumina as the starting materials,CAC as the binder,zinc hydroxide(Zn(OH)_(2))and basic zinc carbonate(BZC)as the ZnO precursors.The effects of the two ZnO precursors on the phase composition and the microstructure of the CAC bonded corundum based castable matrix specimens were analyzed,and the reasons affecting the hot performance of the castables were studied.The results show that Zn(OH)_(2) with a smaller particle size(d_(50)=1.26μm)is prone to agglomerate during sample preparation and generates ZnAl_(2)O_(4) spinel grains after firing,hindering the growth of CA_(6),thus decreasing the mechanical strength of the castables.BZC with a larger particle size(d_(50)=2.91μm),which shows a sound dispersity,in-situ generates nano-sized ZnO after firing,and ZnO or Zn^(2+)diffuses into calcium aluminates,promoting the sintering of CA_(2) and CA_(6),thereby enhancing the hot properties of the CAC-bonded corundum based castables.展开更多
The genesis of Liangguo corundum deposit in the southern Gangdese magmatic arc, east-central Himalaya, remains unknown. The present study shows that the corundum-bearing rocks occur as lenses with variable sizes in th...The genesis of Liangguo corundum deposit in the southern Gangdese magmatic arc, east-central Himalaya, remains unknown. The present study shows that the corundum-bearing rocks occur as lenses with variable sizes in the Eocene gabbro that intruded into marble. These corundum-bearing rocks have highly variable mineral assemblage and mode. The corundum-rich rocks are characterized by containing abundant corundum, and minor spinel, ilmenite and magnetite, whereas the corundum-poor and corundum-free rocks have variable contents of spinel, plagioclase, sillimanite, cordierite, ilmenite and magnetite. The host gabbro shows variable degrees of hydration and carbonization. The corundum grains are mostly black, and rarely blue, and have minor Fe O and TiO_2. The spinel is hercynite, with high Fe O and low Mg O contents. The corundum-bearing rocks have variable but high Al_2O_3, FeO and TiO_2, and low SiO_2 contents. Inherited magmatic and altered zircons of the corundum-bearing rocks have similar U e Pb ages(~47 Ma) to the magmatic zircons of the host gabbro, indicating corundum-bearing rock formation immediately after the gabbro intrusion. We considered that emplacement of gabbro induced the contact metamorphism of the country-rock marble and the formation of silica-poor fluid. The channeled infiltration of generated fluid in turn resulted in the hydrothermal metasomatism of the gabbro, which characterized by considerable loss of Si from the gabbro and strong residual enrichment of Al. The metasomatic alteration probably formed under Pe T conditions of ~2.2 -2.8 kbar and ~650 -700℃. We speculate that SiO_2, CaO and Na_2O were mobile, and Al_2O_3, FeO, TiO_2 and high field strength elements remained immobile during the metasomatic process of the gabbro. The Liangguo corundum deposit, together with metamorphic corundum deposits in Central and Southeast Asia, were related to the Cenozoic Himalayan orogeny, and therefore are plate tectonic indicators.展开更多
The Beni Bousera peridotite massif(Internal Rif, Morocco),5 km in width and 15 km in length,is formed in a major part of spinel-bearing lherzolite rimed by a layer of garnet-bearing peridotite(100 m thick)which is in ...The Beni Bousera peridotite massif(Internal Rif, Morocco),5 km in width and 15 km in length,is formed in a major part of spinel-bearing lherzolite rimed by a layer of garnet-bearing peridotite(100 m thick)which is in direct contact with HP-HT granulite metamorphic rocks(16 kbar,860℃).According to recent detailed study,the shearing contact between these two formations shows the presence of serpentinite and展开更多
The corundum(α-alumina) core has been considered as a suitable candidate for investment casting of hollow, high pressure turbine engine airfoils due to its excellent properties. However, the efficiency of removing al...The corundum(α-alumina) core has been considered as a suitable candidate for investment casting of hollow, high pressure turbine engine airfoils due to its excellent properties. However, the efficiency of removing alumina cores in concentrated caustic solution cannot meet the needs of industrial production. In this paper, the effects of temperature and initial solution concentration on dissolution of α-alumina were studied by the classical weight-loss method. The fractal kinetic model was developed in order to describe α-alumina dissolution, assuming that the nonporous particles shrank during reaction process. The results show that the dissolution rate increases with increasing reaction temperature and initial solution concentration. Especially, the initial solution concentration has a significant influence on α-alumina dissolution rate at a higher reaction temperature. The activation energies decrease with increasing initial solution concentration, and the chemical reaction is the rate-controlling step.展开更多
Purging plugs installed in the bottom of steel ladles are widely used for the secondary refining of high quality steel grades. The dynamic service conditions and temperature gradients caused by the cold inert gas blow...Purging plugs installed in the bottom of steel ladles are widely used for the secondary refining of high quality steel grades. The dynamic service conditions and temperature gradients caused by the cold inert gas blown through the plug during stirring create a strong thermal shock impact on the materials. This can affect its service life and restrict the safety and efficiency of steel making if the plug fails during use. In this work,the influence of the particle size distribution( PSD) and amount of reactive alumina on the sintering behavior of ultra-low cement bonded corundum-spinel based castables was investigated on lab scale. The relationship between sintering reactivity of matrix and thermal shock resistance of castables was evaluated in detail. Results show that the sintering of castables can be intensified by using finer reactive alumina. However, excessive sintering of the castable through finer reactive alumina is negative for thermal shock resistance. The microstructure characterization reveals that castables with more intense sintering show denser matrix structure,which is less effective inhampering crack propagation and therefore results in decline of their thermal shock resistance.展开更多
There are many brands of activated alumina powders in the market and the products from different manufacturers exist subtle differences. In this work, four brands of activated alumina powder which are the mainstream p...There are many brands of activated alumina powders in the market and the products from different manufacturers exist subtle differences. In this work, four brands of activated alumina powder which are the mainstream products in China with the same marked particle size of 2-3 μm were added to corundum castables to investigate the effect of different activated alumina powder on properties of corundum castables. It is found that the multi-peak distribution, round-shape particle,low impurities content of alumina powder are of great benefit to the improvement of the overall performance of castables.Obvious CA6 frame structure formed in castables matrix is conductive to improving the thermal shock resistance and high temperature strength of castables. One kind of domestic alumina micropowder studied in this work has good application value and prospect in corundum castables because of the excellent comprehensive performance.展开更多
In order to improve the flow ability and early-stage strength of colloidal alumina bonded corundum castables,the colloidal alumina with 20%of solid content was used as the binder,and tabular corundum aggregates and fi...In order to improve the flow ability and early-stage strength of colloidal alumina bonded corundum castables,the colloidal alumina with 20%of solid content was used as the binder,and tabular corundum aggregates and fines,and active alumina micropowder CL370 as the main starting materials.Influences of setting accelerating agents(magnesia fines and sodium meta-aluminate)on the linear change rate,the modulus of rupture and the microstructure of corundum castables after different heat-treatments were researched.The results show(1)cement bonded corundum castables have the highest modulus of rupture after 24 h of demolding,and colloidal alumina bonded corundum castables have the lowest one;both magnesia fines and sodium meta-aluminate can improve the strength after 24 h of demolding;(2)after firing at 1000℃for 3 h,the modulus of rupture of all specimens decreases,even lower than that after 24 h of demolding;(3)after firing at 1600℃for 3 h,the castable specimen added with 0.1 mass%magnesia fines has the highest modulus of rupture;the tabular phases appear interwovenly in the specimen;(4)taking the comprehensive properties into account,0.1 mass%of magnesia fines is appropriate,and the addition of sodium meta-aluminate shall be lower than 0.3%.展开更多
Corundum-spinel castables containing lightweight aggregates have drawn many attentions due to their potential for energy-saving,especially when applied in the high-temperature region,such as the work lining of refinin...Corundum-spinel castables containing lightweight aggregates have drawn many attentions due to their potential for energy-saving,especially when applied in the high-temperature region,such as the work lining of refining ladle. One main aspect that restricts their application is the slag corrosion performance. In this study,one dense tabular corundum and three kinds of lightweight corundum were chosen as aggregates to prepare four different corundum-spinel castables. The slag resistance was compared through the induction furnace corrosion test. SEM-EDS,XRD,and thermodynamic and kinetics analysis were adopted for the discussion of the corrosion mechanism. Results show that the crystal grain size and shape of aggregates are important for the slag corrosion resistance of lightweight corundum-spinel castables under dynamic condition( enforced convection),yet the effects of pore characteristics are not dominated. Aggregates with large flake-like crystal grains show a thicker dissolution diffusion boundary layer and a lower dissolution rate,resulting in a favorable corrosion resistance of the castable. The poor microstructure of the aggregates,namely,larger pores and small and spherical grains,would cause deterioration of castables ' slag resistance.展开更多
The existing problems of corundum self-flowing castables for ladles were expounded and the experimental study was carried out on the basis of the conventional proportion. The corundum self-flowing castables of excelle...The existing problems of corundum self-flowing castables for ladles were expounded and the experimental study was carried out on the basis of the conventional proportion. The corundum self-flowing castables of excellent properties were obtained by changing the kinds of water reducers and active alumina powders, and super bauxite instead of brown corundum on the basis of the optimal scheme for cost reduction. The industrial test of the corundum self-flowing castable,was carried out in a 120 t converter workshop of Liusteel. The service life of the castable synchronized with the well blocks and the purging plugs, which could meet the requirements of the ladle.展开更多
Wheel dressing is an important part of grinding, it influences not only the grinding quality ofthe workpiece,but also the cost of grinding.At present the single point mined diamond is widelyused as dresser in industry...Wheel dressing is an important part of grinding, it influences not only the grinding quality ofthe workpiece,but also the cost of grinding.At present the single point mined diamond is widelyused as dresser in industry.Because the mined diamond is rare in nature and dear,it has a practicalsignificance to find a substituting material for the mined diamond.Due to the isotropy of PCD(polyerystalline diamond),new sharp cutting edges will expose continuously during dressing opera-tions,maintaining high dressing efficiency.Tests show that dressing corundum wheel,especiallydressing those for internal grinding,PCD dresser is suitable to common hardnesses,and grains ofwheels and smaller depth of dressing.The authors consider that PCD dressing can be used to sub-stitute completely the mined diamond dresser and the cost of dressing may be reduced.展开更多
文摘In order to improve the anti-explosion performance ofρ-Al_(2)O_(3) bonded corundum castables,H_(2)O_(2) was added(0,0.025%,0.050%,0.075%,0.100%and 0.125%,by mass)as the anti-explosion agent.After mixing and casting,specimens were prepared.Some specimens were cured at room temperature for 12 h and demoulded for the anti-explosion performance test at different temperatures(450,500,550,600,650,700,750 and 800℃);the other specimens were cured,dried and fired,and tested in terms of the apparent porosity,the density,the cold mechanical properties,the air permeability and the pore size distribution.The results show that:(1)with the increase of the H_(2)O_(2) addition,the anti-explosion performance of castables increases gradually,the average pore size increases gradually,and the density and the strength decrease gradually;(2)by comprehensive consideration,the appropriate addition of H_(2)O_(2) shall be within 0.075%.
文摘In order to investigate the effect of zirconia corundum on the preparation of chrome corundum castables,samples were prepared using tabular corundum,white fused corundum,active alumina micropowder,chromium oxide micropowder and fused ziconia corundum particles as the main raw materials,and pure calcium aluminate cement as the binder.The effects of the fused zirconia corundum particles addition(1-0.5 mm,0,4.5%,9%,and 18%,by mass)on the linear change rate,the apparent porosity,the cold modulus of rupture,and the thermal shock resistance of chrome corundum castables were studied,and the microstructure of the samples was analyzed.The results show that:(1)with the zirconia corundum addition increasing,the permanent linear change on heating of the samples gradually increases,the apparent porosity gradually increases,the cold modulus of rupture gradually decreases,and the thermal shock resistance gradually increases;(2)according to SEM,it can be found that the phase transformation of ZrO2 after heat treatment leads to a large number of microcracks in the material.On one hand,the cold modulus of rupture of the material is reduced;on the other hand,the thermal shock resistance of the material is improved.
文摘Dense corundum-mullite brick for blast furnace ceramic pad was prepared using white fused corundum and tabular corundum as aggregates,andalusite fine powder,sillimanite fine powder,zircon sand powder and Guangxi soil as the matrix,and phosphate as the binder,introducing different amounts ofα-alumina micropowder,tabular corundum fine powder and fused corundum powder.The properties of the prepared brick were studied.The results show that,the brick with 10 mass%of tabular corundum fine powder fired at 1560℃for 3 h in a tunnel kiln has the bulk density of 3.08 g·cm^(-3),the apparent porosity of 13.2%,the cold compressive strength of 178 MPa,the molten iron corrosion rate of 0.6%,the slag corrosion rate of 6.4%,the alkali resistance strength decreasing rate of 7.5%,and the thermal shock resistance of 32 cycles,which is both dense and of good thermal shock resistance.The slag resistance simulation test was performed,which proved that the prepared corundum-mullite brick is better than those currently supplied in the market.
文摘The corundum-spinel castables were prepared by six kinds of tabular corundum as aggregates,respectively,and their linear change rate on heating,apparent porosity,bulk density,cold modulus of rupture,cold crushing strength,hot modulus of rupture and thermal shock resistance were compared and studied. The results show that: 1) the six tabular corundum materials have similar main chemical composition but their physical properties vary for the different technical procedures which result in different properties of castables; 2) the optimal properties of corundum-spinel castables correspond to different tabular corundum types,so the corundum type shall be selected according to the application of the castables.
基金The authors appreciate the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5157244,U1604252 and 5167225).
文摘In order to study the effect of the curing temperature on the intermediate temperature properties of calcium aluminate cement bonded corundum castables,the prepared castables were cured at 5,10,25,40 and 50℃,respectively,dried at 110℃ for 24 h and heat treated at 800 and 1100 ℃,respectively.Then the apparent porosity,the cold modulus of rupture and the cold crushing strength were measured.The phase composition of castable matrix specimens treated under the same conditions and the influence of the curing temperature on the intermediate temperature strength of the castables were also analyzed.The results show that with the increase of the curing temperature,the hydration degree of calcium aluminate cement increases,which promotes the uniform distribution of hydration products with AI203 after decomposition,thus enhancing the intermediate temperature strength of castables.
文摘In order to make corundum castables satisfy more severe service conditions in high temperature industries,colloidal alumina due to the same main component with corundum castables was introduced for a pure binding system.The influence of three dispersants(citric acid,FS10 and urea)on the flow ability of colloidal alumina bonded corundum castables was researched to choose a suitable dispersant for solving the shaping problem.In order to further understand the influence of dispersants on the flow ability and the mechanism,the rheological property and Zeta potential value of the colloidal aluminadispersant system and the matrix-colloidal alumina-urea-water system were tested.The results show the castables added with the urea have the best flow ability,and the appropriate addition of the urea is 0.5%.
文摘Effects of specific surface area and tiny amount of impurities of reactive alumina on the workability,sintering and high temperature mechanical strength of corundum based castables were investigated. The results show that the presence of reactive alumina with high specific surface area leads to accelerating of the hydration of calcium aluminate cement,thus shortening the working time and setting time of the castables,which can be ascribed that the critical energy barrier for stable nuclei of hydration products of cement can be reduced by the high specific surface area of reactive alumina. The sintering of the corundum based castables can be accelerated by the reactive alumina with high specific surface area and high amount of impurities, however, the reactive alumina with too high specific surface area and impurities can also lead to noticeable shrinkage of castables. In addition,high temperature mechanical strength of corundum based castables can be decreased by the higher amount of trace impurities of reactive alumina due to formation of lowmelting phase at high temperatures.
文摘In order to reduce the sintering temperature and improve the properties of sintered corundum,corundum specimens were prepared by granulation and sintering with nano-η-A l203 as the raw material and polyvinyl alcohol as the binder.The effects of different sintering temperatures(1550,1600,1650 and 1700℃)and holding time(2,4 and 6 h)on the properties and microstructures of the specimens were studied,and the transformation mechanism ofη-Al203 was analyzed.The results show that dense sintered corundum with bulk density of 3.74 g/cm^3 and apparent porosity of 1.77%is obtained by calcinating at 1650℃for 6 h;the phase transition fromη-Al203 toα-Al203 occurs first on the surface of alumina particles and then diffuses rapidly to the interior;at lower sintering temperatures there is no abnormal growth of crystals,the bonding between the grains is tight,transgranular fracture is the main fracture mode,there are fewer intergranular pores,and the grain size is in the range of 3.5-7.5μm.
文摘Corundum spinel castable was prepared using tabular corundum as aggregates,white fused corundum powder,spinel powder and alumina powder as the matrix,pure calcium aluminate cement as a binder,and extra adding calcium chloride(0,1%,2%,and 3%,by mass).The effects of the CaCl2 addition on the cold physical properties,the hot strength,the thermal shock resistance and the microstructure of the castable were studied.The results show that,for the corundum spinel castable fired at 1550℃,with the increase of the CaCl2 addition from 0 to 3%,the cold strengthes first increase,then decrease,the apparent porosity increases,the volume density decreases,and the linear change rate first decreases and then increases,while the overall change is not significant;however,the hot modulus of rupture and the thermal shock resistance are obviously improved.This is mainly due to that,CaCl2 is evenly distributed in the castable in the form of solution,and reacts with Al2O3 to form small flake CA6 crystals,which evenly distributed in the sample matrix strengthening and toughening the material.
文摘Calcium aluminate cement(CAC)bonded corundum based castables were prepared using tabular corundum and activated alumina as the starting materials,CAC as the binder,zinc hydroxide(Zn(OH)_(2))and basic zinc carbonate(BZC)as the ZnO precursors.The effects of the two ZnO precursors on the phase composition and the microstructure of the CAC bonded corundum based castable matrix specimens were analyzed,and the reasons affecting the hot performance of the castables were studied.The results show that Zn(OH)_(2) with a smaller particle size(d_(50)=1.26μm)is prone to agglomerate during sample preparation and generates ZnAl_(2)O_(4) spinel grains after firing,hindering the growth of CA_(6),thus decreasing the mechanical strength of the castables.BZC with a larger particle size(d_(50)=2.91μm),which shows a sound dispersity,in-situ generates nano-sized ZnO after firing,and ZnO or Zn^(2+)diffuses into calcium aluminates,promoting the sintering of CA_(2) and CA_(6),thereby enhancing the hot properties of the CAC-bonded corundum based castables.
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0600310)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41230205, 41472056, 41202035 and 41602062)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2017T100099 and 2016M601086)the China Geological Survey (Grant No. DD20160201)
文摘The genesis of Liangguo corundum deposit in the southern Gangdese magmatic arc, east-central Himalaya, remains unknown. The present study shows that the corundum-bearing rocks occur as lenses with variable sizes in the Eocene gabbro that intruded into marble. These corundum-bearing rocks have highly variable mineral assemblage and mode. The corundum-rich rocks are characterized by containing abundant corundum, and minor spinel, ilmenite and magnetite, whereas the corundum-poor and corundum-free rocks have variable contents of spinel, plagioclase, sillimanite, cordierite, ilmenite and magnetite. The host gabbro shows variable degrees of hydration and carbonization. The corundum grains are mostly black, and rarely blue, and have minor Fe O and TiO_2. The spinel is hercynite, with high Fe O and low Mg O contents. The corundum-bearing rocks have variable but high Al_2O_3, FeO and TiO_2, and low SiO_2 contents. Inherited magmatic and altered zircons of the corundum-bearing rocks have similar U e Pb ages(~47 Ma) to the magmatic zircons of the host gabbro, indicating corundum-bearing rock formation immediately after the gabbro intrusion. We considered that emplacement of gabbro induced the contact metamorphism of the country-rock marble and the formation of silica-poor fluid. The channeled infiltration of generated fluid in turn resulted in the hydrothermal metasomatism of the gabbro, which characterized by considerable loss of Si from the gabbro and strong residual enrichment of Al. The metasomatic alteration probably formed under Pe T conditions of ~2.2 -2.8 kbar and ~650 -700℃. We speculate that SiO_2, CaO and Na_2O were mobile, and Al_2O_3, FeO, TiO_2 and high field strength elements remained immobile during the metasomatic process of the gabbro. The Liangguo corundum deposit, together with metamorphic corundum deposits in Central and Southeast Asia, were related to the Cenozoic Himalayan orogeny, and therefore are plate tectonic indicators.
文摘The Beni Bousera peridotite massif(Internal Rif, Morocco),5 km in width and 15 km in length,is formed in a major part of spinel-bearing lherzolite rimed by a layer of garnet-bearing peridotite(100 m thick)which is in direct contact with HP-HT granulite metamorphic rocks(16 kbar,860℃).According to recent detailed study,the shearing contact between these two formations shows the presence of serpentinite and
基金financially supported by Special Project for High-end CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment of China(2012ZX04007-021)Liaoning Excellent Talents in University,China(LR2014004)
文摘The corundum(α-alumina) core has been considered as a suitable candidate for investment casting of hollow, high pressure turbine engine airfoils due to its excellent properties. However, the efficiency of removing alumina cores in concentrated caustic solution cannot meet the needs of industrial production. In this paper, the effects of temperature and initial solution concentration on dissolution of α-alumina were studied by the classical weight-loss method. The fractal kinetic model was developed in order to describe α-alumina dissolution, assuming that the nonporous particles shrank during reaction process. The results show that the dissolution rate increases with increasing reaction temperature and initial solution concentration. Especially, the initial solution concentration has a significant influence on α-alumina dissolution rate at a higher reaction temperature. The activation energies decrease with increasing initial solution concentration, and the chemical reaction is the rate-controlling step.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572244 and U1604252)for supporting this work
文摘Purging plugs installed in the bottom of steel ladles are widely used for the secondary refining of high quality steel grades. The dynamic service conditions and temperature gradients caused by the cold inert gas blown through the plug during stirring create a strong thermal shock impact on the materials. This can affect its service life and restrict the safety and efficiency of steel making if the plug fails during use. In this work,the influence of the particle size distribution( PSD) and amount of reactive alumina on the sintering behavior of ultra-low cement bonded corundum-spinel based castables was investigated on lab scale. The relationship between sintering reactivity of matrix and thermal shock resistance of castables was evaluated in detail. Results show that the sintering of castables can be intensified by using finer reactive alumina. However, excessive sintering of the castable through finer reactive alumina is negative for thermal shock resistance. The microstructure characterization reveals that castables with more intense sintering show denser matrix structure,which is less effective inhampering crack propagation and therefore results in decline of their thermal shock resistance.
文摘There are many brands of activated alumina powders in the market and the products from different manufacturers exist subtle differences. In this work, four brands of activated alumina powder which are the mainstream products in China with the same marked particle size of 2-3 μm were added to corundum castables to investigate the effect of different activated alumina powder on properties of corundum castables. It is found that the multi-peak distribution, round-shape particle,low impurities content of alumina powder are of great benefit to the improvement of the overall performance of castables.Obvious CA6 frame structure formed in castables matrix is conductive to improving the thermal shock resistance and high temperature strength of castables. One kind of domestic alumina micropowder studied in this work has good application value and prospect in corundum castables because of the excellent comprehensive performance.
文摘In order to improve the flow ability and early-stage strength of colloidal alumina bonded corundum castables,the colloidal alumina with 20%of solid content was used as the binder,and tabular corundum aggregates and fines,and active alumina micropowder CL370 as the main starting materials.Influences of setting accelerating agents(magnesia fines and sodium meta-aluminate)on the linear change rate,the modulus of rupture and the microstructure of corundum castables after different heat-treatments were researched.The results show(1)cement bonded corundum castables have the highest modulus of rupture after 24 h of demolding,and colloidal alumina bonded corundum castables have the lowest one;both magnesia fines and sodium meta-aluminate can improve the strength after 24 h of demolding;(2)after firing at 1000℃for 3 h,the modulus of rupture of all specimens decreases,even lower than that after 24 h of demolding;(3)after firing at 1600℃for 3 h,the castable specimen added with 0.1 mass%magnesia fines has the highest modulus of rupture;the tabular phases appear interwovenly in the specimen;(4)taking the comprehensive properties into account,0.1 mass%of magnesia fines is appropriate,and the addition of sodium meta-aluminate shall be lower than 0.3%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51204126 and No.51474165)
文摘Corundum-spinel castables containing lightweight aggregates have drawn many attentions due to their potential for energy-saving,especially when applied in the high-temperature region,such as the work lining of refining ladle. One main aspect that restricts their application is the slag corrosion performance. In this study,one dense tabular corundum and three kinds of lightweight corundum were chosen as aggregates to prepare four different corundum-spinel castables. The slag resistance was compared through the induction furnace corrosion test. SEM-EDS,XRD,and thermodynamic and kinetics analysis were adopted for the discussion of the corrosion mechanism. Results show that the crystal grain size and shape of aggregates are important for the slag corrosion resistance of lightweight corundum-spinel castables under dynamic condition( enforced convection),yet the effects of pore characteristics are not dominated. Aggregates with large flake-like crystal grains show a thicker dissolution diffusion boundary layer and a lower dissolution rate,resulting in a favorable corrosion resistance of the castable. The poor microstructure of the aggregates,namely,larger pores and small and spherical grains,would cause deterioration of castables ' slag resistance.
文摘The existing problems of corundum self-flowing castables for ladles were expounded and the experimental study was carried out on the basis of the conventional proportion. The corundum self-flowing castables of excellent properties were obtained by changing the kinds of water reducers and active alumina powders, and super bauxite instead of brown corundum on the basis of the optimal scheme for cost reduction. The industrial test of the corundum self-flowing castable,was carried out in a 120 t converter workshop of Liusteel. The service life of the castable synchronized with the well blocks and the purging plugs, which could meet the requirements of the ladle.
文摘Wheel dressing is an important part of grinding, it influences not only the grinding quality ofthe workpiece,but also the cost of grinding.At present the single point mined diamond is widelyused as dresser in industry.Because the mined diamond is rare in nature and dear,it has a practicalsignificance to find a substituting material for the mined diamond.Due to the isotropy of PCD(polyerystalline diamond),new sharp cutting edges will expose continuously during dressing opera-tions,maintaining high dressing efficiency.Tests show that dressing corundum wheel,especiallydressing those for internal grinding,PCD dresser is suitable to common hardnesses,and grains ofwheels and smaller depth of dressing.The authors consider that PCD dressing can be used to sub-stitute completely the mined diamond dresser and the cost of dressing may be reduced.
