Objective To investigate the appropriate waist circumference(WC)cutoff points for central obesity in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of the International Diabetes Fed...Objective To investigate the appropriate waist circumference(WC)cutoff points for central obesity in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of the International Diabetes Federation(IDF).Methods A total of 2,344 Beijing residents aged≥40 years were investigated.They answered questionnaires,received physical examinations,and underwent plasma glucose and lipid profile measurement.Those non-diabetic subjects underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test.All data were analyzed to calculate the appropriate WC cutoff points for central obesity reaching the diagonsis of MS.Results 1)Both in males and females,the triglyceride(TG),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose(FPG)increased linearly with WC,and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)decreased linearly with WC(P<0.05).2)The prevalence of elevated TG,reduced HDL-C,elevated blood pressure,elevated FBG,or≥2 of these factors increased with WC(P<0.05).3)Based on the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and Youden index,the WC values for central obesity and for detecting BMI≥25 kg/m^(2) were about 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women.4)The odds ratio for the presence of two or more metabolic risk factors increased abruptly in men with WC≥90 cm and in women with WC≥80 cm.Conclusions The appropriate WC cutoff point for central obesity was determined to be 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of IDF.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the feasibility of DNA image cytometry （DNA-ICM） as a primary screening method for esophageal squamous cell cancer （ESCC）. Methods： A total of 5,382 local residents aged 40-69 years from t...Objective： To evaluate the feasibility of DNA image cytometry （DNA-ICM） as a primary screening method for esophageal squamous cell cancer （ESCC）. Methods： A total of 5,382 local residents aged 40-69 years from three high-risk areas in China （Linzhou in Henan province, Feicheng in Shandong province and Cixian in Hebei province） from 2008 to 2011 were recruited in this population-based screening study. And 2,526 subjects declined to receive endoscopic biopsy examination with Lugol＇s iodine staining, while 9 and 815 subjects were excluded from liquid-based cytology and DNA-ICM test respectively due to slide quality. Finally, 2,856, 5,373 and 4,567 subjects were enrolled in the analysis for endoscopic biopsy examination, liquid-based cytology and DNA-ICM test, respectively. Sensitivity （SE）, specificity （SP）, negative predictive values （NPV） and positive predictive values （PPV） as well as their 95% confidence intervals （95% CI） for DNA-ICM, liquid-based cytology and the combination of the two methods were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were applied to determine the cutoff point of DNA-ICM for esophageal cancer. Results： DNA-ICM results were significantly correlative with esophageal cancer and precancer lesions （X2= 18.016, P〈0.001）. The cutoff points were 5,802, 5,803 and 8,002 based on dissimilar pathological types of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia （LGIN）, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia （HGIN）, and ESCC, respectively, and 5,803 was chosen in this study considering the SE and SP. The SE, SP, PPV, NPV of DNA-ICM test （cutoff point 5,803） combined with liquid-based cytology [threshold atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance （ASCUS）] were separately 72.1% （95% CI： 70.3%-73.9%）, 43.3% （95% CI. 41.3%-45.3%）, 22.8% （95% CI： 21.1%-24.5%） and 87.0% （95% CI： 85.7%-88.3%） for LGIN, 85.7% （95% CI： 84.3%-87.1%）, 41.3% （95% CI： 39.3%-43.3%）, 4.6% （95% CI： 3.8%-5.4%） and 98.9% （95% CI： 98.5%-99.3%） for HGIN, and 96.0% （95% CI： 95.2%-96.8%）, 40.8% （95% CI： 38.8%-42.8%）, 1.7% （95% CI： 1.2%-2.2%） and 99.9% （95% CI： 99.8%-100.0%） for ESCC. Conclusions： It is possible to use DNA-ICM test as a primary screening method before endoscopic screening for esophageal cancer.展开更多
AIM: To determine the discriminatory performance of fatty liver index (FLI) for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).METHODS: The data of 5052 subjects aged over 18 years were analyzed. FLI was calculated from bo...AIM: To determine the discriminatory performance of fatty liver index (FLI) for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).METHODS: The data of 5052 subjects aged over 18 years were analyzed. FLI was calculated from body mass index, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride, and gamma glutamyl transferase data. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between FLI and NAFLD. The discriminatory performance of FLI in the diagnosis of NAFLD was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Area under the curves (AUCs) and related confidence intervals were estimated. Optimal cutoff points of FLI in the diagnosis of NAFLD were determined based on the maximum values of Youden’s index.RESULTS: The mean age of men and women in the study population were 44.8 ± 16.8 and 43.78 ± 15.43, respectively (P = 0.0216). The prevalence of NAFLD was 40.1% in men and 44.2% in women (P < 0.0017). FLI was strongly associated with NAFLD, so that even a one unit increase in FLI increased the chance of developing NAFLD by 5.8% (OR = 1.058, 95%CI: 1.054-1.063, P < 0.0001). Although FLI showed good performance in the diagnosis of NAFLD (AUC = 0.8656 (95%CI: 0.8548-0.8764), there was no significant difference with regards to WC (AUC = 0.8533, 95%CI: 0.8419-0.8646). The performance of FLI was not significantly different between men (AUC = 0.8648, 95%CI: 0.8505-0.8791) and women (AUC = 0.8682, 95%CI: 0.8513-0.8851). The highest performance with regards to age was related to the 18-39 age group (AUC = 0.8930, 95%CI: 0.8766-0.9093). The optimal cutoff points of FLI were 46.9 in men (sensitivity = 0.8242, specificity = 0.7687, Youden’s index = 0.5929) and 53.8 in women (sensitivity = 0.8233, specificity = 0.7655, Youden’s index = 0.5888).CONCLUSION: Although FLI had acceptable discriminatory power in the diagnosis of NAFLD, WC was a simpler and more accessible index with a similar performance.展开更多
Hydraulic falls and asymptotic mean levels of two-layer flow are determined by means of AfKdV equation in phase coordinate theoretically. By present theory, the hydraulic falls Hf depend on a characteristic value of t...Hydraulic falls and asymptotic mean levels of two-layer flow are determined by means of AfKdV equation in phase coordinate theoretically. By present theory, the hydraulic falls Hf depend on a characteristic value of the MfKdV equation at the subcritical cutoff points It is proved that the differences of the asymptotic mean levels upstream and downstream at the subcritical cutoff points are equal to 2 A relation between and the asymptotic mean levels at the subcritical cutoff points is also found in terms of the solution of the hydraulic falls. Because the AfKdV equation is derived based on the small topography assumption, for semicircular topography the valid region of this theory is α< 0. 35, in which α is radius of the semicircular topography. An experiment is carried out to examine the theory of the present paper. From comparisons between the theoretical and experimental results. it is shown that they are in better agreement. Under conditions of different stratified parameters, the hydraulic falls of two-layer flow are predicted theoretically. This work was supered by the Foundation of the State Education COmmission 'The dynamics of upper ocean'.展开更多
Hydraulic falls of single-layer now are determined theoretically in terms of a time-dependent averaged fKdV equation(AfKdV equation)in phase coordinate. From the theory of the present paper it was known that differenc...Hydraulic falls of single-layer now are determined theoretically in terms of a time-dependent averaged fKdV equation(AfKdV equation)in phase coordinate. From the theory of the present paper it was known that difference of the asymptotic mean levels upstream and downsream at the subcritical cutoff points is just equal to a subcritical value of the AfKdV equation An experiment is carried out to examine the theoretical results. From comparison between theoreticaland experimental results, it was shown that they are in good agreement.At the same time, it should be pointed out that the theory of the present paper is agreement with the experimental and numerical results of Forbes and can be employed to find the generating properties of the precursor solitons at near-resonance.展开更多
基金This study was sppored by grant from the Capital Medical Developmcnt Foundation of Bejing(No.2010-1009)
文摘Objective To investigate the appropriate waist circumference(WC)cutoff points for central obesity in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of the International Diabetes Federation(IDF).Methods A total of 2,344 Beijing residents aged≥40 years were investigated.They answered questionnaires,received physical examinations,and underwent plasma glucose and lipid profile measurement.Those non-diabetic subjects underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test.All data were analyzed to calculate the appropriate WC cutoff points for central obesity reaching the diagonsis of MS.Results 1)Both in males and females,the triglyceride(TG),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose(FPG)increased linearly with WC,and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)decreased linearly with WC(P<0.05).2)The prevalence of elevated TG,reduced HDL-C,elevated blood pressure,elevated FBG,or≥2 of these factors increased with WC(P<0.05).3)Based on the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and Youden index,the WC values for central obesity and for detecting BMI≥25 kg/m^(2) were about 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women.4)The odds ratio for the presence of two or more metabolic risk factors increased abruptly in men with WC≥90 cm and in women with WC≥80 cm.Conclusions The appropriate WC cutoff point for central obesity was determined to be 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of IDF.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81241091)
文摘Objective： To evaluate the feasibility of DNA image cytometry （DNA-ICM） as a primary screening method for esophageal squamous cell cancer （ESCC）. Methods： A total of 5,382 local residents aged 40-69 years from three high-risk areas in China （Linzhou in Henan province, Feicheng in Shandong province and Cixian in Hebei province） from 2008 to 2011 were recruited in this population-based screening study. And 2,526 subjects declined to receive endoscopic biopsy examination with Lugol＇s iodine staining, while 9 and 815 subjects were excluded from liquid-based cytology and DNA-ICM test respectively due to slide quality. Finally, 2,856, 5,373 and 4,567 subjects were enrolled in the analysis for endoscopic biopsy examination, liquid-based cytology and DNA-ICM test, respectively. Sensitivity （SE）, specificity （SP）, negative predictive values （NPV） and positive predictive values （PPV） as well as their 95% confidence intervals （95% CI） for DNA-ICM, liquid-based cytology and the combination of the two methods were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were applied to determine the cutoff point of DNA-ICM for esophageal cancer. Results： DNA-ICM results were significantly correlative with esophageal cancer and precancer lesions （X2= 18.016, P〈0.001）. The cutoff points were 5,802, 5,803 and 8,002 based on dissimilar pathological types of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia （LGIN）, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia （HGIN）, and ESCC, respectively, and 5,803 was chosen in this study considering the SE and SP. The SE, SP, PPV, NPV of DNA-ICM test （cutoff point 5,803） combined with liquid-based cytology [threshold atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance （ASCUS）] were separately 72.1% （95% CI： 70.3%-73.9%）, 43.3% （95% CI. 41.3%-45.3%）, 22.8% （95% CI： 21.1%-24.5%） and 87.0% （95% CI： 85.7%-88.3%） for LGIN, 85.7% （95% CI： 84.3%-87.1%）, 41.3% （95% CI： 39.3%-43.3%）, 4.6% （95% CI： 3.8%-5.4%） and 98.9% （95% CI： 98.5%-99.3%） for HGIN, and 96.0% （95% CI： 95.2%-96.8%）, 40.8% （95% CI： 38.8%-42.8%）, 1.7% （95% CI： 1.2%-2.2%） and 99.9% （95% CI： 99.8%-100.0%） for ESCC. Conclusions： It is possible to use DNA-ICM test as a primary screening method before endoscopic screening for esophageal cancer.
基金Supported by GILDRCIran University of Medical Sciences
文摘AIM: To determine the discriminatory performance of fatty liver index (FLI) for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).METHODS: The data of 5052 subjects aged over 18 years were analyzed. FLI was calculated from body mass index, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride, and gamma glutamyl transferase data. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between FLI and NAFLD. The discriminatory performance of FLI in the diagnosis of NAFLD was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Area under the curves (AUCs) and related confidence intervals were estimated. Optimal cutoff points of FLI in the diagnosis of NAFLD were determined based on the maximum values of Youden’s index.RESULTS: The mean age of men and women in the study population were 44.8 ± 16.8 and 43.78 ± 15.43, respectively (P = 0.0216). The prevalence of NAFLD was 40.1% in men and 44.2% in women (P < 0.0017). FLI was strongly associated with NAFLD, so that even a one unit increase in FLI increased the chance of developing NAFLD by 5.8% (OR = 1.058, 95%CI: 1.054-1.063, P < 0.0001). Although FLI showed good performance in the diagnosis of NAFLD (AUC = 0.8656 (95%CI: 0.8548-0.8764), there was no significant difference with regards to WC (AUC = 0.8533, 95%CI: 0.8419-0.8646). The performance of FLI was not significantly different between men (AUC = 0.8648, 95%CI: 0.8505-0.8791) and women (AUC = 0.8682, 95%CI: 0.8513-0.8851). The highest performance with regards to age was related to the 18-39 age group (AUC = 0.8930, 95%CI: 0.8766-0.9093). The optimal cutoff points of FLI were 46.9 in men (sensitivity = 0.8242, specificity = 0.7687, Youden’s index = 0.5929) and 53.8 in women (sensitivity = 0.8233, specificity = 0.7655, Youden’s index = 0.5888).CONCLUSION: Although FLI had acceptable discriminatory power in the diagnosis of NAFLD, WC was a simpler and more accessible index with a similar performance.
文摘Hydraulic falls and asymptotic mean levels of two-layer flow are determined by means of AfKdV equation in phase coordinate theoretically. By present theory, the hydraulic falls Hf depend on a characteristic value of the MfKdV equation at the subcritical cutoff points It is proved that the differences of the asymptotic mean levels upstream and downstream at the subcritical cutoff points are equal to 2 A relation between and the asymptotic mean levels at the subcritical cutoff points is also found in terms of the solution of the hydraulic falls. Because the AfKdV equation is derived based on the small topography assumption, for semicircular topography the valid region of this theory is α< 0. 35, in which α is radius of the semicircular topography. An experiment is carried out to examine the theory of the present paper. From comparisons between the theoretical and experimental results. it is shown that they are in better agreement. Under conditions of different stratified parameters, the hydraulic falls of two-layer flow are predicted theoretically. This work was supered by the Foundation of the State Education COmmission 'The dynamics of upper ocean'.
文摘Hydraulic falls of single-layer now are determined theoretically in terms of a time-dependent averaged fKdV equation(AfKdV equation)in phase coordinate. From the theory of the present paper it was known that difference of the asymptotic mean levels upstream and downsream at the subcritical cutoff points is just equal to a subcritical value of the AfKdV equation An experiment is carried out to examine the theoretical results. From comparison between theoreticaland experimental results, it was shown that they are in good agreement.At the same time, it should be pointed out that the theory of the present paper is agreement with the experimental and numerical results of Forbes and can be employed to find the generating properties of the precursor solitons at near-resonance.
