Our previous research studies have shown that Veratrilla baillonii Franch,a food supplement used by ethnic minorities in Southwest China,has multiple pharmacological activities,such as detoxification,antiinflammatory,...Our previous research studies have shown that Veratrilla baillonii Franch,a food supplement used by ethnic minorities in Southwest China,has multiple pharmacological activities,such as detoxification,antiinflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-insulin resistance.However,the detailed signal pathways for its salutary effect on damages in multiple organs due to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)remains unclear.The current study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of V.baillonii on T2DM rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms.The T2DM rat model was successfully established by a high-sugar and high-fat diet(HFD)combination with intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin(STZ,35 mg/kg).Biochemical analysis and histopatholgical examinations were conducted to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of water extracts of V.baillonii(WVBF).The results showed that the WVBF treatment can improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,ameliorate the liver,kidney and pancreas injuries via decreasing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α,and oxidative damages.Further investigation suggested that WVBF modulates the signal transductions of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 and AMPK pathways.These findings demonstrate potentials of WVBF in the treatment of T2DM and possible mechanisms for its hepatoprotective activities.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes is known damage the liver and kidney,leading to hepatic dysfunction and kidney failure.Honey is believed to help in lowering the blood glucose levels of diabetic patients and reducing diabetic comp...BACKGROUND Diabetes is known damage the liver and kidney,leading to hepatic dysfunction and kidney failure.Honey is believed to help in lowering the blood glucose levels of diabetic patients and reducing diabetic complications.However,the effect of stingless bee honey(SBH)administration in relieving liver and kidney damage in diabetes has not been well-studied.AIM To investigate the effect of SBH administration on the kidney and liver of streptozotocin-induced(STZ;55 mg/kg)diabetic Sprague Dawley rats.METHODS The rats were grouped as follows(n=6 per group):non-diabetic(ND),untreated diabetic(UNT),metformin-treated(MET),and SBH+metformin-treated(SBME)groups.After successful diabetic induction,ND and UNT rats were given normal saline,whereas the treatment groups received SBH(2.0 g/kg and/or metformin(250 mg/kg)for 12 d.Serum biochemical parameters and histological changes using hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)and periodic acid–Schiff(PAS)staining were evaluated.RESULTS On H&E and PAS staining,the ND group showed normal architecture and cellularity of Bowman’s capsule and tubules,whereas the UNT and MET groups had an increased glomerular cellularity and thickened basement membrane.The SBH-treated group showed a decrease in hydropic changes and mild cellularity of the glomerulus vs the ND group based on H&E staining,but the two were similar on PAS staining.Likewise,the SBME-treated group had an increase in cellularity of the glomerulus on H&E staining,but it was comparable to the SBH and ND groups on PAS staining.UNT diabetic rats had tubular hydropic tubules,which were smaller than other groups.Reduced fatty vacuole formation and dilated blood sinusoids in liver tissue were seen in the SBH group.Conversely,the UNT group had high glucose levels,which subsequently increased MDA levels,ultimately leading to liver damage.SBH treatment reduced this damage,as evidenced by having the lowest fasting glucose,serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,and alkaline phosphatase levels compared to other groups,although the levels of liver enzymes were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION The cellularity of the Bowman’s capsule,as well as histological alteration of kidney tubules,glomerular membranes,and liver tissues in diabetic rats after oral SBH resembled those of ND rats.Therefore,SBH exhibited a protective hepatorenal effect in a diabetic rat model.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is often accompanied by impaired glucose utilization in the brain,leading to oxidative stress,neuronal cell injury and inflammation.Previous studies have shown that duodenal je...BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is often accompanied by impaired glucose utilization in the brain,leading to oxidative stress,neuronal cell injury and inflammation.Previous studies have shown that duodenal jejunal bypass(DJB)surgery significantly improves brain glucose metabolism in T2DM rats,the role and the metabolism of DJB in improving brain oxidative stress and inflammation condition in T2DM rats remain unclear.AIM To investigate the role and metabolism of DJB in improving hypothalamic oxidative stress and inflammation condition in T2DM rats.METHODS A T2DM rat model was induced via a high-glucose and high-fat diet,combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection.T2DM rats were divided into DJB operation and Sham operation groups.DJB surgical intervention was carried out on T2DM rats.The differential expression of hypothalamic proteins was analyzed using quantitative proteomics analysis.Proteins related to oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuronal injury in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats were analyzed by flow cytometry,quantitative real-time PCR,Western blotting,and immunofluorescence.RESULTS Quantitative proteomics analysis showed significant differences in proteins related to oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuronal injury in the hypothalamus of rats with T2DM-DJB after DJB surgery,compared to the T2DM-Sham groups of rats.Oxidative stress-related proteins(glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor,Nrf2,and HO-1)were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the hypothalamus of rats with T2DM after DJB surgery.DJB surgery significantly reduced(P<0.05)hypothalamic inflammation in T2DM rats by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and decreasing the expression of interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6.DJB surgery significantly reduced(P<0.05)the expression of factors related to neuronal injury(glial fibrillary acidic protein and Caspase-3)in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats and upregulated(P<0.05)the expression of neuroprotective factors(C-fos,Ki67,Bcl-2,and BDNF),thereby reducing hypothalamic injury in T2DM rats.CONCLUSION DJB surgery improve oxidative stress and inflammation in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats and reduce neuronal cell injury by activating the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-...BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-1 activation could be involved in the pathophysiological process of DCM by promoting oxidative stress,the inflammatory response,apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis.AIM To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide in improving myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats,further clarified the protective effect of liraglutide on the heart,and provided a new option for the treatment of DCM.METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats aged 6 wk were randomly divided into two groups,a normal control group(n=10)and a model group(n=30),which were fed an ordinary diet and a high-sugar and high-fat diet,respectively.After successful modeling,the rats in the model group were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 4 wk and randomly divided into a model group and an intervention group(further divided into a high-dose group and a low-dose group).The rats were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 wk and then started drug intervention.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to detect fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles.Intact heart tissue was dissected,and its weight was used to calculate the heart weight index.Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium and the expression of PARP-1 in the heart by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight and heart weight index of rats in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal control group,and those in the intervention group were decreased compared with those in the model group,with a more obvious decrease observed in the high-dose group(P<0.05).In the model group,myocardial fibers were disordered,and inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis were observed.The cardiomyopathy of rats in the intervention group was improved to different degrees,the myocardial fibers were arranged neatly,and the myocardial cells were clearly striated;the improvement was more obvious in the high-dose group.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue of the model group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After liraglutide intervention,compared with the model group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue was decreased,and the reduction was more obvious in the high-dose group(P<0.05)but still higher than that in the normal control group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may improve myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of myocardial PARP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.展开更多
Background:Hyperglycemia is a characteristic feature of diabetes that often results in neuropsychological complications such as depression.Diabetic individuals are more vulnerable to experience depression compared to ...Background:Hyperglycemia is a characteristic feature of diabetes that often results in neuropsychological complications such as depression.Diabetic individuals are more vulnerable to experience depression compared to the normal population.Thus,novel treatment approaches are required to reduce depressive symptoms among diabetic individuals.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)such as Shengmai San(SMS)and Radix puerariae(R)are usually widely used to treat ailments such as neurological com-plications since ancient time.Methods:In this study,SMS was combined with R to prepare an R-SMS formulation and screened for their antidepressant activity in diabetic rats.The antidepressant po-tential of the prepared combination was evaluated behaviorally using open field test,novelty-induced hypophagia,and forced swim test in diabetic rats with biochemical and protein expression(PI3K,BDNF[brain-derived neurotrophic factor],and SYN[pr-esynaptic vesicle protein])analysis.Results:Diabetic rats(streptozotocin,45 mg/kg)showed elevated fasting blood glu-cose(FBG)>12 mM with depressive symptoms throughout the study.Treatment with R-SMS(0.5,1.5,and 4.5 g/kg)significantly reverted depressive symptoms in diabetic rats as evinced by significantly(p<0.05)reduced immobility time with an increased tendency to eat food in a novel environment.Treatment with R-SMS also significantly increased the protein expression of PI3K,BDNF,and SYN protein,which play a crucial role in depression.Conclusion:This study showed that R-SMS formulation antagonized depressive symptoms in diabetic rats;thus,this formulation might be studied further to develop as an antidepressant.展开更多
Objective: The present study consisted of challenging the extract of kombucha and the fungus Ganoderma reported as hypoglycemic and used as alternative treatments against diabetes on the number and morphology of islet...Objective: The present study consisted of challenging the extract of kombucha and the fungus Ganoderma reported as hypoglycemic and used as alternative treatments against diabetes on the number and morphology of islets of Langerhans. Material and Methods: 64 Wistar rats were used in 4 groups: one control, three experimental, streptozotocin, Kombucha y Ganoderma induced diabetes with streptozotocin. Divided into four post-induction stages at 2, 15, 30 and 45 days of treatment, sacrificing 4 rats at each stage, to perform the morphological analysis of the pancreas. Results: A decrease in the islets of Langerhans in size, volume and the number of cells within them was identified for the streptozotocin group from the second stage until almost disappearing due to diabetes, in the groups of Kombucha y Ganoderma the same was observed but they were recovered with the extract treatments and the average number of islets was similar in these groups, the group of Ganoderma. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this work, a protective and regenerative effect of both extracts is identified.展开更多
Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora supplemented with magnesium on some biochemical markers of the kidneys and liver in type 2 di...Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora supplemented with magnesium on some biochemical markers of the kidneys and liver in type 2 diabetic rats. Method: 7 groups of 4 STZ-diabetic rats received separately orally Glucophage<sup>®</sup> (Glu 10 mg/kg), the plant extract (LiMAE 200 - 600 mg/kg) and the plant extract supplemented with magnesium (LiMAE-Mg 200 - 600 mg/kg). After a daily treatment of 21 days, serum biochemical parameters were assayed in 16 hr-fasted rats. Results: Diabetes caused a significant (p Conclusion: The addition of magnesium to the extract of Lippia multiflora caused a greater reduction in the levels of urea, creatinine, ALT and AST increased in STZ-diabetic rats. Magnesium would therefore enhance the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Lippia multiflora in diabetic rats.展开更多
Objective:To assess the effect of oral treatment of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Astragalus adscendens in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:In order to induce diabetes,rats intraperitoneally re...Objective:To assess the effect of oral treatment of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Astragalus adscendens in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:In order to induce diabetes,rats intraperitoneally received streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg.Sixty adult male Wistar rats were allocated into six groups(10 rats per each)including the healthy control group,the diabetic group as well as the diabetic group treated with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract at 50,100,and 200 mg/kg per day or glibenclamide(0.6 mg/kg/day)for 28 d.The effects of Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract on the levels of glucose,insulin,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,aspartate aminotransferase,bilirubin,creatinine,urea,uric acid,total protein,albumin,triglyceride,cholesterol,α-amylase,oxidant/antioxidant enzymes,and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated.Real time-PCR was also used for measuring the gene expression of caspase-3,Bcl2,and Bax.Results:The levels of glucose,cholesterol,triglyceride,creatinine,urea,uric acid,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,bilirubin,and malondialdehyde considerably declined(P<0.001)in diabetic rats after treatment with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg.In addition,treatment with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract noticeably increased the level of insulin,total protein,and albumin as well as improved the activities of catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase,as well as the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,caspase-3,Bcl2 and Bax(P<0.001)compared to the diabetic control group.The extract also inhibitedα-amylase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC_(50)value of 19.6μg/mL.Conclusions:Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract shows potent antidiabetic,anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic,and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats.However,more studies are needed to verify the underlying mechanism of the effect of this plant extract and test its efficacy in clinical trials.展开更多
Background: Few studies have often focused on medicinal plant mixtures, yet the most used in low-and middle-income areas as alternative drug to treat diseases. Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of Emilia...Background: Few studies have often focused on medicinal plant mixtures, yet the most used in low-and middle-income areas as alternative drug to treat diseases. Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of Emilia coccinea (Ec) (Asteraceae), Scoparia dulcis (Sd) (Plantaginaceae) and Tetracarpidium conophorum (Tc) (Euphorbiaceae) aqueous extracts mixture (EcSdTc) in rats. Methodology: Single plant aqueous extracts (Ec, Sd and Tc) and their mixtures (EcSd, EcTc, SdTc and EcSdTc) (each at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight respectively) were evaluated in acute administration on blood glucose in normal, glucose-overloaded and diabetic rats;then EcSdTc mixture was assessed in prolonged administration (21 days) on blood glucose, body weight, serum biochemical and antioxidant parameters in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ;50 mg/kg), and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Results: In acute administration, EcTc250, EcSdTc125, SdTc250, SdTc125, EcSd250, and EcSdTc250 extracts mixtures reduced (p Conclusion: EcSdTc aqueous extracts mixture has potent hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects, probably due to their bioactive compounds synergistic and/or additive actions, justifying its traditional use as alternative remedies.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant role of Actinidia deliciosa(kiwifruits)aqueous extract in streptozotocin-treated rats.Animals were distributed into;control,A.deliciosa aqueous extra...This study aimed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant role of Actinidia deliciosa(kiwifruits)aqueous extract in streptozotocin-treated rats.Animals were distributed into;control,A.deliciosa aqueous extract(ADAE;1 g/kg orally),streptozotocin(STZ;50 mg/kg,i.p,single dose),and STZ plus ADAE,respectively.Results showed that ADAE had high antioxidant and radical scavenging potency.Elevation in blood sugar level,lipid peroxidation(LPO),kidney function biomarkers,and perturbations in hematological parameters were observed in diabetic rats.While,enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants,protein content,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity declined.Furthermore,histological,immunohistochemical alpha-smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity(α-SMA-ir)and histochemical(collagen,total protein,DNA,and RNA)alterations were observed in rat kidneys.Moreover,STZ produced upregulation of inflammatory associated genes(tumor necrosis factor-alpha;TNF-αand transforming growth factorβ1;TGF-β1)and triggered apoptosis by upregulating apoptotic related gene[Bcl2-associated X protein(Bax)]and downregulating anti-apoptotic related gene B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)based on real-time PCR data.Moreover,diabetic rats administered with ADAE showed significant restoration in LPO,antioxidant status,and biochemical indices besides tissue architecture,and genes improvement regarding STZ group.Conclusively,A.deliciosa has a valuable ameliorative infl uence and can restore glucose levels and improve kidney dysfunction in diabetic rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND Obesity usually causes diabetes mellitus(DM)and is a serious danger to human health.Type 2 DM(T2DM)mostly occurs along with obesity.Foodborne obesityinduced DM is caused by an excessive long-term diet and s...BACKGROUND Obesity usually causes diabetes mellitus(DM)and is a serious danger to human health.Type 2 DM(T2DM)mostly occurs along with obesity.Foodborne obesityinduced DM is caused by an excessive long-term diet and surplus energy.Bariatric surgery can improve the symptoms of T2DM in some obese patients.But different types of bariatric surgery may have different effects.AIM To investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver and kidney function in rats.METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 wk underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery(RYGB),sleeve gastrectomy(SG),or gastric banding(GB).Glucose and insulin tolerance tests,analyses of biochemical parameters,histological examination,western blot,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were conducted.RESULTS In comparison to the sham operation group,the RYGB,SG,and GB groups had decreased body weight and food intake,reduced glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity,downregulated biochemical parameters,alleviated morphological changes in the liver and kidneys,and decreased levels of protein kinase Cβ/P66shc.The effect in the RYGB group was better than that in the SG and GB groups.CONCLUSION These results suggest that RYGB,SG and GB may be helpful for the treatment of foodborne obesity-induced DM.展开更多
·AIM:To determine the effects of protocatechuic acid(PCA)on streptozocin-induced diabetic retinopathy(DR)in rats.·METHODS:Wistar rats were given a 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin to induce...·AIM:To determine the effects of protocatechuic acid(PCA)on streptozocin-induced diabetic retinopathy(DR)in rats.·METHODS:Wistar rats were given a 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin to induce diabetes.Animals were assigned randomly one of four groups(8 rats per group):control,diabetic,diabetic plus PCA(25 mg/kg·d),and diabetic plus PCA(50 mg/kg·d).After inducing diabetes,treatments were started one week later and continued for eight weeks.After the experiment,the rats were sacrificed,and their retinas were taken for biochemical and molecular analysis.·RESULTS:PCA administration diminished the blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin levels relative to the diabetic group.In diabetic rats,PCA lowered elevated levels of advanced glycosylated end products(AGEs)and receptor for AGEs(RAGE).In the retina of diabetic rats,PCA effectively decreased inflammatory cytokine,nuclear factor-κB,tumour necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and vascular endothelial growth factor,and increased antioxidant markers glutathione,superoxide dismutase,and catalase.·CONCLUSION:The protective benefits of PCA against DR may be attributable to its suppression of the AGEs and RAGE and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.展开更多
Epidemiological and animal studies indicate that pre-existing diabetes increases the risk of Parkinson's disease(PD).However,the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.In the present study,we found ...Epidemiological and animal studies indicate that pre-existing diabetes increases the risk of Parkinson's disease(PD).However,the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.In the present study,we found that high glucose(HG)levels in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of diabetic rats might enhance the effect of a subthreshold dose of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)on the development of motor disorders,and the damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal pathway.In vitro,HG promoted the 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells differentiated to neurons with nerve growth factor(NGF)(NGF-PC12).Metabolomics showed that HG promoted hyperglycolysis in neurons and impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA cycle)activity,which was closely related to abnormal mitochondrial fusion,thus resulting in mitochondrial loss.Interestingly,HG-induced upregulation of pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2)combined with 6-OHDA exposure not only mediated glycolysis but also promoted abnormal mitochondrial fusion by upregulating the expression of MFN2 in NGF-PC12 cells.In addition,we found that PKM2 knockdown rescued the abnormal mitochondrial fusion and cell apoptosis induced by HGþ6-OHDA.Furthermore,we found that shikonin(SK),an inhibitor of PKM2,restored the mitochondrial number,promoted TCA cycle activity,reversed hyperglycolysis,enhanced the tolerance of cultured neurons to 6-OHDA,and reduced the risk of PD in diabetic rats.Overall,our results indicate that diabetes promotes hyperglycolysis and abnormal mitochondrial fusion in neurons through the upregulation of PKM2,leading to an increase in the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to 6-OHDA.Thus,the inhibition of PKM2 and restoration of mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis/pathways may prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic PD.展开更多
Red honeybush tea(RHT)is a tea product developed from Cyclopia spp.which is endemic to South Africa.Aside refreshment,RHT has over the years been used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including type ...Red honeybush tea(RHT)is a tea product developed from Cyclopia spp.which is endemic to South Africa.Aside refreshment,RHT has over the years been used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including type 2 diabetes.This study investigated the in vivo antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of RHT concentrated hot water extract in type 2 diabetes(T2D)model of rats.T2D was induced starting with feeding 10%fructose solution ad libitum for 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(40 mg/kg body weight(BW)).Five weeks of treatment of RHT led to significant(P<0.05)elevation in serum insulin,pancreaticβ-cell function,HDL-C levels with concomitant decrease in AST,ALT,ALP,urea,CK-MB,fructosamine,total cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL-C,and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.RHT also signifi cantly(P<0.05)decreased MDA levels and enhanced level of GSH,activity of SOD,catalase,GR in most of organs(pancreas,liver,kidneys,and heart).Signifi cantly(P<0.05)improved morphological changes in the islets andβ-cells were observed in rats treated with RHT.The data of this study suggest that RHT demonstrates an outstanding antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects in STZ-induced T2D model of rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cytokines are essential in autoimmune inflammatory processes that accompany type 1 diabetes.Tumor necrosis factor alpha plays a key role among others in modulating enteric neuroinflammation,however,it has a...BACKGROUND Cytokines are essential in autoimmune inflammatory processes that accompany type 1 diabetes.Tumor necrosis factor alpha plays a key role among others in modulating enteric neuroinflammation,however,it has a dual role in cell degeneration or survival depending on different TNFRs.In general,TNFR1 is believed to trigger apoptosis,while TNFR2 promotes cell regeneration.The importance of the neuronal microenvironment has been recently highlighted in gut region-specific diabetic enteric neuropathy,however,the expression and alterations of different TNFRs in the gastrointestinal tract has not been reported.AIM To investigate the TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression in myenteric ganglia and their environment in different intestinal segments of diabetic rats.METHODS Ten weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia,gut segments were taken from the duodenum,ileum and colon of streptozotocin-induced(60 mg/body weight kg i.p.)diabetic(n=17),insulin-treated diabetic(n=15)and sex-and age-matched control(n=15)rats.Myenteric plexus whole-mount preparations were prepared from different gut regions for TNFR1/HuCD or TNFR2/HuCD double-labeling fluorescent immunohistochemistry.TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression was evaluated by post-embedding immunogold electron microscopy on ultrathin sections of myenteric ganglia.TNFRs levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in muscle/myenteric plexus-containing(MUSCLE-MP)tissue homogenates from different gut segments and experimental conditions.RESULTS A distinct region-dependent TNFRs expression was detected in controls.The density of TNFR1-labeling gold particles was lowest,while TNFR2 density was highest in duodenal ganglia and a decreased TNFRs expression from proximal to distal segments was observed in MUSCLE-MP homogenates.In diabetics,the TNFR2 density was only significantly altered in the duodenum with decrease in the ganglia(0.32±0.02 vs 0.45±0.04,P<0.05),while no significant changes in TNFR1 density was observed.In diabetic MUSCLE-MP homogenates,both TNFRs levels significantly decreased in the duodenum(TNFR1:4.06±0.65 vs 20.32±3.1,P<0.001;TNFR2:11.72±0.39 vs 15.91±1.04,P<0.01),which markedly influenced the TNFR2/TNFR1 proportion in both the ganglia and their muscular environment.Insulin treatment had controversial effects on TNFR expression.CONCLUSION Our findings show diabetes-related region-dependent changes in TNFR expression and suggest that TNFR2 is more affected than TNFR1 in myenteric ganglia in the duodenum of type 1 diabetic rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND Different metabolic/bariatric surgery approaches vary in their effect on weight loss and glucose levels,although the underlying mechanism is unclear.Studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota might b...BACKGROUND Different metabolic/bariatric surgery approaches vary in their effect on weight loss and glucose levels,although the underlying mechanism is unclear.Studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota might be an important mechanism of improved metabolism after metabolic/bariatric surgery.AIM To investigate the relationship between the improvement in metabolic disturbances and the changes in gut microbiota after gastric or intestinal bypass.METHODS We performed sleeve gastrectomy(SG),distal small intestine bypass(DSIB)or sham surgery in nonobese rats with diabetes induced by 60 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ-DM).RESULTS The group comparisons revealed that both SG and DSIB induced a reduction in body weight and significant improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism in the STZ-DM rats.Furthermore,DSIB exhibited a stronger glucose-lowering and lipidreducing effect on STZ-DM rats than SG.16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing revealed the gut abundance of some Lactobacillus spp.increased in both the SG and DSIB groups after surgery.However,the DSIB group exhibited a more pronounced increase in the gut abundance of Lactobacillus spp.compared to the SG group,with more Lactobacillus spp.types increased in the gut.CONCLUSION The gut abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly correlated with the improvement in glycolipid metabolism and the change in serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels.展开更多
Background:Cucurbita maxima plant materials are frequently used to manage a number of disorders,according to previous studies.Objective:The goal of the present report was to look into further possible effects of this ...Background:Cucurbita maxima plant materials are frequently used to manage a number of disorders,according to previous studies.Objective:The goal of the present report was to look into further possible effects of this plant on kidney disorder in rats brought on by diabetes as well as the related abnormalities in lipid metabolism.Methods:To assess the ameliorative effect of the plant,streptozotocin(STZ)(45 mg/kg/day)was given as a single dosage to cause type 1 diabetes.After then,diabetic rats received supplemented diets of Cucurbita maxima for four weeks at 5%,10%,15%and 20%ad libidium.However,in another experiment to evaluate the preventive capacity of Cucurbita maxima,the STZ-induction came at the end of four weeks supplementation.Blood and kidney tissues were obtained at the end of the treatments and investigated.Consequently,the analysis of kidney function and lipid profile was made using serum obtained from the blood sample.Histological change in kidney was also observed using haematoxylin and eosin stain Results:Our findings demonstrated that Cucurbita maxima drastically(P<0.05)decreased the elevated kidney indicators such as urea and creatinine in the blood,and restored the electrolytes and lipid profiles anomalies as compared to the normal control.However,the alteration of biochemical parameters in the STZ-induced diabetic control remained unchanged throughout as compared to the normal control.The above mentioned biochemical changes that took place in kidney tissues were further corroborated by histological alterations.Conclusion:The results suggest that Cucurbita maxima leaves supplemented diets reversed STZ-induced renal disorder and abnormal lipid metabolism,and that these effects may be mediated by interacting with multiple receptors to raise the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the system.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup(BHRSS)on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats and explore whether its therapeutic effect is achieved by promoting autophagy in the pancreas tissue ...Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup(BHRSS)on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats and explore whether its therapeutic effect is achieved by promoting autophagy in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.Methods:Thirty male standard deviation rats were equally divided into normal control group,T2DM group and BHRSS group.Firstly,the therapeutic effect of BHRSS on T2DM was evaluated by biochemical indices in serum and pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after modeling and medication.Then,the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)protein and p62 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after BHRSS intervention were detected by Western blot.Results:BHRSS intervention significantly reduced the levels of blood sugar,liver and kidney function,and other related biochemical indices in the serum of T2DM rats,and effectively improved the pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.In addition,Western blot results showed that the expression levels of autophagy-related protein LC3 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats were increased,and the expression level of p62 protein was decreased after BHRSS intervention.Conclusion:BHRSS has a clear therapeutic effect on T2DM model rats,which may be related to that increase of autophagy protein LC3 and the decrease of p62 protein level in the pancreas tissue.展开更多
AIM: To study the histopathological changes in the retina and flash electroretinogram(F-ERG) features of ozone-treated streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Seventy male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped a...AIM: To study the histopathological changes in the retina and flash electroretinogram(F-ERG) features of ozone-treated streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Seventy male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped as follows: blank group(GB, n =10), model control group(GM, n =18), ozone group(GO3, n =19), and oxygen group(GO2, n =18). The model was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Ozone or oxygen enteroclysm was given twice per week for 4wk. F-ERG and histopathological examinations were performed one month after treatment.RESULTS: Under dark adaption, as compared to GB,the other groups each had differential decreases in the a-wave amplitudes(P <0.05); the latencies were delayed in GM, GO2, and GO3rats(P <0.05). Similar results were observed under light adaption, with the exception that the a-wave of the amplitudes(F =0.28, P >0.05). There were significant differences in the apoptosis index among the groups(P <0.05). Under ozone treatment,apoptosis was decreased in GO3 as compared to GM and GO2.CONCLUSION: Ozone administration alleviates nerve damage and reduces pathology and apoptosis in the retinas of diabetic rats.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81873090)Support Innovation and Development of Enterprise Technology Projects in Hubei Province (2021BLB174)the modern transmission and innovation research team of Traditional Chinese Medicine,South Central Minzu University。
文摘Our previous research studies have shown that Veratrilla baillonii Franch,a food supplement used by ethnic minorities in Southwest China,has multiple pharmacological activities,such as detoxification,antiinflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-insulin resistance.However,the detailed signal pathways for its salutary effect on damages in multiple organs due to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)remains unclear.The current study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of V.baillonii on T2DM rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms.The T2DM rat model was successfully established by a high-sugar and high-fat diet(HFD)combination with intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin(STZ,35 mg/kg).Biochemical analysis and histopatholgical examinations were conducted to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of water extracts of V.baillonii(WVBF).The results showed that the WVBF treatment can improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,ameliorate the liver,kidney and pancreas injuries via decreasing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α,and oxidative damages.Further investigation suggested that WVBF modulates the signal transductions of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 and AMPK pathways.These findings demonstrate potentials of WVBF in the treatment of T2DM and possible mechanisms for its hepatoprotective activities.
基金Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia for Fundamental Research Grant Scheme FRGS/1/2019/SKK06/USM/03/6,No.291983-329281.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes is known damage the liver and kidney,leading to hepatic dysfunction and kidney failure.Honey is believed to help in lowering the blood glucose levels of diabetic patients and reducing diabetic complications.However,the effect of stingless bee honey(SBH)administration in relieving liver and kidney damage in diabetes has not been well-studied.AIM To investigate the effect of SBH administration on the kidney and liver of streptozotocin-induced(STZ;55 mg/kg)diabetic Sprague Dawley rats.METHODS The rats were grouped as follows(n=6 per group):non-diabetic(ND),untreated diabetic(UNT),metformin-treated(MET),and SBH+metformin-treated(SBME)groups.After successful diabetic induction,ND and UNT rats were given normal saline,whereas the treatment groups received SBH(2.0 g/kg and/or metformin(250 mg/kg)for 12 d.Serum biochemical parameters and histological changes using hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)and periodic acid–Schiff(PAS)staining were evaluated.RESULTS On H&E and PAS staining,the ND group showed normal architecture and cellularity of Bowman’s capsule and tubules,whereas the UNT and MET groups had an increased glomerular cellularity and thickened basement membrane.The SBH-treated group showed a decrease in hydropic changes and mild cellularity of the glomerulus vs the ND group based on H&E staining,but the two were similar on PAS staining.Likewise,the SBME-treated group had an increase in cellularity of the glomerulus on H&E staining,but it was comparable to the SBH and ND groups on PAS staining.UNT diabetic rats had tubular hydropic tubules,which were smaller than other groups.Reduced fatty vacuole formation and dilated blood sinusoids in liver tissue were seen in the SBH group.Conversely,the UNT group had high glucose levels,which subsequently increased MDA levels,ultimately leading to liver damage.SBH treatment reduced this damage,as evidenced by having the lowest fasting glucose,serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,and alkaline phosphatase levels compared to other groups,although the levels of liver enzymes were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION The cellularity of the Bowman’s capsule,as well as histological alteration of kidney tubules,glomerular membranes,and liver tissues in diabetic rats after oral SBH resembled those of ND rats.Therefore,SBH exhibited a protective hepatorenal effect in a diabetic rat model.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82070856the Science and Technology Development Plan of Shandong Medical and Health Science,No.202102040075+1 种基金Scientific Research Plan of Weifang Health Commission,No.WFWSJK-2022-010 and No.WFWSJK-2022-008Weifang Science and Technology Development Plan,No.2021YX071 and No.2021YX070.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is often accompanied by impaired glucose utilization in the brain,leading to oxidative stress,neuronal cell injury and inflammation.Previous studies have shown that duodenal jejunal bypass(DJB)surgery significantly improves brain glucose metabolism in T2DM rats,the role and the metabolism of DJB in improving brain oxidative stress and inflammation condition in T2DM rats remain unclear.AIM To investigate the role and metabolism of DJB in improving hypothalamic oxidative stress and inflammation condition in T2DM rats.METHODS A T2DM rat model was induced via a high-glucose and high-fat diet,combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection.T2DM rats were divided into DJB operation and Sham operation groups.DJB surgical intervention was carried out on T2DM rats.The differential expression of hypothalamic proteins was analyzed using quantitative proteomics analysis.Proteins related to oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuronal injury in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats were analyzed by flow cytometry,quantitative real-time PCR,Western blotting,and immunofluorescence.RESULTS Quantitative proteomics analysis showed significant differences in proteins related to oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuronal injury in the hypothalamus of rats with T2DM-DJB after DJB surgery,compared to the T2DM-Sham groups of rats.Oxidative stress-related proteins(glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor,Nrf2,and HO-1)were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the hypothalamus of rats with T2DM after DJB surgery.DJB surgery significantly reduced(P<0.05)hypothalamic inflammation in T2DM rats by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and decreasing the expression of interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6.DJB surgery significantly reduced(P<0.05)the expression of factors related to neuronal injury(glial fibrillary acidic protein and Caspase-3)in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats and upregulated(P<0.05)the expression of neuroprotective factors(C-fos,Ki67,Bcl-2,and BDNF),thereby reducing hypothalamic injury in T2DM rats.CONCLUSION DJB surgery improve oxidative stress and inflammation in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats and reduce neuronal cell injury by activating the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
基金Supported by Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.201701D121159Shanxi Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission,No.2014016Health Commission of Shanxi Province,No.2019020.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-1 activation could be involved in the pathophysiological process of DCM by promoting oxidative stress,the inflammatory response,apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis.AIM To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide in improving myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats,further clarified the protective effect of liraglutide on the heart,and provided a new option for the treatment of DCM.METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats aged 6 wk were randomly divided into two groups,a normal control group(n=10)and a model group(n=30),which were fed an ordinary diet and a high-sugar and high-fat diet,respectively.After successful modeling,the rats in the model group were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 4 wk and randomly divided into a model group and an intervention group(further divided into a high-dose group and a low-dose group).The rats were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 wk and then started drug intervention.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to detect fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles.Intact heart tissue was dissected,and its weight was used to calculate the heart weight index.Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium and the expression of PARP-1 in the heart by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight and heart weight index of rats in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal control group,and those in the intervention group were decreased compared with those in the model group,with a more obvious decrease observed in the high-dose group(P<0.05).In the model group,myocardial fibers were disordered,and inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis were observed.The cardiomyopathy of rats in the intervention group was improved to different degrees,the myocardial fibers were arranged neatly,and the myocardial cells were clearly striated;the improvement was more obvious in the high-dose group.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue of the model group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After liraglutide intervention,compared with the model group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue was decreased,and the reduction was more obvious in the high-dose group(P<0.05)but still higher than that in the normal control group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may improve myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of myocardial PARP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.
基金We thank the National High-End Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan(G2022051012L)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFE0131800)+1 种基金Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2019YFH0023)the High-End Talents Recruitment Program(Liu Xinmin group)of Luzhou Municipal People's Government.
文摘Background:Hyperglycemia is a characteristic feature of diabetes that often results in neuropsychological complications such as depression.Diabetic individuals are more vulnerable to experience depression compared to the normal population.Thus,novel treatment approaches are required to reduce depressive symptoms among diabetic individuals.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)such as Shengmai San(SMS)and Radix puerariae(R)are usually widely used to treat ailments such as neurological com-plications since ancient time.Methods:In this study,SMS was combined with R to prepare an R-SMS formulation and screened for their antidepressant activity in diabetic rats.The antidepressant po-tential of the prepared combination was evaluated behaviorally using open field test,novelty-induced hypophagia,and forced swim test in diabetic rats with biochemical and protein expression(PI3K,BDNF[brain-derived neurotrophic factor],and SYN[pr-esynaptic vesicle protein])analysis.Results:Diabetic rats(streptozotocin,45 mg/kg)showed elevated fasting blood glu-cose(FBG)>12 mM with depressive symptoms throughout the study.Treatment with R-SMS(0.5,1.5,and 4.5 g/kg)significantly reverted depressive symptoms in diabetic rats as evinced by significantly(p<0.05)reduced immobility time with an increased tendency to eat food in a novel environment.Treatment with R-SMS also significantly increased the protein expression of PI3K,BDNF,and SYN protein,which play a crucial role in depression.Conclusion:This study showed that R-SMS formulation antagonized depressive symptoms in diabetic rats;thus,this formulation might be studied further to develop as an antidepressant.
文摘Objective: The present study consisted of challenging the extract of kombucha and the fungus Ganoderma reported as hypoglycemic and used as alternative treatments against diabetes on the number and morphology of islets of Langerhans. Material and Methods: 64 Wistar rats were used in 4 groups: one control, three experimental, streptozotocin, Kombucha y Ganoderma induced diabetes with streptozotocin. Divided into four post-induction stages at 2, 15, 30 and 45 days of treatment, sacrificing 4 rats at each stage, to perform the morphological analysis of the pancreas. Results: A decrease in the islets of Langerhans in size, volume and the number of cells within them was identified for the streptozotocin group from the second stage until almost disappearing due to diabetes, in the groups of Kombucha y Ganoderma the same was observed but they were recovered with the extract treatments and the average number of islets was similar in these groups, the group of Ganoderma. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this work, a protective and regenerative effect of both extracts is identified.
文摘Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora supplemented with magnesium on some biochemical markers of the kidneys and liver in type 2 diabetic rats. Method: 7 groups of 4 STZ-diabetic rats received separately orally Glucophage<sup>®</sup> (Glu 10 mg/kg), the plant extract (LiMAE 200 - 600 mg/kg) and the plant extract supplemented with magnesium (LiMAE-Mg 200 - 600 mg/kg). After a daily treatment of 21 days, serum biochemical parameters were assayed in 16 hr-fasted rats. Results: Diabetes caused a significant (p Conclusion: The addition of magnesium to the extract of Lippia multiflora caused a greater reduction in the levels of urea, creatinine, ALT and AST increased in STZ-diabetic rats. Magnesium would therefore enhance the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Lippia multiflora in diabetic rats.
文摘Objective:To assess the effect of oral treatment of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Astragalus adscendens in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:In order to induce diabetes,rats intraperitoneally received streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg.Sixty adult male Wistar rats were allocated into six groups(10 rats per each)including the healthy control group,the diabetic group as well as the diabetic group treated with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract at 50,100,and 200 mg/kg per day or glibenclamide(0.6 mg/kg/day)for 28 d.The effects of Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract on the levels of glucose,insulin,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,aspartate aminotransferase,bilirubin,creatinine,urea,uric acid,total protein,albumin,triglyceride,cholesterol,α-amylase,oxidant/antioxidant enzymes,and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated.Real time-PCR was also used for measuring the gene expression of caspase-3,Bcl2,and Bax.Results:The levels of glucose,cholesterol,triglyceride,creatinine,urea,uric acid,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,bilirubin,and malondialdehyde considerably declined(P<0.001)in diabetic rats after treatment with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg.In addition,treatment with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract noticeably increased the level of insulin,total protein,and albumin as well as improved the activities of catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase,as well as the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,caspase-3,Bcl2 and Bax(P<0.001)compared to the diabetic control group.The extract also inhibitedα-amylase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC_(50)value of 19.6μg/mL.Conclusions:Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract shows potent antidiabetic,anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic,and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats.However,more studies are needed to verify the underlying mechanism of the effect of this plant extract and test its efficacy in clinical trials.
文摘Background: Few studies have often focused on medicinal plant mixtures, yet the most used in low-and middle-income areas as alternative drug to treat diseases. Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of Emilia coccinea (Ec) (Asteraceae), Scoparia dulcis (Sd) (Plantaginaceae) and Tetracarpidium conophorum (Tc) (Euphorbiaceae) aqueous extracts mixture (EcSdTc) in rats. Methodology: Single plant aqueous extracts (Ec, Sd and Tc) and their mixtures (EcSd, EcTc, SdTc and EcSdTc) (each at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight respectively) were evaluated in acute administration on blood glucose in normal, glucose-overloaded and diabetic rats;then EcSdTc mixture was assessed in prolonged administration (21 days) on blood glucose, body weight, serum biochemical and antioxidant parameters in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ;50 mg/kg), and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Results: In acute administration, EcTc250, EcSdTc125, SdTc250, SdTc125, EcSd250, and EcSdTc250 extracts mixtures reduced (p Conclusion: EcSdTc aqueous extracts mixture has potent hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects, probably due to their bioactive compounds synergistic and/or additive actions, justifying its traditional use as alternative remedies.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant role of Actinidia deliciosa(kiwifruits)aqueous extract in streptozotocin-treated rats.Animals were distributed into;control,A.deliciosa aqueous extract(ADAE;1 g/kg orally),streptozotocin(STZ;50 mg/kg,i.p,single dose),and STZ plus ADAE,respectively.Results showed that ADAE had high antioxidant and radical scavenging potency.Elevation in blood sugar level,lipid peroxidation(LPO),kidney function biomarkers,and perturbations in hematological parameters were observed in diabetic rats.While,enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants,protein content,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity declined.Furthermore,histological,immunohistochemical alpha-smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity(α-SMA-ir)and histochemical(collagen,total protein,DNA,and RNA)alterations were observed in rat kidneys.Moreover,STZ produced upregulation of inflammatory associated genes(tumor necrosis factor-alpha;TNF-αand transforming growth factorβ1;TGF-β1)and triggered apoptosis by upregulating apoptotic related gene[Bcl2-associated X protein(Bax)]and downregulating anti-apoptotic related gene B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)based on real-time PCR data.Moreover,diabetic rats administered with ADAE showed significant restoration in LPO,antioxidant status,and biochemical indices besides tissue architecture,and genes improvement regarding STZ group.Conclusively,A.deliciosa has a valuable ameliorative infl uence and can restore glucose levels and improve kidney dysfunction in diabetic rats.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2021JJ70119.
文摘BACKGROUND Obesity usually causes diabetes mellitus(DM)and is a serious danger to human health.Type 2 DM(T2DM)mostly occurs along with obesity.Foodborne obesityinduced DM is caused by an excessive long-term diet and surplus energy.Bariatric surgery can improve the symptoms of T2DM in some obese patients.But different types of bariatric surgery may have different effects.AIM To investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver and kidney function in rats.METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 wk underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery(RYGB),sleeve gastrectomy(SG),or gastric banding(GB).Glucose and insulin tolerance tests,analyses of biochemical parameters,histological examination,western blot,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were conducted.RESULTS In comparison to the sham operation group,the RYGB,SG,and GB groups had decreased body weight and food intake,reduced glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity,downregulated biochemical parameters,alleviated morphological changes in the liver and kidneys,and decreased levels of protein kinase Cβ/P66shc.The effect in the RYGB group was better than that in the SG and GB groups.CONCLUSION These results suggest that RYGB,SG and GB may be helpful for the treatment of foodborne obesity-induced DM.
基金Supported by Model Construction of Regional Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy,Sichuan Science and Technology Support Program (No.2016FZ0091)。
文摘·AIM:To determine the effects of protocatechuic acid(PCA)on streptozocin-induced diabetic retinopathy(DR)in rats.·METHODS:Wistar rats were given a 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin to induce diabetes.Animals were assigned randomly one of four groups(8 rats per group):control,diabetic,diabetic plus PCA(25 mg/kg·d),and diabetic plus PCA(50 mg/kg·d).After inducing diabetes,treatments were started one week later and continued for eight weeks.After the experiment,the rats were sacrificed,and their retinas were taken for biochemical and molecular analysis.·RESULTS:PCA administration diminished the blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin levels relative to the diabetic group.In diabetic rats,PCA lowered elevated levels of advanced glycosylated end products(AGEs)and receptor for AGEs(RAGE).In the retina of diabetic rats,PCA effectively decreased inflammatory cytokine,nuclear factor-κB,tumour necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and vascular endothelial growth factor,and increased antioxidant markers glutathione,superoxide dismutase,and catalase.·CONCLUSION:The protective benefits of PCA against DR may be attributable to its suppression of the AGEs and RAGE and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82074039 and 82204584).
文摘Epidemiological and animal studies indicate that pre-existing diabetes increases the risk of Parkinson's disease(PD).However,the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.In the present study,we found that high glucose(HG)levels in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of diabetic rats might enhance the effect of a subthreshold dose of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)on the development of motor disorders,and the damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal pathway.In vitro,HG promoted the 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells differentiated to neurons with nerve growth factor(NGF)(NGF-PC12).Metabolomics showed that HG promoted hyperglycolysis in neurons and impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA cycle)activity,which was closely related to abnormal mitochondrial fusion,thus resulting in mitochondrial loss.Interestingly,HG-induced upregulation of pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2)combined with 6-OHDA exposure not only mediated glycolysis but also promoted abnormal mitochondrial fusion by upregulating the expression of MFN2 in NGF-PC12 cells.In addition,we found that PKM2 knockdown rescued the abnormal mitochondrial fusion and cell apoptosis induced by HGþ6-OHDA.Furthermore,we found that shikonin(SK),an inhibitor of PKM2,restored the mitochondrial number,promoted TCA cycle activity,reversed hyperglycolysis,enhanced the tolerance of cultured neurons to 6-OHDA,and reduced the risk of PD in diabetic rats.Overall,our results indicate that diabetes promotes hyperglycolysis and abnormal mitochondrial fusion in neurons through the upregulation of PKM2,leading to an increase in the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to 6-OHDA.Thus,the inhibition of PKM2 and restoration of mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis/pathways may prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic PD.
基金supported by a competitive research grant from the Research Office,University of KwaZulu-Natal(UKZN),Durbanan incentive grant for rated researchers and a grant support for women and young researchers from the National Research Foundation(NRF),Pretoria,South Africa.
文摘Red honeybush tea(RHT)is a tea product developed from Cyclopia spp.which is endemic to South Africa.Aside refreshment,RHT has over the years been used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including type 2 diabetes.This study investigated the in vivo antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of RHT concentrated hot water extract in type 2 diabetes(T2D)model of rats.T2D was induced starting with feeding 10%fructose solution ad libitum for 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(40 mg/kg body weight(BW)).Five weeks of treatment of RHT led to significant(P<0.05)elevation in serum insulin,pancreaticβ-cell function,HDL-C levels with concomitant decrease in AST,ALT,ALP,urea,CK-MB,fructosamine,total cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL-C,and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.RHT also signifi cantly(P<0.05)decreased MDA levels and enhanced level of GSH,activity of SOD,catalase,GR in most of organs(pancreas,liver,kidneys,and heart).Signifi cantly(P<0.05)improved morphological changes in the islets andβ-cells were observed in rats treated with RHT.The data of this study suggest that RHT demonstrates an outstanding antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects in STZ-induced T2D model of rats.
基金Supported by Hungarian National Research,Development and Innovation Fund Projects,No.GINOP-2.3.3-15-2016-00006Hungarian NKFIH Fund Project,No.FK131789(to Bódi N)+2 种基金János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences(to Bódi N)ÚNKP-21-5-New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund(to Bódi N)Gedeon Richter Plc Centenary Foundation(to Bódi N).
文摘BACKGROUND Cytokines are essential in autoimmune inflammatory processes that accompany type 1 diabetes.Tumor necrosis factor alpha plays a key role among others in modulating enteric neuroinflammation,however,it has a dual role in cell degeneration or survival depending on different TNFRs.In general,TNFR1 is believed to trigger apoptosis,while TNFR2 promotes cell regeneration.The importance of the neuronal microenvironment has been recently highlighted in gut region-specific diabetic enteric neuropathy,however,the expression and alterations of different TNFRs in the gastrointestinal tract has not been reported.AIM To investigate the TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression in myenteric ganglia and their environment in different intestinal segments of diabetic rats.METHODS Ten weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia,gut segments were taken from the duodenum,ileum and colon of streptozotocin-induced(60 mg/body weight kg i.p.)diabetic(n=17),insulin-treated diabetic(n=15)and sex-and age-matched control(n=15)rats.Myenteric plexus whole-mount preparations were prepared from different gut regions for TNFR1/HuCD or TNFR2/HuCD double-labeling fluorescent immunohistochemistry.TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression was evaluated by post-embedding immunogold electron microscopy on ultrathin sections of myenteric ganglia.TNFRs levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in muscle/myenteric plexus-containing(MUSCLE-MP)tissue homogenates from different gut segments and experimental conditions.RESULTS A distinct region-dependent TNFRs expression was detected in controls.The density of TNFR1-labeling gold particles was lowest,while TNFR2 density was highest in duodenal ganglia and a decreased TNFRs expression from proximal to distal segments was observed in MUSCLE-MP homogenates.In diabetics,the TNFR2 density was only significantly altered in the duodenum with decrease in the ganglia(0.32±0.02 vs 0.45±0.04,P<0.05),while no significant changes in TNFR1 density was observed.In diabetic MUSCLE-MP homogenates,both TNFRs levels significantly decreased in the duodenum(TNFR1:4.06±0.65 vs 20.32±3.1,P<0.001;TNFR2:11.72±0.39 vs 15.91±1.04,P<0.01),which markedly influenced the TNFR2/TNFR1 proportion in both the ganglia and their muscular environment.Insulin treatment had controversial effects on TNFR expression.CONCLUSION Our findings show diabetes-related region-dependent changes in TNFR expression and suggest that TNFR2 is more affected than TNFR1 in myenteric ganglia in the duodenum of type 1 diabetic rats.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81760156,81960154 and 82060161the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.2018ACB21040,20203BBGL73185,and 20212BAB206020Foundation of Health commission of Jiangxi Province,No.SKJP220225830。
文摘BACKGROUND Different metabolic/bariatric surgery approaches vary in their effect on weight loss and glucose levels,although the underlying mechanism is unclear.Studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota might be an important mechanism of improved metabolism after metabolic/bariatric surgery.AIM To investigate the relationship between the improvement in metabolic disturbances and the changes in gut microbiota after gastric or intestinal bypass.METHODS We performed sleeve gastrectomy(SG),distal small intestine bypass(DSIB)or sham surgery in nonobese rats with diabetes induced by 60 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ-DM).RESULTS The group comparisons revealed that both SG and DSIB induced a reduction in body weight and significant improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism in the STZ-DM rats.Furthermore,DSIB exhibited a stronger glucose-lowering and lipidreducing effect on STZ-DM rats than SG.16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing revealed the gut abundance of some Lactobacillus spp.increased in both the SG and DSIB groups after surgery.However,the DSIB group exhibited a more pronounced increase in the gut abundance of Lactobacillus spp.compared to the SG group,with more Lactobacillus spp.types increased in the gut.CONCLUSION The gut abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly correlated with the improvement in glycolipid metabolism and the change in serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels.
文摘Background:Cucurbita maxima plant materials are frequently used to manage a number of disorders,according to previous studies.Objective:The goal of the present report was to look into further possible effects of this plant on kidney disorder in rats brought on by diabetes as well as the related abnormalities in lipid metabolism.Methods:To assess the ameliorative effect of the plant,streptozotocin(STZ)(45 mg/kg/day)was given as a single dosage to cause type 1 diabetes.After then,diabetic rats received supplemented diets of Cucurbita maxima for four weeks at 5%,10%,15%and 20%ad libidium.However,in another experiment to evaluate the preventive capacity of Cucurbita maxima,the STZ-induction came at the end of four weeks supplementation.Blood and kidney tissues were obtained at the end of the treatments and investigated.Consequently,the analysis of kidney function and lipid profile was made using serum obtained from the blood sample.Histological change in kidney was also observed using haematoxylin and eosin stain Results:Our findings demonstrated that Cucurbita maxima drastically(P<0.05)decreased the elevated kidney indicators such as urea and creatinine in the blood,and restored the electrolytes and lipid profiles anomalies as compared to the normal control.However,the alteration of biochemical parameters in the STZ-induced diabetic control remained unchanged throughout as compared to the normal control.The above mentioned biochemical changes that took place in kidney tissues were further corroborated by histological alterations.Conclusion:The results suggest that Cucurbita maxima leaves supplemented diets reversed STZ-induced renal disorder and abnormal lipid metabolism,and that these effects may be mediated by interacting with multiple receptors to raise the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the system.
文摘Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup(BHRSS)on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats and explore whether its therapeutic effect is achieved by promoting autophagy in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.Methods:Thirty male standard deviation rats were equally divided into normal control group,T2DM group and BHRSS group.Firstly,the therapeutic effect of BHRSS on T2DM was evaluated by biochemical indices in serum and pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after modeling and medication.Then,the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)protein and p62 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after BHRSS intervention were detected by Western blot.Results:BHRSS intervention significantly reduced the levels of blood sugar,liver and kidney function,and other related biochemical indices in the serum of T2DM rats,and effectively improved the pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.In addition,Western blot results showed that the expression levels of autophagy-related protein LC3 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats were increased,and the expression level of p62 protein was decreased after BHRSS intervention.Conclusion:BHRSS has a clear therapeutic effect on T2DM model rats,which may be related to that increase of autophagy protein LC3 and the decrease of p62 protein level in the pancreas tissue.
基金Supported by the Xinjiang Natural Science Research Fund (No. 2014211C046)
文摘AIM: To study the histopathological changes in the retina and flash electroretinogram(F-ERG) features of ozone-treated streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Seventy male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped as follows: blank group(GB, n =10), model control group(GM, n =18), ozone group(GO3, n =19), and oxygen group(GO2, n =18). The model was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Ozone or oxygen enteroclysm was given twice per week for 4wk. F-ERG and histopathological examinations were performed one month after treatment.RESULTS: Under dark adaption, as compared to GB,the other groups each had differential decreases in the a-wave amplitudes(P <0.05); the latencies were delayed in GM, GO2, and GO3rats(P <0.05). Similar results were observed under light adaption, with the exception that the a-wave of the amplitudes(F =0.28, P >0.05). There were significant differences in the apoptosis index among the groups(P <0.05). Under ozone treatment,apoptosis was decreased in GO3 as compared to GM and GO2.CONCLUSION: Ozone administration alleviates nerve damage and reduces pathology and apoptosis in the retinas of diabetic rats.
