The structural model of the multiple-transient networks and the mechanism of the multiple-reptation entangled chains due to the dynamic reorganization in the entangled sites were extensively applied on the die swell o...The structural model of the multiple-transient networks and the mechanism of the multiple-reptation entangled chains due to the dynamic reorganization in the entangled sites were extensively applied on the die swell of polymeric liquids in the steady simple shear flow. The total （recoverable and unrecoverable） viscoelastic free energy of deformation and flow, the constitutive equation and the expression of the simple shear （tanψ） were deduced from the conformational probability distribution function of the entangled polymer chains. It found that： （1） the magnitudes of simple shear （tanψ） depended not only on the free recoil （or recoverable strain） but also on the viscous heating （or unrecoverable strain）; （2） the total recoil may be resolved into the instantaneous and delayed recoil. Based on these facts, the functions of the partition and two experiential fractions of the recoverable （1-Wγ） and the unrecoverable （Wγ） conformations for the recoil and viscous heating of polymeric liquids were defined correspondingly. Then the correlation of the instantaneously and ultimately （or total） recoverable strains to the （N1/T12）w and the fraction of trans-form conformation was obtained. After introducing the condition of uniform two-dimensional extension （αx=αy=α, αz=α^-2） and the swell ratio （B=α）, two sets of equations on the instantaneous and ultimate swelling ratios （BE, BEVT） were obtained, and a method to determine the fraction of the recoverable transform conformation were proposed, The equations of BE and BE5 were verified by the experimental data of HDPE （high denisity polyethylene） at two different high temperatures. It shows that the molecular theory of die swell can be used to predict the correlation of the swelling to the （NI/TI2）w and the fraction of trans-form conformation.展开更多
A general expression for the correlation of the simple shear （tanφ） to the molecular parameters and the shear rate （·↑γ） was deduced. It shows that the simple shear （tanφ） may be resolved into free reco...A general expression for the correlation of the simple shear （tanφ） to the molecular parameters and the shear rate （·↑γ） was deduced. It shows that the simple shear （tanφ） may be resolved into free recoil （recoverable strain） and viscous heating （unrecoverable strain）. The magnitudes of the simple shears for recoil （tanφE） and （tanφv） for viscous heating not only depended on the molecular parameters and the operational variables, but also on the exponential fractions of the recoverable （1--↑W·↑γ） and unrecoverable （-↑W·↑γ） conformations for recoil and viscous heating. Therefore the magnitudes of the simple shears （tanφE） for recoil and （tanφv） for viscous heating are, respectively, expressed as the partition function to the （1--↑W·↑γ）th power and the partition function to the （-↑W·↑γ）th power. Thus correlations of the total recoil and the ultimately recoverable strains to the molecular parameters [n′, α, η0, GN^0 and （1--↑W·↑γ）] and the operational variables （·↑γ, （L/D） and tr） were deduced respectively, which show that at very different shear rates （0≤·↑γ≤∞） the polymeric liquids may exhibit a very different viscoelastic behaviors. After introducing the uniform two-dimensional extension, the definition of swelling ratio and the ratio of L to D [De=（L/D）], two expressions for the ultimate die swelling effect and the ultimate extrudate swelling ratio BEVT5 to the molecular parameters [n′, α, η0, GN^0 and （1--↑W·↑γ）] and the operational variables （·↑γ, （L/D） and tr） were obtained. The two correlation expressions were verified by the experimental data of high-density polyethylene （HDPE） which shows that the two correlation expressions can be used to predict the correlations of the ultimate extrudate swelling behaviors of polymeric liquids to the molecular parameters and the operational variables.展开更多
The dynamic theory of die swell deduced in a previous paper was extensively applied to study the extrudate swelling behaviors of two entangled polymeric liquids （HDPE and PBD） in a simple shear flow at steady shear ...The dynamic theory of die swell deduced in a previous paper was extensively applied to study the extrudate swelling behaviors of two entangled polymeric liquids （HDPE and PBD） in a simple shear flow at steady shear stress. The mechanism and dynamics for the recoils and the recoveries of viscoelastic strains in the extrudate were investigated under the free recovery and dynamic states. It was found that in the course of recovery the free recoil and the growth of die swell in the extrudate may be divided into two recovery regions （instantaneous and delayed regions） and three growth stages （instantaneous, delayed, and ultimate extrudate swelling stages）. The free recoil and the extrudate swelling behaviors may be expressed as a function of shear stress. The correlations of instantaneous, delayed, total and ultimate extrudate swell effects to the molecular parameters and the operational variables in the simple shear flow at steady shear stress were derived from the dynamic theory of die swell. Also, two sets of new universal equations on the total extrudate swelling effect （TESE） and ultimate extrudate swelling effect （UESE） were deduced. The first is the universal equation of the logarithmic correlation between the TESE and the growth time under the free and dynamic states; the second is the universal equation of the logarithmic correlation between the UESE and the operational variables under the free and equilibrium states. The first equation was verified by experimental data of PBD with different molecular weights at different operational variables. The second equation was verified by experimental data of HDPE at two temperatures and different operational variables. An excellent agreement result was obtained. The excellent agreement shows that the two universal equations can be used directly to predict the correlations of the TESE and UESE to the growth time, the molecular parameters, and the operational variables under the dynamic and equilibrium states.展开更多
The colored poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)spinning solution was prepared by wet spinning and the die-swell of the colored PMIA spinning solution was done when it was extruded from a die in this experiment.The ...The colored poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)spinning solution was prepared by wet spinning and the die-swell of the colored PMIA spinning solution was done when it was extruded from a die in this experiment.The properties and structures of colored PMIA fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The colored PMIA spinning dopes were first commixed in a pressurizer and then spun into a coagulation bath.The effect of die swell on the colored PMIA solution was resulted from the viscoelastic properties of the colored PMIA solution in the spinning process.The results showed that the die-swell ratio of the colored PMIA solution increased linearly with increasing the pressure and die length/diameter ratio(L/D).At the same pressure and L/D,the die-swell ratio decreased with the increase of filter layers and temperature.Also,optimized spinning parameters of the dopedyed PMIA fiber were obtained.展开更多
采用Phan-Thien and Tanner(PTT)本构方程,建立了矩形截面共挤口模内外两种聚合物熔体流动的三维粘弹数值模型,有限元模拟了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共挤过程中的挤出胀大现象,并用实验验证了模拟结果。研究表明:当入口体积流量相同时,...采用Phan-Thien and Tanner(PTT)本构方程,建立了矩形截面共挤口模内外两种聚合物熔体流动的三维粘弹数值模型,有限元模拟了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共挤过程中的挤出胀大现象,并用实验验证了模拟结果。研究表明:当入口体积流量相同时,两熔体挤出口模后会朝向黏度较高的PS熔体一侧偏转,型材截面呈非对称畸变。两熔体在垂直挤出方向上的速度分布导致了挤出胀大过程中熔体的偏转流动,而口模出口处的剪切速率分布基本决定了共挤型材截面的形状。实验结果与模拟结果基本相符,模拟所得挤出胀大率比实际值大8.6%。等温假设是影响共挤出胀大数值模拟准确度的主要因素。展开更多
基金The authors greatly acknowledge financial support from the project-sponsored by SRF for R0CS,SEMthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59473003).
文摘The structural model of the multiple-transient networks and the mechanism of the multiple-reptation entangled chains due to the dynamic reorganization in the entangled sites were extensively applied on the die swell of polymeric liquids in the steady simple shear flow. The total （recoverable and unrecoverable） viscoelastic free energy of deformation and flow, the constitutive equation and the expression of the simple shear （tanψ） were deduced from the conformational probability distribution function of the entangled polymer chains. It found that： （1） the magnitudes of simple shear （tanψ） depended not only on the free recoil （or recoverable strain） but also on the viscous heating （or unrecoverable strain）; （2） the total recoil may be resolved into the instantaneous and delayed recoil. Based on these facts, the functions of the partition and two experiential fractions of the recoverable （1-Wγ） and the unrecoverable （Wγ） conformations for the recoil and viscous heating of polymeric liquids were defined correspondingly. Then the correlation of the instantaneously and ultimately （or total） recoverable strains to the （N1/T12）w and the fraction of trans-form conformation was obtained. After introducing the condition of uniform two-dimensional extension （αx=αy=α, αz=α^-2） and the swell ratio （B=α）, two sets of equations on the instantaneous and ultimate swelling ratios （BE, BEVT） were obtained, and a method to determine the fraction of the recoverable transform conformation were proposed, The equations of BE and BE5 were verified by the experimental data of HDPE （high denisity polyethylene） at two different high temperatures. It shows that the molecular theory of die swell can be used to predict the correlation of the swelling to the （NI/TI2）w and the fraction of trans-form conformation.
基金The authors greatly acknowledge financial support from the project-sponsored by SRF for R0CS, SEM and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 59473003）
文摘A general expression for the correlation of the simple shear （tanφ） to the molecular parameters and the shear rate （·↑γ） was deduced. It shows that the simple shear （tanφ） may be resolved into free recoil （recoverable strain） and viscous heating （unrecoverable strain）. The magnitudes of the simple shears for recoil （tanφE） and （tanφv） for viscous heating not only depended on the molecular parameters and the operational variables, but also on the exponential fractions of the recoverable （1--↑W·↑γ） and unrecoverable （-↑W·↑γ） conformations for recoil and viscous heating. Therefore the magnitudes of the simple shears （tanφE） for recoil and （tanφv） for viscous heating are, respectively, expressed as the partition function to the （1--↑W·↑γ）th power and the partition function to the （-↑W·↑γ）th power. Thus correlations of the total recoil and the ultimately recoverable strains to the molecular parameters [n′, α, η0, GN^0 and （1--↑W·↑γ）] and the operational variables （·↑γ, （L/D） and tr） were deduced respectively, which show that at very different shear rates （0≤·↑γ≤∞） the polymeric liquids may exhibit a very different viscoelastic behaviors. After introducing the uniform two-dimensional extension, the definition of swelling ratio and the ratio of L to D [De=（L/D）], two expressions for the ultimate die swelling effect and the ultimate extrudate swelling ratio BEVT5 to the molecular parameters [n′, α, η0, GN^0 and （1--↑W·↑γ）] and the operational variables （·↑γ, （L/D） and tr） were obtained. The two correlation expressions were verified by the experimental data of high-density polyethylene （HDPE） which shows that the two correlation expressions can be used to predict the correlations of the ultimate extrudate swelling behaviors of polymeric liquids to the molecular parameters and the operational variables.
文摘The dynamic theory of die swell deduced in a previous paper was extensively applied to study the extrudate swelling behaviors of two entangled polymeric liquids （HDPE and PBD） in a simple shear flow at steady shear stress. The mechanism and dynamics for the recoils and the recoveries of viscoelastic strains in the extrudate were investigated under the free recovery and dynamic states. It was found that in the course of recovery the free recoil and the growth of die swell in the extrudate may be divided into two recovery regions （instantaneous and delayed regions） and three growth stages （instantaneous, delayed, and ultimate extrudate swelling stages）. The free recoil and the extrudate swelling behaviors may be expressed as a function of shear stress. The correlations of instantaneous, delayed, total and ultimate extrudate swell effects to the molecular parameters and the operational variables in the simple shear flow at steady shear stress were derived from the dynamic theory of die swell. Also, two sets of new universal equations on the total extrudate swelling effect （TESE） and ultimate extrudate swelling effect （UESE） were deduced. The first is the universal equation of the logarithmic correlation between the TESE and the growth time under the free and dynamic states; the second is the universal equation of the logarithmic correlation between the UESE and the operational variables under the free and equilibrium states. The first equation was verified by experimental data of PBD with different molecular weights at different operational variables. The second equation was verified by experimental data of HDPE at two temperatures and different operational variables. An excellent agreement result was obtained. The excellent agreement shows that the two universal equations can be used directly to predict the correlations of the TESE and UESE to the growth time, the molecular parameters, and the operational variables under the dynamic and equilibrium states.
文摘The colored poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)spinning solution was prepared by wet spinning and the die-swell of the colored PMIA spinning solution was done when it was extruded from a die in this experiment.The properties and structures of colored PMIA fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The colored PMIA spinning dopes were first commixed in a pressurizer and then spun into a coagulation bath.The effect of die swell on the colored PMIA solution was resulted from the viscoelastic properties of the colored PMIA solution in the spinning process.The results showed that the die-swell ratio of the colored PMIA solution increased linearly with increasing the pressure and die length/diameter ratio(L/D).At the same pressure and L/D,the die-swell ratio decreased with the increase of filter layers and temperature.Also,optimized spinning parameters of the dopedyed PMIA fiber were obtained.
文摘采用Phan-Thien and Tanner(PTT)本构方程,建立了矩形截面共挤口模内外两种聚合物熔体流动的三维粘弹数值模型,有限元模拟了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共挤过程中的挤出胀大现象,并用实验验证了模拟结果。研究表明:当入口体积流量相同时,两熔体挤出口模后会朝向黏度较高的PS熔体一侧偏转,型材截面呈非对称畸变。两熔体在垂直挤出方向上的速度分布导致了挤出胀大过程中熔体的偏转流动,而口模出口处的剪切速率分布基本决定了共挤型材截面的形状。实验结果与模拟结果基本相符,模拟所得挤出胀大率比实际值大8.6%。等温假设是影响共挤出胀大数值模拟准确度的主要因素。
