<div style="text-align:justify;"> <strong>Background</strong>: <span "="">Insulin resistance (IR) is the backbone of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The latter are the ...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <strong>Background</strong>: <span "="">Insulin resistance (IR) is the backbone of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The latter are the most common non-communicable diseases globally. Diet is an important determinant of CVDs. The link between diet and cardiovascular health could be explained by an association between diet pattern and IR. <b>Aims</b>: To investigate the association between salt and specific food consumption as well as different diet patterns (Mediterranean, westernized, and intermediate dietary patterns) with HOMAIR as a surrogate marker of IR, and fasting insulin in Black, sub-Saharan essential hypertensive</span> patient<span "="">s. <b>Methods</b>: The multicentric, cross-sectional analysis involved 77 Congolese Black hypertensive participants with no history of cardiovascular disease. Daily sodium chloride intake (NaCl g/24h) was estimated from 24-hour urine collection. Dietary behaviours were evaluated through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) ≥ 2.5 was used as surrogate marker of IR. <b>Results</b>: A decrease in weekly consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish would significantly explain an increase of 29% (r = 0.292;p = 0.010), 24% (r = 0.242;p = 0.034) and 23% (r = 0.226;p = 0.048) of the value of HOMAIR respectively. In contrast, an increase in daily sodium chloride intake was associated with 28% (r = 0.283, p = 0.027) of the increase in HOMAIR. Also, a decrease in the average weekly consumption of fruit, vegetables and fish would significantly explain an increase of 25% (r = 0.247;p = 0.030), 30% (r = 0.302;p = 0.008) and 31% (r = 0.313;p = 0.006) of fasting insulin. In contrast, an increase in red meat consumption was associated with a 26% increase (r = 0.257, p = 0.024) in fasting insulin. In multivariable adjusted analysis 45% of variation in fasting insulin (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.452;overall p = 0.005) were explained by fruits, vegetables and fish consumption. 38% of variation in HOMAIR (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.379;overall p = 0.047) were explained by fruits and vegetable consumption and daily sodium chloride intake (NaCl g/24h). <b>Conclusions: </b>In hypertensive Black sub-Saharan Africans, Salt intake and westernized diet seem to promote insulin resistance whereas Mediterranean diet, fruits, vegetables and fish consumption enhance insulin sensitivity.</span> </div>展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among body image perceptions, a desire for thinness, and dieting behavior in young females in Japan. The subjects were 302 Japanese female university students ...The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among body image perceptions, a desire for thinness, and dieting behavior in young females in Japan. The subjects were 302 Japanese female university students (age 19.9 ± 1.4 years). An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted between July and August 2011. The questionnaire clarified the subjects’ physical status, perception about personal body shape, desired body shape, the time frame when they first thought about body shape dieting, exercise habits, and eating behaviors. The results revealed that many of the underweight or normal weight subjects perceived themselves as obese, and often the reasons for the perception of obesity were comparisons with others or with themselves in the past. The scores of EAT-26 in those who perceived themselves as obese were higher than the scores in those who did not. Those who perceived themselves as obese had a desire to become slim, were concerned about body shape at an early age, were concerned about dieting, had dieting experience, and were willing to increase daily exercise. These results indicated that incorrect perceptions about body shape have connection to a desire for thinness and dieting behavior.展开更多
Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possib...Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possible acceleration of the biological decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis associated with aging in middle-age rats, and its impact on anxiety and memory function. It was found that a diet of 10 weeks with saturated fatty acids and cholesterol has a detrimental effect on memory function, exerts like-anxiety behavior and diminishes the presence of new generated neurons in the hippocampus in six months old rats.展开更多
目的探讨基于ADOPT问题解决模式的护理干预结合饮食疗法对糖尿病合并前列腺增生术后患者饮食行为及康复情况的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2022年4月收治的86例糖尿病合并前列腺增生术后患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观...目的探讨基于ADOPT问题解决模式的护理干预结合饮食疗法对糖尿病合并前列腺增生术后患者饮食行为及康复情况的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2022年4月收治的86例糖尿病合并前列腺增生术后患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各43例。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于ADOPT问题解决模式的护理干预结合饮食疗法。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,观察组的遵医饮食行为、日常饮食管理行为、饮食依从性态度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、CD68、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于ADOPT问题解决模式的护理干预联合饮食疗法不仅能够改善糖尿病合并前列腺增生术后患者的饮食行为,还能促进机体康复,减少术后并发症发生风险,值得推广。展开更多
Emergence of tablet computers has led to interest in their use to impact health-related behaviors of users. However, little is known regarding which devices are most effective for changing these behaviors, and whether...Emergence of tablet computers has led to interest in their use to impact health-related behaviors of users. However, little is known regarding which devices are most effective for changing these behaviors, and whether or not these devices or accompanying applications (apps) are feasible or desired vehicles for behavior change. Four focus groups were conducted with students from a Western university who were given iPads to download diet-related apps. Participants were asked questions about preferences regarding iPad functionality, app functionality, and the likelihood of using apps and iPads for facilitating diet-related behavior change in the future. Two key themes emerged from focus group discussions on diet-related apps for iPads and their usefulness to facilitate behavior change. The first theme, lack of iPad practicality, contained three subthemes: inconvenient mid-way technology, internet access barriers, and smart-phone preference. The second theme that emerged was attitudes towards apps in general. Three subthemes were identified under the second theme: too intensive;positive functions not specific to iPads;and lack of reliable/trustworthy information. This paper is the first, to this author’s knowledge, to report the use of qualitative methods to study the practicality of using apps and iPads in changing dietrelated behaviors. Early generations of iPads may not be effective devices for facilitating behavior change among college students;and diet-related apps seem to have poor functionality that lead to cessation of use.展开更多
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <strong>Background</strong>: <span "="">Insulin resistance (IR) is the backbone of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The latter are the most common non-communicable diseases globally. Diet is an important determinant of CVDs. The link between diet and cardiovascular health could be explained by an association between diet pattern and IR. <b>Aims</b>: To investigate the association between salt and specific food consumption as well as different diet patterns (Mediterranean, westernized, and intermediate dietary patterns) with HOMAIR as a surrogate marker of IR, and fasting insulin in Black, sub-Saharan essential hypertensive</span> patient<span "="">s. <b>Methods</b>: The multicentric, cross-sectional analysis involved 77 Congolese Black hypertensive participants with no history of cardiovascular disease. Daily sodium chloride intake (NaCl g/24h) was estimated from 24-hour urine collection. Dietary behaviours were evaluated through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) ≥ 2.5 was used as surrogate marker of IR. <b>Results</b>: A decrease in weekly consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish would significantly explain an increase of 29% (r = 0.292;p = 0.010), 24% (r = 0.242;p = 0.034) and 23% (r = 0.226;p = 0.048) of the value of HOMAIR respectively. In contrast, an increase in daily sodium chloride intake was associated with 28% (r = 0.283, p = 0.027) of the increase in HOMAIR. Also, a decrease in the average weekly consumption of fruit, vegetables and fish would significantly explain an increase of 25% (r = 0.247;p = 0.030), 30% (r = 0.302;p = 0.008) and 31% (r = 0.313;p = 0.006) of fasting insulin. In contrast, an increase in red meat consumption was associated with a 26% increase (r = 0.257, p = 0.024) in fasting insulin. In multivariable adjusted analysis 45% of variation in fasting insulin (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.452;overall p = 0.005) were explained by fruits, vegetables and fish consumption. 38% of variation in HOMAIR (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.379;overall p = 0.047) were explained by fruits and vegetable consumption and daily sodium chloride intake (NaCl g/24h). <b>Conclusions: </b>In hypertensive Black sub-Saharan Africans, Salt intake and westernized diet seem to promote insulin resistance whereas Mediterranean diet, fruits, vegetables and fish consumption enhance insulin sensitivity.</span> </div>
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among body image perceptions, a desire for thinness, and dieting behavior in young females in Japan. The subjects were 302 Japanese female university students (age 19.9 ± 1.4 years). An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted between July and August 2011. The questionnaire clarified the subjects’ physical status, perception about personal body shape, desired body shape, the time frame when they first thought about body shape dieting, exercise habits, and eating behaviors. The results revealed that many of the underweight or normal weight subjects perceived themselves as obese, and often the reasons for the perception of obesity were comparisons with others or with themselves in the past. The scores of EAT-26 in those who perceived themselves as obese were higher than the scores in those who did not. Those who perceived themselves as obese had a desire to become slim, were concerned about body shape at an early age, were concerned about dieting, had dieting experience, and were willing to increase daily exercise. These results indicated that incorrect perceptions about body shape have connection to a desire for thinness and dieting behavior.
文摘Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possible acceleration of the biological decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis associated with aging in middle-age rats, and its impact on anxiety and memory function. It was found that a diet of 10 weeks with saturated fatty acids and cholesterol has a detrimental effect on memory function, exerts like-anxiety behavior and diminishes the presence of new generated neurons in the hippocampus in six months old rats.
文摘目的探讨基于ADOPT问题解决模式的护理干预结合饮食疗法对糖尿病合并前列腺增生术后患者饮食行为及康复情况的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2022年4月收治的86例糖尿病合并前列腺增生术后患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各43例。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于ADOPT问题解决模式的护理干预结合饮食疗法。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,观察组的遵医饮食行为、日常饮食管理行为、饮食依从性态度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、CD68、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于ADOPT问题解决模式的护理干预联合饮食疗法不仅能够改善糖尿病合并前列腺增生术后患者的饮食行为,还能促进机体康复,减少术后并发症发生风险,值得推广。
文摘Emergence of tablet computers has led to interest in their use to impact health-related behaviors of users. However, little is known regarding which devices are most effective for changing these behaviors, and whether or not these devices or accompanying applications (apps) are feasible or desired vehicles for behavior change. Four focus groups were conducted with students from a Western university who were given iPads to download diet-related apps. Participants were asked questions about preferences regarding iPad functionality, app functionality, and the likelihood of using apps and iPads for facilitating diet-related behavior change in the future. Two key themes emerged from focus group discussions on diet-related apps for iPads and their usefulness to facilitate behavior change. The first theme, lack of iPad practicality, contained three subthemes: inconvenient mid-way technology, internet access barriers, and smart-phone preference. The second theme that emerged was attitudes towards apps in general. Three subthemes were identified under the second theme: too intensive;positive functions not specific to iPads;and lack of reliable/trustworthy information. This paper is the first, to this author’s knowledge, to report the use of qualitative methods to study the practicality of using apps and iPads in changing dietrelated behaviors. Early generations of iPads may not be effective devices for facilitating behavior change among college students;and diet-related apps seem to have poor functionality that lead to cessation of use.
