Collaborative education focuses on cross-department and cross-level cooperation to create a multi-dimensional student growth environment.This article mainly explores the significance of higher education management in ...Collaborative education focuses on cross-department and cross-level cooperation to create a multi-dimensional student growth environment.This article mainly explores the significance of higher education management in the context of collaborative education,analyzes existing problems in higher education management,and proposes reform strategies for higher education management in the context of collaborative education,including resource integration,transformation of educational concepts,strengthening of process management,and improvement of relevant laws and policies.These are expected to provide practical guidance and suggestions for modern university education management.展开更多
Vocational colleges are an important type of higher education in China.Higher vocational education aims to adapt to social needs and designs students’knowledge,ability,quality structure,and training plans based on th...Vocational colleges are an important type of higher education in China.Higher vocational education aims to adapt to social needs and designs students’knowledge,ability,quality structure,and training plans based on the cultivation of technical application skills.Emphasizing both theoretical teaching and practical training,graduates have the skills to work directly.At this stage,vocational education in China is in an important period of transformation and development.In order to better adapt to the rapid development of society,many vocational colleges have carried out management system reforms in student education management,with the aim of cultivating more high-quality and skilled talents that meet the needs of social development,and providing higher quality vocational education services for the country and society.In the process of physical education reform,due to regional and other factors,many reform models cannot adapt to the current situation of student education management in vocational colleges in the new era.Therefore,it is necessary to continuously explore new models suitable for vocational colleges.Based on the background of the physical education reform in vocational colleges,this article uses methods such as literature research and visits to analyze the current situation of education management in vocational colleges,the problems and possible reasons that exist in student education management in vocational colleges.This article discusses the possible new models of student education management in vocational colleges from the perspectives of repeated management methods,management concepts,management mechanisms,and evaluation systems,and elaborates on their new paths.Efforts are made to improve the management mode of student education in vocational colleges,innovate the management mechanism of vocational colleges,and actively explore the improvement of the management mode of student education in vocational colleges.展开更多
This article analyzes the current domestic middle school art education and education management.Today,with great efforts to improve the quality of education,our domestic art education has been included in the educatio...This article analyzes the current domestic middle school art education and education management.Today,with great efforts to improve the quality of education,our domestic art education has been included in the education sequence of the compulsory education system,but there are still some shortcomings in middle school art education.Combining with the current conditions of my country’s middle school art education,through investigation and analysis,it points out the key issues in the quality of middle school art education,and the universality of middle school art education,and finally implements reasonable improvements.展开更多
At present,higher vocational education is facing various problems and deficiencies.One of the most significant problems is that the learning motivation of higher vocational school students is lacking,and they are unce...At present,higher vocational education is facing various problems and deficiencies.One of the most significant problems is that the learning motivation of higher vocational school students is lacking,and they are uncertain about personal life choices and career planning,which leads to a gap in the relationship between learning and personal development as well as a lack of motivation in their learning behavior.As a result,the quality of higher vocational education is affected.The application of motivation theory in higher vocational education management can solve these issues.This study mainly analyzes and investigates the connotation and function of motivation theory,the significance of applying motivation theory in higher vocational education management,the existing challenges,and the implementation path,in hope to explore a new path for the application of motivation theory in higher vocational education management.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus has spread throughout many nations of the world and is now a serious threat.A lack of patient self‑management has been linked to this drain on global health.The consequences of diabetic patients’poo...Diabetes mellitus has spread throughout many nations of the world and is now a serious threat.A lack of patient self‑management has been linked to this drain on global health.The consequences of diabetic patients’poor self‑management have increased a variety of complications and lengthened hospital stays.Poor information and skill acquisition have been linked to poor self‑management.Participating in a co‑operative approach known as diabetes self‑management education will help diabetes patients who want to successfully self‑manage their condition and any associated conditions.Information is one of the most important components of a diabetes management strategy.In conclusion,numerous studies have shown that patients with diabetes have poor self‑management skills and knowledge in all areas,making training in diabetes self‑management necessary to minimize the complications that may result from diabetes mellitus among the patients.This review discussed the severity of diabetes mellitus,diabetes self‑management,and the benefits and challenges of diabetes self‑management,which may aid individuals in understanding the significance of diabetes self‑management and how it relates to diabetes self‑care.展开更多
In view of the common psychological problems of college students,this paper analyzed the current situation and problems of college students,and found that the management of mental health education is complex and diffi...In view of the common psychological problems of college students,this paper analyzed the current situation and problems of college students,and found that the management of mental health education is complex and difficult.A main reason is the lack of scientific method guidance.According to this phenomenon and the existing problems,using the event tree analysis(ETA),the qualitative and quantitative analysis,it found that emergency treatment is the most important link in mental health education management of college students,test education talk emergency four links missing and failure will lead to hidden danger.Finally,combined with the principle of education and management,and psychological principle,it proposed method for the event tree mental health education management.展开更多
Morality education is not only the foundation of education, but also the foundation of life, colleges and universities should keeppace with the times, innovate the concept of education, and integrate the concept of mo...Morality education is not only the foundation of education, but also the foundation of life, colleges and universities should keeppace with the times, innovate the concept of education, and integrate the concept of morality education into the management andideological and political education of colleges and universities. Based on this, in order to provide data support for this study, aquestionnaire survey was adopted to sample the teachers and students of Sichuan University to understand the current situation ofthe concept of "morality education" in colleges and universities, and the importance of the concept of "morality education" in themanagement of college students and the difficulties it faces were expounded, then pertinent suggestions were put forward for thecurrent problems. Implementing the concept of "morality education" in the management of colleges and universities caneffectively improve the quality of students, and guide students to establish correct political beliefs and promote their all-rounddevelopment.展开更多
With the rapid development of postgraduate education in China,the number of postgraduate students in school shows a trend of continuous growth.The postgraduate education management system in most of the colleges and u...With the rapid development of postgraduate education in China,the number of postgraduate students in school shows a trend of continuous growth.The postgraduate education management system in most of the colleges and universities has been gradually improved,and it is the primary task of contemporary postgraduate education administrators to cultivate high-level innovative talents who are suitable for the country’s social and economic development.This study analyzed the existing problems in the management of postgraduate education in colleges and universities,and the relevant solutions of the problems were also proposed in this paper.展开更多
In the new era,China’s education industry was ushered in a high-quality development stage.On the one hand,it is necessary to set a goal of education management on the all-round development of students.On the other ha...In the new era,China’s education industry was ushered in a high-quality development stage.On the one hand,it is necessary to set a goal of education management on the all-round development of students.On the other hand,we should innovate some practical application schemes of diversified incentive mechanism consistent with the needs of educational management.Taking this as the starting point,this paper summarizes the connotation of incentive mechanism and diversified incentive mechanism,and analyzes the practical problems of single incentive standard,issues on incentive timeliness,and reduced participation of incentive objects at the current stage.On this basis,this paper puts forward some corresponding measures from three angles:opening up thinking,updating in time and emphasizing the target.展开更多
In the new era,through the application of the overall economic theory,various industries and fields in China’s local market are fully linked with the international market.Therefore,at the current stage,educational in...In the new era,through the application of the overall economic theory,various industries and fields in China’s local market are fully linked with the international market.Therefore,at the current stage,educational institutions should not only participate in global competitions in the same industry but should also promote the transformation and upgrading of localization.Taking this as the starting point,this research analyzes the practice of educational management from the perspective of student-based management,summarizes the connotation of student-based management,determines the problems in the process of practice,and puts forward several suggestions for developing the concept of student-based management,enhancing the investigation on students’situation,and improving the quality of managers.展开更多
As education is receiving more and more attention as well as extensive participation in today's society,parents have increas-ingly become an indispensable part of education.It is legally necessary for parents to b...As education is receiving more and more attention as well as extensive participation in today's society,parents have increas-ingly become an indispensable part of education.It is legally necessary for parents to be involved in daily management of senior highschools,which is of positive significance.Specifically,they can help to improve the decision-making of schools,coordinate the relation-ship between the school and parents,and increase their own recognition and understanding of the school,thus contributing to the con-struction of a harmonious educational environment.There are many challenges and problems for parents to be involved in the daily man-agement of senior high schools,including,the excessive participation in school management by parents,the irrational structure of schoolmanagement staff with the participation of parents,contradictions caused by different subjects concerned by the parent committee,andthe superficial and passive characteristics of parents' involvement in school management.On this basis,the following improvement mea-sures are specially put forward:establishing a sound system to guarantee the implementation of measures,ensuring the participation ofall levels of parents,and giving parents the right to speak,setting up and improving the training system targeted at parents,and enhanc-ing the media platform that allows public opinions to be expressed freely.展开更多
This paper aims to reframe sustainability as an ethical aspect of the theory-practice gap in business and management education for sustainable development,which should be viewed as an integral part of knowledge produc...This paper aims to reframe sustainability as an ethical aspect of the theory-practice gap in business and management education for sustainable development,which should be viewed as an integral part of knowledge produced and disseminated in business schools.The paper adopts a narrative approach to review the relevant literature on two streams of research,namely,the theory-practice gap and sustainability in reforming business schools.The synthesis and discussion of the existing literature suggest that while sustainability is frequently viewed with an ethical sentiment,the existing research overlooks its significance in bringing together knowledge and practice in business schools.This paper highlights the potential of sustainability as a theoretical lens in bridging the theory-practice gap in business schools;proposing to rethink the conceptual space that lies in ethics for further theoretical developments.The author urges business and management scholars to engage in burgeoning debates on business school reforms relating to the theory-practice gap and sustainability with an emphasis on ethics.The author contends that the neglected theoretical linkages between the theory-practice gap and sustainability provide fruitful directions for future research.Through a moral lens,business schools can move toward responsible management education for a more sustainable future.展开更多
The previous studies on detection of communities on complex networks were focused on nondirected graphs, such as Neural Networks, social networks, social interrelations, the contagion of diseases, and bibliographies. ...The previous studies on detection of communities on complex networks were focused on nondirected graphs, such as Neural Networks, social networks, social interrelations, the contagion of diseases, and bibliographies. However, there are also other problems whose modeling entails obtaining a weakly connected directed graph such as the student access to the university, the public transport networks, or trophic chains. Those cases deserve particularized study with an analysis and the resolution adjusted to them. Additionally, this is a challenge, since the existing algorithms in most of the cases were originally designed for non-directed graphs or symmetrical and regular graphs. Our proposal is a Benchmark Generator of Weakly Connected Directed Graphs whose properties can be defined by the end-users according to their necessities. The source code of the generators described in this article is available in GitHub under the GNU license.展开更多
Professional learning communities(PLCs)have seen a rapid spread all around the world over the past 30 years.Since then it has been proved that they can improve teaching quality and thereby the achievement of students,...Professional learning communities(PLCs)have seen a rapid spread all around the world over the past 30 years.Since then it has been proved that they can improve teaching quality and thereby the achievement of students,and so PLCs have attracted increasing attention especially from education systems.In China,PLCs have been developed vigorously within schools since the implementation of the‘New Curriculum Reform’in 2000.However,the west has paid scant attention to and were not familiar with them since most research in this field in China was published in Chinese.Furthermore,PLCs are influenced by contextual and cultural factors,and therefore PLCs in Chinese education systems are different from those in Anglo-American settings due to long-standing cultural differences,which require consideration.Therefore,this research will investigate the PLCs in China that may be of interest.Many recent studies have shown that,although PLCs have made significant progress in Chinese urban middle schools through the enthusiastic efforts of educators and scholars,there are still several barriers.The primary purpose of this research is to review the development of PLCs and additionally to analyse the challenges faced by the principals.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the development of healthcare teamwork during and after the collaboration tabletop exercises,through observation and interview methods.Integration and maturity theoretical models were empl...This study aimed to evaluate the development of healthcare teamwork during and after the collaboration tabletop exercises,through observation and interview methods.Integration and maturity theoretical models were employed to explain the collaborative challenges in teams that may suffer from unequally distributed power,hierarchies,and fragmentation.Using three-level collaboration tabletop exercises and the Command and control,Safety,Communication,Assessment,Treatment,Triage,Transport(CSCATTT)instrument,100 healthcare workers were observed during each step in the implementation of the CSCATTT instrument using two simulated scenarios.The results show a lack of integration and team maturity among participants in the first scenario,leading to the delayed start of the activity,task distribution,and decision making.These shortcomings were improved in the second scenario.In-depth interviews with 20 participants in the second phase of the study revealed improved knowledge and practical skills,self-confidence,and ability in team building within trans-professional groups in the second scenario,which in concordance with the integration theory,was due to the attempts made in the first scenario.Additionally,there was an improvement in the team’s maturity,which in concordance with the maturity theory,was due to the knowledge and practical skills during scenario plays.These results indicate the importance of continuous tabletop training,and the use of CSCATTT as a collaborative instrument,to promote the development of collaboration and to test the concept of preparedness.展开更多
Compared to the training of higher education management professionals in the US,the training of their counterparts in China is relatively modest,with few programs offered at the graduate level.Further,few concrete sol...Compared to the training of higher education management professionals in the US,the training of their counterparts in China is relatively modest,with few programs offered at the graduate level.Further,few concrete solutions have been proposed for tackling the challenge of preparing managerial professionals for the sound development of higher educational institutions in China.Based on existing theories and practices associated with professionalization and findings from the literature and data collected from universities both in China and the US,this paper examines the training of higher education professionals from a comparative perspective in the two countries.With the intention of identifying the characteristics of“best practices”for the training and education of institutional executives,in an effort to provide possible suggestions for the future development of higher management training in China,the paper will discuss the topic from two perspectives:short-term in-service training programs and formal PhD and EdD programs.展开更多
文摘Collaborative education focuses on cross-department and cross-level cooperation to create a multi-dimensional student growth environment.This article mainly explores the significance of higher education management in the context of collaborative education,analyzes existing problems in higher education management,and proposes reform strategies for higher education management in the context of collaborative education,including resource integration,transformation of educational concepts,strengthening of process management,and improvement of relevant laws and policies.These are expected to provide practical guidance and suggestions for modern university education management.
文摘Vocational colleges are an important type of higher education in China.Higher vocational education aims to adapt to social needs and designs students’knowledge,ability,quality structure,and training plans based on the cultivation of technical application skills.Emphasizing both theoretical teaching and practical training,graduates have the skills to work directly.At this stage,vocational education in China is in an important period of transformation and development.In order to better adapt to the rapid development of society,many vocational colleges have carried out management system reforms in student education management,with the aim of cultivating more high-quality and skilled talents that meet the needs of social development,and providing higher quality vocational education services for the country and society.In the process of physical education reform,due to regional and other factors,many reform models cannot adapt to the current situation of student education management in vocational colleges in the new era.Therefore,it is necessary to continuously explore new models suitable for vocational colleges.Based on the background of the physical education reform in vocational colleges,this article uses methods such as literature research and visits to analyze the current situation of education management in vocational colleges,the problems and possible reasons that exist in student education management in vocational colleges.This article discusses the possible new models of student education management in vocational colleges from the perspectives of repeated management methods,management concepts,management mechanisms,and evaluation systems,and elaborates on their new paths.Efforts are made to improve the management mode of student education in vocational colleges,innovate the management mechanism of vocational colleges,and actively explore the improvement of the management mode of student education in vocational colleges.
基金This study is supported by Science Planning project for Culture&Art of Jiangxi Province in 2021(grant number:YG2021057).
文摘This article analyzes the current domestic middle school art education and education management.Today,with great efforts to improve the quality of education,our domestic art education has been included in the education sequence of the compulsory education system,but there are still some shortcomings in middle school art education.Combining with the current conditions of my country’s middle school art education,through investigation and analysis,it points out the key issues in the quality of middle school art education,and the universality of middle school art education,and finally implements reasonable improvements.
文摘At present,higher vocational education is facing various problems and deficiencies.One of the most significant problems is that the learning motivation of higher vocational school students is lacking,and they are uncertain about personal life choices and career planning,which leads to a gap in the relationship between learning and personal development as well as a lack of motivation in their learning behavior.As a result,the quality of higher vocational education is affected.The application of motivation theory in higher vocational education management can solve these issues.This study mainly analyzes and investigates the connotation and function of motivation theory,the significance of applying motivation theory in higher vocational education management,the existing challenges,and the implementation path,in hope to explore a new path for the application of motivation theory in higher vocational education management.
文摘Diabetes mellitus has spread throughout many nations of the world and is now a serious threat.A lack of patient self‑management has been linked to this drain on global health.The consequences of diabetic patients’poor self‑management have increased a variety of complications and lengthened hospital stays.Poor information and skill acquisition have been linked to poor self‑management.Participating in a co‑operative approach known as diabetes self‑management education will help diabetes patients who want to successfully self‑manage their condition and any associated conditions.Information is one of the most important components of a diabetes management strategy.In conclusion,numerous studies have shown that patients with diabetes have poor self‑management skills and knowledge in all areas,making training in diabetes self‑management necessary to minimize the complications that may result from diabetes mellitus among the patients.This review discussed the severity of diabetes mellitus,diabetes self‑management,and the benefits and challenges of diabetes self‑management,which may aid individuals in understanding the significance of diabetes self‑management and how it relates to diabetes self‑care.
文摘In view of the common psychological problems of college students,this paper analyzed the current situation and problems of college students,and found that the management of mental health education is complex and difficult.A main reason is the lack of scientific method guidance.According to this phenomenon and the existing problems,using the event tree analysis(ETA),the qualitative and quantitative analysis,it found that emergency treatment is the most important link in mental health education management of college students,test education talk emergency four links missing and failure will lead to hidden danger.Finally,combined with the principle of education and management,and psychological principle,it proposed method for the event tree mental health education management.
文摘Morality education is not only the foundation of education, but also the foundation of life, colleges and universities should keeppace with the times, innovate the concept of education, and integrate the concept of morality education into the management andideological and political education of colleges and universities. Based on this, in order to provide data support for this study, aquestionnaire survey was adopted to sample the teachers and students of Sichuan University to understand the current situation ofthe concept of "morality education" in colleges and universities, and the importance of the concept of "morality education" in themanagement of college students and the difficulties it faces were expounded, then pertinent suggestions were put forward for thecurrent problems. Implementing the concept of "morality education" in the management of colleges and universities caneffectively improve the quality of students, and guide students to establish correct political beliefs and promote their all-rounddevelopment.
文摘With the rapid development of postgraduate education in China,the number of postgraduate students in school shows a trend of continuous growth.The postgraduate education management system in most of the colleges and universities has been gradually improved,and it is the primary task of contemporary postgraduate education administrators to cultivate high-level innovative talents who are suitable for the country’s social and economic development.This study analyzed the existing problems in the management of postgraduate education in colleges and universities,and the relevant solutions of the problems were also proposed in this paper.
文摘In the new era,China’s education industry was ushered in a high-quality development stage.On the one hand,it is necessary to set a goal of education management on the all-round development of students.On the other hand,we should innovate some practical application schemes of diversified incentive mechanism consistent with the needs of educational management.Taking this as the starting point,this paper summarizes the connotation of incentive mechanism and diversified incentive mechanism,and analyzes the practical problems of single incentive standard,issues on incentive timeliness,and reduced participation of incentive objects at the current stage.On this basis,this paper puts forward some corresponding measures from three angles:opening up thinking,updating in time and emphasizing the target.
文摘In the new era,through the application of the overall economic theory,various industries and fields in China’s local market are fully linked with the international market.Therefore,at the current stage,educational institutions should not only participate in global competitions in the same industry but should also promote the transformation and upgrading of localization.Taking this as the starting point,this research analyzes the practice of educational management from the perspective of student-based management,summarizes the connotation of student-based management,determines the problems in the process of practice,and puts forward several suggestions for developing the concept of student-based management,enhancing the investigation on students’situation,and improving the quality of managers.
文摘As education is receiving more and more attention as well as extensive participation in today's society,parents have increas-ingly become an indispensable part of education.It is legally necessary for parents to be involved in daily management of senior highschools,which is of positive significance.Specifically,they can help to improve the decision-making of schools,coordinate the relation-ship between the school and parents,and increase their own recognition and understanding of the school,thus contributing to the con-struction of a harmonious educational environment.There are many challenges and problems for parents to be involved in the daily man-agement of senior high schools,including,the excessive participation in school management by parents,the irrational structure of schoolmanagement staff with the participation of parents,contradictions caused by different subjects concerned by the parent committee,andthe superficial and passive characteristics of parents' involvement in school management.On this basis,the following improvement mea-sures are specially put forward:establishing a sound system to guarantee the implementation of measures,ensuring the participation ofall levels of parents,and giving parents the right to speak,setting up and improving the training system targeted at parents,and enhanc-ing the media platform that allows public opinions to be expressed freely.
文摘This paper aims to reframe sustainability as an ethical aspect of the theory-practice gap in business and management education for sustainable development,which should be viewed as an integral part of knowledge produced and disseminated in business schools.The paper adopts a narrative approach to review the relevant literature on two streams of research,namely,the theory-practice gap and sustainability in reforming business schools.The synthesis and discussion of the existing literature suggest that while sustainability is frequently viewed with an ethical sentiment,the existing research overlooks its significance in bringing together knowledge and practice in business schools.This paper highlights the potential of sustainability as a theoretical lens in bridging the theory-practice gap in business schools;proposing to rethink the conceptual space that lies in ethics for further theoretical developments.The author urges business and management scholars to engage in burgeoning debates on business school reforms relating to the theory-practice gap and sustainability with an emphasis on ethics.The author contends that the neglected theoretical linkages between the theory-practice gap and sustainability provide fruitful directions for future research.Through a moral lens,business schools can move toward responsible management education for a more sustainable future.
基金supported by the Project“Complex Networks”from the Instituto Universitario de Matematica Multidisciplinar(IUMM)of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia(UPV)[under Grant number(266500194)20170251-Complex-Networks-UPV]
文摘The previous studies on detection of communities on complex networks were focused on nondirected graphs, such as Neural Networks, social networks, social interrelations, the contagion of diseases, and bibliographies. However, there are also other problems whose modeling entails obtaining a weakly connected directed graph such as the student access to the university, the public transport networks, or trophic chains. Those cases deserve particularized study with an analysis and the resolution adjusted to them. Additionally, this is a challenge, since the existing algorithms in most of the cases were originally designed for non-directed graphs or symmetrical and regular graphs. Our proposal is a Benchmark Generator of Weakly Connected Directed Graphs whose properties can be defined by the end-users according to their necessities. The source code of the generators described in this article is available in GitHub under the GNU license.
文摘Professional learning communities(PLCs)have seen a rapid spread all around the world over the past 30 years.Since then it has been proved that they can improve teaching quality and thereby the achievement of students,and so PLCs have attracted increasing attention especially from education systems.In China,PLCs have been developed vigorously within schools since the implementation of the‘New Curriculum Reform’in 2000.However,the west has paid scant attention to and were not familiar with them since most research in this field in China was published in Chinese.Furthermore,PLCs are influenced by contextual and cultural factors,and therefore PLCs in Chinese education systems are different from those in Anglo-American settings due to long-standing cultural differences,which require consideration.Therefore,this research will investigate the PLCs in China that may be of interest.Many recent studies have shown that,although PLCs have made significant progress in Chinese urban middle schools through the enthusiastic efforts of educators and scholars,there are still several barriers.The primary purpose of this research is to review the development of PLCs and additionally to analyse the challenges faced by the principals.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the development of healthcare teamwork during and after the collaboration tabletop exercises,through observation and interview methods.Integration and maturity theoretical models were employed to explain the collaborative challenges in teams that may suffer from unequally distributed power,hierarchies,and fragmentation.Using three-level collaboration tabletop exercises and the Command and control,Safety,Communication,Assessment,Treatment,Triage,Transport(CSCATTT)instrument,100 healthcare workers were observed during each step in the implementation of the CSCATTT instrument using two simulated scenarios.The results show a lack of integration and team maturity among participants in the first scenario,leading to the delayed start of the activity,task distribution,and decision making.These shortcomings were improved in the second scenario.In-depth interviews with 20 participants in the second phase of the study revealed improved knowledge and practical skills,self-confidence,and ability in team building within trans-professional groups in the second scenario,which in concordance with the integration theory,was due to the attempts made in the first scenario.Additionally,there was an improvement in the team’s maturity,which in concordance with the maturity theory,was due to the knowledge and practical skills during scenario plays.These results indicate the importance of continuous tabletop training,and the use of CSCATTT as a collaborative instrument,to promote the development of collaboration and to test the concept of preparedness.
文摘Compared to the training of higher education management professionals in the US,the training of their counterparts in China is relatively modest,with few programs offered at the graduate level.Further,few concrete solutions have been proposed for tackling the challenge of preparing managerial professionals for the sound development of higher educational institutions in China.Based on existing theories and practices associated with professionalization and findings from the literature and data collected from universities both in China and the US,this paper examines the training of higher education professionals from a comparative perspective in the two countries.With the intention of identifying the characteristics of“best practices”for the training and education of institutional executives,in an effort to provide possible suggestions for the future development of higher management training in China,the paper will discuss the topic from two perspectives:short-term in-service training programs and formal PhD and EdD programs.
