We prove that energy conservation holds for weak solutions to classical VlasovPoisson systems with proper regularity.In particular,there exists a solution that conserves energy with|v|^(m)f0∈L^(1)_(x,v)for m>9/4.
In this paper,we consider the three-dimensional Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation in the whole space,which can describe the micromagnetic dynamic behavior of material at all temperatures,especially near the Curie tempera...In this paper,we consider the three-dimensional Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation in the whole space,which can describe the micromagnetic dynamic behavior of material at all temperatures,especially near the Curie temperature.We establish a sufficient condition of energy conservation for when weak solutions of the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation with the temperature higher than the Curie temperature and its gradient belong to the Besov space L_(loc)^(3);B_(p,c0)^(α)(R^(3)))for some α∈(1/2,1)and p=9/(3α+1).Moreover,we also use the dimensional homogeneity to explain that the restrictions on the indicators are reasonable.展开更多
With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(I...With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(IoT).In this article,we describe the design and implementation of an IoT-based energy conser-vation smart classroom system that contributes to energy conservation in the edu-cation domain.The proposed system not only allows the user to access and control IoT devices(e.g.,lights,projectors,and air conditions)in real-time,it also has the capability to aggregate the estimated energy consumption of an IoT device,the smart classroom,and the building based on the energy consumption and cost model that we propose.Moreover,the proposed model aggregates the estimated energy cost according to the Saudi Electricity Company(SEC)rates.Furthermore,the model aggregates in real-time the estimated energy conservation percentage and estimated money-saving percentage compared to data collected when the system wasn't used.The feasibility and benefits of our system have been validated on a real-world scenario which is a classroom in the college of computer science and engineering,Taibah University,Yanbu branch.The results of the experimental studies are promising in energy conservation and cost-saving when using our proposed system.展开更多
The amount of needed control messages in wireless sensor networks(WSN)is affected by the storage strategy of detected events.Because broadcasting superfluous control messages consumes excess energy,the network lifespa...The amount of needed control messages in wireless sensor networks(WSN)is affected by the storage strategy of detected events.Because broadcasting superfluous control messages consumes excess energy,the network lifespan can be extended if the quantity of control messages is decreased.In this study,an optimized storage technique having low control overhead for tracking the objects in WSN is introduced.The basic concept is to retain observed events in internal memory and preserve the relationship between sensed information and sensor nodes using a novel inexpensive data structure entitled Ordered Binary Linked List(OBLL).Whenever an object passes over the sensor area,the recognizing sensor can immediately produce an OBLL along the object’s route.To retrieve the entire information,the OBLL can be traversed with logarithmic complexity which is much less than the traversing complexity of existing linked list structures.Performance evaluation and simulations were carried out to ensure that the suggested technique minimizes the number of messages and thus saving energy and extending the network life.展开更多
With the rapid development of the economy,the scale of construction projects in China is gradually expanding.In terms of construction technology,continuous innovation is being made to meet the needs of sustainable dev...With the rapid development of the economy,the scale of construction projects in China is gradually expanding.In terms of construction technology,continuous innovation is being made to meet the needs of sustainable development strategies,and green energy conservation technologies have emerged.It has a brand new design concept,and advocates for maximum energy conservation and environmental protection,fundamentally promoting the rational use of resources and space,and preventing the expansion of air and land pollution.First of all,a brief explanation is given on the current development status of green energy conservation technology in this paper.Secondly,through the introduction and analysis of energy conservation technologies and related building cases,the in-depth research on energy conservation measures of buildings is conducted.Finally,the prospects of green energy conservation technologies are proposed based on the current development status in China.This paper has certain reference value for its related engineering and theoretical research.展开更多
This study assesses the implementation of energy conservation opportunities in four-star and five-star hotels in Nairobi. The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Hospitality Industry. Currently, there is...This study assesses the implementation of energy conservation opportunities in four-star and five-star hotels in Nairobi. The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Hospitality Industry. Currently, there is a growing inclination to furnish guests with superior and sustainable services in an energy-efficient and eco-friendly way. Comprehensive research was conducted from energy audits gathered from the establishments and contracted auditing companies, on top of this, hotel staff were given digital questionnaires. To add to the data, the researcher surveyed the hotels with engineering managers. The Energy Audits found that all 10 hotels had adopted Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs). After further analysis, the mean adoption rate of Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) during the past three years was 55.83%, which was below the aim of 100%. According to studies, hotel staff manages energy to cut costs. The researcher found that hotels use up a lot of energy. However, they have conservation potential, depending on government policies, costs, ease of implementation, and management commitment to sustainable practices. Essentially, Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) reduce energy expenditures and boost reliable revenues, especially during high energy prices and uncertainty.展开更多
Chaotic phenomena are increasingly being observed in all fields of nature,where investigations reveal that a natural phe nomenon exhibits nonlinearities and attempts to reveal their deep underlying mechanisms.Chaos is...Chaotic phenomena are increasingly being observed in all fields of nature,where investigations reveal that a natural phe nomenon exhibits nonlinearities and attempts to reveal their deep underlying mechanisms.Chaos is normally understood as“a state of disorder”,for which there is as yet no universally accepted mathematical definition.A commonly used concept states that,for a dynamical system to be classified as chaotic,it must have the following properties:be sensitive to initial conditions,show topological transitivity,have densely periodical orbits etc.Revealing the rules that govern chaotic motion is thus an important unsolved task for exploring nature.W e present herein a generalised energy conservation law governing chaotic phenomena.Based on two scalar variables,viz.generalised potential and kinetic energies defined in the phase space describing nonlinear dynamical systems,we find that chaotic motion is periodic motion with infinite time period whose time-averaged generalised potential and kinetic energies are conserved over its time period.This implies that,as the averaging time is increased,the time-averaged generalised potential and kinetic energies tend to constants while the time-averaged energy flows,i.e.,their rates of change with time,tend to zero.Numerical simulations on reported chaotic motions,such as the forced van der Pol system,forced Duffing system,forced smooth and discontinuous oscillator,Lorenz’s system,and Rossler's system,show the above conclusions to be correct according to the results presented herein.This discovery may indicate that chaotic phenomena in nature could be controlled because,even though their instantaneous states are disordered,their long-time averages can be predicted.展开更多
The industrial sector has accounted for approximately 70%of China's total energy consumption over the past 30 years.Achieving green development is thus an important strategic goal of the Chinese industrial sector....The industrial sector has accounted for approximately 70%of China's total energy consumption over the past 30 years.Achieving green development is thus an important strategic goal of the Chinese industrial sector.The Chinese government has adopted various energy policies to facilitate industrial green development.Due to their different goals,these policies may have different impacts on the promotion of green development in the industrial sector.Using panel data on 31 provinces from 2007 to 2014,we examine the effects of three types of energy policies—renewable energy,energy conservation,and industrial upgrading—on industrial green development in China,measured using reduced energy intensity.Our empirical findings suggest that all three types facilitate industrial green development.However,effectiveness varies by policy type and region.Renewable energy and energy conservation policies have stronger impacts than policies aiming at upgrading traditional fossil fuel industries.Moreover,it takes longer for the effectiveness of industrial upgrading policies to be manifested,compared with the other two types.We discuss the implications of these empirical findings for future policymaking in promoting industrial green development.展开更多
Heat and mass transfer during the process of liquid droplet dynamic behaviors has attracted much attention in decades.At mesoscopic scale,numerical simulations of liquid droplets motion,such as impacting,sliding,and c...Heat and mass transfer during the process of liquid droplet dynamic behaviors has attracted much attention in decades.At mesoscopic scale,numerical simulations of liquid droplets motion,such as impacting,sliding,and coalescence,have been widely studied by using the particle-based method named many-body dissipative particle dynamics(MDPD).However,the detailed information on heat transfer needs further description.This paper develops a modified MDPD with energy conservation(MDPDE)by introducing a temperature-dependent long-term attractive interaction.By fitting or deriving the expressions of the strength of the attractive force,the exponent of the weight function in the dissipative force,and the mesoscopic heat friction coefficient about temperature,we calculate the viscosity,self-diffusivity,thermal conductivity,and surface tension,and obtain the Schmidt number Sc,the Prandtl number P r,and the Ohnesorge number Oh for 273 K to 373 K.The simulation data of MDPDE coincide well with the experimental data of water,indicating that our model can be used to simulate the dynamic behaviors of liquid water.Furthermore,we compare the equilibrium contact angle of droplets wetting on solid surfaces with that calculated from three interfacial tensions by MDPDE simulations.The coincident results not only stand for the validation of Young’s equation at mesoscale,but manifest the reliability of our MDPDE model and applicability to the cases with free surfaces.Our model can be extended to study the multiphase flow withcomplex heat and mass transfer.展开更多
The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of envi...The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of environmental management in China. The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the important strategies of environmental management in China. Based on the systematic collection of 1,195 energy conservation emission reduction policies, we discuss the influence of individual measure and measure synergy of energy conservation and emission reduction policies respectively. The results show that the energy conservation and emission reduction policies have a significant effect on the overall promotion of industrial upgrading. The financial measures and guidance measures have a positive impact;the financial measures and guidance measures have significantly positive effect; however, the administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures do the opposite; the positive effect of the synergy of guidance measures and financial measures is greater than the negative effect of considering only the synergy of fiscal tax measures and other economic measures, and significantly greater than the negative effect of the synergy of administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures. We should strengthen and emphasize the use of the measure that has positive effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading individually and synergistically.展开更多
Some sufficient conditions of the energy conservation for weak solutions of incompressible viscoelastic flows are given in this paper.First,for a periodic domain in R^(3),and the coefficient of viscosity μ=0,energy c...Some sufficient conditions of the energy conservation for weak solutions of incompressible viscoelastic flows are given in this paper.First,for a periodic domain in R^(3),and the coefficient of viscosity μ=0,energy conservation is proved for u and F in certain Besovs paces.Furthermore,in the whole space R^(3),it is shown that the conditions on the velocity u and the deformation tensor F can be relaxed,that is,u∈B_(3,c(N))^(1/3),and F∈B_(3,∞)^(1/3).Finally,when μ>0,in a periodic domain in R^(d) again,a result independent of the spacial dimension is established.More precisely,it is shown that the energy is conserved for u∈L^(T)(0,T;L^(n)(Ω))for any 1/r+1/s≤1/2,with s≥4,and F∈L^(m)(0,T;L^(n)(Ω))for any 1/m+1/n≤1/2,with n≥4.展开更多
In 2009,the pig iron output of China increased dramatically up to 543.75 Mt and was 15.87%higher than that in 2008,accounting for 60.53%of the world production.The processing of pig iron must consume huge amount of ir...In 2009,the pig iron output of China increased dramatically up to 543.75 Mt and was 15.87%higher than that in 2008,accounting for 60.53%of the world production.The processing of pig iron must consume huge amount of iron ores and coal and consequently leads to the shortage of ores and cokemaking coals supply,with prices soaring but quality worsening remarkably.How to maintain or even improve the efficiency of blast furnace production under negative conditions of constantly worsening resources of iron ore and coal has become an important scenario the Chinese ironmaking industry must face.In this paper,the production with high coal injection rate,low fuel rate and big productivity in the Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation（Group） was introduced and revealed.The quantitative correlation between blast furnace production efficiency and diverse technical measures through combined mass-heat balances and gas-liquid counter-current flow dynamics analysis.Moreover,potential problems and countermeasures in ironmaking by feeding high Al2O3 and low grade iron ores were also discussed.展开更多
The smart vehicles are one of critical enablers for automated services in smart cities to provide intelligent transportation means without human intervention.In order to fulfil requirements,Vehicle-to-Anything(V2X)com...The smart vehicles are one of critical enablers for automated services in smart cities to provide intelligent transportation means without human intervention.In order to fulfil requirements,Vehicle-to-Anything(V2X)communications aims to manage massive connectivity and high traffic load on base stations and extend the range over multiple hops in 5G networks.However,V2X networking faces several challenges from dynamic topology caused by high velocity of nodes and routing overhead that degrades the network performance and increases energy consumption.The existing routing scheme for V2X networking lacks energy efficiency and scalability for high velocity nodes with dense distribution.In order to handle the challenges,this article proposes a scalable and energy-efficient routing scheme called Dynamic proactive reactive routing for 5G(DPR5)for high mobility speed and dense environment.As compared to existing schemes it uses a single routing table and efficiently minimizes the energy consumption in dense environment,improves node‘s lifetime upto 42%,and optimizes network performance by reducing the packet loss ratio upto 46%in a high velocity dense environment.展开更多
The development of society and economy in China is bringing growth to all industries. In particular, the development of China’s building industry has attracted much attention. Building materials are an important part...The development of society and economy in China is bringing growth to all industries. In particular, the development of China’s building industry has attracted much attention. Building materials are an important part of and widely used in the building industry. Energy conservation by building materials has become an inevitable way of sustainable development. Centering on the building industry, this paper mainly discusses in detail the energy conservation ways by ecological architecture and building materials.展开更多
May 20 is World Metrology Day and the theme of this year is 'Metrology and Energy Conservation.' Energy is not only a vital issue for China, but also for the world. In order to implement Proposal of the CP... May 20 is World Metrology Day and the theme of this year is 'Metrology and Energy Conservation.' Energy is not only a vital issue for China, but also for the world. In order to implement Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on the 11th Five-Year Program for National Economic and Social Development, the government bulletin of 5th Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee announced that 'there shall be marked improvement on resource utilization; the energy consumption for unit GDP shall cut 20%, water consumption of unit industrial added value drop 30%... and the recycle ratio of industrial solid wastes shall raise by 60%.' These are key targets of economic development during the 11th five-year program. To make full use of metrology for energy conservation and energy utilization, the competent metrology department of Chinese Goyernment advanced metrology program in light of China's energy status.……展开更多
Jointly published by 14 Department headed by Standardization Administraion ofChina(SAC)
Subtitle: China will formulate and reformulate 926 standards for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization durin... Jointly published by 14 Department headed by Standardization Administraion ofChina(SAC)
Subtitle: China will formulate and reformulate 926 standards for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization during 2005 and 2007.……展开更多
At present,the increasing consumption of electrical energy is accompanied by the increasing pressure on natural environment,excessive discharge of waste gas,and accelerated rate of global warming.Photovoltaic new ener...At present,the increasing consumption of electrical energy is accompanied by the increasing pressure on natural environment,excessive discharge of waste gas,and accelerated rate of global warming.Photovoltaic new energy plays an important role in reducing costs and improving resource utilization.The leading power industries should come up with new designs of equipment that is in line with the green concept,improve the utilization of photovoltaic energy,and realize sustainable economic development.In view of this,this paper mainly analyzes the application of photovoltaic new energy in electrical energy conservation.展开更多
A new energy intensity(EI)index for steel production-energy intensity at specific scrap ratio(EISR)index-is developed in this study to provide a method for analyzing the EI difference of steel production through a cas...A new energy intensity(EI)index for steel production-energy intensity at specific scrap ratio(EISR)index-is developed in this study to provide a method for analyzing the EI difference of steel production through a case-study analysis for China and Japan.The real cause of EI change of China’s key steel enterprises from 2006–2014 is also studied by using the EISR index.Result shows significant technology progress decreases the EI of China’s key steel enterprises by 16%from 2006 to 2014,but the final drop of comparable EI was only 12.3%due to the continued decreased scrap ratio(SR).From 2006 to 2014,the main cause of EI gap between China’s key steel enterprises and Japan’s steel industry changed from gap in technological level to difference in SR.In factor analysis that assumed Japanese share of electric arc furnace production(23.2%)and SR(33.3%)in 2014 in China,the EI of China’s key steel enterprises decreased to 612 kgce/t(kilogram standard coal/t)(primary energy consumption),which is almost same as Japan’s data.The key task of energy conservation in China’s key steel enterprises in the future should be changed from upgrading the technology level to increase the SR of steel production.展开更多
Coal-fired power is the main power source and the biggest contributor to energy conservation in the past several decades in China.It is generally believed that advanced technology should be counted on for energy conse...Coal-fired power is the main power source and the biggest contributor to energy conservation in the past several decades in China.It is generally believed that advanced technology should be counted on for energy conservation.However,a review of the decline in the national average net coal consumption rate(NCCR)of China's coal-fired power industry along with its development over the past few decades indicates that the upgradation of the national unit capacity structure(including installing advanced production and phasing out backward production)plays a more important role.A quantitative study on the effect of the unit capacity structure upgradation on the decline in the national average NCCR suggests that phasing out backward production is the leading factor for the decline in the NCCR in the past decade,followed by the new installation,whose sum contributes to approximately 80%of the decline in the national average NCCR.The new installation has an effective affecting period of about 8 years,during which it would gradually decline from a relatively high value.Since the effect of phasing out backward production may remain at a certain degree given a continual action of phasing out backward capacity,it is suggested that the organized action of phasing out backward production should be insisted on.展开更多
For an integrator when applied to a highly oscillatory system,the near conservation of the oscillatory energy over long times is an important aspect.In this paper,we study the long-time near conservation of oscillator...For an integrator when applied to a highly oscillatory system,the near conservation of the oscillatory energy over long times is an important aspect.In this paper,we study the long-time near conservation of oscillatory energy for the adapted average vector field(AAVF)method when applied to highly oscillatory Hamiltonian systems.This AAVF method is an extension of the average vector field method and preserves the total energy of highly oscillatory Hamiltonian systems exactly.This paper is devoted to analysing another important property of AAVF method,i.e.,the near conservation of its oscillatory energy in a long term.The long-time oscillatory energy conservation is obtained via constructing a modulated Fourier expansion of the AAVF method and deriving an almost invariant of the expansion.A similar result of the method in the multi-frequency case is also presented in this paper.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871024)。
文摘We prove that energy conservation holds for weak solutions to classical VlasovPoisson systems with proper regularity.In particular,there exists a solution that conserves energy with|v|^(m)f0∈L^(1)_(x,v)for m>9/4.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11901070)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJQN202100523)+4 种基金the Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission(CXQT21014)the Open Project of Key Laboratory,School of Mathematical Sciences,Chongqing Normal University (CSSXKFKTZ202005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11901066)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2019jcyj-msxm X0167)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022CDJXY-001, 2020CDJQY-A040)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the three-dimensional Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation in the whole space,which can describe the micromagnetic dynamic behavior of material at all temperatures,especially near the Curie temperature.We establish a sufficient condition of energy conservation for when weak solutions of the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation with the temperature higher than the Curie temperature and its gradient belong to the Besov space L_(loc)^(3);B_(p,c0)^(α)(R^(3)))for some α∈(1/2,1)and p=9/(3α+1).Moreover,we also use the dimensional homogeneity to explain that the restrictions on the indicators are reasonable.
文摘With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(IoT).In this article,we describe the design and implementation of an IoT-based energy conser-vation smart classroom system that contributes to energy conservation in the edu-cation domain.The proposed system not only allows the user to access and control IoT devices(e.g.,lights,projectors,and air conditions)in real-time,it also has the capability to aggregate the estimated energy consumption of an IoT device,the smart classroom,and the building based on the energy consumption and cost model that we propose.Moreover,the proposed model aggregates the estimated energy cost according to the Saudi Electricity Company(SEC)rates.Furthermore,the model aggregates in real-time the estimated energy conservation percentage and estimated money-saving percentage compared to data collected when the system wasn't used.The feasibility and benefits of our system have been validated on a real-world scenario which is a classroom in the college of computer science and engineering,Taibah University,Yanbu branch.The results of the experimental studies are promising in energy conservation and cost-saving when using our proposed system.
文摘The amount of needed control messages in wireless sensor networks(WSN)is affected by the storage strategy of detected events.Because broadcasting superfluous control messages consumes excess energy,the network lifespan can be extended if the quantity of control messages is decreased.In this study,an optimized storage technique having low control overhead for tracking the objects in WSN is introduced.The basic concept is to retain observed events in internal memory and preserve the relationship between sensed information and sensor nodes using a novel inexpensive data structure entitled Ordered Binary Linked List(OBLL).Whenever an object passes over the sensor area,the recognizing sensor can immediately produce an OBLL along the object’s route.To retrieve the entire information,the OBLL can be traversed with logarithmic complexity which is much less than the traversing complexity of existing linked list structures.Performance evaluation and simulations were carried out to ensure that the suggested technique minimizes the number of messages and thus saving energy and extending the network life.
文摘With the rapid development of the economy,the scale of construction projects in China is gradually expanding.In terms of construction technology,continuous innovation is being made to meet the needs of sustainable development strategies,and green energy conservation technologies have emerged.It has a brand new design concept,and advocates for maximum energy conservation and environmental protection,fundamentally promoting the rational use of resources and space,and preventing the expansion of air and land pollution.First of all,a brief explanation is given on the current development status of green energy conservation technology in this paper.Secondly,through the introduction and analysis of energy conservation technologies and related building cases,the in-depth research on energy conservation measures of buildings is conducted.Finally,the prospects of green energy conservation technologies are proposed based on the current development status in China.This paper has certain reference value for its related engineering and theoretical research.
文摘This study assesses the implementation of energy conservation opportunities in four-star and five-star hotels in Nairobi. The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Hospitality Industry. Currently, there is a growing inclination to furnish guests with superior and sustainable services in an energy-efficient and eco-friendly way. Comprehensive research was conducted from energy audits gathered from the establishments and contracted auditing companies, on top of this, hotel staff were given digital questionnaires. To add to the data, the researcher surveyed the hotels with engineering managers. The Energy Audits found that all 10 hotels had adopted Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs). After further analysis, the mean adoption rate of Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) during the past three years was 55.83%, which was below the aim of 100%. According to studies, hotel staff manages energy to cut costs. The researcher found that hotels use up a lot of energy. However, they have conservation potential, depending on government policies, costs, ease of implementation, and management commitment to sustainable practices. Essentially, Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) reduce energy expenditures and boost reliable revenues, especially during high energy prices and uncertainty.
文摘Chaotic phenomena are increasingly being observed in all fields of nature,where investigations reveal that a natural phe nomenon exhibits nonlinearities and attempts to reveal their deep underlying mechanisms.Chaos is normally understood as“a state of disorder”,for which there is as yet no universally accepted mathematical definition.A commonly used concept states that,for a dynamical system to be classified as chaotic,it must have the following properties:be sensitive to initial conditions,show topological transitivity,have densely periodical orbits etc.Revealing the rules that govern chaotic motion is thus an important unsolved task for exploring nature.W e present herein a generalised energy conservation law governing chaotic phenomena.Based on two scalar variables,viz.generalised potential and kinetic energies defined in the phase space describing nonlinear dynamical systems,we find that chaotic motion is periodic motion with infinite time period whose time-averaged generalised potential and kinetic energies are conserved over its time period.This implies that,as the averaging time is increased,the time-averaged generalised potential and kinetic energies tend to constants while the time-averaged energy flows,i.e.,their rates of change with time,tend to zero.Numerical simulations on reported chaotic motions,such as the forced van der Pol system,forced Duffing system,forced smooth and discontinuous oscillator,Lorenz’s system,and Rossler's system,show the above conclusions to be correct according to the results presented herein.This discovery may indicate that chaotic phenomena in nature could be controlled because,even though their instantaneous states are disordered,their long-time averages can be predicted.
基金This research was funded by the fund project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number.71974203]Zhongnan University of Economics and Law Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Youth Innovation Research Project Innovation and Talent Base for Income Distribution and Public Finance(Grant number:B20084).
文摘The industrial sector has accounted for approximately 70%of China's total energy consumption over the past 30 years.Achieving green development is thus an important strategic goal of the Chinese industrial sector.The Chinese government has adopted various energy policies to facilitate industrial green development.Due to their different goals,these policies may have different impacts on the promotion of green development in the industrial sector.Using panel data on 31 provinces from 2007 to 2014,we examine the effects of three types of energy policies—renewable energy,energy conservation,and industrial upgrading—on industrial green development in China,measured using reduced energy intensity.Our empirical findings suggest that all three types facilitate industrial green development.However,effectiveness varies by policy type and region.Renewable energy and energy conservation policies have stronger impacts than policies aiming at upgrading traditional fossil fuel industries.Moreover,it takes longer for the effectiveness of industrial upgrading policies to be manifested,compared with the other two types.We discuss the implications of these empirical findings for future policymaking in promoting industrial green development.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11872283,12002242,11902188,and 12102218)the Shanghai Science and Technology Talent Program(No.19YF1417400)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680525)。
文摘Heat and mass transfer during the process of liquid droplet dynamic behaviors has attracted much attention in decades.At mesoscopic scale,numerical simulations of liquid droplets motion,such as impacting,sliding,and coalescence,have been widely studied by using the particle-based method named many-body dissipative particle dynamics(MDPD).However,the detailed information on heat transfer needs further description.This paper develops a modified MDPD with energy conservation(MDPDE)by introducing a temperature-dependent long-term attractive interaction.By fitting or deriving the expressions of the strength of the attractive force,the exponent of the weight function in the dissipative force,and the mesoscopic heat friction coefficient about temperature,we calculate the viscosity,self-diffusivity,thermal conductivity,and surface tension,and obtain the Schmidt number Sc,the Prandtl number P r,and the Ohnesorge number Oh for 273 K to 373 K.The simulation data of MDPDE coincide well with the experimental data of water,indicating that our model can be used to simulate the dynamic behaviors of liquid water.Furthermore,we compare the equilibrium contact angle of droplets wetting on solid surfaces with that calculated from three interfacial tensions by MDPDE simulations.The coincident results not only stand for the validation of Young’s equation at mesoscale,but manifest the reliability of our MDPDE model and applicability to the cases with free surfaces.Our model can be extended to study the multiphase flow withcomplex heat and mass transfer.
文摘The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of environmental management in China. The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the important strategies of environmental management in China. Based on the systematic collection of 1,195 energy conservation emission reduction policies, we discuss the influence of individual measure and measure synergy of energy conservation and emission reduction policies respectively. The results show that the energy conservation and emission reduction policies have a significant effect on the overall promotion of industrial upgrading. The financial measures and guidance measures have a positive impact;the financial measures and guidance measures have significantly positive effect; however, the administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures do the opposite; the positive effect of the synergy of guidance measures and financial measures is greater than the negative effect of considering only the synergy of fiscal tax measures and other economic measures, and significantly greater than the negative effect of the synergy of administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures. We should strengthen and emphasize the use of the measure that has positive effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading individually and synergistically.
基金R.Zi is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871236 and 11971193)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2018CFB665)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU19QN084).
文摘Some sufficient conditions of the energy conservation for weak solutions of incompressible viscoelastic flows are given in this paper.First,for a periodic domain in R^(3),and the coefficient of viscosity μ=0,energy conservation is proved for u and F in certain Besovs paces.Furthermore,in the whole space R^(3),it is shown that the conditions on the velocity u and the deformation tensor F can be relaxed,that is,u∈B_(3,c(N))^(1/3),and F∈B_(3,∞)^(1/3).Finally,when μ>0,in a periodic domain in R^(d) again,a result independent of the spacial dimension is established.More precisely,it is shown that the energy is conserved for u∈L^(T)(0,T;L^(n)(Ω))for any 1/r+1/s≤1/2,with s≥4,and F∈L^(m)(0,T;L^(n)(Ω))for any 1/m+1/n≤1/2,with n≥4.
文摘In 2009,the pig iron output of China increased dramatically up to 543.75 Mt and was 15.87%higher than that in 2008,accounting for 60.53%of the world production.The processing of pig iron must consume huge amount of iron ores and coal and consequently leads to the shortage of ores and cokemaking coals supply,with prices soaring but quality worsening remarkably.How to maintain or even improve the efficiency of blast furnace production under negative conditions of constantly worsening resources of iron ore and coal has become an important scenario the Chinese ironmaking industry must face.In this paper,the production with high coal injection rate,low fuel rate and big productivity in the Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation（Group） was introduced and revealed.The quantitative correlation between blast furnace production efficiency and diverse technical measures through combined mass-heat balances and gas-liquid counter-current flow dynamics analysis.Moreover,potential problems and countermeasures in ironmaking by feeding high Al2O3 and low grade iron ores were also discussed.
文摘The smart vehicles are one of critical enablers for automated services in smart cities to provide intelligent transportation means without human intervention.In order to fulfil requirements,Vehicle-to-Anything(V2X)communications aims to manage massive connectivity and high traffic load on base stations and extend the range over multiple hops in 5G networks.However,V2X networking faces several challenges from dynamic topology caused by high velocity of nodes and routing overhead that degrades the network performance and increases energy consumption.The existing routing scheme for V2X networking lacks energy efficiency and scalability for high velocity nodes with dense distribution.In order to handle the challenges,this article proposes a scalable and energy-efficient routing scheme called Dynamic proactive reactive routing for 5G(DPR5)for high mobility speed and dense environment.As compared to existing schemes it uses a single routing table and efficiently minimizes the energy consumption in dense environment,improves node‘s lifetime upto 42%,and optimizes network performance by reducing the packet loss ratio upto 46%in a high velocity dense environment.
文摘The development of society and economy in China is bringing growth to all industries. In particular, the development of China’s building industry has attracted much attention. Building materials are an important part of and widely used in the building industry. Energy conservation by building materials has become an inevitable way of sustainable development. Centering on the building industry, this paper mainly discusses in detail the energy conservation ways by ecological architecture and building materials.
文摘 May 20 is World Metrology Day and the theme of this year is 'Metrology and Energy Conservation.' Energy is not only a vital issue for China, but also for the world. In order to implement Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on the 11th Five-Year Program for National Economic and Social Development, the government bulletin of 5th Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee announced that 'there shall be marked improvement on resource utilization; the energy consumption for unit GDP shall cut 20%, water consumption of unit industrial added value drop 30%... and the recycle ratio of industrial solid wastes shall raise by 60%.' These are key targets of economic development during the 11th five-year program. To make full use of metrology for energy conservation and energy utilization, the competent metrology department of Chinese Goyernment advanced metrology program in light of China's energy status.……
文摘 Jointly published by 14 Department headed by Standardization Administraion ofChina(SAC)
Subtitle: China will formulate and reformulate 926 standards for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization during 2005 and 2007.……
文摘At present,the increasing consumption of electrical energy is accompanied by the increasing pressure on natural environment,excessive discharge of waste gas,and accelerated rate of global warming.Photovoltaic new energy plays an important role in reducing costs and improving resource utilization.The leading power industries should come up with new designs of equipment that is in line with the green concept,improve the utilization of photovoltaic energy,and realize sustainable economic development.In view of this,this paper mainly analyzes the application of photovoltaic new energy in electrical energy conservation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0601101)
文摘A new energy intensity(EI)index for steel production-energy intensity at specific scrap ratio(EISR)index-is developed in this study to provide a method for analyzing the EI difference of steel production through a case-study analysis for China and Japan.The real cause of EI change of China’s key steel enterprises from 2006–2014 is also studied by using the EISR index.Result shows significant technology progress decreases the EI of China’s key steel enterprises by 16%from 2006 to 2014,but the final drop of comparable EI was only 12.3%due to the continued decreased scrap ratio(SR).From 2006 to 2014,the main cause of EI gap between China’s key steel enterprises and Japan’s steel industry changed from gap in technological level to difference in SR.In factor analysis that assumed Japanese share of electric arc furnace production(23.2%)and SR(33.3%)in 2014 in China,the EI of China’s key steel enterprises decreased to 612 kgce/t(kilogram standard coal/t)(primary energy consumption),which is almost same as Japan’s data.The key task of energy conservation in China’s key steel enterprises in the future should be changed from upgrading the technology level to increase the SR of steel production.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2017M620758)Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.L1522032)the Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(No.2015-ZCQ-06).
文摘Coal-fired power is the main power source and the biggest contributor to energy conservation in the past several decades in China.It is generally believed that advanced technology should be counted on for energy conservation.However,a review of the decline in the national average net coal consumption rate(NCCR)of China's coal-fired power industry along with its development over the past few decades indicates that the upgradation of the national unit capacity structure(including installing advanced production and phasing out backward production)plays a more important role.A quantitative study on the effect of the unit capacity structure upgradation on the decline in the national average NCCR suggests that phasing out backward production is the leading factor for the decline in the NCCR in the past decade,followed by the new installation,whose sum contributes to approximately 80%of the decline in the national average NCCR.The new installation has an effective affecting period of about 8 years,during which it would gradually decline from a relatively high value.Since the effect of phasing out backward production may remain at a certain degree given a continual action of phasing out backward capacity,it is suggested that the organized action of phasing out backward production should be insisted on.
基金supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation。
文摘For an integrator when applied to a highly oscillatory system,the near conservation of the oscillatory energy over long times is an important aspect.In this paper,we study the long-time near conservation of oscillatory energy for the adapted average vector field(AAVF)method when applied to highly oscillatory Hamiltonian systems.This AAVF method is an extension of the average vector field method and preserves the total energy of highly oscillatory Hamiltonian systems exactly.This paper is devoted to analysing another important property of AAVF method,i.e.,the near conservation of its oscillatory energy in a long term.The long-time oscillatory energy conservation is obtained via constructing a modulated Fourier expansion of the AAVF method and deriving an almost invariant of the expansion.A similar result of the method in the multi-frequency case is also presented in this paper.
