Structural design simultaneously governed by earthquakes and environmental vibrations has received a lot of attention in recent years.Base-isolated composite structures are typically used in the above-mentioned struct...Structural design simultaneously governed by earthquakes and environmental vibrations has received a lot of attention in recent years.Base-isolated composite structures are typically used in the above-mentioned structural design.The corresponding analysis involves validating structural safety under earthquakes and human comfort under environmental vibrations through a time-history analysis.Thus,a reasonable damping model is essential.In this work,the representatives of viscous damping model and rate-independent damping model,namely the Rayleigh damping model and uniform damping model,were adopted to investigate the influence of damping models on the time-history analysis of such structural designs.The energy dissipation characteristics of the above-mentioned damping models were illustrated via a dynamic test of recycled aggregate concrete specimens.A case study was performed on a base-isolated steelconcrete composite structure.The dynamic responses under the excitation of earthquakes and environmental vibrations were compared using different damping models.The uniform damping model was found to be more flexible than the Rayleigh damping model in dealing with excitations with different frequency components.The uniform damping model is both theoretically advantageous and easy to use,demonstrating its potential in dynamic analysis of structures designed simultaneously governed by earthquakes and environmental vibrations.展开更多
The attenuation of technically induced surface waves is studied theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, nineteen measurements of ground vibrations induced by eight different technical sources including road a...The attenuation of technically induced surface waves is studied theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, nineteen measurements of ground vibrations induced by eight different technical sources including road and rail traffic, vibratory and impulsive construction work or pile driving, explosions, hammer impulses and mass drops are described, and it is shown that the technically induced ground vibrations exhibit a power-law attenuation v - r ~ where the exponents q are in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 and depend on the source types. Comparisons performed demonstrate that the measured exponents are considerably higher than theoretically expected. Some potential effects on ground vibration attenuation are theoretically analyzed. The most important effect is due to the material or scattering damping. Each frequency component is attenuated exponentially as exp（-kr）, but for a broad-band excitation, the sum of the exponential laws also yields a power law but with a high exponent. Additional effects are discussed, for example the dispersion of the Rayleigh wave due to soil layering, which yields an additional exponent of 0.5 in cases of impulsive loading.展开更多
In this paper, a field experiment was carried out to study train-induced environmental vibrations. During the field experiment, velocity responses were measured at different locations of a six-story masonry structure ...In this paper, a field experiment was carried out to study train-induced environmental vibrations. During the field experiment, velocity responses were measured at different locations of a six-story masonry structure near the Beijing- Guangzhou Railway and along a small road adjacent to the building. The results show that the velocity response levels of the environmental ground and the building floors increase with train speed, and attenuate with the distance to the railway track. Heavier freight trains induce greater vibrations than lighter passenger trains. In the multi-story building, the lateral velocity levels increase monotonically with floor elevation, while the vertical ones increase with floor elevation in a fluctuating manner. The indoor floor vibrations are much lower than the outdoor ground vibrations. The lateral vibration of the building along the direction of weak structural stiffness is greater than along the direction with stronger stiffness. A larger room produces greater floor vibrations than the staircase at the same elevation, and the vibration at the center of a room is greater than at its corner. The vibrations of the building were compared with the Federal Transportation Railroad Administration （FTA） criteria for acceptable ground-borne vibrations expressed in terms ofrms velocity levels in decibels. The results show that the train-induced building vibrations are serious, and some exceed the allowance given in relevant criterion.展开更多
Due to a wide range of field vibration problems caused by flood discharge at the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station, vibration characteristics and influencing factors were investigated based on prototype observation. The r...Due to a wide range of field vibration problems caused by flood discharge at the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station, vibration characteristics and influencing factors were investigated based on prototype observation. The results indicate that field vibrations caused by flood discharge have distinctive characteristics of constancy, low frequency, small amplitude, and randomness with impact, which significantly differ from the common high-frequency vibration characteristics. Field vibrations have a main frequency of about 0.5-3.0 Hz and the characteristics of long propagation distance and large-scale impact. The vibration of a stilling basin slab runs mainly in the vertical direction. The vibration response of the guide wall perpendicular to the flow is significantly stronger than it is in other directions and decreases linearly downstream along the guide wall. The vibration response of the underground turbine floor is mainly caused by the load of unit operation. Urban environmental vibration has particular distribution characteristics and change patterns, and is greatly affected by discharge, scheduling modes, and geological conditions. Along with the increase of the height of residential buildings, vibration responses show a significant amplification effect. The horizontal and vertical vibrations of the 7th floor are, respectively, about 6 times and 1.5 times stronger than the corresponding vibrations of the 1st floor. The vibration of a large-scale chemical plant presents the combined action of flood discharge and working machines. Meanwhile, it is very difficult to reduce the low-frequency environmental vibrations. Optimization of the discharge scheduling mode is one of the effective measures of reducing the flow impact loads at present. Choosing reasonable dam sites is crucial.展开更多
In recent years, the complaints against the vibration as environmental pollution tends to increase gradually in Japan. The measurement investigation to demonstrate the actual situation of the environmental vibration w...In recent years, the complaints against the vibration as environmental pollution tends to increase gradually in Japan. The measurement investigation to demonstrate the actual situation of the environmental vibration was carried out for several years. The measurement manual for each vibration source such as operations of factory machine, construction works, road traffics and railways to unify measurement methods was made at the start. From the measurement investigation, the vibration amplification characteristics of the detached house by one-third octave frequency in Japan was analyzed as a purpose to improve estimated precision of the vibration in a detached house. In this paper, the vibration amplification characteristic expressed at onethird octave band frequency was shown, and the characteristics was arranged about a result measured with 27 detached houses in Japan.展开更多
This paper analyzes the electronic equipment＇s effect factors such as structure characteristics and environment.The radar equipment is taken as an experimental subject.The damage laws of electro-products in vibration...This paper analyzes the electronic equipment＇s effect factors such as structure characteristics and environment.The radar equipment is taken as an experimental subject.The damage laws of electro-products in vibration environment are analyzed.The experiment shows that the damage of electro-products in vibration environment has relations with both the type and amplitude of vibration and their structure.展开更多
The vibration behavior of the ground and houses caused by monorail traffic is discussed in this paper. The environmental ground vibration problem discussed herein occurs in a residential area near a monorail used for ...The vibration behavior of the ground and houses caused by monorail traffic is discussed in this paper. The environmental ground vibration problem discussed herein occurs in a residential area near a monorail used for public transportation, Vibrations were measured on the ground at the side of monorail piers lacing the residential area and within the affected houses. Results indicate that the vibration level in the house was 60 dB or more, a level high enough to warrant complaints, Peculiar geological and geographical features are thought to contribute to the amplification of low frequency （-10 Hz） ground vibrations to irritable levels in these homes even though a distance of≥30 m separates the residential area and the monorail.展开更多
Based on vibration analysis, single-layered graphene sheet （SLGS） with multiple attached nanoparticles is developed as nanoscale mass sensor in thermal environments. Graphene sensors are assumed to be in simplysuppo...Based on vibration analysis, single-layered graphene sheet （SLGS） with multiple attached nanoparticles is developed as nanoscale mass sensor in thermal environments. Graphene sensors are assumed to be in simplysupported configuration. Based on the nonlocal plate the- ory which incorporates size effects into the classical theory, closed-form expressions lot the frequencies and relative fre- quency shills of SLGS-based mass sensor are derived using the Galerkin method. The suggested model is justified by a good agreement between the results given by the present model and available data in literature. The effects of tem- perature difference, nonlocal parameter, the location of the nanoparticle and the number of nanoparticles on the relative frequency shift of the mass sensor are also elucidated. The obtained results show that the sensitivity of the SLGS- based mass sensor increases with increasing temperature difference.展开更多
A simplified approach is proposed to reduce computational cost in conventional parametric optimization of open or in-filled trenches isolating rail-induced structural vibrations. In particular, it stands on an FEM-bas...A simplified approach is proposed to reduce computational cost in conventional parametric optimization of open or in-filled trenches isolating rail-induced structural vibrations. In particular, it stands on an FEM-based hybrid optimization scheme consisting of multiple two-dimensional models and one global three-dimensional model. First, representative planar FE （finite element） models orthogonal to the rail-direction are identified. For each section, the sensitivity of the trench＇s design parameters, such as geometry and backfill materials, to its vibration screening effect is respectively evaluated. Second, a full trench along the rail-direction is determined according to the two-dimensional optimization result. The global performance of the optimal trench is simulated in the three-dimensional model and finally becomes a reference for practical design. By optimizing the design parameters of a case study project, the proposed approach has shown the capability of solving complex engineering problems at a minimum computational cost, therefore is applicable in determining design parameters of rail-induced vibration isolation trenches.展开更多
Noise characteristic is one of the important factors to be considered during the design of a launch vehicle system.In this paper,the acceptance conditions for the external noise environment of the instrument cabin are...Noise characteristic is one of the important factors to be considered during the design of a launch vehicle system.In this paper,the acceptance conditions for the external noise environment of the instrument cabin are given based on multi-source data,including the measured data of the launch vehicle lift-off noise,the mechanical environment of the launch vehicle equipment,and the external noise environment of the instrument cabin deduced from empirical formula.Then an acoustic and vibration transfer model is established based on the response data of the instrument equipment used to conduct measurements in the noise test reverberation room.By using an external noise environment and a transfer model,the response of the instrument and equipment for the acceptance condition can be obtained.The acoustic and vibration prediction technology introduced in this paper can provide technical support in the environmental prediction analysis of heavy launch vehicles for the future.展开更多
This paper describes a fundamental consideration on our works on the design of general Bayes' filters for the state estimation of non-stationary, non-linear, and non-Gaussian environmental sound and vibration syst...This paper describes a fundamental consideration on our works on the design of general Bayes' filters for the state estimation of non-stationary, non-linear, and non-Gaussian environmental sound and vibration systems. We have discussed an essential point of several Bayes' filters proposed by using the orthogonal or non-orthogonal expansion form of Bayes' theorem. They can estimate any kinds of statistics of arbitrary function type of state variables including the lower and the higher order statistics connected with the Lx evaluation index in the environmental sound and vibration systems. Here, we have mainly focussed on giving the fundamental viewpoints of their design policies. Some new estimation methods and new results not yet published are included.展开更多
This study presents a new design of a piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester to enlarge the frequency bandwidth and obtain a larger energy output.This harvester consists of a primary piezoelectric energy harve...This study presents a new design of a piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester to enlarge the frequency bandwidth and obtain a larger energy output.This harvester consists of a primary piezoelectric energy harvesting device,in which a suspension electromagnetic component is added.A coupling mathematical model of the two independent energy harvesting techniques was established.Numerical results show that the piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester has three times the bandwidth and higher power output in comparison with the corresponding stand-alone,single harvesting mode devices.The finite element models of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic systems were developed,respectively.A finite element analysis was performed.Experiments were carried out to verify the validity of the numerical simulation and the finite element results.It shows that the power output and the peak frequency obtained from the numerical analysis and the finite element simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results.This study provides a promising method to broaden the frequency bandwidth and increase the energy harvesting power output for energy harvesters.展开更多
The purpose of the vibration test of spacecrafts is to assess their adaptability to low-frequency vibration environment during lift-off.This paper gives the simulation of the satellite ground vibration test(GVT) and t...The purpose of the vibration test of spacecrafts is to assess their adaptability to low-frequency vibration environment during lift-off.This paper gives the simulation of the satellite ground vibration test(GVT) and the state of the satellite along with rocket during lift-off.The simulation results of these two states are compared on condition that the lateral vibration of satellite/launching vehicle(S/LV) interface is the same.It is shown that the dynamic responses of satellite vertex are totally different.This is because there is angular motion of S/LV interface during lift-off,but in the GVT,the angular motion is restrained.By means of numerical simulation of the lift-off state,the angular motion related to the translation motion of S/LV interface can be determined.Then,using this angular motion as supplementary condition to simulate the vibration test,the calculated dynamic responses of satellite vertex are identical with the lift-off state.It demonstrates that supplementing angular motion condition is an effective method to improve spacecraft ground vibration test more identically with the real lift-off environment.Furthermore,it is useful for the application of the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table,and provides the basis for test condition requirement.展开更多
文摘Structural design simultaneously governed by earthquakes and environmental vibrations has received a lot of attention in recent years.Base-isolated composite structures are typically used in the above-mentioned structural design.The corresponding analysis involves validating structural safety under earthquakes and human comfort under environmental vibrations through a time-history analysis.Thus,a reasonable damping model is essential.In this work,the representatives of viscous damping model and rate-independent damping model,namely the Rayleigh damping model and uniform damping model,were adopted to investigate the influence of damping models on the time-history analysis of such structural designs.The energy dissipation characteristics of the above-mentioned damping models were illustrated via a dynamic test of recycled aggregate concrete specimens.A case study was performed on a base-isolated steelconcrete composite structure.The dynamic responses under the excitation of earthquakes and environmental vibrations were compared using different damping models.The uniform damping model was found to be more flexible than the Rayleigh damping model in dealing with excitations with different frequency components.The uniform damping model is both theoretically advantageous and easy to use,demonstrating its potential in dynamic analysis of structures designed simultaneously governed by earthquakes and environmental vibrations.
文摘The attenuation of technically induced surface waves is studied theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, nineteen measurements of ground vibrations induced by eight different technical sources including road and rail traffic, vibratory and impulsive construction work or pile driving, explosions, hammer impulses and mass drops are described, and it is shown that the technically induced ground vibrations exhibit a power-law attenuation v - r ~ where the exponents q are in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 and depend on the source types. Comparisons performed demonstrate that the measured exponents are considerably higher than theoretically expected. Some potential effects on ground vibration attenuation are theoretically analyzed. The most important effect is due to the material or scattering damping. Each frequency component is attenuated exponentially as exp（-kr）, but for a broad-band excitation, the sum of the exponential laws also yields a power law but with a high exponent. Additional effects are discussed, for example the dispersion of the Rayleigh wave due to soil layering, which yields an additional exponent of 0.5 in cases of impulsive loading.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No. 50538010Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Under Grant No. 8082021the Flander (Belgium)-China Bilateral Project Under Grant No. BIL07/07
文摘In this paper, a field experiment was carried out to study train-induced environmental vibrations. During the field experiment, velocity responses were measured at different locations of a six-story masonry structure near the Beijing- Guangzhou Railway and along a small road adjacent to the building. The results show that the velocity response levels of the environmental ground and the building floors increase with train speed, and attenuate with the distance to the railway track. Heavier freight trains induce greater vibrations than lighter passenger trains. In the multi-story building, the lateral velocity levels increase monotonically with floor elevation, while the vertical ones increase with floor elevation in a fluctuating manner. The indoor floor vibrations are much lower than the outdoor ground vibrations. The lateral vibration of the building along the direction of weak structural stiffness is greater than along the direction with stronger stiffness. A larger room produces greater floor vibrations than the staircase at the same elevation, and the vibration at the center of a room is greater than at its corner. The vibrations of the building were compared with the Federal Transportation Railroad Administration （FTA） criteria for acceptable ground-borne vibrations expressed in terms ofrms velocity levels in decibels. The results show that the train-induced building vibrations are serious, and some exceed the allowance given in relevant criterion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51479124 and 51109143)the Open Cooperation Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering(Grant No.SKHL1422)the Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Foundation(Grant No.Y115006)
文摘Due to a wide range of field vibration problems caused by flood discharge at the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station, vibration characteristics and influencing factors were investigated based on prototype observation. The results indicate that field vibrations caused by flood discharge have distinctive characteristics of constancy, low frequency, small amplitude, and randomness with impact, which significantly differ from the common high-frequency vibration characteristics. Field vibrations have a main frequency of about 0.5-3.0 Hz and the characteristics of long propagation distance and large-scale impact. The vibration of a stilling basin slab runs mainly in the vertical direction. The vibration response of the guide wall perpendicular to the flow is significantly stronger than it is in other directions and decreases linearly downstream along the guide wall. The vibration response of the underground turbine floor is mainly caused by the load of unit operation. Urban environmental vibration has particular distribution characteristics and change patterns, and is greatly affected by discharge, scheduling modes, and geological conditions. Along with the increase of the height of residential buildings, vibration responses show a significant amplification effect. The horizontal and vertical vibrations of the 7th floor are, respectively, about 6 times and 1.5 times stronger than the corresponding vibrations of the 1st floor. The vibration of a large-scale chemical plant presents the combined action of flood discharge and working machines. Meanwhile, it is very difficult to reduce the low-frequency environmental vibrations. Optimization of the discharge scheduling mode is one of the effective measures of reducing the flow impact loads at present. Choosing reasonable dam sites is crucial.
文摘In recent years, the complaints against the vibration as environmental pollution tends to increase gradually in Japan. The measurement investigation to demonstrate the actual situation of the environmental vibration was carried out for several years. The measurement manual for each vibration source such as operations of factory machine, construction works, road traffics and railways to unify measurement methods was made at the start. From the measurement investigation, the vibration amplification characteristics of the detached house by one-third octave frequency in Japan was analyzed as a purpose to improve estimated precision of the vibration in a detached house. In this paper, the vibration amplification characteristic expressed at onethird octave band frequency was shown, and the characteristics was arranged about a result measured with 27 detached houses in Japan.
文摘This paper analyzes the electronic equipment＇s effect factors such as structure characteristics and environment.The radar equipment is taken as an experimental subject.The damage laws of electro-products in vibration environment are analyzed.The experiment shows that the damage of electro-products in vibration environment has relations with both the type and amplitude of vibration and their structure.
文摘The vibration behavior of the ground and houses caused by monorail traffic is discussed in this paper. The environmental ground vibration problem discussed herein occurs in a residential area near a monorail used for public transportation, Vibrations were measured on the ground at the side of monorail piers lacing the residential area and within the affected houses. Results indicate that the vibration level in the house was 60 dB or more, a level high enough to warrant complaints, Peculiar geological and geographical features are thought to contribute to the amplification of low frequency （-10 Hz） ground vibrations to irritable levels in these homes even though a distance of≥30 m separates the residential area and the monorail.
文摘Based on vibration analysis, single-layered graphene sheet （SLGS） with multiple attached nanoparticles is developed as nanoscale mass sensor in thermal environments. Graphene sensors are assumed to be in simplysupported configuration. Based on the nonlocal plate the- ory which incorporates size effects into the classical theory, closed-form expressions lot the frequencies and relative fre- quency shills of SLGS-based mass sensor are derived using the Galerkin method. The suggested model is justified by a good agreement between the results given by the present model and available data in literature. The effects of tem- perature difference, nonlocal parameter, the location of the nanoparticle and the number of nanoparticles on the relative frequency shift of the mass sensor are also elucidated. The obtained results show that the sensitivity of the SLGS- based mass sensor increases with increasing temperature difference.
文摘A simplified approach is proposed to reduce computational cost in conventional parametric optimization of open or in-filled trenches isolating rail-induced structural vibrations. In particular, it stands on an FEM-based hybrid optimization scheme consisting of multiple two-dimensional models and one global three-dimensional model. First, representative planar FE （finite element） models orthogonal to the rail-direction are identified. For each section, the sensitivity of the trench＇s design parameters, such as geometry and backfill materials, to its vibration screening effect is respectively evaluated. Second, a full trench along the rail-direction is determined according to the two-dimensional optimization result. The global performance of the optimal trench is simulated in the three-dimensional model and finally becomes a reference for practical design. By optimizing the design parameters of a case study project, the proposed approach has shown the capability of solving complex engineering problems at a minimum computational cost, therefore is applicable in determining design parameters of rail-induced vibration isolation trenches.
文摘Noise characteristic is one of the important factors to be considered during the design of a launch vehicle system.In this paper,the acceptance conditions for the external noise environment of the instrument cabin are given based on multi-source data,including the measured data of the launch vehicle lift-off noise,the mechanical environment of the launch vehicle equipment,and the external noise environment of the instrument cabin deduced from empirical formula.Then an acoustic and vibration transfer model is established based on the response data of the instrument equipment used to conduct measurements in the noise test reverberation room.By using an external noise environment and a transfer model,the response of the instrument and equipment for the acceptance condition can be obtained.The acoustic and vibration prediction technology introduced in this paper can provide technical support in the environmental prediction analysis of heavy launch vehicles for the future.
文摘This paper describes a fundamental consideration on our works on the design of general Bayes' filters for the state estimation of non-stationary, non-linear, and non-Gaussian environmental sound and vibration systems. We have discussed an essential point of several Bayes' filters proposed by using the orthogonal or non-orthogonal expansion form of Bayes' theorem. They can estimate any kinds of statistics of arbitrary function type of state variables including the lower and the higher order statistics connected with the Lx evaluation index in the environmental sound and vibration systems. Here, we have mainly focussed on giving the fundamental viewpoints of their design policies. Some new estimation methods and new results not yet published are included.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51077018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HIT.NSRIF.2014059),China
文摘This study presents a new design of a piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester to enlarge the frequency bandwidth and obtain a larger energy output.This harvester consists of a primary piezoelectric energy harvesting device,in which a suspension electromagnetic component is added.A coupling mathematical model of the two independent energy harvesting techniques was established.Numerical results show that the piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester has three times the bandwidth and higher power output in comparison with the corresponding stand-alone,single harvesting mode devices.The finite element models of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic systems were developed,respectively.A finite element analysis was performed.Experiments were carried out to verify the validity of the numerical simulation and the finite element results.It shows that the power output and the peak frequency obtained from the numerical analysis and the finite element simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results.This study provides a promising method to broaden the frequency bandwidth and increase the energy harvesting power output for energy harvesters.
文摘The purpose of the vibration test of spacecrafts is to assess their adaptability to low-frequency vibration environment during lift-off.This paper gives the simulation of the satellite ground vibration test(GVT) and the state of the satellite along with rocket during lift-off.The simulation results of these two states are compared on condition that the lateral vibration of satellite/launching vehicle(S/LV) interface is the same.It is shown that the dynamic responses of satellite vertex are totally different.This is because there is angular motion of S/LV interface during lift-off,but in the GVT,the angular motion is restrained.By means of numerical simulation of the lift-off state,the angular motion related to the translation motion of S/LV interface can be determined.Then,using this angular motion as supplementary condition to simulate the vibration test,the calculated dynamic responses of satellite vertex are identical with the lift-off state.It demonstrates that supplementing angular motion condition is an effective method to improve spacecraft ground vibration test more identically with the real lift-off environment.Furthermore,it is useful for the application of the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table,and provides the basis for test condition requirement.
