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Synthesis of mordenite by solvent-free method and its application in the dimethyl ether carbonylation reaction
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作者 Yinghui Liu Shaoduo Liu +8 位作者 Xiaosheng Wang Hongjing Wang Ranjia Li Changchun Yu Chunming Xu Yuxiang Liu Zhengqiu Xie Yongqiang Wang Pan Tang 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期216-223,共8页
Mordenite with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by solvent-free method and used for dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation reaction.The influence of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock on the structure,porosity and acid sit... Mordenite with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by solvent-free method and used for dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation reaction.The influence of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock on the structure,porosity and acid sites were systematically investigated.The characterization results showed that with the increase of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock,part of silicon species fail to enter the skeleton and the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples decreased.The amount of weak acid and medium strong acid decreased alongside with the increasing Si/Al ratio,and the amount of strong acid slightly increased.The Al atoms preferentially enter the strong acid sites in the 8 member ring(MR)channel during the crystallization process.The high Si/Al ratio sample had more acid sites located in the 8 MR channel,leading to more active sites for carbonylation reaction and higher catalytic performance.Appropriately increasing the Si/Al ratio was beneficial for the improvement of carbonylation reaction activity over the mordenite(MOR)catalyst. 展开更多
关键词 CARBONYLATION Dimethyl ether SOLVENT-FREE ZEOLITE Synthesis CATALYSIS
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Interfacial engineering through lead binding using crown ethers in perovskite solar cells
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作者 Sun-Ju Kim YeonJu Kim +8 位作者 Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla Gayoung Ham Thanh-Danh Nguyen Joonkyung Jang Hyojung Cha Jovana Milić Jun-Ho Yum Kevin Sivula Ji-Youn Seo 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期263-270,共8页
In the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative solutions.This study pioneers an ... In the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative solutions.This study pioneers an approach that not only rectifies lead leakage but also places paramount importance on the attainment of rigorous interfacial passivation.Crown ethers,notably benzo-18-crown-6-ether(B18C6),were strategically integrated at the perovskite-hole transport material interface.Crown ethers exhibit a dual role:efficiently sequestering and immobilizing Pb^(2+)ions through host-guest complexation and simultaneously establishing a robust interfacial passivation layer.Selected crown ether candidates,guided by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,demonstrated proficiency in binding Pb2+ions and optimizing interfacial energetics.Photovoltaic devices incorporating these materials achieved exceptional power conversion efficiency(PCE),notably 21.7%for B18C6,underscoring their efficacy in lead binding and interfacial passivation.Analytical techniques,including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),time-resolved photoluminescence(TRPL),and transient absorption spectroscopy(TAS),unequivocally affirmed Pb^(2+)ion capture and suppression of non-radiative recombination.Notably,these PSCs maintained efficiency even after enduring 300 h of exposure to 85%relative humidity.This research underscores the transformative potential of crown ethers,simultaneously addressing lead binding and stringent interfacial passivation for sustainable PSCs poised to commercialize and advance renewable energy applications. 展开更多
关键词 Perovskite solar cells Interfacial passivation Crown ether materials Stability
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The effect of salt anion in ether‐based electrolyte for electrochemical performance of sodium‐ion batteries:A case study of hard carbon
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作者 Jiabao Li Jingjing Hao +6 位作者 Quan Yuan Ruoxing Wang Frederick Marlton Tianyi Wang Chengyin Wang Xin Guo Guoxiu Wang 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期285-297,共13页
Compared with the extensively used ester‐based electrolyte,the hard carbon(HC)electrode is more compatible with the ether‐based counterpart in sodium‐ion batteries,which can lead to improved cycling stability and r... Compared with the extensively used ester‐based electrolyte,the hard carbon(HC)electrode is more compatible with the ether‐based counterpart in sodium‐ion batteries,which can lead to improved cycling stability and robust rate capability.However,the impact of salt anion on the electrochemical performance of HC electrodes has yet to be fully understood.In this study,the anionic chemistry in regulating the stability of electrolytes and the performance of sodium‐ion batteries have been systematically investigated.This work shows discrepancies in the reductive stability of the anionic group,redox kinetics,and component/structure of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)with different salts(NaBF_(4),NaPF_(6),and NaSO_(3)CF_(3))in the typical ether solvent(diglyme).Particularly,the density functional theory calculation manifests the preferred decomposition of PF_(6)−due to the reduced reductive stability of anions in the solvation structure,thus leading to the formation of NaF‐rich SEI.Further investigation on redox kinetics reveals that the NaPF_(6)/diglyme can induce the fast ionic diffusion dynamic and low charge transfer barrier for HC electrode,thus resulting in superior sodium storage performance in terms of rate capability and cycling life,which outperforms those of NaBF_(4)/diglyme and NaSO_(3)CF_(3)/diglyme.Importantly,this work offers valuable insights for optimizing the electrochemical behaviors of electrode materials by regulating the anionic group in the electrolyte. 展开更多
关键词 ether‐based electrolyte reaction kinetics salt anion SEI components sodium storage
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TLC Identification and Extraction Process of Rubiasin-1-methyl Ether from Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu
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作者 Jingrong LU Jiangcun WEI +3 位作者 Xiumei MA Bing QING Meiyan QIU Wen ZHONG 《Medicinal Plant》 2024年第3期35-38,共4页
[Objectives]To establish a thin-layer chromatography(TLC)method for the determination of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu(Damnacanthus giganteus).[Methods]A silica gel G thin-layer plate was adopte... [Objectives]To establish a thin-layer chromatography(TLC)method for the determination of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu(Damnacanthus giganteus).[Methods]A silica gel G thin-layer plate was adopted for TLC.Petroleum ether(60-90℃)-chloroform-methanol-water(7:15:3:1)was used as the developing solvent and inspected under ultraviolet lamp(365 nm).The content was determined by Inertsil ODS-3 C 18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm),mobile phase:acetonitrile-0.2%phosphoric acid gradient elution,detection wavelength 277 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10μL.[Results]The spots of 10 Chuanlianzhu samples from different origins showed the same color at the same position as the control,and the spots were clear and specific.The injection volume of rubiadin-1-methyl ether showed a good linear relationship in the range of 2.90-145μg(R=0.9996).The average recovery rate of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in the low,medium and high dose groups of Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu was 98.72%,and RSD=1.78%.[Conclusions]This method can effectively identify Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu medicinal materials and accurately determine the content of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in the medicinal materials.It provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu medicinal resources. 展开更多
关键词 Chuanlianzhu THIN-LAYER chromatography (TLC) Extraction process Rubiadin-1-methyl ether Content determination
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Cosmic Ether, Possessing Electric-Tension and Magnetic-Resistance, Is the Unified Field for Physics 被引量:1
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作者 Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2021年第5期671-699,共29页
The paper presents the case that physics is already and effectively unified by the energetic tension field, ether. We identify this integrating power of ether first, by re-defining the action generating parameters of ... The paper presents the case that physics is already and effectively unified by the energetic tension field, ether. We identify this integrating power of ether first, by re-defining the action generating parameters of this energetic tension field as the electric-tension, <img src="Edit_1233fa02-9a1c-416a-8153-196733a12887.png" alt="" />, and the magnetic-resistance, <em>μ</em><sub>0</sub>, while re-deriving the Maxwell’s wave equation in analogy with the mechanically stretched string, where the <img src="Edit_07813a1b-d94f-4e68-a3ed-b3023cd3fb5f.png" alt="" />. Then, replacing <img src="Edit_7d06fa1e-760d-4b80-a503-db81378a3512.png" alt="" /> by <img src="Edit_58f15ef0-2e86-42ae-a899-d0b4741f12d0.png" alt="" /> and <em>m</em><sub>0</sub> by <img src="Edit_f8cb7020-1a27-404a-b146-5c1357e1c5b5.png" alt="" />, one can find that almost all working physics theories are being energized by<img src="Edit_f860fcdd-1dc1-40bf-aaf1-e07b0e4a7524.png" alt="" />and <em>μ</em><sub>0</sub>. To complete the unification, we can now postulate that the particles are also freely propagating EM waves, but they are spatially localized as in-phase, close-looped (IP-CL) vortex-like propagation modes of ether. Because of their IP-CL mode structure, they have space-finite spatial structures and remain spatially stationary in the absence of any spatially influencing potential gradients (forces) in their vicinity. Particles’ <em>harmonic phase</em> driven interactions between quantum particles give birth to the <em>appearance</em> of wave-particle duality. There is no need for the confusing and unnecessary de Broglie’s Pilot Wave. The inertia to spatial motion of IP-CL modes automatically accommodates Newton’s laws of motion. The cosmic universality of Maxwellian wave velocity, and particles as IP-CL modes, jointly accommodate the two key postulates of special relativity without the need for unphysical four-dimensionality. The observable universe is represented only by its diverse oscillatory excited states. The stable and stationary Cosmic Ether keeps holding 100% of its energy all the time. We have proposed a one-way light pulse propagation experiment to directly validate the existence of ether, rather than approaching Michelson’s way of measuring the ether drag. We have identified a good number of examples of working theoretical expressions in terms of <img src="Edit_fd739625-efbd-4edd-9e1e-ba4ab5b7c07f.png" alt="" />and<em> μ</em><sub>0</sub> and presented our critical views in physics thinking, belonging to Classical, Relativity, Quantum and Cosmology Physics. 展开更多
关键词 Cosmic ether ether as the Unifying Field ether Energetic Tension Field (1/ε0)-Electric Tension of ether μ0-Magnetic Resistance of ether Particles as Localized EM Oscillating Modes of ether
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Economy, environmental assessment and energy conservation for separation of isopropanol/diisopropyl ether/water multi-azeotropes via extractive distillation coupled pervaporation process 被引量:2
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作者 Qinggang Xu Yasen Dai +6 位作者 Qing Zhao Zhengrun Chen Peizhe Cui Zhaoyou Zhu Yinglong Wang Jun Gao Yixin Ma 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第2期353-363,共11页
This wok proposed the extraction distillation coupled pervaporation(ED+PV) technology process using two different solvents to separate isopropanol(IPA) and diisopropyl ether(DIPE) from DIPE/IPA/H_(2)O ternary heteroge... This wok proposed the extraction distillation coupled pervaporation(ED+PV) technology process using two different solvents to separate isopropanol(IPA) and diisopropyl ether(DIPE) from DIPE/IPA/H_(2)O ternary heterogeneous azeotropes in industrial wastewater from the synthesis of isopropanol in this study.Based on strict design specifications, simulation and sequential iteration methods are used for process design and optimization. Compared to the ethylene glycol(EG)-EG+H_(2)O process and the 1,3-propanediol(PDO)-IPA+H_(2)O process, the total annual cost(TAC) of the EG-IPA+H_(2)O process decreased by 20.76% and 7.86%(PDO). Compared to the EG-EG+H_(2)O process, the TAC of the PDO-IPA+H_(2)O process reduced 14%, but the global warming potential(GWP) and human toxicity of the PDO-IPA+H_(2)O process increased 11.3% and 4.07% respectively. Compared to the PDO-IPA+H_(2)O process, the EG-IPA+H_(2)O process saves 7.86%(TAC), 9.78%(GWP) and 9.85%(human toxicity). The ED+PV process with EG is superior to PDO in factors of TAC, energy consumption, human toxicity and environment. The EG-IPA+H_(2)O process changed the separation order of the products of the multi-azeotropic system, reduced the cost and energy conservation of the system, and enhanced the environmental protection evaluation of the process, is the best process through life cycle assessment for analyzing the economy, energy conservation, environmental assessment and human toxicity, designing cleaner products, controlling waste discharge, and promoting the chemical purification industry. This work provides a new process design and optimized separation ideas, will have a good guiding significance for the research and application separation of multi-azeotropic mixture with mixed solvents in organic wastewater from the cleaner chemical production, has been up to standard wastewater discharge process, and realized the development goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the sustainable development of chemical clean industry. 展开更多
关键词 Life cycle assessment Extractive distillation coupled pervaporation Isopropanol/diisopropyl ether/water azeotropes Thermodynamic efficiency Human toxicity
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Preparation and Purification of Halogenated Hydroxydiphenyl Ethers 被引量:1
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作者 宋健 冯荣秀 +3 位作者 陈磊 王军波 石巍 王琨 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2002年第1期37-39,共3页
As a good antimicrobial active ingredient, 2,4,4′ trichloro 2′ hydroxydiphenyl ether has been already commercially available since 1970s. For this paper halogenated hydroxydiphenyl ethers were prepared and purifi... As a good antimicrobial active ingredient, 2,4,4′ trichloro 2′ hydroxydiphenyl ether has been already commercially available since 1970s. For this paper halogenated hydroxydiphenyl ethers were prepared and purified, and their analytical conditions by HPLC were studied. Further purification of 2,4,4′ trichloro 2′ hydroxydiphenyl ether was also studied. The adsorption ability of different decolourants, e.g. alumina and bentonite, for each component in crude product of 2,4,4′ trichloro 2′ hydroxydiphenyl ether was varied. 2,4,4′ trichloro 2′ hydroxydiphenyl ether might be adsorbed by active carbon. The colored impurities might be adsorbed by alumina. The colorless impurities might be adsorbed by bentonite. 展开更多
关键词 trichloro 2′ hydroxydiphenyl ether 2 6 4′ trichloro 2′ hydroxydiphenyl ether 4 4′ dichloro 2′ hydroxydiphenyl ether PURIFICATION
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Harnessing dimethyl ether and methyl formate fuels for direct electrochemical energy conversion
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作者 Medhanie Gebremedhin Gebru Radhey Shyam Yadav +3 位作者 Hanan Teller Haya Kornweitz Palaniappan Subramanian Alex Schechter 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第8期454-464,I0012,共12页
In this work,the oxidation of a mixture of dimethyl ether(DME) and methyl formate(MF) was studied in both an aqueous electrochemical cell and a vapor-fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)utilizing a multi-... In this work,the oxidation of a mixture of dimethyl ether(DME) and methyl formate(MF) was studied in both an aqueous electrochemical cell and a vapor-fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)utilizing a multi-metallic alloy catalyst,Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C,discovered earlier by us.The current obtained during the bulk oxidation of a DME-saturated 1 M MF was higher than the summation of the currents provided by the two fuels separately,suggesting the cooperative effect of mixing these fuels.A significant increase in the anodic charge was realized during oxidative stripping of a pre-adsorbed DME+MF mixture as compared to DME or MF individually.This is ascribed to greater utilization of specific catalytic sites on account of the relatively lower adsorption energy of the dual-molecules than of the sum of the individual molecules as confirmed by the density fu nctional theory(DFT) calculations.Fuel cell polarization was also conducted using a Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C(anode) and Pt/C(cathode) catalysts-coated membrane(CCM).The enhanced surface coverage and active site utilization resulted in providing a higher peak power density by the DME+MF mixture-fed fuel cell(123 mW cm^(-2)at 0.45 V) than with DME(84mW cm^(-2)at 0.35 V) or MF(28 mW cm^(-2)at 0.2 V) at the same total anode hydrocarbon flow rate,temperature,and ambient pressure. 展开更多
关键词 Dimethyl ether Methyl formate Fuel cell ELECTROCATALYSIS Multi-metallic alloy
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Durable semi-crystalline interphase engineering to stabilize high voltage Ni-rich cathode in dilute ether electrolyte
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作者 Zhuangzhuang Cui Shunqiang Chen +7 位作者 Qingshun Nian Yecheng Li Yawei Chen Bing-Qing Xiong Zihong Wang Zixu He Shuhong Jiao Xiaodi Ren 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期110-117,共8页
Ethers are promising electrolyte solvents for secondary Li metal batteries because of their excellent reduction stability.However,their oxidation stability has been mostly relying on the high concentration approach,an... Ethers are promising electrolyte solvents for secondary Li metal batteries because of their excellent reduction stability.However,their oxidation stability has been mostly relying on the high concentration approach,and limited progress has been made on building effective interphase to protect the cathode from the corrosion of the electrolyte.In this work,we construct a semi-crystalline interfacial layer on the surface of Li(Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1))O_(2)cathode that can achieve improved electrochemical stability in the highly corrosive chemical environment formed by the decomposition of ether molecules.Different from traditional brittle crystalline interphases,the optimized semi-crystalline layer with low modulus and high ionic conductivity can effectively relieve electrode strain and maintain the integrity of the interface layer.Due to this design,the continuous oxidation decomposition of ether-based electrolytes could be significantly suppressed and the battery shows outstanding cycling stability(84%capacity retention after 300 cycles).This article provides a solution to address the oxidation instability issue of ether-based electrolytes. 展开更多
关键词 Cathode/electrolyte interphase Semi-crystalline ether electrolyte High-voltage cathode Li-metal batteries
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Butyl ether as Co-diluent in medium-concentrated electrolyte for Li-S battery
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作者 Xirui Kong Yayun Zheng +2 位作者 Lang He Du Wang Yan Zhao 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第10期343-347,I0010,共6页
1. Introduction The Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB) shows promise as a highdensity energy source, with a theoretical energy density of approximately 2600 W h kg^(-1)[1]. However, practical application of the LSB has been ... 1. Introduction The Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB) shows promise as a highdensity energy source, with a theoretical energy density of approximately 2600 W h kg^(-1)[1]. However, practical application of the LSB has been hindered by the “shuttle effect” and Li anode corrosion [2,3]. Highly concentrated electrolytes(HCEs) have been proposed as a solution, as they can inhibit the dissolution of lithium polysulfide and promote homogeneous lithium deposition [4]. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium-sulfur battery Diluted electrolyte Butyl ether Co-diluent
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Li^(+)-ion bound crown ether functionalization enables dual promotion of dynamics and thermodynamics for ambient ammonia synthesis
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作者 Qiyang Cheng Sisi Liu +8 位作者 Mengfan Wang Lifang Zhang Yanzheng He Jiajie Ni Jingru Zhang Chengwei Deng Yi Sun Tao Qian Chenglin Yan 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第10期191-197,I0007,共8页
Electrosynthesis of ammonia from the reduction of nitrogen is still confronted with the limited supply of gas reactant in dynamics as well as high activation barrier in thermodynamics.Unfortunately,despite tremendous ... Electrosynthesis of ammonia from the reduction of nitrogen is still confronted with the limited supply of gas reactant in dynamics as well as high activation barrier in thermodynamics.Unfortunately,despite tremendous efforts devoted to electrocatalysts themselves,they still fail to tackle the above two challenges simultaneously.Herein,we employ a heterogeneous catalyst adlayer-composed of crown ethers associated with Li^(+)ions-to achieve the dual promotion of dynamics and thermodynamics for ambient ammonia synthesis.Dynamically,the bound Li^(+)ions interact with the strong quadrupole moment of nitrogen,and trigger considerable reactant flux toward the catalyst.Thermodynamically,Li^(+)associated with the oxygen of crown ether achieves a higher density of states at the Fermi level for the catalyst,enabling effortless electron transfer from the catalysts to nitrogen and thus greatly reducing the activation barrier.As expected,the proof-of-concept system achieves an ammonia yield rate of 168.5μg h^(-1)mg^(-1)and a Faradaic efficiency of 75.3%at-0.3 V vs.RHE.This system-level approach opens up pathways for tackling the two key challenges that have limited the field of ammonia synthesis. 展开更多
关键词 Li^(+)-ion bound crown ether DYNAMICS Thermodynamics Nitrogen reduction Ammonia synthesis
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Density Functional Theory Study of Marine Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Anaerobic Degradation
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作者 XU Xiang MAN Miaomiao +3 位作者 SUN Qinxing LIU Qingzhi WU Kechen YANG Dengfeng 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第5期1353-1360,共8页
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)are a kind of serious pollutants in the ocean.Biodegradation is considered as an economical and safe way for PBDEs removal and reductive debromination dominates the initial pathway... Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)are a kind of serious pollutants in the ocean.Biodegradation is considered as an economical and safe way for PBDEs removal and reductive debromination dominates the initial pathway of anaerobic degradation.On the basis of experimental study,Octa-BDE 197,Hepta-BDE 183,Hexa-BDE 153,Penta-BDE 99 and Tetra-BDE 47 were selected as the initial degradation objects,and their debromination degradation were studied using density functional theory.The structures were optimized by Gaussian 09 program.Furthermore,the molecular orbitals and charge distribution were analyzed.All C-Br bond dissociation energies at different positions including ortho,meta and para bromine atoms were calculated and the sequence of debromination was obtained.There is a close relationship between molecular structure,charge,molecular orbital and C-Br bond.All PBDEs exhibited similar debromination pathways with preferential removal of meta and para bromines. 展开更多
关键词 polybrominated diphenyl ethers reductive debromination anaerobic degradation density functional theory bond dissociation energies
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Functional zirconium phosphate nanosheets enabled transfer hydrogenolysis of aromatic ether bonds over a low usage of Ru nanocatalysts
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作者 Jinliang Song Yayun Pang +2 位作者 Chenglei Xiao Huizhen Liu Buxing Han 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第5期373-380,I0009,共9页
Catalytic hydrogenolysis of aromatic ether bonds is a highly promising strategy for upgrading lignin into small-molecule chemicals,which relies on developing innovative heterogeneous catalysts with high activity.Herei... Catalytic hydrogenolysis of aromatic ether bonds is a highly promising strategy for upgrading lignin into small-molecule chemicals,which relies on developing innovative heterogeneous catalysts with high activity.Herein,we designed porous zirconium phosphate nanosheet-supported Ru nanocatalysts(Ru/ZrPsheet)as the heterogeneous catalyst by a process combining ball milling and molten-salt(KNO_(3)).Very interestingly,the fabricated Ru/ZrPsheetshowed good catalytic performance on the transfer hydrogenolysis of various types of aromatic ether bonds contained in lignin,i.e.,4-O-5,a-O-4,β-O-4,and aryl-O-CH3,over a low Ru usage(<0.5 mol%)without using any acidic/basic additive.Detailed investigations indicated that the properties of Ru and the support were indispensable.The excellent activity of Ru/ZZrPsheetoriginated from the strong acidity and basicity of ZrPsheetand the higher electron density of metallic Ru0as well as the nanosheet structure of ZrPsheet. 展开更多
关键词 Valorization of lignin Aromatic ether bonds Transfer hydrogenolysis synergistic cooperation Zirconium phosphate nanosheets
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Concentrated ternary ether electrolyte allows for stable cycling of a lithium metal battery with commercial mass loading high-nickel NMC and thin anodes
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作者 Jun Yang Xing Li +17 位作者 Ke Qu Yixian Wang Kangqi Shen Changhuan Jiang Bo Yu Pan Luo Zhuangzhi Li Mingyang Chen Bingshu Guo Mingshan Wang Junchen Chen Zhiyuan Ma Yun Huang Zhenzhong Yang Pengcheng Liu Rong Huang Xiaodi Ren David Mitlin 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第3期2-18,共17页
A new concentrated ternary salt ether-based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery(LMB)cells with high-mass-loading(13.8 mg cm^(−2),2.5 mAh cm^(−2))NMC622(LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2))cathodes ... A new concentrated ternary salt ether-based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery(LMB)cells with high-mass-loading(13.8 mg cm^(−2),2.5 mAh cm^(−2))NMC622(LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2))cathodes and 50μm Li anodes.Termed“CETHER-3,”this electrolyte is based on LiTFSI,LiDFOB,and LiBF4 with 5 vol%fluorinated ethylene carbonate in 1,2-dimethoxyethane.Commer-cial carbonate and state-of-the-art binary salt ether electrolytes were also tested as baselines.With CETHER-3,the electrochemical performance of the full-cell battery is among the most favorably reported in terms of high-voltage cycling stability.For example,LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(1-x-y)O_(2)(NMC)-Li metal cells retain 80%capacity at 430 cycles with a 4.4 V cut-off and 83%capacity at 100 cycles with a 4.5 V cut-off(charge at C/5,discharge at C/2).According to simulation by density functional theory and molecular dynamics,this favorable performance is an outcome of enhanced coordination between Li^(+)and the solvent/salt molecules.Combining advanced microscopy(high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy)and surface science(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectroscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy),it is demonstrated that a thinner and more stable cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)are formed.The CEI is rich in lithium sulfide(Li_(2)SO_(3)),while the SEI is rich in Li_(3)N and LiF.During cycling,the CEI/SEI suppresses both the deleterious transformation of the cathode R-3m layered near-surface structure into disordered rock salt and the growth of lithium metal dendrites. 展开更多
关键词 concentrated electrolyte density functional theory ether electrolyte high‐nickel cathode high‐voltage battery molecular dynamics
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A Comparative Study of the Hydroxyl Value and Iodine Value in Polyoxyl Stearyl Ether in United States Pharmacopeia Specifications
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作者 Alyssa Beres Yusuf Yildiz 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2023年第9期410-419,共10页
The iodine value (iodine number) and hydroxyl value are important analytical characteristics of fats and oils. The iodine (I<sub>2</sub>) required saturating the fatty acids present in 100 grams of the oil... The iodine value (iodine number) and hydroxyl value are important analytical characteristics of fats and oils. The iodine (I<sub>2</sub>) required saturating the fatty acids present in 100 grams of the oil or fat. Iodine value is a measure of the total number of double bonds (-C=C-) present in fats and oils. Unsaturated compounds contain molecules with double and triple bonds which are very reactive towards iodine. The iodine value has been determined according to Hanus with iodine monobromide in glacial acetic acid, and then the amount of iodine remaining unreacted is determined by titration using sodium thiosulfate volumetric standard solution. The hydroxyl value is the amount of potassium hydroxide in milligrams that is equivalent to the hydroxyl amount of 1 gram of the sample (mg KOH/g sample). Poloxyl Stearyl Ether is a mixture of the monostearyl ethers of mixed polyethylene glycols. It may contain various amounts of free stearyl alcohol and some free polyethylene glycol. In this study, the iodine value and hydroxyl value have been determined by titration in polyoxyl stearyl ether. Iodine value 1.84 g of I<sub>2</sub> absorbed/100g sample, and hydroxyl value 162.65 mg KOH/g sample have been found in poloxyl stearyl ether. The iodine value and hydroxyl value results met the United States Pharmacopeia specifications for Polyoxyl Stearyl Ether. 展开更多
关键词 Iodine Value Hydroxyl Value Hanus Method Polyoxyl Stearyl ether
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2,4-Dinitrophenyl Ether of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polymer Bound Anionic SIGMA Complexes
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作者 John C. Phelan Michael J. Strauss 《International Journal of Organic Chemistry》 2023年第3期87-95,共9页
A new electrophilic polymer, 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-DNP), having a degree of substitution of 0.5 was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 1-fluro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). The PVA-DNP ... A new electrophilic polymer, 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-DNP), having a degree of substitution of 0.5 was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 1-fluro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). The PVA-DNP polymer was characterized by NMR, IR, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The reaction of PVA-DNP with sodium methoxide was followed by NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. Evidence of polymer bound spirocyclic SIGMA complex, C-1 and C-3 polymer bound DNP-methoxy SIGMA complexes and the formation and C-1 methoxy complex of 2,4-dinitroanisole was observed. 展开更多
关键词 2 4-Dinitrophenyl ether Polyvinyl Alcohol Anionic SIGMA Complex Thermal Stability Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
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Ether as the Fundamental Substance of the Creation of the Universe
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作者 Avas Khugaev Eugeniya Bibaeva 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2023年第12期3800-3825,共26页
The paper analyzes the concept of Ether and substantiates the necessity of its existence as a physical reality, which arises within the framework of the concept developed by the authors of the work. The authors come t... The paper analyzes the concept of Ether and substantiates the necessity of its existence as a physical reality, which arises within the framework of the concept developed by the authors of the work. The authors come to the conclusion that the existence of Ether in two different forms, plays an exceptional role in the formation of Dark Matter and Dark Energy and leads to the emergence of exotic cosmological structures and their hierarchy in energy, temporal, and spatial scale. The mechanism of the formation of physical structures before the Big Bang and their further evolution, up to the formation of worlds of galaxies and stars, is considered. The necessity of the emergence of exotic structures, such as 3 spheres of the Primary Relict, is shown, its structure and dynamic properties leading to the formation of Order from Chaos are considered. The role of the 1st and 2nd type Ether in the formation of the mechanism of transformation of cosmic energies and quantum phase transitions, in the process of the birth and evolution of the Universe is discussed. The conclusion is made about the existence of universal properties of matter, at the level of Macro and Microcosms, and a multidimensional cosmological model with an isothermal temperature distribution is constructed, leading to a discrete distribution of matter separated by transitions, by analogy with Black-and-White Holes. It is shown that the postulate of the constancy of the speed of light in any inertial system is a consequence of the principle of covariance. 展开更多
关键词 ether Speed of Light Black and White Hole Quantum Transitions Primary Relict Chaos and Order Primary Atom Big Bang Dark Matter and Energy Borromeo Rings
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The Quantum Chromodynamics Gas Density Drop and the General Theory of Relativity Ether
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作者 Rami Rom 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2023年第2期445-454,共10页
β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for s... β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for such cyclic deviation from the exponential first order kinetics decay law [2]. Here we propose that the β decay is a pseudo-first order exchange reaction triggered by udd&utilde;exotic mesons and propose a QCD gas theory. In analogy to the atmospheric gas density, the proposed QCD gas density drops with elevation from the sun. Accordingly, we propose that the β decay rate periodic variability is due to the pseudo-first order exchange reaction kinetics and the QCD gas atmospheric density drop. The proposed QCD gas may be a possible candidate for Einstein’s general theory of relativity ether [3]. Our main results are the derived formulas for calculating the effective mass of the QCD gas and the cosmology perfect fluid equation of state dimensionless parameter, based on the measured ratio of the β decay rates at the earth trajectory aphelion and perihelion dates. . 展开更多
关键词 Nuclear Decay β Decay Rate Variability Atmospheric Density Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Exotic Mesons General Theory of Relativity (GR) ether Dark Energy
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Efficient oxidative deprotection of trimethylsilyl,tetrahydropyranyl and methoxymethyl ethers under solvent-free conditions
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作者 Farhad Shirini Saeideh Saeidi 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第6期676-680,共5页
A mild, efficient and fast method for direct oxidation of trimethylsilyl, tetrahydropyranyl and methoxymethyl ethers to their corresponding carbonyl compounds using trinitratocerium(Ⅳ) bromate (TNCB) supported on... A mild, efficient and fast method for direct oxidation of trimethylsilyl, tetrahydropyranyl and methoxymethyl ethers to their corresponding carbonyl compounds using trinitratocerium(Ⅳ) bromate (TNCB) supported on NaHSO4.H2O under solvent-free conditions is reported. 展开更多
关键词 Oxidative deprotection Trinitratocerium(Ⅳ) bromate Trimethylsilyl ethers Tetrahydropyranyl ethers Methoxymethyl ethers
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STUDY ON ETHERIFICATION OF TERMINAL HYDROXY GROUP OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOALKYL ETHERS
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作者 柳晓 邹宗柏 佘健 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 1994年第1期114-118,共5页
In this paper etherification of the terminal hydroxy group of polyethy-lene glycol monoalkyl ethers is studied and a convenient method for the preporation ofpolyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers is propused. Nine methyl ... In this paper etherification of the terminal hydroxy group of polyethy-lene glycol monoalkyl ethers is studied and a convenient method for the preporation ofpolyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers is propused. Nine methyl , butyl and benzyl deriva-tives are obtained by using Williamson synthetie method. The effect of reaction pa-rameters on the protective ratio is examined by using the optimum seeking method.The protective efficiency is evaluated by cumporing the variation of hydroxy value.The best reaction conditions are found by experiment.It is also found that the protec-tive ratio of methylation is higher than that of butylation while the protective ratio ofbenzylation is the lowest. The protective ratio of AEO9 is equivalant to OP8 and theprotective ratio of AFO3 is much lower. 展开更多
关键词 POLYETHYLENE glycul etherS etherIFICATION ether derivative
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