Objective:The Delphi method was used to propose health effect evaluation indicators to assess foods for special medical purposes(FSMPs).This lays the foundation for the formation of a big data model for human health t...Objective:The Delphi method was used to propose health effect evaluation indicators to assess foods for special medical purposes(FSMPs).This lays the foundation for the formation of a big data model for human health testing,as well as a big data platform for the health and safety evaluation of special medical foods.Methods:The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the constructed FSMP health effect evaluation indicators.Results:Ten major items were identified after two rounds of expert consultation.Among these,there were 10 primary entries,32 secondary entries,50 tertiary entries,and 28 quaternary entries.Conclusion:The complete list of evaluation indicators contains 10 entries,which can comprehensively and systematically monitor adverse reactions to the use of FSMPs.The present findings lay the foundation for a big data platform to evaluate the health and safety of special foods.展开更多
To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and obj...To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.展开更多
A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extr...A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.展开更多
Objective: By constructing a training system of quality evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialist(ENS), we can ensure smooth operations and quality training for ENS.Methods: First, the frame structure of ind...Objective: By constructing a training system of quality evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialist(ENS), we can ensure smooth operations and quality training for ENS.Methods: First, the frame structure of indicators was designed on the basis of system theory and the balanced scorecard method. Meanwhile, corresponding quantitative standard indicators were compiled through literature analysis and a review of training characteristics. Next, screening indicators were collected through consultation with experts and statistical calculations. The indicators weight coefficient was calculated using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). Finally, indicators were validated in two groups of nurses in two different training courses.Results:(1) We created a three-level indicator system: level-Ⅰ dimensions have 4 indicators, while level-Ⅱ dimensions and level-Ⅲ dimensions have 13 and 34 indicators, respectively;(2) The coefficient of expert's judgment is 0.840, familiarity is 0.914 and authority is 0.877, and the three rounds of coordination coefficient are 0.456, 0.553 and 0.715, respectively;(3) There are at least 56 indicators in alternative quantitative standards; and(4) The alpha reliability value of the indicator system in the two training course had no significant difference(P > 0.05). The same result was observed when examining two groups of nurses in one training course(P > 0.05).Conclusions: This study established a training system of quality evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialists that is objective, reliable, easy to operate and representative according to scientific selection and verification. This system can therefore provide a basis for quality evaluation and targeted improvement for ENS training in addition to promoting health.展开更多
The aim of this study was to establish a scientific evaluation system for fruit radish quality. 8 quality indicators were measured for23 varieties,such as Meinong,Qiaotouqing and Chunbulao. The indicators included roo...The aim of this study was to establish a scientific evaluation system for fruit radish quality. 8 quality indicators were measured for23 varieties,such as Meinong,Qiaotouqing and Chunbulao. The indicators included root weight,root shape index,water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate and vitamin C. These data were analyzed by variation correlation analysis,principal component analysis and system cluster analysis. 23 varieties of fruit radish were analyzed by variation correlation; 8 indicators were compressed into 6 integrated variables using principal component analysis. Finally,the main evaluation indicators of fruit radish were determined by using cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that the range of variation coefficient was from 1. 64%-89. 99%. Water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate were the important components of fruit radish quality,playing a major role in the quality. These 8indicators were closely related and relatively independent. Water content was significantly and positively correlated with crispness; soluble solids and crude fiber were significantly and negatively related to vitamin C; crispness was significantly and positively correlated with crude fiber and vitamin C. Based on the above results,4 representative indicators were used for evaluating fruit radish quality,that is water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,which could reflect the most information of fruit radish quality.展开更多
As the largest manufacturing country,China is striving to improve the development quality of its power industry with the goal of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality,in order to sustain its high-quality economic growt...As the largest manufacturing country,China is striving to improve the development quality of its power industry with the goal of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality,in order to sustain its high-quality economic growth.In this regard,it is of importance to reveal both the regional development level of China’s power sector and its characteristics in terms of inspiring the next improvement direction.Motived by this purpose,this paper constructs an evaluation indicator system from three dimensions at the province level based on the connotation of high-quality development of the power industry(HDPI).Next,it calculates the HDPI indexes of 30 provinces and explore their development trend and spatial pattern.The results indicate that the total comprehensive performance of all regions was improved in general in the recent decade,but the spatial distribution characteristics of clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient are different.In the aspects of improvement space in future,not only do actively ameliorate the related management regimes or technical fields so as to improve the corresponding indicators’value,but also passively rely on the macro-development such as China’s urbanization level improvement,technological level improvement,and industrial structure upgrading as usual.展开更多
With the intensi fed impact of human activities,most lakes have been severely disturbed and the lake ecosystem has been seriously damaged,which exerted a great impact on the living envi-ronment of human beings in the ...With the intensi fed impact of human activities,most lakes have been severely disturbed and the lake ecosystem has been seriously damaged,which exerted a great impact on the living envi-ronment of human beings in the lake basins.The health of the lake ecosystem has gradually become one of the hot issues in recent years.In this study,the water resources carrying capacity(WRCC)was used to reveal the chain rel ationship between human activities and water environ-ment in the economic dewelopment of the Dianchi Lake Basin in Kunming City of China during 2005-2015.Specifically,we chose 25 ewaluation indicators related to the water environment and socialeconomic activities,classified them into six subsystems,Le,the driwing force subsystem(D),the water resources si tuation and consumption subsystem(S),the water resources pressure subsystem(P),the water environmental situation subsystem(E),the response subsystem(R),and the management subsystem(M),and built a comprehensive assessment system-DSPERM frame-work model.Si mulated annealing-projection pursuit model which reflects the structure or feature of high-dimensional data was adopted to calculate the WRCC of the Dianchi Lake Basin during 2005-2015 by weighting each evaluation indicator and each subsystem of the DSPERM frame work model.The resuls show that the WRCC of the Dlanchi Lake Basin was in level II(medium carying capacity)from 2005 to 2012.Since 2013,the WRCC has been at level II(strong carying capacity),and from 2005 to 2015,it showed a gradual upward trend.The evaluation indicators of each subsystem varied greatly and exhibited different development trends.The indicators of the water resources pressure subsystem had the greatest impact on the WRCC,followed by the in-dicators of the water environmental si tuation subsystem and the water resources situation and consumption subsystem.We recommend that the DSPERM framework model and the simulated anneal ing-projection pursuit model constructed in this work can be used to analyze the dynamic changes of the WRCC over the years.They have the advantages of practicability and feasibilty,and can provide the basis for the scienti fic decision-making and comprehensive management of regional water environment planning.展开更多
Economically separating 1-propanol(NPA)from water is an emergent issue for producing pharmaceutical intermediates such as n-propyl acetate,n-propylamine and so on.In this work,fourionic liquids(ILs)1-ethyl-3-methylimi...Economically separating 1-propanol(NPA)from water is an emergent issue for producing pharmaceutical intermediates such as n-propyl acetate,n-propylamine and so on.In this work,fourionic liquids(ILs)1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate([EMIM][SCN]),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([BMIM][BF_(4)]),1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulfate([MMIM][MS]),1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate([MMIM][DMP])were introduced as potential entrainers for separating NPA–water azeotropic mixture.The results show that[MMIM][MS]is the most suitable entrainer compared with other ILs from the analysis of vapor-liquid equilibrium and relative volatilities.The extractive distillation process with the entrainer regeneration system of flash tank and stripper was employed and optimized by the two-step optimization method.The results show that total annual cost and energy consumption per product flow rate were reduced by 39.79%and 60.47%compared with literature.In addition,the efficiency indicator of extractive section,efficiency indicator of per tray in extractive section,carbon dioxide emissions were also selected as the evaluation index for selection of operating parameters and calculated for different cases.The CO_(2)emissions of the optimal design can be reduced by 60.98%from environmental aspect.展开更多
The hospitality spirit of tourism destination is one of the sources of destination comparative advantage,and it is also an important factor affecting the quality of destination products.From the perspective of tourist...The hospitality spirit of tourism destination is one of the sources of destination comparative advantage,and it is also an important factor affecting the quality of destination products.From the perspective of tourists’ perception,analytic hierarchy process is used to construct the evaluation model of residents’ hospitality in tourism destination from two aspects:the behavioral expression of individual hospitality and the atmosphere performance of social hospitality.The research could provide reference basis for managers evaluating the hospitality of residents in tourism destinations.展开更多
Objective:This research aims to develop a more scientific and reasonable performance evaluation indicator system for the implementation of an essential drug system in community health service institutions.Methods:The ...Objective:This research aims to develop a more scientific and reasonable performance evaluation indicator system for the implementation of an essential drug system in community health service institutions.Methods:The Delphi method was used to establish an indicator system based on three rounds of expert consultations,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to determine the weights of the indicators.Results:The participation in the three rounds of consultations were 100%(10/10),90%(18/20),and 85%(17/20),which showed that the experts had real enthusiasm for participating in this research.The authority coefficients of the first-,second-,and third-level indicators were 0.75,0.76,and 0.76,respectively,which showed that the consultation results were dependable.The concordance coefficients of the second and third rounds were 0.489 and 0.487,respectively(P<0.001),indicating that the expert opinions were highly consistent.The performance evaluation indicator system consisted of three first-level indicators(supporting,implementation,and effect indicators),nine second-level indicators,and 21 third-level indicators.Conclusion:In this new performance evaluation indicator system,the selected experts were representative,the consultation results were dependable,the constructed evaluation indicator system was reasonable,and the setting of weights was scientific.展开更多
In 2022,a campaign to select and recognize 10 most influential heavy rain events(HREs)in China was initiated by the Chinese Meteorological Society and Wuhan Heavy Rain Research Institute of the China Meteorological Ad...In 2022,a campaign to select and recognize 10 most influential heavy rain events(HREs)in China was initiated by the Chinese Meteorological Society and Wuhan Heavy Rain Research Institute of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA).A work flow involving both scientists and the general public for selecting major HREs over the Chinese mainland was implemented,and several evaluation indices that can represent HREs as well as associated causality and economic losses were established,based on which the top 10 most influential HREs in 2022 were recognized and announced to the public.The present paper introduces the selection and evaluation process and summarizes the main results.It is found that 38 major HREs occurred in South,North,and Northeast China in 2022,with the Pearl River basin and Songliao basin experiencing severe floods.A number of HREs occurred in Southwest China with high rainfall intensity,but small cumulative amount.Upper-level troughs,low vortices,low-level jets,low-level shear lines,the subtropical high,and typhoons are the main weather systems leading to the top 10 most influential HREs in 2022.Selection and evaluation of HREs form a quantitative record of major HREs,help concentrate limited research efforts on investigating the causes of major HREs,and promote the improvement of HRE forecasting skills.展开更多
With the emergence of the loT era,wireless sensor networks will be more and more widely used.In addition to collecting,transmitting and processing simple data such as humidity,temperature and density of the dome,they ...With the emergence of the loT era,wireless sensor networks will be more and more widely used.In addition to collecting,transmitting and processing simple data such as humidity,temperature and density of the dome,they can also provide multimedia information services such as video and images.It enables more comprehensive and accurate environmental monitoring.Therefore,MSDs have a huge demand in military,daily,forestry,biomedicine and other fields.The intensive city model has obvious advantages in meeting people's diverse needs and comfortable life.Most obviously,it speeds up the rhythm of life for residents,thereby increasing efficiency and saving time.Starting from this aspect,this paper conducts a research on the evaluation index system of public built on the following areas of open space loT and mental health.In this paper,the GRNN neural network model is constructed,the mean condition is calculated,the density function can be estimated,the network output,and the schematic diagram of the generalized regression neural network is improved.Using the established system,the index in 2018 is selected as the base year,and after transformation,the standardized values of the past years are formed,which are substituted into the cells to form different matrices.The value of each cell is counted to obtain the subsystem coordination degree,and the global coordination degree is obtained through calculation.The evaluation results of ecological civilization construction and development in 2018 and 2019,2020 and 2021 were compared.The experimental data shows that compared with 2018,economic development will change from 1 to 2.000,social harmony will change from 1 to 2.480,ecological health will decrease to 0.850,environmental friendliness will decrease to 0.750,and comprehensive evaluation will decrease to 0.513.This shows that while the economy is developing this year,the construction of ecological civilization has been gradually carried out,and good results have been achieved.This reflects the effectiveness of the system.The subject of the evaluation index system of green public open space based on the Internet of Things and mental health has been well completed.展开更多
In recent years,with the support of national policies,Cross Border E-Commerce(CBEC)has developed rapidly.This business model not only brings significant benefits to the national economy,but also has many unique challe...In recent years,with the support of national policies,Cross Border E-Commerce(CBEC)has developed rapidly.This business model not only brings significant benefits to the national economy,but also has many unique challenges,especially at the level of supply chain management.Therefore,to enable CBEC enterprises to develop sustainable supply chain,this study discusses the performance evaluation model of supply chain and proposes a CBEC Supply Chain Performance Evaluation Model(CBECSC-EM)based on the Levenberg–Marquardt Backpropagation(LMBP)algorithm.This experiment constructs performance evaluation indicators for the supply chain of CBEC enterprises.On this basis,the LMBP algorithm is introduced,and improved in the experiment to make the overall performance of the evaluation model more scientific and reasonable.In the verification set,the maximum F1 values of LMBP,DEA,SBM,and BP are 98.46%,93.78%,87.29%,and 78.95%,respectively.The MAPE value of LMBP model is 0.102%,which is lower than the other three methods(0.282%,0.343%,and 0.385%)selected in the experiment.The maximum standard deviation rates of importance and operability of the evaluation indexes are 0.1346 and 0.1405,respectively,and there is a significant consistency between the expert scores.Therefore,the LMBP algorithm has broad application prospects in supply chain performance evaluation of CBEC enterprises.展开更多
Large space circular coal storage dome(LSCCSD)offers an environmental and dependable alternative to open stockpiles,and it has been consequently widely applied in China.However,due to the lack of scientific guidelines...Large space circular coal storage dome(LSCCSD)offers an environmental and dependable alternative to open stockpiles,and it has been consequently widely applied in China.However,due to the lack of scientific guidelines,its natural ventilation performance is lower than expected.Natural ventilation potential strongly depends on the roof geometry and opening mode,which have not yet been investigated for LSCCSD.This paper presents a detailed evaluation of the impact of dome geometry(rise span ratio),opening height,and opening modes on the ventilation performance of LSCCSD.The evaluation is based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods and is validated by available wind tunnel testing.We employed three evaluation indicators,which are wind pressure coefficient,effective ventilation rate,and wind speed ratio.The results demonstrate that the rise span ratio has a significant effect on the wind pressure difference and the effective ventilation rate increases by approximately 9%–42%with a single-annular opening.When double-annular openings are set in a strong positive pressure zone,the effective ventilation rate increases by 100%and the average wind speed ratio increases by 50%.When it is compared with single one with similar opening height,the effective ventilation rate increases by 25%.The optimum natural ventilation performance for LSCCSD is achieved at a rise span ratio of 0.37.In addition,the lateral middle opening is kept higher than the ridge top of the coal pile.The proposed evaluation approach and design parameters provided instructive information in the building design and ventilation control for LSCCSDs.展开更多
The performances of semisupervised clustering for unlabeled data are often superior to those of unsupervised learning,which indicates that semantic information attached to clusters can significantly improve feature re...The performances of semisupervised clustering for unlabeled data are often superior to those of unsupervised learning,which indicates that semantic information attached to clusters can significantly improve feature representation capability.In a graph convolutional network(GCN),each node contains information about itself and its neighbors that is beneficial to common and unique features among samples.Combining these findings,we propose a deep clustering method based on GCN and semantic feature guidance(GFDC) in which a deep convolutional network is used as a feature generator,and a GCN with a softmax layer performs clustering assignment.First,the diversity and amount of input information are enhanced to generate highly useful representations for downstream tasks.Subsequently,the topological graph is constructed to express the spatial relationship of features.For a pair of datasets,feature correspondence constraints are used to regularize clustering loss,and clustering outputs are iteratively optimized.Three external evaluation indicators,i.e.,clustering accuracy,normalized mutual information,and the adjusted Rand index,and an internal indicator,i.e., the Davidson-Bouldin index(DBI),are employed to evaluate clustering performances.Experimental results on eight public datasets show that the GFDC algorithm is significantly better than the majority of competitive clustering methods,i.e.,its clustering accuracy is20% higher than the best clustering method on the United States Postal Service dataset.The GFDC algorithm also has the highest accuracy on the smaller Amazon and Caltech datasets.Moreover,DBI indicates the dispersion of cluster distribution and compactness within the cluster.展开更多
Voltage regulation based upon cyber systems has been extensively used with the development of cyber-physical systems.Still,cyber failure may result in controlling failure,which inevitably has an effect on the overall ...Voltage regulation based upon cyber systems has been extensively used with the development of cyber-physical systems.Still,cyber failure may result in controlling failure,which inevitably has an effect on the overall voltage performance of distribution networks.In order to access the influence of a cyber fault on voltage regulation,a cyber system validity model considering cyber soft failure is proposed.The analytical approach of voltage fluctuation and measurement indices of voltage fluctuation are also developed.Based on a simulation of a IEEE 33-bus system,the proposed model is proved to simulate the voltage regulation process taking cyber soft failure into consideration.Each influence of different fault factors is analyzed,which provides practical technical support for the planning and operation of the distribution system.This paper provides strategies for the research into cyber fault of distribution networks,which has critical significance along with follow-up value.展开更多
Stratified air distribution(STRAD)systems have been intensively investigated in recent decades for their energy-saving potential and good indoor air quality performance.However,the evaluation indices used to optimize ...Stratified air distribution(STRAD)systems have been intensively investigated in recent decades for their energy-saving potential and good indoor air quality performance.However,the evaluation indices used to optimize STRAD systems and the normalization methods for weight calculation vary from one research to another.This study aims to investigate the impacts of evaluation indices on the optimal return vent height of a room cooled by an impinging jet ventilation system(one type of STRAD system).The effects of several widely used normalization methods(i.e.,vector normalization,sum normalization,min-max normalization,and no normalization)on indices weights are investigated.The evaluation indices are cooling coil load(Q_(coil)),energy-saving potential(ΔQ_(coil)),mean age of air(MAA),CO_(2) mass fraction,temperature difference between the head and ankles(ΔT_(0.1-1.1)),predicted mean vote(PMV),predicted percentage of dissatisfied(PPD),and draft rate(DR).The multi-criteria optimization method is the entropy-based technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(E-TOPSIS).As a result,the min-max normalization method evens the weight of each index and results in unreasonable relative weights.Consequently,the raw matrix(i.e.,the normalization is omitted)is suggested for weight calculation.Among these indices,ΔT_(0.1-1.1) and PPD play critical roles.WithoutΔT_(0.1-1.1),the optimal return vent height changes from mid-level to near-floor,while without PPD,it changes to near-ceiling.Another important result is that the Q_(coil) plays the most trivial role,followed by MAA and DR.Therefore,the optimal return vent height is not determined by energy-saving performance but by performances of thermal comfort.展开更多
Personalized recommender systems provide various personalized recommendations for different users through the analysis of their respective historical data.Currently,the problem of the“filter bubble”which has to do w...Personalized recommender systems provide various personalized recommendations for different users through the analysis of their respective historical data.Currently,the problem of the“filter bubble”which has to do with over-specialization persists.Serendipity(SRDP),one of the evaluation indicators,can provide users with unexpected and useful recommendations,and help to successfully mitigate the filter bubble problem,and enhance users’satisfaction levels and provide them with diverse recommendations.Since SRDP is highly subjective and challenging to study,only a few studies have focused on it in recent years.In this study,the research results on SRDP were summarized,the various definitions of SRDP and its applications were discussed,the specific SRDP calculation process from qualitative to quantitative perspectives was presented,the challenges and the development directions were outlined to provide a framework for further research.展开更多
Based on the related theories and research results of learning behavioral engagement,this study constructed an evaluation framework of learning behavioral engagement in live teaching,which included 24 indicators in th...Based on the related theories and research results of learning behavioral engagement,this study constructed an evaluation framework of learning behavioral engagement in live teaching,which included 24 indicators in three dimensions:compliance with norms,learning participation and social participation.A small-class live English learning for younger students on the ClassIn was taken as a case study program.Five younger students attended this English learning course of 16 lessons totaling 950 minutes.The preset indicators were preliminarily examined based on the teaching records and the recorded course data.Then,experts in the field of educational technology were invited to develop the learning behavioral engagement dimensions and indicator weightings by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process,and to determine the evaluation indicator system for the evaluation of learning behavioral engagement.Finally,based on this framework,the characteristics of learning behavioral engagement of the case course were analyzed,and the influences of students’individual factors,teaching and environmental factors on learning behavioral engagement in live teaching were investigated.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1606400).
文摘Objective:The Delphi method was used to propose health effect evaluation indicators to assess foods for special medical purposes(FSMPs).This lays the foundation for the formation of a big data model for human health testing,as well as a big data platform for the health and safety evaluation of special medical foods.Methods:The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the constructed FSMP health effect evaluation indicators.Results:Ten major items were identified after two rounds of expert consultation.Among these,there were 10 primary entries,32 secondary entries,50 tertiary entries,and 28 quaternary entries.Conclusion:The complete list of evaluation indicators contains 10 entries,which can comprehensively and systematically monitor adverse reactions to the use of FSMPs.The present findings lay the foundation for a big data platform to evaluate the health and safety of special foods.
基金support of the project“State Grid Corporation Headquarters Science and Technology Program(5108-202299258A-1-0-ZB)”.
文摘To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51378417)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13089)PhD Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
文摘A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.
基金supported by the nursing special items of Health and Family Planning Commission Research Fund in Hubei province(No.HL2012-15)
文摘Objective: By constructing a training system of quality evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialist(ENS), we can ensure smooth operations and quality training for ENS.Methods: First, the frame structure of indicators was designed on the basis of system theory and the balanced scorecard method. Meanwhile, corresponding quantitative standard indicators were compiled through literature analysis and a review of training characteristics. Next, screening indicators were collected through consultation with experts and statistical calculations. The indicators weight coefficient was calculated using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). Finally, indicators were validated in two groups of nurses in two different training courses.Results:(1) We created a three-level indicator system: level-Ⅰ dimensions have 4 indicators, while level-Ⅱ dimensions and level-Ⅲ dimensions have 13 and 34 indicators, respectively;(2) The coefficient of expert's judgment is 0.840, familiarity is 0.914 and authority is 0.877, and the three rounds of coordination coefficient are 0.456, 0.553 and 0.715, respectively;(3) There are at least 56 indicators in alternative quantitative standards; and(4) The alpha reliability value of the indicator system in the two training course had no significant difference(P > 0.05). The same result was observed when examining two groups of nurses in one training course(P > 0.05).Conclusions: This study established a training system of quality evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialists that is objective, reliable, easy to operate and representative according to scientific selection and verification. This system can therefore provide a basis for quality evaluation and targeted improvement for ENS training in addition to promoting health.
基金Supported by the Second Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Project in Hubei Province
文摘The aim of this study was to establish a scientific evaluation system for fruit radish quality. 8 quality indicators were measured for23 varieties,such as Meinong,Qiaotouqing and Chunbulao. The indicators included root weight,root shape index,water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate and vitamin C. These data were analyzed by variation correlation analysis,principal component analysis and system cluster analysis. 23 varieties of fruit radish were analyzed by variation correlation; 8 indicators were compressed into 6 integrated variables using principal component analysis. Finally,the main evaluation indicators of fruit radish were determined by using cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that the range of variation coefficient was from 1. 64%-89. 99%. Water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate were the important components of fruit radish quality,playing a major role in the quality. These 8indicators were closely related and relatively independent. Water content was significantly and positively correlated with crispness; soluble solids and crude fiber were significantly and negatively related to vitamin C; crispness was significantly and positively correlated with crude fiber and vitamin C. Based on the above results,4 representative indicators were used for evaluating fruit radish quality,that is water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,which could reflect the most information of fruit radish quality.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number.71673034]Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China[Grant number.2021M692654]+1 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province[Grant number.2020JQ282]Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province[Grant number.2020R042].
文摘As the largest manufacturing country,China is striving to improve the development quality of its power industry with the goal of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality,in order to sustain its high-quality economic growth.In this regard,it is of importance to reveal both the regional development level of China’s power sector and its characteristics in terms of inspiring the next improvement direction.Motived by this purpose,this paper constructs an evaluation indicator system from three dimensions at the province level based on the connotation of high-quality development of the power industry(HDPI).Next,it calculates the HDPI indexes of 30 provinces and explore their development trend and spatial pattern.The results indicate that the total comprehensive performance of all regions was improved in general in the recent decade,but the spatial distribution characteristics of clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient are different.In the aspects of improvement space in future,not only do actively ameliorate the related management regimes or technical fields so as to improve the corresponding indicators’value,but also passively rely on the macro-development such as China’s urbanization level improvement,technological level improvement,and industrial structure upgrading as usual.
基金This research was supported by the National Social Sciance Foundation of China(20&ZD091)the Sciance and Technology Department Project of Sichuan Province,China(21 RICX0358,2019JDJQ0006)the Social Science Planning Project of Sichuan Province,China(SC18B027).
文摘With the intensi fed impact of human activities,most lakes have been severely disturbed and the lake ecosystem has been seriously damaged,which exerted a great impact on the living envi-ronment of human beings in the lake basins.The health of the lake ecosystem has gradually become one of the hot issues in recent years.In this study,the water resources carrying capacity(WRCC)was used to reveal the chain rel ationship between human activities and water environ-ment in the economic dewelopment of the Dianchi Lake Basin in Kunming City of China during 2005-2015.Specifically,we chose 25 ewaluation indicators related to the water environment and socialeconomic activities,classified them into six subsystems,Le,the driwing force subsystem(D),the water resources si tuation and consumption subsystem(S),the water resources pressure subsystem(P),the water environmental situation subsystem(E),the response subsystem(R),and the management subsystem(M),and built a comprehensive assessment system-DSPERM frame-work model.Si mulated annealing-projection pursuit model which reflects the structure or feature of high-dimensional data was adopted to calculate the WRCC of the Dianchi Lake Basin during 2005-2015 by weighting each evaluation indicator and each subsystem of the DSPERM frame work model.The resuls show that the WRCC of the Dlanchi Lake Basin was in level II(medium carying capacity)from 2005 to 2012.Since 2013,the WRCC has been at level II(strong carying capacity),and from 2005 to 2015,it showed a gradual upward trend.The evaluation indicators of each subsystem varied greatly and exhibited different development trends.The indicators of the water resources pressure subsystem had the greatest impact on the WRCC,followed by the in-dicators of the water environmental si tuation subsystem and the water resources situation and consumption subsystem.We recommend that the DSPERM framework model and the simulated anneal ing-projection pursuit model constructed in this work can be used to analyze the dynamic changes of the WRCC over the years.They have the advantages of practicability and feasibilty,and can provide the basis for the scienti fic decision-making and comprehensive management of regional water environment planning.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2021J01641)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706062)the Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Fuzhou University,China(GXRC-18073)。
文摘Economically separating 1-propanol(NPA)from water is an emergent issue for producing pharmaceutical intermediates such as n-propyl acetate,n-propylamine and so on.In this work,fourionic liquids(ILs)1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate([EMIM][SCN]),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([BMIM][BF_(4)]),1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulfate([MMIM][MS]),1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate([MMIM][DMP])were introduced as potential entrainers for separating NPA–water azeotropic mixture.The results show that[MMIM][MS]is the most suitable entrainer compared with other ILs from the analysis of vapor-liquid equilibrium and relative volatilities.The extractive distillation process with the entrainer regeneration system of flash tank and stripper was employed and optimized by the two-step optimization method.The results show that total annual cost and energy consumption per product flow rate were reduced by 39.79%and 60.47%compared with literature.In addition,the efficiency indicator of extractive section,efficiency indicator of per tray in extractive section,carbon dioxide emissions were also selected as the evaluation index for selection of operating parameters and calculated for different cases.The CO_(2)emissions of the optimal design can be reduced by 60.98%from environmental aspect.
基金Sponsored by the Soft Science Research Program of Shandong Provincial Key R&D Plan(2020RKB01081)。
文摘The hospitality spirit of tourism destination is one of the sources of destination comparative advantage,and it is also an important factor affecting the quality of destination products.From the perspective of tourists’ perception,analytic hierarchy process is used to construct the evaluation model of residents’ hospitality in tourism destination from two aspects:the behavioral expression of individual hospitality and the atmosphere performance of social hospitality.The research could provide reference basis for managers evaluating the hospitality of residents in tourism destinations.
基金the“Research on Performance Evaluation of Chinese Community Health Service Institutions’Implementation of Essential Medicine System”supported by National Natural Science Foundation[71103130]。
文摘Objective:This research aims to develop a more scientific and reasonable performance evaluation indicator system for the implementation of an essential drug system in community health service institutions.Methods:The Delphi method was used to establish an indicator system based on three rounds of expert consultations,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to determine the weights of the indicators.Results:The participation in the three rounds of consultations were 100%(10/10),90%(18/20),and 85%(17/20),which showed that the experts had real enthusiasm for participating in this research.The authority coefficients of the first-,second-,and third-level indicators were 0.75,0.76,and 0.76,respectively,which showed that the consultation results were dependable.The concordance coefficients of the second and third rounds were 0.489 and 0.487,respectively(P<0.001),indicating that the expert opinions were highly consistent.The performance evaluation indicator system consisted of three first-level indicators(supporting,implementation,and effect indicators),nine second-level indicators,and 21 third-level indicators.Conclusion:In this new performance evaluation indicator system,the selected experts were representative,the consultation results were dependable,the constructed evaluation indicator system was reasonable,and the setting of weights was scientific.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230612)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3007702)+2 种基金Hubei Natural Science Foundation(2022CFD120)Innovation and Development Project of China Meteorological Administration(CXFZ2022J010)Open Project Fund of CMA Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory(2023BHR-Y19)。
文摘In 2022,a campaign to select and recognize 10 most influential heavy rain events(HREs)in China was initiated by the Chinese Meteorological Society and Wuhan Heavy Rain Research Institute of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA).A work flow involving both scientists and the general public for selecting major HREs over the Chinese mainland was implemented,and several evaluation indices that can represent HREs as well as associated causality and economic losses were established,based on which the top 10 most influential HREs in 2022 were recognized and announced to the public.The present paper introduces the selection and evaluation process and summarizes the main results.It is found that 38 major HREs occurred in South,North,and Northeast China in 2022,with the Pearl River basin and Songliao basin experiencing severe floods.A number of HREs occurred in Southwest China with high rainfall intensity,but small cumulative amount.Upper-level troughs,low vortices,low-level jets,low-level shear lines,the subtropical high,and typhoons are the main weather systems leading to the top 10 most influential HREs in 2022.Selection and evaluation of HREs form a quantitative record of major HREs,help concentrate limited research efforts on investigating the causes of major HREs,and promote the improvement of HRE forecasting skills.
文摘With the emergence of the loT era,wireless sensor networks will be more and more widely used.In addition to collecting,transmitting and processing simple data such as humidity,temperature and density of the dome,they can also provide multimedia information services such as video and images.It enables more comprehensive and accurate environmental monitoring.Therefore,MSDs have a huge demand in military,daily,forestry,biomedicine and other fields.The intensive city model has obvious advantages in meeting people's diverse needs and comfortable life.Most obviously,it speeds up the rhythm of life for residents,thereby increasing efficiency and saving time.Starting from this aspect,this paper conducts a research on the evaluation index system of public built on the following areas of open space loT and mental health.In this paper,the GRNN neural network model is constructed,the mean condition is calculated,the density function can be estimated,the network output,and the schematic diagram of the generalized regression neural network is improved.Using the established system,the index in 2018 is selected as the base year,and after transformation,the standardized values of the past years are formed,which are substituted into the cells to form different matrices.The value of each cell is counted to obtain the subsystem coordination degree,and the global coordination degree is obtained through calculation.The evaluation results of ecological civilization construction and development in 2018 and 2019,2020 and 2021 were compared.The experimental data shows that compared with 2018,economic development will change from 1 to 2.000,social harmony will change from 1 to 2.480,ecological health will decrease to 0.850,environmental friendliness will decrease to 0.750,and comprehensive evaluation will decrease to 0.513.This shows that while the economy is developing this year,the construction of ecological civilization has been gradually carried out,and good results have been achieved.This reflects the effectiveness of the system.The subject of the evaluation index system of green public open space based on the Internet of Things and mental health has been well completed.
文摘In recent years,with the support of national policies,Cross Border E-Commerce(CBEC)has developed rapidly.This business model not only brings significant benefits to the national economy,but also has many unique challenges,especially at the level of supply chain management.Therefore,to enable CBEC enterprises to develop sustainable supply chain,this study discusses the performance evaluation model of supply chain and proposes a CBEC Supply Chain Performance Evaluation Model(CBECSC-EM)based on the Levenberg–Marquardt Backpropagation(LMBP)algorithm.This experiment constructs performance evaluation indicators for the supply chain of CBEC enterprises.On this basis,the LMBP algorithm is introduced,and improved in the experiment to make the overall performance of the evaluation model more scientific and reasonable.In the verification set,the maximum F1 values of LMBP,DEA,SBM,and BP are 98.46%,93.78%,87.29%,and 78.95%,respectively.The MAPE value of LMBP model is 0.102%,which is lower than the other three methods(0.282%,0.343%,and 0.385%)selected in the experiment.The maximum standard deviation rates of importance and operability of the evaluation indexes are 0.1346 and 0.1405,respectively,and there is a significant consistency between the expert scores.Therefore,the LMBP algorithm has broad application prospects in supply chain performance evaluation of CBEC enterprises.
文摘Large space circular coal storage dome(LSCCSD)offers an environmental and dependable alternative to open stockpiles,and it has been consequently widely applied in China.However,due to the lack of scientific guidelines,its natural ventilation performance is lower than expected.Natural ventilation potential strongly depends on the roof geometry and opening mode,which have not yet been investigated for LSCCSD.This paper presents a detailed evaluation of the impact of dome geometry(rise span ratio),opening height,and opening modes on the ventilation performance of LSCCSD.The evaluation is based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods and is validated by available wind tunnel testing.We employed three evaluation indicators,which are wind pressure coefficient,effective ventilation rate,and wind speed ratio.The results demonstrate that the rise span ratio has a significant effect on the wind pressure difference and the effective ventilation rate increases by approximately 9%–42%with a single-annular opening.When double-annular openings are set in a strong positive pressure zone,the effective ventilation rate increases by 100%and the average wind speed ratio increases by 50%.When it is compared with single one with similar opening height,the effective ventilation rate increases by 25%.The optimum natural ventilation performance for LSCCSD is achieved at a rise span ratio of 0.37.In addition,the lateral middle opening is kept higher than the ridge top of the coal pile.The proposed evaluation approach and design parameters provided instructive information in the building design and ventilation control for LSCCSDs.
基金supported by the Hebei Province Introduction of Studying Abroad Talent Funded Project (No. C20200302)the Opening Fund of Hebei Key Laboratory of Machine Learning and Computational Intelligence (Nos. 2019-2021-A and ZZ201909-202109-1)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61976141)the Social Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No. HB20TQ005)。
文摘The performances of semisupervised clustering for unlabeled data are often superior to those of unsupervised learning,which indicates that semantic information attached to clusters can significantly improve feature representation capability.In a graph convolutional network(GCN),each node contains information about itself and its neighbors that is beneficial to common and unique features among samples.Combining these findings,we propose a deep clustering method based on GCN and semantic feature guidance(GFDC) in which a deep convolutional network is used as a feature generator,and a GCN with a softmax layer performs clustering assignment.First,the diversity and amount of input information are enhanced to generate highly useful representations for downstream tasks.Subsequently,the topological graph is constructed to express the spatial relationship of features.For a pair of datasets,feature correspondence constraints are used to regularize clustering loss,and clustering outputs are iteratively optimized.Three external evaluation indicators,i.e.,clustering accuracy,normalized mutual information,and the adjusted Rand index,and an internal indicator,i.e., the Davidson-Bouldin index(DBI),are employed to evaluate clustering performances.Experimental results on eight public datasets show that the GFDC algorithm is significantly better than the majority of competitive clustering methods,i.e.,its clustering accuracy is20% higher than the best clustering method on the United States Postal Service dataset.The GFDC algorithm also has the highest accuracy on the smaller Amazon and Caltech datasets.Moreover,DBI indicates the dispersion of cluster distribution and compactness within the cluster.
文摘Voltage regulation based upon cyber systems has been extensively used with the development of cyber-physical systems.Still,cyber failure may result in controlling failure,which inevitably has an effect on the overall voltage performance of distribution networks.In order to access the influence of a cyber fault on voltage regulation,a cyber system validity model considering cyber soft failure is proposed.The analytical approach of voltage fluctuation and measurement indices of voltage fluctuation are also developed.Based on a simulation of a IEEE 33-bus system,the proposed model is proved to simulate the voltage regulation process taking cyber soft failure into consideration.Each influence of different fault factors is analyzed,which provides practical technical support for the planning and operation of the distribution system.This paper provides strategies for the research into cyber fault of distribution networks,which has critical significance along with follow-up value.
基金This research is supported by Teaching Development Grant(PJ#6000738)Strategic Research Grant(PJ#7005679),City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR.The authors thank Dr.Kobayashi from Osaka City University for his kindly sharing of experimental data.
文摘Stratified air distribution(STRAD)systems have been intensively investigated in recent decades for their energy-saving potential and good indoor air quality performance.However,the evaluation indices used to optimize STRAD systems and the normalization methods for weight calculation vary from one research to another.This study aims to investigate the impacts of evaluation indices on the optimal return vent height of a room cooled by an impinging jet ventilation system(one type of STRAD system).The effects of several widely used normalization methods(i.e.,vector normalization,sum normalization,min-max normalization,and no normalization)on indices weights are investigated.The evaluation indices are cooling coil load(Q_(coil)),energy-saving potential(ΔQ_(coil)),mean age of air(MAA),CO_(2) mass fraction,temperature difference between the head and ankles(ΔT_(0.1-1.1)),predicted mean vote(PMV),predicted percentage of dissatisfied(PPD),and draft rate(DR).The multi-criteria optimization method is the entropy-based technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(E-TOPSIS).As a result,the min-max normalization method evens the weight of each index and results in unreasonable relative weights.Consequently,the raw matrix(i.e.,the normalization is omitted)is suggested for weight calculation.Among these indices,ΔT_(0.1-1.1) and PPD play critical roles.WithoutΔT_(0.1-1.1),the optimal return vent height changes from mid-level to near-floor,while without PPD,it changes to near-ceiling.Another important result is that the Q_(coil) plays the most trivial role,followed by MAA and DR.Therefore,the optimal return vent height is not determined by energy-saving performance but by performances of thermal comfort.
文摘Personalized recommender systems provide various personalized recommendations for different users through the analysis of their respective historical data.Currently,the problem of the“filter bubble”which has to do with over-specialization persists.Serendipity(SRDP),one of the evaluation indicators,can provide users with unexpected and useful recommendations,and help to successfully mitigate the filter bubble problem,and enhance users’satisfaction levels and provide them with diverse recommendations.Since SRDP is highly subjective and challenging to study,only a few studies have focused on it in recent years.In this study,the research results on SRDP were summarized,the various definitions of SRDP and its applications were discussed,the specific SRDP calculation process from qualitative to quantitative perspectives was presented,the challenges and the development directions were outlined to provide a framework for further research.
基金This article results from Year 2019 project“Online Learning Engagement Analysis Technology and Evaluation Model Based on Three-Layer Space Multidimensional Time Features”(Project No.:61977011)sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)+1 种基金from Year 2019 standard pre-research project“Online Course Elements and Evaluation Indicators Based on National Distance Education Public Service System”(Project No.:CELTS-201902)funded by China e-Learning Technology Standardization Committee(CELTSC).
文摘Based on the related theories and research results of learning behavioral engagement,this study constructed an evaluation framework of learning behavioral engagement in live teaching,which included 24 indicators in three dimensions:compliance with norms,learning participation and social participation.A small-class live English learning for younger students on the ClassIn was taken as a case study program.Five younger students attended this English learning course of 16 lessons totaling 950 minutes.The preset indicators were preliminarily examined based on the teaching records and the recorded course data.Then,experts in the field of educational technology were invited to develop the learning behavioral engagement dimensions and indicator weightings by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process,and to determine the evaluation indicator system for the evaluation of learning behavioral engagement.Finally,based on this framework,the characteristics of learning behavioral engagement of the case course were analyzed,and the influences of students’individual factors,teaching and environmental factors on learning behavioral engagement in live teaching were investigated.
