Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and bra...Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma,has attracted growing attention due to its high mortality and disability rates.Understanding the infectious routes of neurotropic viruses and the mechanism underlying the host immune response is critical to reduce viral spread and improve antiviral therapy outcomes.In this review,we summarize the common categories of neurotropic viruses,viral transmission routes in the body,host immune responses,and experimental animal models used for VE study to gain a deeper understanding of recent progress in the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms under neurotropic viral infection.This review should provide valuable resources and perspectives on how to cope with pandemic infections.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse ...Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route(SMD[95%CI]=-2.59[-3.25 to-1.94],P=0.0001,I^(2)=74.4%).The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route(SMD[95%CI]=4.80[1.84 to 7.76],P=0.027,I^(2)=79.6%).Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types,modifications,transplanted cell numbe rs,and delivery methods for these protocols.展开更多
At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal ...At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare outcomes.Existing behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative outcomes.But welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to positive.In this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human animals.The proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological markers.We also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel stent manufactured by metal injection molding(MIM)in clinical practice through animal experiments.Vessel stents were prepared using powder injection m...This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel stent manufactured by metal injection molding(MIM)in clinical practice through animal experiments.Vessel stents were prepared using powder injection molding technology to considerably improve material utilization.The influence of MIM carbon impurity variation on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel was studied.In vitro cytotoxicity and animal transplantation tests were also carried out to evaluate the safety of MIM stents.The results showed that the performance of 316L stainless steel was very sensitive to the carbon content.Carbon fluctuations should be precisely controlled during MIM.All MIM stents were successfully implanted into the aortas of the dogs,and the MIM 316L stents had no significant cytotoxicity.The novel intravascular stent manufactured using MIM can maintain a stable form and structure with fast endothelialization of the luminal surface of the stent and ensure long-term patency in an animal model.The novel intravascular stent manufactured using MIM demonstrates favorable structural,physical,and chemical stability,as well as biocompatibility,offering promising application in clinical practice.展开更多
Preparation of the temporal bone for light microscopy is an important step in histological studies of the inner ear. Due to the complexity of structures of the inner ear, it is difficult to measure or compare structur...Preparation of the temporal bone for light microscopy is an important step in histological studies of the inner ear. Due to the complexity of structures of the inner ear, it is difficult to measure or compare structures of interest without a commonly accepted standardized measure of temporal bone sections. Therefore, standardization of temporal bone sections is very important for histological assessment of sensory hair cells and peripheral ganglion neurons in the cochlear and vestibular systems. The standardized temporal bone sectioning is oriented to a plane parallel to the outer and internal auditory canals. Sections are collected from the epitympanum to the hypotympanum to reveal layers in the order of the crista ampullaris of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, macula utriculi and macula sacculi, superior vestibular ganglion neurons, macula of saccule and inferior vestibular ganglion neurons, cochlear modiolus, endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac, and finally the crista ampullaris of the posterior semicircular canal. Moreover, technical details of preparing for temporal bone sectioning including fixation, decalcification, whole temporal bone staining, embedding penetration, and embedding orientation are also discussed.展开更多
AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pig...AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pigs and in vivo experiments in 20 living pigs were conducted.RESULTS In in vitro experiments,a negative pressure of>0.06MPa was necessary for optimal visualization of the intestine,and this pressure did not cause gross or histological damage to the mucosa.For satisfactory examination of the small intestine in vivo,higher negative pressure(>1.00 MPa)was required.Despite this higher pressure,the small intestine did not show any gross or microscopic damage in the suctioned areas.The average time of examination in the living animals was 60±7.67 min.The animals did not experience any apparent ill effects from the procedure.CONCLUSION Small intestine endoscope was safely performed within a reasonable time period and enabled complete visualization of the intestine in most cases.展开更多
Objective： The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection an...Objective： The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection and IV infusion in animal experimentation to hone the core professional nursing competencies. Methods： Two classes from the 2012 senior graduating nursing class were randomly selected by a computer to conduct the diversified practical teaching methods based on animal experimentation. A hospital environment was simulated by requiring students to perform different types of injections and practical IV infusion techniques. A comprehensive evaluation of the core professional competencies, as well as other integrated competencies, was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the teaching methods. Results： Two-sampled, pairwise u-tests were performed between the scores of the experimental （nursing class 2） and control （nursing class 1） groups. These findings showed that the overall test scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group and that the average P-values for the competencies in various categories were 〈0.01, which indicated statistically significant results. Conclusions： Based on the data from this project, diversified teaching methods for basic nursing training founded on animal experimentation can help nursing students perfect their core professional competencies and improve their overall professional standing. The introduction of animal experimentation requires further verification, and an increased acknowledgement of its benefits through the widespread dissemination of this information.展开更多
Titanium rods were processed into implant samples with cavity and groove in which was filled with HAP/β-TCP porous osteoconduction composite materials in order to increase the mechanical stability of the implant in v...Titanium rods were processed into implant samples with cavity and groove in which was filled with HAP/β-TCP porous osteoconduction composite materials in order to increase the mechanical stability of the implant in vivo.The phase compositions of the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Histological evaluation showed that the biogradable composite could enhanced the ability of new bone formation.The composite can conduct new bone tissue growing into the cavities gradually after implanted into animal,and then achieve mechanical fixation.The filling biogradable compound exhibited excellent biocompatibility,which combined with the new bone tissues tightly without inflammation and loosing.展开更多
To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods： Sixty SPF-class male DS rats wer...To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods： Sixty SPF-class male DS rats were divided into 2 groups, 20 for normobaric, hypoxic conditions and the other 40 for hypobaric, hypoxic conditions. For each group, the pulmonary arterial pressure and carotid arterial pressure indicators of rats were examined by using the physiological multi-detector, and the pulmonary vascular changes in the structure were observed. Results： The normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment can promote the formation of pulmonary hypertension and accelerate changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and promote the right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion： Clinical applications showed that the animal experimental cabin has observed and controlled accurately. The result was safe, reliable and reproducible. The cabin can successfully establish the pulmonary hypertension model in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment, and in order to study the physiological mechanism of a variety of circulation and respiratory diseases caused by lack of oxygen, which provided an experimental technology platform for clinical research.展开更多
The supply and demand of laboratory animals for teaching in colleges and universities has its own internal characteristics.To grasp the supply and demand characteristics of laboratory animals for teaching is of vital ...The supply and demand of laboratory animals for teaching in colleges and universities has its own internal characteristics.To grasp the supply and demand characteristics of laboratory animals for teaching is of vital importance to the planning,supply and use of teaching animals,the realization of teaching objectives and the completion of teaching tasks.Based on the supply of teaching experimental animals and the work of animal experimental teaching in our university in recent years,this paper expounds the inherent characteristics and practice of supply and demand of teaching experimental animals.展开更多
Introduction: Radiotherapy is often used to treat head and neck malignancies, with inevitable effects on the surrounding healthy tissues. We have reviewed the literature concerning the experimental irradiation of faci...Introduction: Radiotherapy is often used to treat head and neck malignancies, with inevitable effects on the surrounding healthy tissues. We have reviewed the literature concerning the experimental irradiation of facial bones in animals. Materials and Methods: A PubMed search was performed to retrieve animal experiments on the irradiation of facial bones that were published between January 1992 and January 2012. The search terms were “irradiation facial bone” and “irradiation osteoradionecrosis”. Results: Thirty-six publications were included. The irradiation sources were Cobalt60, orthovoltage, 4 - 6 megavolt photons, and brachytherapy. The total dose varied between 8 - 60 Gy in single or multiple fractions. The literature presents a broad range of animal studies that differ in terms of the in vivo model, irradiation, observation period, and evaluation of results. Discussion: The different animal models used leave many questions unanswered. A detailed and standardized description of the methodology and results would facilitate the comparability of future studies.展开更多
Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the...Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the ability of adjusting pressure, temperature and moisture control, air conditioning and purifying as well as foods and water supply. After 8-days’ flight, all performance parameters were normal and met the design requirements. The two mice kept alive for 5 days and 10 hours展开更多
CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expresse...CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system,including endothelial cells,pericytes,astrocytes,and microglia.CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes,such as endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammatory responses,which are involved in many central nervous system diseases,such as stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and spinal cord injury.CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand,thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists,such as Salvianolic acid B,tanshinone IIA,curcumin,sulfosuccinimidyl oleate,antioxidants,and small-molecule compounds.Moreover,we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists.These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.展开更多
Objective To investigate the value of polar residual network(PResNet)model for assisting evaluation on rat myocardial infarction(MI)segment in myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE).Methods Twenty-five male SD rats...Objective To investigate the value of polar residual network(PResNet)model for assisting evaluation on rat myocardial infarction(MI)segment in myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE).Methods Twenty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into MI group(n=15)and sham operation group(n=10).MI models were established in MI group through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery using atraumatic suture,while no intervention was given to those in sham operation group after thoracotomy.MCE images of both basal and papillary muscle levels on the short axis section of left ventricles were acquired after 1 week,which were assessed independently by 2 junior and 2 senior ultrasound physicians.The evaluating efficacy of MI segment,the mean interpretation time and the consistency were compared whether under the assistance of PResNet model or not.Results No significant difference of efficacy of evaluation on MI segment was found for senior physicians with or without assistance of PResNet model(both P>0.05).Under the assistance of PResNet model,the efficacy of junior physicians for diagnosing MI segment was significantly improved compared with that without the assistance of PResNet model(both P<0.01),and was comparable to that of senior physicians.Under the assistance of PResNet model,the mean interpretation time of each physician was significantly shorter than that without assistance(all P<0.001),and the consistency between junior physicians and among junior and senior physicians were both moderate(Kappa=0.692,0.542),which became better under the assistance(Kappa=0.763,0.749).Conclusion PResNet could improve the efficacy of junior physicians for evaluation on rat MI segment in MCE images,shorten interpretation time with different aptitudes,also improve the consistency to some extent.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease(CVD)has become the leading cause of death globally,imposing significant health and economic burdens.Among these,myocardial infarction(MI)is a predominant cause of mortality.Several animal studie...Cardiovascular disease(CVD)has become the leading cause of death globally,imposing significant health and economic burdens.Among these,myocardial infarction(MI)is a predominant cause of mortality.Several animal studies have shown that cytokines participate in cardiac regeneration and repair by modulating cellular proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis post-MI.Here,we explored the crucial role of cytokines in cardiac regeneration and repair processes in experimental animal models,detailing how cytokines modulate cellular mechanisms involved in repairing cardiac tissue post myocardial infarction(MI).Specifically,it highlights the activation of cardiac stem cells and progenitors,the regulation of inflammatory responses to prevent excessive damage,and the involvement in matrix remodeling to ensure functional integrity of the heart.This comprehensive examination underscores the therapeutic potential of enhancing cytokine secretion to mitigate adverse effects and promote recovery following MI,offering insights into possible interventions that could improve patient outcomes in clinical settings.展开更多
This work used the cosmological neuroscientific concept of Soul of Multiverse for placing the problem of wildlife and biodiversity protection into a new philosophical environment where religious,scientific and philoso...This work used the cosmological neuroscientific concept of Soul of Multiverse for placing the problem of wildlife and biodiversity protection into a new philosophical environment where religious,scientific and philosophical approaches are in harmony.It resulted in the thought that the obligation of protecting wildlife and biodiversity on Earth,just as the sanctity of caring for all human lives,originated in cosmic laws set in the divine blueprints of the Soul of Multiverse.These laws seem to relay that in the 21st century the time has come on Earth to stop killing animals for food,to stop overhunting and overfishing,to stop industrial activities responsible for deforestation,desertification,air pollution and climate change,and to run animal experiments for science and medicine only in the extremely limited,most justified cases and only until new technologies make them no longer necessary.The conclusion was that to achieve these goals,new global governing mechanisms are needed.Specifically,the establishment of a Government of Earth,the next step of the political process that started with the United Nations in the first place,may be necessary to solve the global problems of wildlife and biodiversity protection since meaningful solutions for global problems require global governing mechanisms.展开更多
Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research.They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge.Livestock development has favored the pace of human social development over ...Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research.They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge.Livestock development has favored the pace of human social development over millennia.Today's society is more aware of animal welfare than past generations.The general public has marked objections to animal research and many species are falling into disuse.The search for an ideal methodology to replace animal use is on,but animal modeling still holds great importance to human health.Bone research,in particular,has unmet requirements that in vitro technologies cannot fully address.Standardizing novel models remains necessary and rabbits are gaining in popularity as potential bone models.Our aim here is to provide a broad overview of animal modeling and its ethical implications,followed by a narrower focus on bone research and the role rabbits are playing in the current scenario.展开更多
Objective: Traditional method of closing bronchial stumps after lobectomy was whole layer suture by hand or by stapler. Little is known about the ligated bronchial stump following lobectomy. To evaluate the characteri...Objective: Traditional method of closing bronchial stumps after lobectomy was whole layer suture by hand or by stapler. Little is known about the ligated bronchial stump following lobectomy. To evaluate the characteristics of ligation method for closing bronchial stumps. Methods: In this study 90 lobectomies on 15 mongrel dogs and 75 bronchial stump models on fresh cadaver bronchus were performed. Multivariables comparison experimental studies were made on the results of three different closing methods: simple ligation, manual suture and stapling. Results: In the ligation group, the operation time was significantly shortened (P<0.01). The depth of stump cavity between ligation group and suture group was of no difference significantly (P>0.05). The resistance against intrabronchial pressure was greater in the ligation group than in the suture group (P<0.01). Pathological studies illustrated earlier healing of mucosal membrane with milder inflammatory reactions. In clinical practice, 121 lobectomies were successfully performed with simple ligation of the stumps. Conclusion: Simple ligation is a safe, reliable, simple, and applicable method for closing bronchial stump following lobectomies.展开更多
By injection of C-BSA. immune-complex in situ type glomerulonephritis was duplicated in rabbits and treated with Mai-Luo-Tong and natural Indigo.The resuts showed that proteinuria in the treated groups M and Q was dec...By injection of C-BSA. immune-complex in situ type glomerulonephritis was duplicated in rabbits and treated with Mai-Luo-Tong and natural Indigo.The resuts showed that proteinuria in the treated groups M and Q was decreased.The difference between group M and control group is statistically significant (P<0.05). Under light and electron microscope.although glomerular basement membrane was irregularly thickened and subepithelial dense electron deposited in the treated group, but microthromhus. erythrocytes and platelets aggregation and leukocytes impaction were not seen within glomerular capillaries. Also in groups C,Q,M, mesenteric cell count was 99. 40±18.53,92.87±17. 89,66. 55±7.75 respectively,the M.Q groups are compared with group C, the result is of statistical significance(P<0.05)and there is no apparent glomerular fibrosis in the treated groups.展开更多
In order to detect the role of NO to the secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). NOS in the injury site (T\-8) were studied using a rat SCI model induced by Allens weight drop method (10 g2.5 cm). The res...In order to detect the role of NO to the secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). NOS in the injury site (T\-8) were studied using a rat SCI model induced by Allens weight drop method (10 g2.5 cm). The results suggested that activities of NOS significantly increased in 10 min\, 1\,2\,4\,8 h. The results indicated that NO was related to SCI. The rise of NO following SCI might lead to secondary spinal cord damage.\;展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81825011,81930038,81961160738)Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1400800)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB19030200)。
文摘Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma,has attracted growing attention due to its high mortality and disability rates.Understanding the infectious routes of neurotropic viruses and the mechanism underlying the host immune response is critical to reduce viral spread and improve antiviral therapy outcomes.In this review,we summarize the common categories of neurotropic viruses,viral transmission routes in the body,host immune responses,and experimental animal models used for VE study to gain a deeper understanding of recent progress in the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms under neurotropic viral infection.This review should provide valuable resources and perspectives on how to cope with pandemic infections.
文摘Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route(SMD[95%CI]=-2.59[-3.25 to-1.94],P=0.0001,I^(2)=74.4%).The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route(SMD[95%CI]=4.80[1.84 to 7.76],P=0.027,I^(2)=79.6%).Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types,modifications,transplanted cell numbe rs,and delivery methods for these protocols.
基金This research was supported by Meat and Livestock Australia grant P.PSH.1232,the Australasian Pork Research Institute Ltd grant 5A-113,The University of Queensland and The University of Western Australia.
文摘At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare outcomes.Existing behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative outcomes.But welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to positive.In this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human animals.The proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological markers.We also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.
基金the Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Changsha,China(No.kh2003014)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.2018JJ2584,2018JJ3507)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Comission,China(No.D171100002917004)the Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project,China(No.AD16380019).
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel stent manufactured by metal injection molding(MIM)in clinical practice through animal experiments.Vessel stents were prepared using powder injection molding technology to considerably improve material utilization.The influence of MIM carbon impurity variation on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel was studied.In vitro cytotoxicity and animal transplantation tests were also carried out to evaluate the safety of MIM stents.The results showed that the performance of 316L stainless steel was very sensitive to the carbon content.Carbon fluctuations should be precisely controlled during MIM.All MIM stents were successfully implanted into the aortas of the dogs,and the MIM 316L stents had no significant cytotoxicity.The novel intravascular stent manufactured using MIM can maintain a stable form and structure with fast endothelialization of the luminal surface of the stent and ensure long-term patency in an animal model.The novel intravascular stent manufactured using MIM demonstrates favorable structural,physical,and chemical stability,as well as biocompatibility,offering promising application in clinical practice.
文摘Preparation of the temporal bone for light microscopy is an important step in histological studies of the inner ear. Due to the complexity of structures of the inner ear, it is difficult to measure or compare structures of interest without a commonly accepted standardized measure of temporal bone sections. Therefore, standardization of temporal bone sections is very important for histological assessment of sensory hair cells and peripheral ganglion neurons in the cochlear and vestibular systems. The standardized temporal bone sectioning is oriented to a plane parallel to the outer and internal auditory canals. Sections are collected from the epitympanum to the hypotympanum to reveal layers in the order of the crista ampullaris of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, macula utriculi and macula sacculi, superior vestibular ganglion neurons, macula of saccule and inferior vestibular ganglion neurons, cochlear modiolus, endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac, and finally the crista ampullaris of the posterior semicircular canal. Moreover, technical details of preparing for temporal bone sectioning including fixation, decalcification, whole temporal bone staining, embedding penetration, and embedding orientation are also discussed.
文摘AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pigs and in vivo experiments in 20 living pigs were conducted.RESULTS In in vitro experiments,a negative pressure of>0.06MPa was necessary for optimal visualization of the intestine,and this pressure did not cause gross or histological damage to the mucosa.For satisfactory examination of the small intestine in vivo,higher negative pressure(>1.00 MPa)was required.Despite this higher pressure,the small intestine did not show any gross or microscopic damage in the suctioned areas.The average time of examination in the living animals was 60±7.67 min.The animals did not experience any apparent ill effects from the procedure.CONCLUSION Small intestine endoscope was safely performed within a reasonable time period and enabled complete visualization of the intestine in most cases.
基金supported by 2012 Jiangxi Province Higher Education Reform Research Provincial Research Project(No.JXJG-12-29-3)
文摘Objective： The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection and IV infusion in animal experimentation to hone the core professional nursing competencies. Methods： Two classes from the 2012 senior graduating nursing class were randomly selected by a computer to conduct the diversified practical teaching methods based on animal experimentation. A hospital environment was simulated by requiring students to perform different types of injections and practical IV infusion techniques. A comprehensive evaluation of the core professional competencies, as well as other integrated competencies, was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the teaching methods. Results： Two-sampled, pairwise u-tests were performed between the scores of the experimental （nursing class 2） and control （nursing class 1） groups. These findings showed that the overall test scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group and that the average P-values for the competencies in various categories were 〈0.01, which indicated statistically significant results. Conclusions： Based on the data from this project, diversified teaching methods for basic nursing training founded on animal experimentation can help nursing students perfect their core professional competencies and improve their overall professional standing. The introduction of animal experimentation requires further verification, and an increased acknowledgement of its benefits through the widespread dissemination of this information.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50872099)
文摘Titanium rods were processed into implant samples with cavity and groove in which was filled with HAP/β-TCP porous osteoconduction composite materials in order to increase the mechanical stability of the implant in vivo.The phase compositions of the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Histological evaluation showed that the biogradable composite could enhanced the ability of new bone formation.The composite can conduct new bone tissue growing into the cavities gradually after implanted into animal,and then achieve mechanical fixation.The filling biogradable compound exhibited excellent biocompatibility,which combined with the new bone tissues tightly without inflammation and loosing.
文摘To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods： Sixty SPF-class male DS rats were divided into 2 groups, 20 for normobaric, hypoxic conditions and the other 40 for hypobaric, hypoxic conditions. For each group, the pulmonary arterial pressure and carotid arterial pressure indicators of rats were examined by using the physiological multi-detector, and the pulmonary vascular changes in the structure were observed. Results： The normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment can promote the formation of pulmonary hypertension and accelerate changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and promote the right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion： Clinical applications showed that the animal experimental cabin has observed and controlled accurately. The result was safe, reliable and reproducible. The cabin can successfully establish the pulmonary hypertension model in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment, and in order to study the physiological mechanism of a variety of circulation and respiratory diseases caused by lack of oxygen, which provided an experimental technology platform for clinical research.
文摘The supply and demand of laboratory animals for teaching in colleges and universities has its own internal characteristics.To grasp the supply and demand characteristics of laboratory animals for teaching is of vital importance to the planning,supply and use of teaching animals,the realization of teaching objectives and the completion of teaching tasks.Based on the supply of teaching experimental animals and the work of animal experimental teaching in our university in recent years,this paper expounds the inherent characteristics and practice of supply and demand of teaching experimental animals.
文摘Introduction: Radiotherapy is often used to treat head and neck malignancies, with inevitable effects on the surrounding healthy tissues. We have reviewed the literature concerning the experimental irradiation of facial bones in animals. Materials and Methods: A PubMed search was performed to retrieve animal experiments on the irradiation of facial bones that were published between January 1992 and January 2012. The search terms were “irradiation facial bone” and “irradiation osteoradionecrosis”. Results: Thirty-six publications were included. The irradiation sources were Cobalt60, orthovoltage, 4 - 6 megavolt photons, and brachytherapy. The total dose varied between 8 - 60 Gy in single or multiple fractions. The literature presents a broad range of animal studies that differ in terms of the in vivo model, irradiation, observation period, and evaluation of results. Discussion: The different animal models used leave many questions unanswered. A detailed and standardized description of the methodology and results would facilitate the comparability of future studies.
文摘Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the ability of adjusting pressure, temperature and moisture control, air conditioning and purifying as well as foods and water supply. After 8-days’ flight, all performance parameters were normal and met the design requirements. The two mice kept alive for 5 days and 10 hours
基金supported by the National Major Project of Research and Development,No.2022YFA1105500(to SZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870975(to SZ)Innovation Program for Graduate Students in Jiangsu Province of China,No.KYCX223335(to MZ)。
文摘CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system,including endothelial cells,pericytes,astrocytes,and microglia.CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes,such as endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammatory responses,which are involved in many central nervous system diseases,such as stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and spinal cord injury.CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand,thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists,such as Salvianolic acid B,tanshinone IIA,curcumin,sulfosuccinimidyl oleate,antioxidants,and small-molecule compounds.Moreover,we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists.These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
文摘Objective To investigate the value of polar residual network(PResNet)model for assisting evaluation on rat myocardial infarction(MI)segment in myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE).Methods Twenty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into MI group(n=15)and sham operation group(n=10).MI models were established in MI group through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery using atraumatic suture,while no intervention was given to those in sham operation group after thoracotomy.MCE images of both basal and papillary muscle levels on the short axis section of left ventricles were acquired after 1 week,which were assessed independently by 2 junior and 2 senior ultrasound physicians.The evaluating efficacy of MI segment,the mean interpretation time and the consistency were compared whether under the assistance of PResNet model or not.Results No significant difference of efficacy of evaluation on MI segment was found for senior physicians with or without assistance of PResNet model(both P>0.05).Under the assistance of PResNet model,the efficacy of junior physicians for diagnosing MI segment was significantly improved compared with that without the assistance of PResNet model(both P<0.01),and was comparable to that of senior physicians.Under the assistance of PResNet model,the mean interpretation time of each physician was significantly shorter than that without assistance(all P<0.001),and the consistency between junior physicians and among junior and senior physicians were both moderate(Kappa=0.692,0.542),which became better under the assistance(Kappa=0.763,0.749).Conclusion PResNet could improve the efficacy of junior physicians for evaluation on rat MI segment in MCE images,shorten interpretation time with different aptitudes,also improve the consistency to some extent.
基金supported by the Henan Medical Science and Technology Joint Building Program(No.LHGJ20230283)the Medical Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(No.SBGJ202103079).
文摘Cardiovascular disease(CVD)has become the leading cause of death globally,imposing significant health and economic burdens.Among these,myocardial infarction(MI)is a predominant cause of mortality.Several animal studies have shown that cytokines participate in cardiac regeneration and repair by modulating cellular proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis post-MI.Here,we explored the crucial role of cytokines in cardiac regeneration and repair processes in experimental animal models,detailing how cytokines modulate cellular mechanisms involved in repairing cardiac tissue post myocardial infarction(MI).Specifically,it highlights the activation of cardiac stem cells and progenitors,the regulation of inflammatory responses to prevent excessive damage,and the involvement in matrix remodeling to ensure functional integrity of the heart.This comprehensive examination underscores the therapeutic potential of enhancing cytokine secretion to mitigate adverse effects and promote recovery following MI,offering insights into possible interventions that could improve patient outcomes in clinical settings.
文摘This work used the cosmological neuroscientific concept of Soul of Multiverse for placing the problem of wildlife and biodiversity protection into a new philosophical environment where religious,scientific and philosophical approaches are in harmony.It resulted in the thought that the obligation of protecting wildlife and biodiversity on Earth,just as the sanctity of caring for all human lives,originated in cosmic laws set in the divine blueprints of the Soul of Multiverse.These laws seem to relay that in the 21st century the time has come on Earth to stop killing animals for food,to stop overhunting and overfishing,to stop industrial activities responsible for deforestation,desertification,air pollution and climate change,and to run animal experiments for science and medicine only in the extremely limited,most justified cases and only until new technologies make them no longer necessary.The conclusion was that to achieve these goals,new global governing mechanisms are needed.Specifically,the establishment of a Government of Earth,the next step of the political process that started with the United Nations in the first place,may be necessary to solve the global problems of wildlife and biodiversity protection since meaningful solutions for global problems require global governing mechanisms.
文摘Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research.They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge.Livestock development has favored the pace of human social development over millennia.Today's society is more aware of animal welfare than past generations.The general public has marked objections to animal research and many species are falling into disuse.The search for an ideal methodology to replace animal use is on,but animal modeling still holds great importance to human health.Bone research,in particular,has unmet requirements that in vitro technologies cannot fully address.Standardizing novel models remains necessary and rabbits are gaining in popularity as potential bone models.Our aim here is to provide a broad overview of animal modeling and its ethical implications,followed by a narrower focus on bone research and the role rabbits are playing in the current scenario.
文摘Objective: Traditional method of closing bronchial stumps after lobectomy was whole layer suture by hand or by stapler. Little is known about the ligated bronchial stump following lobectomy. To evaluate the characteristics of ligation method for closing bronchial stumps. Methods: In this study 90 lobectomies on 15 mongrel dogs and 75 bronchial stump models on fresh cadaver bronchus were performed. Multivariables comparison experimental studies were made on the results of three different closing methods: simple ligation, manual suture and stapling. Results: In the ligation group, the operation time was significantly shortened (P<0.01). The depth of stump cavity between ligation group and suture group was of no difference significantly (P>0.05). The resistance against intrabronchial pressure was greater in the ligation group than in the suture group (P<0.01). Pathological studies illustrated earlier healing of mucosal membrane with milder inflammatory reactions. In clinical practice, 121 lobectomies were successfully performed with simple ligation of the stumps. Conclusion: Simple ligation is a safe, reliable, simple, and applicable method for closing bronchial stump following lobectomies.
文摘By injection of C-BSA. immune-complex in situ type glomerulonephritis was duplicated in rabbits and treated with Mai-Luo-Tong and natural Indigo.The resuts showed that proteinuria in the treated groups M and Q was decreased.The difference between group M and control group is statistically significant (P<0.05). Under light and electron microscope.although glomerular basement membrane was irregularly thickened and subepithelial dense electron deposited in the treated group, but microthromhus. erythrocytes and platelets aggregation and leukocytes impaction were not seen within glomerular capillaries. Also in groups C,Q,M, mesenteric cell count was 99. 40±18.53,92.87±17. 89,66. 55±7.75 respectively,the M.Q groups are compared with group C, the result is of statistical significance(P<0.05)and there is no apparent glomerular fibrosis in the treated groups.
文摘In order to detect the role of NO to the secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). NOS in the injury site (T\-8) were studied using a rat SCI model induced by Allens weight drop method (10 g2.5 cm). The results suggested that activities of NOS significantly increased in 10 min\, 1\,2\,4\,8 h. The results indicated that NO was related to SCI. The rise of NO following SCI might lead to secondary spinal cord damage.\;
