When adipose-derived stem cells （ASCs） arc retrieved from the stromal vascular portion of adipose tissue, a large amount of mature adipocytes are often discarded. However, by modified ceiling culture technique based...When adipose-derived stem cells （ASCs） arc retrieved from the stromal vascular portion of adipose tissue, a large amount of mature adipocytes are often discarded. However, by modified ceiling culture technique based on their buoyancy, mature adipocytes can be easily isolated from the adipose cell suspension and dediffercn- tiated into lipid-frce fibroblast-like cells, named dediffercntiated fat （DFAT） cells. DFAT cells rc-establish active proliferation ability and undertake multipotent capacities. Compared with ASCs and other adult stem cells, DFAT cells showed unique advantages in their abundance, isolation and homogeneity. In this concise review, the establishment and culture methods of DFAT cells arc introduced and the current profiles of their cellular nature are summarized. Under proper inducti~,n culture in vitro or environment in vivo, DFAT cells could demonstrate adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenie and myogenic potentials. In angiogenie conditions, DFAT cells could exhibit perivascular characteristics antt elicit neovascularization. Our preliminary findings also suggested the pericyte phenotype underlying such cell lineage, which supported a novel interpretation about the common origin of mesenchymal stem cells and tissue-specific stem cells within blood vessel walls. Current research on DFAT cells indicated that this alternative source of adult multipotent cells has great potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.展开更多
The identification of an ideal cell source for tissue regeneration remains a challenge in the stem cell field. The ability of progeny cells to differentiate into other cell types is important for the processes of tiss...The identification of an ideal cell source for tissue regeneration remains a challenge in the stem cell field. The ability of progeny cells to differentiate into other cell types is important for the processes of tissue reconstruction and tissue engineering and has clinical, biochemical or molecular implications. The adaptation of stem cells from adipose tissue for use in regenerative medicine has created a new role for adipocytes. Mature adipocytes can easily be isolated from adipose cell suspensions and allowed to dedifferentiate into lipidfree multipotent cells, referred to as dedifferentiated fat(DFAT) cells. Compared to other adult stem cells, the DFAT cells have unique advantages in their abundance, ease of isolation and homogeneity. Under proper condition in vitro and in vivo, the DFAT cells have exhibited adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, cardiomyogenc, angiogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic potentials. In this review, we first discuss the phenomena of dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation of cells, and then dedifferentiation of adipocytes in particular. Understanding the dedifferentiation process itself may contribute to our knowledge of normal growth processes, as well as mechanisms of disease. Second, we highlight new developments in DFAT cell culture and summarize the current understanding of DFAT cell properties. The unique features of DFAT cells are promising for clinical applications such as tissue regeneration.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the associations of pancreatic fat with other fat depots and β-cell function in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS: We examined 158 overweight/obese children and adolescents, 80...AIM: To analyze the associations of pancreatic fat with other fat depots and β-cell function in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS: We examined 158 overweight/obese children and adolescents, 80 with NAFLD [hepatic fat fraction(HFF) ≥ 5%] and 78 without fatty liver. Visceral adipose tissue(VAT), pancreatic fat fraction(PFF) and HFF were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Estimates of insulin sensitivity were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), defined by fasting insulin and fasting glucose and whole-body insulin sensitivity index(WBISI), based on mean values of insulin and glucose obtained from oral glucose tolerance test and the corresponding fasting values. Patients were considered to have prediabetes if they had either:(1) impaired fasting glucose, defined as a fasting glucose level ≥ 100 mg/d L to < 126 mg/d L;(2) impaired glucose tolerance, defined as a 2 h glucose concentration between ≥ 140 mg/d L and < 200 mg/d L; or(3) hemoglobin A1 c value of ≥ 5.7% to < 6.5%.RESULTS: PFF was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared with subjects without liver involvement. PFF was significantly associated with HFF and VAT, as well as fasting insulin, C peptide, HOMA-IR, and WBISI. The association between PFF and HFF was no longer significant after adjusting for age, gender, Tanner stage, body mass index(BMI)-SD score, and VAT. In multiple regression analysis withWBISI or HOMA-IR as the dependent variables, against the covariates age, gender, Tanner stage, BMI-SD score, VAT, PFF, and HFF, the only variable significantly associated with WBISI(standardized coefficient B,-0.398; P = 0.001) as well as HOMA-IR(0.353; P = 0.003) was HFF. Children with prediabetes had higher PFF and HFF than those without. PFF and HFF were significantly associated with prediabetes after adjustment for clinical variables. When all fat depots where included in the same model, only HFF remained significantly associated with prediabetes(OR = 3.38; 95%CI: 1.10-10.4; P = 0.034).CONCLUSION: In overweight/obese children with NAFLD, pancreatic fat is increased compared with those without liver involvement. However, only liver fat is independently related to prediabetes.展开更多
The Wister fat-storing cells were isolated by perfusion with collagenase and centrifugation with metrizamide density cushion technique and cultured in vitro. The fatstoring cells were confirmed by the presentation of ...The Wister fat-storing cells were isolated by perfusion with collagenase and centrifugation with metrizamide density cushion technique and cultured in vitro. The fatstoring cells were confirmed by the presentation of the lipid drop in the cytoplasm and the visualization of dismin with anti-dismin antibody by using indirect immunofluorescence method. By the videotape recorder (VIR) and the imagine analysis system, we observed the wandering immigration, the abrupt contraction of fat-storing cells with spike, then becoming a ball-like shape in its division phase. After that the cell began to extend and the contraction of these cells can be induced by the presence of 10-2 mmol/L endothelin-1 , 1 mmol/L of substance P and 2×10-5 mmol/L noradrenalin. After removal of these agents the contracted cells would become extended. All these findings indicate that the fat-storing cells have ability of contraction and movement.展开更多
Objective: Although research increasingly underlines the theoretical importance of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) for successful fat transplantation, we could not prove this notion in cosmetic breast augmentation. S...Objective: Although research increasingly underlines the theoretical importance of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) for successful fat transplantation, we could not prove this notion in cosmetic breast augmentation. Stem-cell-enriched breast fat transplantation did not yield better results than grafting based on the WAL (water-jet assisted liposuction) technique in terms of volume persistence. To overcome inter-individual variation, intra-individual comparison was performed. Material and Methods: Four women underwent breast augmentation utilizing WAL fat transplantation with and without ex-vivo ASC isolation performed with the Multistation System. All patients underwent two fat transplantations for breast augmentation. In the first procedure, the left breast was augmented with stem-cell-enriched fat grafts and the right with plain WAL fat grafts. In the second surgery, the lipofilling was performed the other way round to exclude intra-individual differences in fat cell persistence. Results: MRI volumetry revealed a mean volume survival of 56% of the whole (watery) graft in the breasts with WAL only and 56% in the breasts with WAL and stem cell enrichment. While centrifugation of the WAL grafts demonstrated an average adipose content of 68%, the average volume survival of the adipose tissue itself was 83% in the breasts augmented with WAL only and 83% in those with WAL with stem cell enrichment. Conclusion: Breast augmentation by means of lipofilling using WAL alone is faster and more inexpensive, carrying a lower risk of contamination and offering an equal take rate. We do not see any advantage in stem-cell-enrichment in cosmetic fat transplantation to the breast.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of adipose stromal vascular fraction cells(SVFs)on the survival rate of fat ransplantation.Methods 0.5mL autologous fat tissue was mixed with: ① DiI-labeled autologous SVFs (Group ...Objective To investigate the effect of adipose stromal vascular fraction cells(SVFs)on the survival rate of fat ransplantation.Methods 0.5mL autologous fat tissue was mixed with: ① DiI-labeled autologous SVFs (Group A);②展开更多
Adipose tissue(AT)is recognized as a complex organ involved in major homeostatic body functions,such as food intake,energy balance,immunomodulation,development and growth,and functioning of the reproductive organs.The...Adipose tissue(AT)is recognized as a complex organ involved in major homeostatic body functions,such as food intake,energy balance,immunomodulation,development and growth,and functioning of the reproductive organs.The role of AT in tissue and organ homeostasis,repair and regeneration is increasingly recognized.Different AT compartments(white AT,brown AT and bone marrow AT)and their interrelation with bone metabolism will be presented.AT-derived stem cell populations-adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotentlike stem cells.Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring and dedifferentiated fat cells can be obtained in relatively high quantities compared to other sources.Their role in different strategies of bone and fracture healing tissue engineering and cell therapy will be described.The current use of AT-or AT-derived stem cell populations for fracture healing and bone regenerative strategies will be presented,as well as major challenges in furthering bone regenerative strategies to clinical settings.展开更多
【目的】肉牛肌内脂肪沉积与牛肉的风味、多汁性和嫩度密切相关。脂肪沉积过程表现为脂肪细胞的增殖(数量增多)和分化(脂质生成),受到了多基因协同调控。前人研究发现,小鼠中Snail1可以参与肌肉发育和脂质稳态调控,但其在牛脂肪生成过...【目的】肉牛肌内脂肪沉积与牛肉的风味、多汁性和嫩度密切相关。脂肪沉积过程表现为脂肪细胞的增殖(数量增多)和分化(脂质生成),受到了多基因协同调控。前人研究发现,小鼠中Snail1可以参与肌肉发育和脂质稳态调控,但其在牛脂肪生成过程中的作用仍未知,有待进一步研究。【方法】以秦川牛为研究对象,克隆得到Snail1 CDS区序列,构建Snail1时空表达谱,运用生物信息学软件对其功能结构及靶基因进行预测。进一步,通过RNAi干扰结合CCK8、EdU、细胞流式及实时荧光定量PCR等方法探究Snail1对牛脂肪细胞增殖的影响。【结果】秦川牛Snail1与NCBI公布序列相比存在2处碱基同义突变,其在秦川牛新生牛肺、肾周脂肪、小肠呈现较高丰度表达;而在成年牛中,Snail1在肾周脂肪组织中的表达量最高,背最长肌中的表达量次之,肺脏组织中的表达量最低。生物信息学分析发现,Snail1启动子区存在1个651 bp CpG岛及C/EBP、PPARα等与脂肪生成相关的转录因子结合位点。CKⅠ(Ser92/96)、CKⅡ(Ser25/119,Thr89)、CDK1(Ser13/104/112/119/143/183/214/221)、CDK5(Ser105/107)等多个细胞周期相关激酶可能参与了Snail1蛋白的磷酸化修饰。通过对牛已注释基因启动子区提取、靶基因预测及KEGG动态网络构建发现,成脂相关的MAPK、PI3K-Akt、mTOR等信号通路为Snail1参与脂肪生成相关的潜在节点信号通路。进一步,通过RNAi干扰试验对其功能研究表明,Snail1下调促进了牛前体脂肪细胞的增殖,增加了复制期阳性细胞的比例(P<0.01)且促进了G1/S细胞周期转换。RT-qPCR和Western-blot检测表明,干扰Snail1显著上调了促增殖调控基因CCNB1、CCND2、CDK2、CDK4(P<0.05)和蛋白的表达。【结论】Snail1在新生牛肾周脂肪及成年牛肾周脂肪和背最长肌中表达量相对较高。干扰Snail1促进了牛前体脂肪细胞的增殖、G1/S细胞周期转变和CCNB1、CCND2、CDK2、CDK4等增殖相关基因表达;CKⅠ、CKⅡ、CDK1/5等多个细胞周期相关激酶可能通过磷酸化修饰Snail1蛋白进而参与细胞增殖调控,而MAPK、PI3K-Akt、mTOR等为Snail1影响牛脂肪细胞增殖潜在的关键节点通路。研究结果为进一步探究Snail1参与牛脂肪生成作用机制奠定了基础。展开更多
文摘When adipose-derived stem cells （ASCs） arc retrieved from the stromal vascular portion of adipose tissue, a large amount of mature adipocytes are often discarded. However, by modified ceiling culture technique based on their buoyancy, mature adipocytes can be easily isolated from the adipose cell suspension and dediffercn- tiated into lipid-frce fibroblast-like cells, named dediffercntiated fat （DFAT） cells. DFAT cells rc-establish active proliferation ability and undertake multipotent capacities. Compared with ASCs and other adult stem cells, DFAT cells showed unique advantages in their abundance, isolation and homogeneity. In this concise review, the establishment and culture methods of DFAT cells arc introduced and the current profiles of their cellular nature are summarized. Under proper inducti~,n culture in vitro or environment in vivo, DFAT cells could demonstrate adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenie and myogenic potentials. In angiogenie conditions, DFAT cells could exhibit perivascular characteristics antt elicit neovascularization. Our preliminary findings also suggested the pericyte phenotype underlying such cell lineage, which supported a novel interpretation about the common origin of mesenchymal stem cells and tissue-specific stem cells within blood vessel walls. Current research on DFAT cells indicated that this alternative source of adult multipotent cells has great potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
基金Supported by In part by the American Heart Association(Medet Jumabay)NIH grants P01 HL30568,R01 HL81397,and R01 HL112839(Kristina I Bostrom)
文摘The identification of an ideal cell source for tissue regeneration remains a challenge in the stem cell field. The ability of progeny cells to differentiate into other cell types is important for the processes of tissue reconstruction and tissue engineering and has clinical, biochemical or molecular implications. The adaptation of stem cells from adipose tissue for use in regenerative medicine has created a new role for adipocytes. Mature adipocytes can easily be isolated from adipose cell suspensions and allowed to dedifferentiate into lipidfree multipotent cells, referred to as dedifferentiated fat(DFAT) cells. Compared to other adult stem cells, the DFAT cells have unique advantages in their abundance, ease of isolation and homogeneity. Under proper condition in vitro and in vivo, the DFAT cells have exhibited adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, cardiomyogenc, angiogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic potentials. In this review, we first discuss the phenomena of dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation of cells, and then dedifferentiation of adipocytes in particular. Understanding the dedifferentiation process itself may contribute to our knowledge of normal growth processes, as well as mechanisms of disease. Second, we highlight new developments in DFAT cell culture and summarize the current understanding of DFAT cell properties. The unique features of DFAT cells are promising for clinical applications such as tissue regeneration.
基金Supported by Sapienza University of Rome(Progetti di Ricerca Universitaria 2011-2012)
文摘AIM: To analyze the associations of pancreatic fat with other fat depots and β-cell function in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS: We examined 158 overweight/obese children and adolescents, 80 with NAFLD [hepatic fat fraction(HFF) ≥ 5%] and 78 without fatty liver. Visceral adipose tissue(VAT), pancreatic fat fraction(PFF) and HFF were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Estimates of insulin sensitivity were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), defined by fasting insulin and fasting glucose and whole-body insulin sensitivity index(WBISI), based on mean values of insulin and glucose obtained from oral glucose tolerance test and the corresponding fasting values. Patients were considered to have prediabetes if they had either:(1) impaired fasting glucose, defined as a fasting glucose level ≥ 100 mg/d L to < 126 mg/d L;(2) impaired glucose tolerance, defined as a 2 h glucose concentration between ≥ 140 mg/d L and < 200 mg/d L; or(3) hemoglobin A1 c value of ≥ 5.7% to < 6.5%.RESULTS: PFF was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared with subjects without liver involvement. PFF was significantly associated with HFF and VAT, as well as fasting insulin, C peptide, HOMA-IR, and WBISI. The association between PFF and HFF was no longer significant after adjusting for age, gender, Tanner stage, body mass index(BMI)-SD score, and VAT. In multiple regression analysis withWBISI or HOMA-IR as the dependent variables, against the covariates age, gender, Tanner stage, BMI-SD score, VAT, PFF, and HFF, the only variable significantly associated with WBISI(standardized coefficient B,-0.398; P = 0.001) as well as HOMA-IR(0.353; P = 0.003) was HFF. Children with prediabetes had higher PFF and HFF than those without. PFF and HFF were significantly associated with prediabetes after adjustment for clinical variables. When all fat depots where included in the same model, only HFF remained significantly associated with prediabetes(OR = 3.38; 95%CI: 1.10-10.4; P = 0.034).CONCLUSION: In overweight/obese children with NAFLD, pancreatic fat is increased compared with those without liver involvement. However, only liver fat is independently related to prediabetes.
文摘The Wister fat-storing cells were isolated by perfusion with collagenase and centrifugation with metrizamide density cushion technique and cultured in vitro. The fatstoring cells were confirmed by the presentation of the lipid drop in the cytoplasm and the visualization of dismin with anti-dismin antibody by using indirect immunofluorescence method. By the videotape recorder (VIR) and the imagine analysis system, we observed the wandering immigration, the abrupt contraction of fat-storing cells with spike, then becoming a ball-like shape in its division phase. After that the cell began to extend and the contraction of these cells can be induced by the presence of 10-2 mmol/L endothelin-1 , 1 mmol/L of substance P and 2×10-5 mmol/L noradrenalin. After removal of these agents the contracted cells would become extended. All these findings indicate that the fat-storing cells have ability of contraction and movement.
文摘Objective: Although research increasingly underlines the theoretical importance of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) for successful fat transplantation, we could not prove this notion in cosmetic breast augmentation. Stem-cell-enriched breast fat transplantation did not yield better results than grafting based on the WAL (water-jet assisted liposuction) technique in terms of volume persistence. To overcome inter-individual variation, intra-individual comparison was performed. Material and Methods: Four women underwent breast augmentation utilizing WAL fat transplantation with and without ex-vivo ASC isolation performed with the Multistation System. All patients underwent two fat transplantations for breast augmentation. In the first procedure, the left breast was augmented with stem-cell-enriched fat grafts and the right with plain WAL fat grafts. In the second surgery, the lipofilling was performed the other way round to exclude intra-individual differences in fat cell persistence. Results: MRI volumetry revealed a mean volume survival of 56% of the whole (watery) graft in the breasts with WAL only and 56% in the breasts with WAL and stem cell enrichment. While centrifugation of the WAL grafts demonstrated an average adipose content of 68%, the average volume survival of the adipose tissue itself was 83% in the breasts augmented with WAL only and 83% in those with WAL with stem cell enrichment. Conclusion: Breast augmentation by means of lipofilling using WAL alone is faster and more inexpensive, carrying a lower risk of contamination and offering an equal take rate. We do not see any advantage in stem-cell-enrichment in cosmetic fat transplantation to the breast.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of adipose stromal vascular fraction cells(SVFs)on the survival rate of fat ransplantation.Methods 0.5mL autologous fat tissue was mixed with: ① DiI-labeled autologous SVFs (Group A);②
文摘Adipose tissue(AT)is recognized as a complex organ involved in major homeostatic body functions,such as food intake,energy balance,immunomodulation,development and growth,and functioning of the reproductive organs.The role of AT in tissue and organ homeostasis,repair and regeneration is increasingly recognized.Different AT compartments(white AT,brown AT and bone marrow AT)and their interrelation with bone metabolism will be presented.AT-derived stem cell populations-adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotentlike stem cells.Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring and dedifferentiated fat cells can be obtained in relatively high quantities compared to other sources.Their role in different strategies of bone and fracture healing tissue engineering and cell therapy will be described.The current use of AT-or AT-derived stem cell populations for fracture healing and bone regenerative strategies will be presented,as well as major challenges in furthering bone regenerative strategies to clinical settings.
文摘【目的】肉牛肌内脂肪沉积与牛肉的风味、多汁性和嫩度密切相关。脂肪沉积过程表现为脂肪细胞的增殖(数量增多)和分化(脂质生成),受到了多基因协同调控。前人研究发现,小鼠中Snail1可以参与肌肉发育和脂质稳态调控,但其在牛脂肪生成过程中的作用仍未知,有待进一步研究。【方法】以秦川牛为研究对象,克隆得到Snail1 CDS区序列,构建Snail1时空表达谱,运用生物信息学软件对其功能结构及靶基因进行预测。进一步,通过RNAi干扰结合CCK8、EdU、细胞流式及实时荧光定量PCR等方法探究Snail1对牛脂肪细胞增殖的影响。【结果】秦川牛Snail1与NCBI公布序列相比存在2处碱基同义突变,其在秦川牛新生牛肺、肾周脂肪、小肠呈现较高丰度表达;而在成年牛中,Snail1在肾周脂肪组织中的表达量最高,背最长肌中的表达量次之,肺脏组织中的表达量最低。生物信息学分析发现,Snail1启动子区存在1个651 bp CpG岛及C/EBP、PPARα等与脂肪生成相关的转录因子结合位点。CKⅠ(Ser92/96)、CKⅡ(Ser25/119,Thr89)、CDK1(Ser13/104/112/119/143/183/214/221)、CDK5(Ser105/107)等多个细胞周期相关激酶可能参与了Snail1蛋白的磷酸化修饰。通过对牛已注释基因启动子区提取、靶基因预测及KEGG动态网络构建发现,成脂相关的MAPK、PI3K-Akt、mTOR等信号通路为Snail1参与脂肪生成相关的潜在节点信号通路。进一步,通过RNAi干扰试验对其功能研究表明,Snail1下调促进了牛前体脂肪细胞的增殖,增加了复制期阳性细胞的比例(P<0.01)且促进了G1/S细胞周期转换。RT-qPCR和Western-blot检测表明,干扰Snail1显著上调了促增殖调控基因CCNB1、CCND2、CDK2、CDK4(P<0.05)和蛋白的表达。【结论】Snail1在新生牛肾周脂肪及成年牛肾周脂肪和背最长肌中表达量相对较高。干扰Snail1促进了牛前体脂肪细胞的增殖、G1/S细胞周期转变和CCNB1、CCND2、CDK2、CDK4等增殖相关基因表达;CKⅠ、CKⅡ、CDK1/5等多个细胞周期相关激酶可能通过磷酸化修饰Snail1蛋白进而参与细胞增殖调控,而MAPK、PI3K-Akt、mTOR等为Snail1影响牛脂肪细胞增殖潜在的关键节点通路。研究结果为进一步探究Snail1参与牛脂肪生成作用机制奠定了基础。
