AIM: To examine the protection of ferulic acid(FA) against ionizing radiation(IR)-induced lens injury in rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms.METHODS: FA(50 mg/kg) was administered to rats for 4 consecutive days...AIM: To examine the protection of ferulic acid(FA) against ionizing radiation(IR)-induced lens injury in rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms.METHODS: FA(50 mg/kg) was administered to rats for 4 consecutive days before they were given 10 Gy γ-radiation, as well as for 3 consecutive days afterward. Two weeks after radiation, the eye tissues were collected. Histological alterations were evaluated by hematoxylineosin staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was utilized to assess the activities of glutathione reductase(GR) and superoxide dismutase(SOD), as well as the levels of glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the lenses. The protein and m RNA levels of Bcl-2, caspase-3, Bax, heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC) were quantified using Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. With nuclear extracts, the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor(Nrf2) protein expressions in the nuclei were also measured.RESULTS: Rats exposed to IR showed lens histological alterations which could be alleviated by FA. FA treatment reversed apoptosis-related markers in IR-induced lens, as evidenced by lower levels of Bax and caspase-3 and higher level of Bcl-2. Furthermore, IR induced oxidative damage manifested by decreased GSH level, increased MDA level, and decreased SOD and GR activities. FA boosted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased the expressions of HO-1 and GCLC to inhibit oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in GSH, a decrease in MDA, and an increase in GR and SOD activities.CONCLUSION: FA may work well in preventing and treating IR-induced cataract through promoting the Nrf2 signal pathway to attenuate oxidative damage and cell apoptosis.展开更多
Ferulic acid(FA)and p-coumaric acid(pCA)in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It...Ferulic acid(FA)and p-coumaric acid(pCA)in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It was found that the FA and most of the pCA in gramineous biomass could be dissociated and released after being treated with 1 M NaOH at 100℃for 4 h.The yields of pCA/FA in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob determined by GC-FID are 39.8/11.5,13.7/11.0,28.0/11.0,and 35.1/14.5 mg/g,respectively.The raw materials and the treated solid residues were characterized by gel-state 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(2D HSQC NMR).It was found that only a small amount of lignin was detected in the residue after alkali treatment,indicating that the alkali treatment conditions can effectively cleave the FA and pCA.Additionally,the lignin in the alkali solution was recovered and characterized by 2D HSQC NMR.The FA was not able to be detected by NMR,whereas a small amount of pCA remained in the alkali lignin.This study reveals the structural change of residual lignins during the quantitative isolation of FA and pCA,which is essential for the selective isolation of pCA/FA and valorization of residual alkali lignin.展开更多
Objective:To identify the anti-depressive effect of ferulic acid(FA)in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and explore its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mice were divided into 5 groups as follows:Control,LPS,LPS...Objective:To identify the anti-depressive effect of ferulic acid(FA)in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and explore its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mice were divided into 5 groups as follows:Control,LPS,LPS+SP,LPS+FA,and LPS+FA+anisomycin.The LPS+FA and LPS+FA+anisomycin groups were administered with FA(100 mg/kg,i.p.)once daily continuously for 7 days,and the other groups received an equivalent volume of saline.On the 7 th day,LPS(0.1 mg/m L,i.p.)was injected in all mice except the control group 30 min after FA or saline administration.The LPS+SP and LPS+FA+anisomycin groups were intravenously administered with SP600125[c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)inhibitor](100μL/site,i.v.)and anisomycin(JNK activator)(100μL/site,i.v.)15 min before LPS,respectively.The depressive behaviors were assessed by open field test,sucrose preference test,and forced swimming test at 24 h post-LPS administration.Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels in plasma were measured by ELISA.The levels of phospho-JNK,TNF-α,IL-1β,Bcl-2,Bax,cytochrome c and caspase-3 were evaluated by Western blotting.Results:FA alleviated depression symptoms caused by LPS in mice,including increasing sucrose water consumption in sucrose preference test and reducing the immobility time in forced swimming test.FA could inhibit upregulated levels of phospho-JNK,TNF-α,and IL-1β.FA also markedly decreased Bax,caspase-3,and cytochrome c,and increased Bcl-2 levels.Besides,SP600125 showed neuroprotective effect similar to FA which was attenuated by anisomycin.Conclusions:FA attenuates inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting LPS-induced activation of JNK to alleviate depressionlike behaviors.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the inhibitory activity of ferulic acid and four of its esterified derivatives(methyl,ethyl,propyl,and butyl)against resistance mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus strains.Methods:Ferulic acid de...Objective:To evaluate the inhibitory activity of ferulic acid and four of its esterified derivatives(methyl,ethyl,propyl,and butyl)against resistance mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus strains.Methods:Ferulic acid derivatives were obtained by esterification with methanol,ethanol,propanol,and butanol,and then characterized by hydrogen and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)of ferulic acid and its esterified derivatives,ethidium bromide,and norfloxacin were obtained using the microdilution test,while the efflux pump inhibition test was conducted by examining reduction in the MICs of norfloxacin and ethidium bromide.Molecular docking was also carried out using the Schrodinger Suite 2015 molecular modeling software.A three-dimensional model of NorA efflux pump was generated using I-TASSER.The best scoring model was used as a receptor for ligand-receptor docking.Results:The methyl and butyl ester derivatives did not demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity.However,a significant synergic effect was evidenced when norfloxacin was combined with the ethyl and propyl esterified derivatives.The docking study demonstrated favorable energy of interaction between ferulate derivatives and NorA,and amino acid residues TYR57,TYR58,and LEU255 were present commonly in stabilizing all complexes.The PCA analysis corroborated the docking hypothesis that the lipophilic character and hydrogen bond interactions were the most relevant characteristics involved with NorA inhibitors.The pharmacokinetic parameters of ferulic acid derivatives showed good ADMET properties,demonstrating that they can be easily absorbed and have no effect or inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme complex,revealing their potential as drug candidates.Conclusions:This study provides strong evidence that the molecular basis for this activity is potentially due to the NorA efflux pump.展开更多
[Objectives] To increase the reserves distribution and planting area of Ferula resources,protect wild Ferula resources,make comparative analysis on wild and cultivated varieties of Ferula medicinal materials,and provi...[Objectives] To increase the reserves distribution and planting area of Ferula resources,protect wild Ferula resources,make comparative analysis on wild and cultivated varieties of Ferula medicinal materials,and provide references for quality evaluation of Ferula herbs collected from cultivation environment. [Methods] Volatile oil determination and high performance liquid chromatography were used to measure volatile oil and ferulic acid in different parts of wild and cultivated varieties of Ferula. [Results] In the volatile oil measured from artificially pressed Ferula lipid,wild varieties in different places conformed to the pharmacopoeia standard( volatile oil content ≥10%); in cultivated varieties,F. fukanensis K. M. Shen and F. sinkiangensis K. M. shen reached the pharmacopoeia standard. According to measurement results of ferulic acid,the ferulic acid content of roots and leaves of Altay,Fukang,and Yining cultivars were higher than that of wild varieties. [Conclusions]The ferulic medicinal herbs collected from artificial cultivation environment have considerable prospect,and many parts of Ferula herbs can be used for raw materials for preparation of extracts.展开更多
Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a metabolic disease and a leading cause of heart failure among people with diabetes.Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)is a versatile technique capable of combining the molecular specificity ...Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a metabolic disease and a leading cause of heart failure among people with diabetes.Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)is a versatile technique capable of combining the molecular specificity of mass spectrometry(MS)with the spatial information of imaging.In this study,we used MSI to visualize metabolites in the rat heart with high spatial resolution and sensitivity.We optimized the air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization(AFADESI)-MSI platform to detect a wide range of metabolites,and then used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization(MALDI)-MSI for increasing metabolic coverage and improving localization resolution.AFADESI-MSI detected 214 and 149 metabolites in positive and negative analyses of rat heart sections,respectively,while MALDI-MSI detected 61 metabolites in negative analysis.Our study revealed the heterogenous metabolic profile of the heart in a DCM model,with over 105 region-specific changes in the levels of a wide range of metabolite classes,including carbohydrates,amino acids,nucleotides,and their derivatives,fatty acids,glycerol phospholipids,carnitines,and metal ions.The repeated oral administration of ferulic acid during 20 weeks significantly improved most of the metabolic disorders in the DCM model.Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DCM and the potential of ferulic acid as a therapeutic agent for treating this condition.展开更多
A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inoculating alfalfa silage with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculum on feed digestibility,rumen fermentation,antioxidant,and immunity status of lac...A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inoculating alfalfa silage with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculum on feed digestibility,rumen fermentation,antioxidant,and immunity status of lactating dairy goats.Twenty dairy goats were distributed into 2 experimental groups consisting of control diet(Lp MTD/1,including Lactobacillus plantarum MTD/1 inoculated silage)against diet containing silage treated with ferulic acid esterase-producing L.plantarum A1(Lp A1).Alfalfa silage inoculated with a ferulic acid esterase-producing Lp A1 had better fermentation quality than the Lp MTD/1inoculation.The application of Lp A1 improved silage antioxidant capacity as indicated by greater total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathion peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities in Lp A1 treated silage versus Lp MTD/1 treatment.Compared with Lp MTD/1 treated group,inoculation of silage with Lp A1 increased apparent total tract digestibility of dietary dry matter,organic matter and crude protein,and ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids,acetate,propionate and isobutyrate as well.The results of current study also demonstrated improved antioxidant capacity and immune performance of dairy goats with Lp A1 inoculation.Feeding Lp A1-treated silage increased dairy goats’serum antioxidase activity,such as T-AOC,SOD,GSH-Px and catalase,and the serum concentration of immunoglobulin A,while decreased tumor necrosis factor a,interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-6.In addition,compared with Lp MTD/1,diet containing alfalfa silage inoculated with Lp A1 endowed dairy goats’milk with greater fat and protein contents,improved dairy goat milk quality without affecting feed efficiency.展开更多
This study compares the results of three certified methods,namely differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),the mass balance(MB) method and coulometric titrimetry(CT),in the purity assessment of ferulic acid certified re...This study compares the results of three certified methods,namely differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),the mass balance(MB) method and coulometric titrimetry(CT),in the purity assessment of ferulic acid certified reference material(CRM).Purity and expanded uncertainty as determined by the three methods were respectively 99.81%,0.16%;99.79%,0.16%;and 99.81%,0.26%with,in all cases,a coverage factor(k) of 2(P ? 95%).The purity results are consistent indicating that the combination of DSC,the MB method and CT provides a confident assessment of the purity of suitable CRMs like ferulic acid.展开更多
Ferulic acid(FA)and vanillic acid(VA)are considered as major phenolic metabolites of cyanidin 3-glucoside,a polyphenol that widely exists in plants that possess a protective effect against oxidative stress and inflamm...Ferulic acid(FA)and vanillic acid(VA)are considered as major phenolic metabolites of cyanidin 3-glucoside,a polyphenol that widely exists in plants that possess a protective effect against oxidative stress and inflammation in our previous study.This study aimed to investigate the effect of FA and VA on inflammation,gut barrier function,and growth performance in a weaned piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Thirty-six piglets(PIC 337×C48,28 d of age)were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 6 replicate pens(2 piglets per pen).They were fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 4,000 mg/kg of FA or VA.Dietary supplementation of VA significantly increased average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.05).Both FA and VA decreased serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),interlukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α(P<0.05),and enhanced the expression of tight junction protein oclaudin(P<0.05).Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that both FA and VA increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio alongside reducing the relative abundance of the Prevotellaceae family including Prevotella 9 and Prevotella 2 genera,but enriched the Lachoiraceaea family including the Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group(P<0.05).Moreover,VA reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella 7 and Prevotella 1 but enriched Lachnospira,Eubacterium eligens group,and Eubacterium xylanophilum group(P<0.05),while FA showed a limited effect on these genera.The results demonstrated that both VA and FA could alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress,but only VA has a significant positive effect on the growth performance of LPS-challenged piglets potentially through modulating gut microbiota.展开更多
To improve aqueous solubility and anti-ischemic activity of 3-n-butylphthalide(NBP),we designed and synthesized the ring-opened derivative of NBP-ferulic acid-glucose trihybrids(S1-S8).These hybrids inhibited adenosin...To improve aqueous solubility and anti-ischemic activity of 3-n-butylphthalide(NBP),we designed and synthesized the ring-opened derivative of NBP-ferulic acid-glucose trihybrids(S1-S8).These hybrids inhibited adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-or arachidonic acid(AA)-induced platelet aggregation,among them,S2 was 30-fold more water-soluble,and over 10-fold more potent in inhibition of platelet aggregation,as well as reduced ROS generation and protected primary neuronal cells from OGD/Rinduced damage,in comparison with NB P.Additionally,S2 was more active than its three moieties alone or in combination,suggesting that the activity of S2 may be attributed to the synergistic effects of these moieties.Importantly,in vivo studies indicated that S2 not only possessed good pharmacokinetic profile,but also improved NBP distribution in rodent brain,suggesting that the glucose moiety in S2 may be recognized by glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)on blood-brain barrier(BBB),promoting it to penetrate through BBB.Our findings suggest that S2 may be a promising candidate for the intervention of ischemic stroke,warranting further study.展开更多
Ferulic acid(FA)is a phenolic phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects.In recent years,the neuroprotective effects of FA have been studied extensively.Many researchers have attempte...Ferulic acid(FA)is a phenolic phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects.In recent years,the neuroprotective effects of FA have been studied extensively.Many researchers have attempted to use FA to prevent and treat neurological diseases and have made some progress.This paper mainly collated the study of the protective effect of FA on stroke and summarized the protective effect of FA on ischemic stroke and the potential protective effects of FA on neurovascular units.展开更多
Ferulic acid(FA)is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids in the plant world,especially in the cell wall of grain bran,in comparison with forage and crop residues.Previous studies noted that FA was mainly link...Ferulic acid(FA)is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids in the plant world,especially in the cell wall of grain bran,in comparison with forage and crop residues.Previous studies noted that FA was mainly linked with arabinoxylans and lignin in plant cell walls in ester and ether covalent forms.After forages were ingested by ruminant animals or encountered rumen microbial fermentation in vitro,these cross-linkages form physical and chemical barriers to protect cell-wall carbohydrates from microbial attack and enzymatic hydrolysis.Additionally,increasing studies noted that FA presented some toxic effect on microbial growth in the rumen.In recent decades,many studies have addressed the relationships of ester and/or ether-linked FA with rumen nutrient digestibility,and there is still some controversy whether these linkages could be used as a predicator of forage digestibility in ruminants.The authors in this review summarized the possible relationships between ester and/or ether-linked FA and fiber digestion in ruminants.Rumen microbes,especially bacteria and fungi,were found capable of breaking down the ester linkages within plant cell walls by secreting feruloyl and p-coumaroyl esterase,resulting in the release of free FA and improvement of cell wall digestibility.The increasing evidence noted that these esterases secreted by rumen microbes presented synergistic effects with xylanase and cellulase to effectively hydrolyze forage cell walls.Some released FA were absorbed through the rumen wall directly and entered into blood circulation and presented antioxidant effects on host animals.The others were partially catabolized into volatile fatty acids by rumen microbes,and the possible catabolic pathways discussed.To better understand plant cell wall degradation in the rumen,the metabolic fate of FA along with lignin decomposition mechanisms are needed to be explored via future microbial isolation and incubation studies with aims to maximize dietary fiber intake and enhance fiber digestion in ruminant animals.展开更多
Dietary fiber is named as “the 7th nutrient” for humans, which is beneficial to improve intestinal healthand prevent metabolic disease of the host. Mechanisms of dietary fiber administration on improved hosthealth a...Dietary fiber is named as “the 7th nutrient” for humans, which is beneficial to improve intestinal healthand prevent metabolic disease of the host. Mechanisms of dietary fiber administration on improved hosthealth are mediated by short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are reported to activate G protein-coupledreceptors (GPR) and suppress activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) to down-regulate expression ofnuclear factor-к-gene binding (NF-кB) signaling. Arabinoxylan is fermented by gut microbiota to produceSCFA and improved microbial community composition, intestinal barrier functions and host health.Interestingly, the latest publications have observed that ferulic acid combined with the arabinose inarabinoxylans from various cereal grains can be released through gut microbial fermentation. Ferulic acidcan improve antioxidase activity and decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration by activatingthe signaling pathway of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor-2(Keap1-Nrf2). However, the role of ferulic acid in cooperation with SCFA produced from microbialfermentation of cereal-derived arabinoxylan to regulate the intestinal health and host metabolisms, hasbeen widely unclear. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of ferulic acid from microbialfermentation of cereal-derived arabinoxylans on immunological functions and physiological metabolismsof the host. The evidence presented in the review indicates that dietary supplementation withcereal-derived arabinoxylans improves antioxidant capacity of intestinal epithelial cells due to theproduction of ferulic acid and SCFA from microbial fermentation. Ferulic acid can cooperate with SCFA toregulate intestinal integrity and immunological functions of the host. Peroxisome proliferator activatedreceptorg (PPARg) may play an important role in integrating ferulic acid and SCFA to regulate host healthand metabolism.展开更多
Background Ferulic acid esterase(FAE)-secreting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1(Lp A1)is a promising silage inoculant due to the FAE’s ability to alter the plant cell wall structure during ensiling,an action that is...Background Ferulic acid esterase(FAE)-secreting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1(Lp A1)is a promising silage inoculant due to the FAE’s ability to alter the plant cell wall structure during ensiling,an action that is expected to improve forage digestibility.However,little is known regarding the impacts of Lp A1 on rumen microbiota.Our research assessed the influences of Lp A1 in comparison to a widely adopted commercial inoculant Lp MTD/1 on alfalfa’s ensilage,in vitro rumen incubation and microbiota.Results Samples of fresh and ensiled alfalfa treated with(either Lp A1 or Lp MTD/1)or without additives(as control;CON)and ensiled for 30,60 and 90 d were used for fermentation quality,in vitro digestibility and batch culture study.Inoculants treated silage had lower(P<0.001)pH,acetic acid concentration and dry matter(DM)loss,but higher(P=0.001)lactic acid concentration than the CON during ensiling.Compared to the CON and Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had lower(P<0.001)aNDF,ADF,ADL,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents and higher(P<0.001)free ferulic acid concentration.Compared silage treated with Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had significantly(P<0.01)improved ruminal gas production and digestibility,which were equivalent to those of fresh alfalfa.Realtime PCR analysis indicated that Lp A1 inoculation improved the relative abundances of rumen’s total bacteria,fungi,Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens,while the relative abundance of methanogens was reduced by Lp MTD/1 compared with CON.Principal component analysis of rumen bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed a clear distinction between CON and inoculated treatments without noticeable distinction between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Comparison analysis revealed differences in the relative abundance of some bacteria in different taxa between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Silage treated with Lp A1 exhibited improved rumen fermentation characteristics due to the inoculant effects on the rumen microbial populations and bacterial community.Conclusions Our findings suggest that silage inoculation of the FAE-producing Lp A1 could be effective in improving silage quality and digestibility,and modulating the rumen fermentation to improve feed utilization.展开更多
A feruloyl esterase (FAE-C6) gene of 957 bp was isolated from rumen microbial metagenome, subcloned into pET32b vector, and expressed in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Escheri...A feruloyl esterase (FAE-C6) gene of 957 bp was isolated from rumen microbial metagenome, subcloned into pET32b vector, and expressed in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Escherichia</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The enzyme purified in active form, consisted of 319 amino acid residues, with a molecular weight of 43.7 based on SDS-PAGE. Homology modeling showed that the FAE contained the catalytic triad composed of Ser</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">154-</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Asp</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">263</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">His</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">295</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a classical Gly-X-Ser</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">154</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-X-Gly nucleophile motif commonly found in esterases. The FAE-C6 was characterized using corn fiber as substrate. Its combining action with glycoside hydrolases (C, X, A) individually and in various combinations was studied with focus on the difference in</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> effects on FA and sugar release. Glycoside hydrolases with endo-xylanase included in the enzyme mixture showed significant impact on increasing the FA yield. For the release of sugar, FAE enhanced the yield in all hydrolase combinations moderately and endo-xylanase was not the key factor in the enzyme formulation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate anti-tumor effect of rice bran hydrolysates(RBH)on proliferation,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)cells,and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods:RBH was pre...Objective:To investigate anti-tumor effect of rice bran hydrolysates(RBH)on proliferation,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)cells,and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods:RBH was prepared from Tubtim Chumprae rice(Oryza sativa L.)by hydrothermolysis followed by protease digestion.Phenolic content in RBH was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Human CCA cells,KKU-156,KKU-452,and KKU-100,were used to study the effects of RBH on proliferation,migration,invasion,and adhesion by wound healing,Transwell chamber,and fibronectin cell adhesion assays.Angiogenesis was evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Proteins associated with cancer progression were analyzed by immunobloting assays.Results:RBH contained carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and various phenolic compounds and flavonoids.RBH did not inhibit CCA proliferation,but strongly suppressed migration,invasion,adhesion of CCA cells,and the formation of tube-like capillary structures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Moreover,RBH downregulated phosphorylation of FAK,PI3K,and Akt,suppressed NF-κB nuclear translocation,decreased the expression of ICAM-1,vimentin and vascular endothelium growth factor(VEGF),and increased the expression of E-cadherin.Conclusions:RBH suppresses CCA cell migration and invasion and decreases expression of proteins involved in cancer metastasis.RBH is a potential food supplement for cancer prevention.展开更多
1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol, A 8-O-4’ neolignan, has been stereoselectively synthesized in eight steps from ferulic acid, and the directly cis opening of epoxide in ep...1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol, A 8-O-4’ neolignan, has been stereoselectively synthesized in eight steps from ferulic acid, and the directly cis opening of epoxide in epoxidation and Mitsunobu reaction were used ingeniously as two key steps with high stereoselectivity.展开更多
The quality standard of Chuanxiong toothpaste was established.HPLC was used to determine the content of ferulic acid in Chuanxiong toothpaste and TLC was used to identify the Chuanxiong in the toothpaste.The content o...The quality standard of Chuanxiong toothpaste was established.HPLC was used to determine the content of ferulic acid in Chuanxiong toothpaste and TLC was used to identify the Chuanxiong in the toothpaste.The content of active ingredients extracted from Traditional Chinese medicine by decocting water was high,and the corresponding toothpaste had a good hemostatic effect.The identification by use of thin layer chromatography(TLC)showed with clear spots and strong specificity for both the test product and the control product(Levistilide A)as observed under ultraviolet light(254 nm)with n-hexane-ethyl acetate(3∶1)as the developing agent,which could be used as the basis for the qualitative identification of Chuanxiong toothpaste.The ferulic acid in the range of 0.019,3~0.481,7μg mL^(-1) showed a good linear relationship with the peak area and the recovery rate of sample was between 99.5%and 101.2%.This method was simple,stable and reliable,and could be used as the quality control method for ferulic acid in Chuanxiong toothpaste.展开更多
The use of immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozymò 435) to catalyze ferulic acid of esterification was investigated in this study. The synthesis product was analyzed using HPLC. The results revealed ...The use of immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozymò 435) to catalyze ferulic acid of esterification was investigated in this study. The synthesis product was analyzed using HPLC. The results revealed that the major product was 2-ethylhexyl ferulate. Response surface methodology and 3-level-3-factor central composite rotatable design were adopted to evaluate the effects of synthesis variables, including reaction temperature (60℃- 80℃), enzyme amount (500 - 1500 PLU) and reaction time (8 - 24 h) on the percentage molar conversion of 2-ethylhexyl ferulate. The results showed that reaction temperature and reaction time were the most important parameters on percentage molar conversion. Based on ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions for synthesis were: reaction time 23 h, reaction temperature 71℃?and enzyme amount 1422 PLU. The molar conversion of actual experimental values was 98% under optimal conditions.展开更多
The Liverpool Plains is a fertile agricultural region in New South Wales, Australia. Two sorghums from the2009 Liverpool Plains harvest, sorghums #3 and #5, were extensively characterised which included concentrations...The Liverpool Plains is a fertile agricultural region in New South Wales, Australia. Two sorghums from the2009 Liverpool Plains harvest, sorghums #3 and #5, were extensively characterised which included concentrations of kafirin and phenolic compounds plus rapid visco-analysis(RVA) starch pasting profiles. Diets based on these two sorghums were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic and were offered to male Ross 308 broiler chicks from 7 to 28 days post–hatch as either intact pellets or reground mash following steam-pelleting at conditioning temperatures of either 65 or 97°C. Thus the feeding study consisted of a 2×2×2 factorial array of dietary treatments: two sorghum varieties, two feed forms and two conditioning temperatures. Each of the eight treatments was replicated six times with six birds per replicate cage.Assessed parameters included growth performance, nutrient utilisation, apparent starch and protein(N) digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates from the distal jejunum and distal ileum. Intact pellets supported higher(P <0.001) feed intakes and weight gains by 9.83 and 9.08%, respectively, than reground mash diets. Feed conversion ratios of broilers offered diets steam-conditioned at 97°C were 2.46% inferior(P <0.001) in comparison to 65°C diets and both apparent metabolizable energy(AME) and N-corrected AME(AMEn) were compromised. Broilers offered sorghum #3-based diets significantly(P <0.001) outperformed their sorghum #5 counterparts in terms of weight gain by 3.75%(1,334 versus 1,223 g/bird), FCR by 4.81%(1.524 versus 1.601), AME by 1.06 MJ(13.61 versus 12.55 MJ/kg), ME:GE ratio(ME:GE) by 4.81%(0.806 versus0.769) and AMEn by 1.03 MJ(12.38 versus 11.35 MJ/kg). The inferiority of sorghum #5 appeared to be associated with higher concentrations of kafirin(61.5 versus 50.7 g/kg) and conjugated phenolic acids,including ferulic acid(31.1 versus 25.6 mg/g). There were no significant differences in jejunal and ileal starch and protein(N) digestibility coefficients between the two sorghums. However, starch to protein(N) disappearance rate ratios from the distal jejunum were significantly(P <0.001) correlated with ME:GE and AME. The multiple linear regression equations indicated that energy utilisation was enhanced by coupling rapidly digestible protein with slowly digestible starch, which suggests that bilateral bioavailability of starch and protein is pivotal to efficient energy utilisation.展开更多
基金Supported by Medical Science Foundation of Military for Young Scholars (No.19QNP064)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20191233)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (No.2022ZB702)。
文摘AIM: To examine the protection of ferulic acid(FA) against ionizing radiation(IR)-induced lens injury in rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms.METHODS: FA(50 mg/kg) was administered to rats for 4 consecutive days before they were given 10 Gy γ-radiation, as well as for 3 consecutive days afterward. Two weeks after radiation, the eye tissues were collected. Histological alterations were evaluated by hematoxylineosin staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was utilized to assess the activities of glutathione reductase(GR) and superoxide dismutase(SOD), as well as the levels of glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the lenses. The protein and m RNA levels of Bcl-2, caspase-3, Bax, heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC) were quantified using Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. With nuclear extracts, the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor(Nrf2) protein expressions in the nuclei were also measured.RESULTS: Rats exposed to IR showed lens histological alterations which could be alleviated by FA. FA treatment reversed apoptosis-related markers in IR-induced lens, as evidenced by lower levels of Bax and caspase-3 and higher level of Bcl-2. Furthermore, IR induced oxidative damage manifested by decreased GSH level, increased MDA level, and decreased SOD and GR activities. FA boosted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased the expressions of HO-1 and GCLC to inhibit oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in GSH, a decrease in MDA, and an increase in GR and SOD activities.CONCLUSION: FA may work well in preventing and treating IR-induced cataract through promoting the Nrf2 signal pathway to attenuate oxidative damage and cell apoptosis.
基金grateful for the financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870560,22108088)the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(South China University of Technology),No.202105.
文摘Ferulic acid(FA)and p-coumaric acid(pCA)in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It was found that the FA and most of the pCA in gramineous biomass could be dissociated and released after being treated with 1 M NaOH at 100℃for 4 h.The yields of pCA/FA in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob determined by GC-FID are 39.8/11.5,13.7/11.0,28.0/11.0,and 35.1/14.5 mg/g,respectively.The raw materials and the treated solid residues were characterized by gel-state 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(2D HSQC NMR).It was found that only a small amount of lignin was detected in the residue after alkali treatment,indicating that the alkali treatment conditions can effectively cleave the FA and pCA.Additionally,the lignin in the alkali solution was recovered and characterized by 2D HSQC NMR.The FA was not able to be detected by NMR,whereas a small amount of pCA remained in the alkali lignin.This study reveals the structural change of residual lignins during the quantitative isolation of FA and pCA,which is essential for the selective isolation of pCA/FA and valorization of residual alkali lignin.
基金supported by the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(YY-042)Xuzhou Science&Technology Plan Project(KC16SG250)
文摘Objective:To identify the anti-depressive effect of ferulic acid(FA)in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and explore its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mice were divided into 5 groups as follows:Control,LPS,LPS+SP,LPS+FA,and LPS+FA+anisomycin.The LPS+FA and LPS+FA+anisomycin groups were administered with FA(100 mg/kg,i.p.)once daily continuously for 7 days,and the other groups received an equivalent volume of saline.On the 7 th day,LPS(0.1 mg/m L,i.p.)was injected in all mice except the control group 30 min after FA or saline administration.The LPS+SP and LPS+FA+anisomycin groups were intravenously administered with SP600125[c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)inhibitor](100μL/site,i.v.)and anisomycin(JNK activator)(100μL/site,i.v.)15 min before LPS,respectively.The depressive behaviors were assessed by open field test,sucrose preference test,and forced swimming test at 24 h post-LPS administration.Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels in plasma were measured by ELISA.The levels of phospho-JNK,TNF-α,IL-1β,Bcl-2,Bax,cytochrome c and caspase-3 were evaluated by Western blotting.Results:FA alleviated depression symptoms caused by LPS in mice,including increasing sucrose water consumption in sucrose preference test and reducing the immobility time in forced swimming test.FA could inhibit upregulated levels of phospho-JNK,TNF-α,and IL-1β.FA also markedly decreased Bax,caspase-3,and cytochrome c,and increased Bcl-2 levels.Besides,SP600125 showed neuroprotective effect similar to FA which was attenuated by anisomycin.Conclusions:FA attenuates inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting LPS-induced activation of JNK to alleviate depressionlike behaviors.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the inhibitory activity of ferulic acid and four of its esterified derivatives(methyl,ethyl,propyl,and butyl)against resistance mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus strains.Methods:Ferulic acid derivatives were obtained by esterification with methanol,ethanol,propanol,and butanol,and then characterized by hydrogen and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)of ferulic acid and its esterified derivatives,ethidium bromide,and norfloxacin were obtained using the microdilution test,while the efflux pump inhibition test was conducted by examining reduction in the MICs of norfloxacin and ethidium bromide.Molecular docking was also carried out using the Schrodinger Suite 2015 molecular modeling software.A three-dimensional model of NorA efflux pump was generated using I-TASSER.The best scoring model was used as a receptor for ligand-receptor docking.Results:The methyl and butyl ester derivatives did not demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity.However,a significant synergic effect was evidenced when norfloxacin was combined with the ethyl and propyl esterified derivatives.The docking study demonstrated favorable energy of interaction between ferulate derivatives and NorA,and amino acid residues TYR57,TYR58,and LEU255 were present commonly in stabilizing all complexes.The PCA analysis corroborated the docking hypothesis that the lipophilic character and hydrogen bond interactions were the most relevant characteristics involved with NorA inhibitors.The pharmacokinetic parameters of ferulic acid derivatives showed good ADMET properties,demonstrating that they can be easily absorbed and have no effect or inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme complex,revealing their potential as drug candidates.Conclusions:This study provides strong evidence that the molecular basis for this activity is potentially due to the NorA efflux pump.
基金Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology"Wild Tending and Artificial Cultivation Base Construction of Endangered Medicinal Material Ferula"(2015)Yili Botanical Garden Planning and Design and Pre-construction Project(20130122-1)
文摘[Objectives] To increase the reserves distribution and planting area of Ferula resources,protect wild Ferula resources,make comparative analysis on wild and cultivated varieties of Ferula medicinal materials,and provide references for quality evaluation of Ferula herbs collected from cultivation environment. [Methods] Volatile oil determination and high performance liquid chromatography were used to measure volatile oil and ferulic acid in different parts of wild and cultivated varieties of Ferula. [Results] In the volatile oil measured from artificially pressed Ferula lipid,wild varieties in different places conformed to the pharmacopoeia standard( volatile oil content ≥10%); in cultivated varieties,F. fukanensis K. M. Shen and F. sinkiangensis K. M. shen reached the pharmacopoeia standard. According to measurement results of ferulic acid,the ferulic acid content of roots and leaves of Altay,Fukang,and Yining cultivars were higher than that of wild varieties. [Conclusions]The ferulic medicinal herbs collected from artificial cultivation environment have considerable prospect,and many parts of Ferula herbs can be used for raw materials for preparation of extracts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:21927808 and 81803483).
文摘Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a metabolic disease and a leading cause of heart failure among people with diabetes.Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)is a versatile technique capable of combining the molecular specificity of mass spectrometry(MS)with the spatial information of imaging.In this study,we used MSI to visualize metabolites in the rat heart with high spatial resolution and sensitivity.We optimized the air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization(AFADESI)-MSI platform to detect a wide range of metabolites,and then used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization(MALDI)-MSI for increasing metabolic coverage and improving localization resolution.AFADESI-MSI detected 214 and 149 metabolites in positive and negative analyses of rat heart sections,respectively,while MALDI-MSI detected 61 metabolites in negative analysis.Our study revealed the heterogenous metabolic profile of the heart in a DCM model,with over 105 region-specific changes in the levels of a wide range of metabolite classes,including carbohydrates,amino acids,nucleotides,and their derivatives,fatty acids,glycerol phospholipids,carnitines,and metal ions.The repeated oral administration of ferulic acid during 20 weeks significantly improved most of the metabolic disorders in the DCM model.Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DCM and the potential of ferulic acid as a therapeutic agent for treating this condition.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901390)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0104300)。
文摘A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inoculating alfalfa silage with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculum on feed digestibility,rumen fermentation,antioxidant,and immunity status of lactating dairy goats.Twenty dairy goats were distributed into 2 experimental groups consisting of control diet(Lp MTD/1,including Lactobacillus plantarum MTD/1 inoculated silage)against diet containing silage treated with ferulic acid esterase-producing L.plantarum A1(Lp A1).Alfalfa silage inoculated with a ferulic acid esterase-producing Lp A1 had better fermentation quality than the Lp MTD/1inoculation.The application of Lp A1 improved silage antioxidant capacity as indicated by greater total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathion peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities in Lp A1 treated silage versus Lp MTD/1 treatment.Compared with Lp MTD/1 treated group,inoculation of silage with Lp A1 increased apparent total tract digestibility of dietary dry matter,organic matter and crude protein,and ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids,acetate,propionate and isobutyrate as well.The results of current study also demonstrated improved antioxidant capacity and immune performance of dairy goats with Lp A1 inoculation.Feeding Lp A1-treated silage increased dairy goats’serum antioxidase activity,such as T-AOC,SOD,GSH-Px and catalase,and the serum concentration of immunoglobulin A,while decreased tumor necrosis factor a,interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-6.In addition,compared with Lp MTD/1,diet containing alfalfa silage inoculated with Lp A1 endowed dairy goats’milk with greater fat and protein contents,improved dairy goat milk quality without affecting feed efficiency.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (No.2007FY130100)Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for "Significant New Drugs Creation" of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (No.2012ZX09301002-001-013)
文摘This study compares the results of three certified methods,namely differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),the mass balance(MB) method and coulometric titrimetry(CT),in the purity assessment of ferulic acid certified reference material(CRM).Purity and expanded uncertainty as determined by the three methods were respectively 99.81%,0.16%;99.79%,0.16%;and 99.81%,0.26%with,in all cases,a coverage factor(k) of 2(P ? 95%).The purity results are consistent indicating that the combination of DSC,the MB method and CT provides a confident assessment of the purity of suitable CRMs like ferulic acid.
基金This work was partially supported by the funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31741115,32102578)Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021T140715)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(2019JJ30012)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(18B098).
文摘Ferulic acid(FA)and vanillic acid(VA)are considered as major phenolic metabolites of cyanidin 3-glucoside,a polyphenol that widely exists in plants that possess a protective effect against oxidative stress and inflammation in our previous study.This study aimed to investigate the effect of FA and VA on inflammation,gut barrier function,and growth performance in a weaned piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Thirty-six piglets(PIC 337×C48,28 d of age)were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 6 replicate pens(2 piglets per pen).They were fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 4,000 mg/kg of FA or VA.Dietary supplementation of VA significantly increased average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.05).Both FA and VA decreased serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),interlukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α(P<0.05),and enhanced the expression of tight junction protein oclaudin(P<0.05).Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that both FA and VA increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio alongside reducing the relative abundance of the Prevotellaceae family including Prevotella 9 and Prevotella 2 genera,but enriched the Lachoiraceaea family including the Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group(P<0.05).Moreover,VA reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella 7 and Prevotella 1 but enriched Lachnospira,Eubacterium eligens group,and Eubacterium xylanophilum group(P<0.05),while FA showed a limited effect on these genera.The results demonstrated that both VA and FA could alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress,but only VA has a significant positive effect on the growth performance of LPS-challenged piglets potentially through modulating gut microbiota.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81773573,81822041,21977116 and 81673305)National Science&Technology Major Project“Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program”(No.2018ZX09711002006-013)+2 种基金the open project of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines(No.SKLNMZZCX201824)State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis,Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia Fund(No.SKL-HIDCA-2018-1)Part of the work was supported by Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX18_0795)。
文摘To improve aqueous solubility and anti-ischemic activity of 3-n-butylphthalide(NBP),we designed and synthesized the ring-opened derivative of NBP-ferulic acid-glucose trihybrids(S1-S8).These hybrids inhibited adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-or arachidonic acid(AA)-induced platelet aggregation,among them,S2 was 30-fold more water-soluble,and over 10-fold more potent in inhibition of platelet aggregation,as well as reduced ROS generation and protected primary neuronal cells from OGD/Rinduced damage,in comparison with NB P.Additionally,S2 was more active than its three moieties alone or in combination,suggesting that the activity of S2 may be attributed to the synergistic effects of these moieties.Importantly,in vivo studies indicated that S2 not only possessed good pharmacokinetic profile,but also improved NBP distribution in rodent brain,suggesting that the glucose moiety in S2 may be recognized by glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)on blood-brain barrier(BBB),promoting it to penetrate through BBB.Our findings suggest that S2 may be a promising candidate for the intervention of ischemic stroke,warranting further study.
文摘Ferulic acid(FA)is a phenolic phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects.In recent years,the neuroprotective effects of FA have been studied extensively.Many researchers have attempted to use FA to prevent and treat neurological diseases and have made some progress.This paper mainly collated the study of the protective effect of FA on stroke and summarized the protective effect of FA on ischemic stroke and the potential protective effects of FA on neurovascular units.
基金the financial supports for Sheep Feed Evaluation&Feed Table Establishment from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(Project No.ZR20MAC10/9)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31072054).
文摘Ferulic acid(FA)is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids in the plant world,especially in the cell wall of grain bran,in comparison with forage and crop residues.Previous studies noted that FA was mainly linked with arabinoxylans and lignin in plant cell walls in ester and ether covalent forms.After forages were ingested by ruminant animals or encountered rumen microbial fermentation in vitro,these cross-linkages form physical and chemical barriers to protect cell-wall carbohydrates from microbial attack and enzymatic hydrolysis.Additionally,increasing studies noted that FA presented some toxic effect on microbial growth in the rumen.In recent decades,many studies have addressed the relationships of ester and/or ether-linked FA with rumen nutrient digestibility,and there is still some controversy whether these linkages could be used as a predicator of forage digestibility in ruminants.The authors in this review summarized the possible relationships between ester and/or ether-linked FA and fiber digestion in ruminants.Rumen microbes,especially bacteria and fungi,were found capable of breaking down the ester linkages within plant cell walls by secreting feruloyl and p-coumaroyl esterase,resulting in the release of free FA and improvement of cell wall digestibility.The increasing evidence noted that these esterases secreted by rumen microbes presented synergistic effects with xylanase and cellulase to effectively hydrolyze forage cell walls.Some released FA were absorbed through the rumen wall directly and entered into blood circulation and presented antioxidant effects on host animals.The others were partially catabolized into volatile fatty acids by rumen microbes,and the possible catabolic pathways discussed.To better understand plant cell wall degradation in the rumen,the metabolic fate of FA along with lignin decomposition mechanisms are needed to be explored via future microbial isolation and incubation studies with aims to maximize dietary fiber intake and enhance fiber digestion in ruminant animals.
基金the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovation Talents(BX20200365)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680771).
文摘Dietary fiber is named as “the 7th nutrient” for humans, which is beneficial to improve intestinal healthand prevent metabolic disease of the host. Mechanisms of dietary fiber administration on improved hosthealth are mediated by short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are reported to activate G protein-coupledreceptors (GPR) and suppress activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) to down-regulate expression ofnuclear factor-к-gene binding (NF-кB) signaling. Arabinoxylan is fermented by gut microbiota to produceSCFA and improved microbial community composition, intestinal barrier functions and host health.Interestingly, the latest publications have observed that ferulic acid combined with the arabinose inarabinoxylans from various cereal grains can be released through gut microbial fermentation. Ferulic acidcan improve antioxidase activity and decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration by activatingthe signaling pathway of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor-2(Keap1-Nrf2). However, the role of ferulic acid in cooperation with SCFA produced from microbialfermentation of cereal-derived arabinoxylan to regulate the intestinal health and host metabolisms, hasbeen widely unclear. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of ferulic acid from microbialfermentation of cereal-derived arabinoxylans on immunological functions and physiological metabolismsof the host. The evidence presented in the review indicates that dietary supplementation withcereal-derived arabinoxylans improves antioxidant capacity of intestinal epithelial cells due to theproduction of ferulic acid and SCFA from microbial fermentation. Ferulic acid can cooperate with SCFA toregulate intestinal integrity and immunological functions of the host. Peroxisome proliferator activatedreceptorg (PPARg) may play an important role in integrating ferulic acid and SCFA to regulate host healthand metabolism.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(project no.31901390)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(project no.2022M711451)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(22JR5RA527)。
文摘Background Ferulic acid esterase(FAE)-secreting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1(Lp A1)is a promising silage inoculant due to the FAE’s ability to alter the plant cell wall structure during ensiling,an action that is expected to improve forage digestibility.However,little is known regarding the impacts of Lp A1 on rumen microbiota.Our research assessed the influences of Lp A1 in comparison to a widely adopted commercial inoculant Lp MTD/1 on alfalfa’s ensilage,in vitro rumen incubation and microbiota.Results Samples of fresh and ensiled alfalfa treated with(either Lp A1 or Lp MTD/1)or without additives(as control;CON)and ensiled for 30,60 and 90 d were used for fermentation quality,in vitro digestibility and batch culture study.Inoculants treated silage had lower(P<0.001)pH,acetic acid concentration and dry matter(DM)loss,but higher(P=0.001)lactic acid concentration than the CON during ensiling.Compared to the CON and Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had lower(P<0.001)aNDF,ADF,ADL,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents and higher(P<0.001)free ferulic acid concentration.Compared silage treated with Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had significantly(P<0.01)improved ruminal gas production and digestibility,which were equivalent to those of fresh alfalfa.Realtime PCR analysis indicated that Lp A1 inoculation improved the relative abundances of rumen’s total bacteria,fungi,Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens,while the relative abundance of methanogens was reduced by Lp MTD/1 compared with CON.Principal component analysis of rumen bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed a clear distinction between CON and inoculated treatments without noticeable distinction between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Comparison analysis revealed differences in the relative abundance of some bacteria in different taxa between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Silage treated with Lp A1 exhibited improved rumen fermentation characteristics due to the inoculant effects on the rumen microbial populations and bacterial community.Conclusions Our findings suggest that silage inoculation of the FAE-producing Lp A1 could be effective in improving silage quality and digestibility,and modulating the rumen fermentation to improve feed utilization.
文摘A feruloyl esterase (FAE-C6) gene of 957 bp was isolated from rumen microbial metagenome, subcloned into pET32b vector, and expressed in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Escherichia</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The enzyme purified in active form, consisted of 319 amino acid residues, with a molecular weight of 43.7 based on SDS-PAGE. Homology modeling showed that the FAE contained the catalytic triad composed of Ser</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">154-</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Asp</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">263</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">His</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">295</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a classical Gly-X-Ser</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">154</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-X-Gly nucleophile motif commonly found in esterases. The FAE-C6 was characterized using corn fiber as substrate. Its combining action with glycoside hydrolases (C, X, A) individually and in various combinations was studied with focus on the difference in</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> effects on FA and sugar release. Glycoside hydrolases with endo-xylanase included in the enzyme mixture showed significant impact on increasing the FA yield. For the release of sugar, FAE enhanced the yield in all hydrolase combinations moderately and endo-xylanase was not the key factor in the enzyme formulation.
基金supported by Bureau of Rice Research&Development,ThailandGrant-in-aid from Faculty of Medicine(IN62133),Khon Kaen University,Thailand。
文摘Objective:To investigate anti-tumor effect of rice bran hydrolysates(RBH)on proliferation,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)cells,and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods:RBH was prepared from Tubtim Chumprae rice(Oryza sativa L.)by hydrothermolysis followed by protease digestion.Phenolic content in RBH was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Human CCA cells,KKU-156,KKU-452,and KKU-100,were used to study the effects of RBH on proliferation,migration,invasion,and adhesion by wound healing,Transwell chamber,and fibronectin cell adhesion assays.Angiogenesis was evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Proteins associated with cancer progression were analyzed by immunobloting assays.Results:RBH contained carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and various phenolic compounds and flavonoids.RBH did not inhibit CCA proliferation,but strongly suppressed migration,invasion,adhesion of CCA cells,and the formation of tube-like capillary structures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Moreover,RBH downregulated phosphorylation of FAK,PI3K,and Akt,suppressed NF-κB nuclear translocation,decreased the expression of ICAM-1,vimentin and vascular endothelium growth factor(VEGF),and increased the expression of E-cadherin.Conclusions:RBH suppresses CCA cell migration and invasion and decreases expression of proteins involved in cancer metastasis.RBH is a potential food supplement for cancer prevention.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.29972015).
文摘1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol, A 8-O-4’ neolignan, has been stereoselectively synthesized in eight steps from ferulic acid, and the directly cis opening of epoxide in epoxidation and Mitsunobu reaction were used ingeniously as two key steps with high stereoselectivity.
文摘The quality standard of Chuanxiong toothpaste was established.HPLC was used to determine the content of ferulic acid in Chuanxiong toothpaste and TLC was used to identify the Chuanxiong in the toothpaste.The content of active ingredients extracted from Traditional Chinese medicine by decocting water was high,and the corresponding toothpaste had a good hemostatic effect.The identification by use of thin layer chromatography(TLC)showed with clear spots and strong specificity for both the test product and the control product(Levistilide A)as observed under ultraviolet light(254 nm)with n-hexane-ethyl acetate(3∶1)as the developing agent,which could be used as the basis for the qualitative identification of Chuanxiong toothpaste.The ferulic acid in the range of 0.019,3~0.481,7μg mL^(-1) showed a good linear relationship with the peak area and the recovery rate of sample was between 99.5%and 101.2%.This method was simple,stable and reliable,and could be used as the quality control method for ferulic acid in Chuanxiong toothpaste.
文摘The use of immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozymò 435) to catalyze ferulic acid of esterification was investigated in this study. The synthesis product was analyzed using HPLC. The results revealed that the major product was 2-ethylhexyl ferulate. Response surface methodology and 3-level-3-factor central composite rotatable design were adopted to evaluate the effects of synthesis variables, including reaction temperature (60℃- 80℃), enzyme amount (500 - 1500 PLU) and reaction time (8 - 24 h) on the percentage molar conversion of 2-ethylhexyl ferulate. The results showed that reaction temperature and reaction time were the most important parameters on percentage molar conversion. Based on ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions for synthesis were: reaction time 23 h, reaction temperature 71℃?and enzyme amount 1422 PLU. The molar conversion of actual experimental values was 98% under optimal conditions.
基金funding the sorghum steam-pelleting temperatures project
文摘The Liverpool Plains is a fertile agricultural region in New South Wales, Australia. Two sorghums from the2009 Liverpool Plains harvest, sorghums #3 and #5, were extensively characterised which included concentrations of kafirin and phenolic compounds plus rapid visco-analysis(RVA) starch pasting profiles. Diets based on these two sorghums were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic and were offered to male Ross 308 broiler chicks from 7 to 28 days post–hatch as either intact pellets or reground mash following steam-pelleting at conditioning temperatures of either 65 or 97°C. Thus the feeding study consisted of a 2×2×2 factorial array of dietary treatments: two sorghum varieties, two feed forms and two conditioning temperatures. Each of the eight treatments was replicated six times with six birds per replicate cage.Assessed parameters included growth performance, nutrient utilisation, apparent starch and protein(N) digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates from the distal jejunum and distal ileum. Intact pellets supported higher(P <0.001) feed intakes and weight gains by 9.83 and 9.08%, respectively, than reground mash diets. Feed conversion ratios of broilers offered diets steam-conditioned at 97°C were 2.46% inferior(P <0.001) in comparison to 65°C diets and both apparent metabolizable energy(AME) and N-corrected AME(AMEn) were compromised. Broilers offered sorghum #3-based diets significantly(P <0.001) outperformed their sorghum #5 counterparts in terms of weight gain by 3.75%(1,334 versus 1,223 g/bird), FCR by 4.81%(1.524 versus 1.601), AME by 1.06 MJ(13.61 versus 12.55 MJ/kg), ME:GE ratio(ME:GE) by 4.81%(0.806 versus0.769) and AMEn by 1.03 MJ(12.38 versus 11.35 MJ/kg). The inferiority of sorghum #5 appeared to be associated with higher concentrations of kafirin(61.5 versus 50.7 g/kg) and conjugated phenolic acids,including ferulic acid(31.1 versus 25.6 mg/g). There were no significant differences in jejunal and ileal starch and protein(N) digestibility coefficients between the two sorghums. However, starch to protein(N) disappearance rate ratios from the distal jejunum were significantly(P <0.001) correlated with ME:GE and AME. The multiple linear regression equations indicated that energy utilisation was enhanced by coupling rapidly digestible protein with slowly digestible starch, which suggests that bilateral bioavailability of starch and protein is pivotal to efficient energy utilisation.
