Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain an Australian perspective on evaluating the utility of plain film radiography and computed tomography (CT) to rule out fish bone impaction in the upper aerodig...Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain an Australian perspective on evaluating the utility of plain film radiography and computed tomography (CT) to rule out fish bone impaction in the upper aerodigestive tract in the emergency department (ED) setting. Methods: A retrospective multicentre cohort study was conducted. A total of 73 patients met the inclusion criteria. A subgroup of patients underwent CT. We studied the sensitivity and specificity of x-ray and CT along with other demographic variables to determine the likelihood of true fish bone impaction. Results: Out of the 73 patients, 28 patients had true bone impaction. The sensitivity for x-ray was 42.9% and specificity was 73.3%. The sensitivity of CT was 87.5% and specificity was 71.4%. We found a significant difference in the mean age of presentation for true bone and false bone impaction, P = 0.02. Conclusion: Due to the low sensitivity of x-ray we do not recommend the utilisation of plain film radiography to rule out bone impaction Advances in low dose radiation multidetector CT scanners may replace plain film radiography as a screening tool.展开更多
The spatial scale(?shing grid) of ?sheries research af fects the observed spatial patterns of?sheries resources such as catch-per-unit-ef fort(CPUE) and ?shing ef fort. We examined the scale impact of high value(HH) c...The spatial scale(?shing grid) of ?sheries research af fects the observed spatial patterns of?sheries resources such as catch-per-unit-ef fort(CPUE) and ?shing ef fort. We examined the scale impact of high value(HH) clusters of the annual ?shing ef fort for Dosidicus gigas of fshore Peru from 2009 to 2012.For a multi-scale analysis, the original commercial ?shery data were tessellated to twelve spatial scales from 6′ to 72′ with an interval of 6′. Under these spatial scales, D. gigas clusters were identi?ed using the Anselin Local Moran's I. Statistics including the number of points, mean CPUE, standard deviation(SD),skewness, kurtosis, area and centroid were calculated for these HH clusters. We found that the z-score of global Moran's I and the number of points for HH clusters follow a power law scaling relationship from2009 to 2012. The mean ef fort and its SD also follow a power law scaling relationship from 2009 to 2012.The skewness follows a linear scaling relationship in 2010 and 2011 but ?uctuates with spatial scale in2009 and 2012; kurtosis follows a logarithmic scale relationship in 2009, 2011 and 2012 but a linear scale relationship in 2010. Cluster area follows a power law scaling relationship in 2010 and 2012, a linear scaling relationship in 2009, and a quadratic scaling relationship in 2011. Based on the peaks of Moran's I indices and the multi-scale analysis, we conclude that the optimum scales are 12′ in 2009 ? 2011 and 6′ in 2012, while the coarsest allowable scales are 48′ in 2009, 2010 and 2012, and 60′ in 2011. Our research provides the best spatial scales for conducting spatial analysis of this pelagic species, and provides a better understanding of scaling behavior for the ?shing ef fort of D. gigas in the of fshore Peruvian waters.展开更多
This research develops a hybrid input-output model to quantify the economy-wide impact of capture fisheries on the economy. The method regards capture fisheries to be the “carrier branches” producing “core inputs”...This research develops a hybrid input-output model to quantify the economy-wide impact of capture fisheries on the economy. The method regards capture fisheries to be the “carrier branches” producing “core inputs”, which can drive the other fisheries sectors in the Ghosh supply-driven model. These fisheries sectors are all linked with the rest of the economy and can affect it through backward linkages in the Leontief demand-driven model. The empirical findings based on the Thai fisheries corroborate findings in other literature and further reveal that capture fisheries make a much greater contribution to the economy than is usually thought.展开更多
We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom(HAB).Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae,zooplankton,fish,and bivalve(Mytilus edulis) in laboratory.The result s...We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom(HAB).Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae,zooplankton,fish,and bivalve(Mytilus edulis) in laboratory.The result shows that sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of algal species selectively.Among three algae species selected,Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis was promoted with increasing sophorolipid concentration;Isochrysis galbana was inhibited seven days later in sophorolipid concentration below 40 mg/L;and Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima was inhibited obviously in only a high sophorolipid concentration over 20 mg/L.Therefore,sophorolipid in a low concentration at <20 mg/L could remove certain harmful algae species effectively without harming other non-harmful microalgae.For other animals,sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of ciliate Strombidium sp.by 50% at 20 mg/L sophorolipid concentration after 96 h.The concentration in 96-h LC50 for Calanus sinicus,Neomysis awatschensis,Lateolabrax japonicus,and Paralichthys olivaceus was 15,150,60,and 110 mg/L,respectively.The 24 h LC50 value for Artemia salina was 600 mg/L.The relative clearance rate of mussel Mytilus edulis decreased to 80%,40%,and 20% of the control group after being exposed to 20,50,and 100 mg/L sophorolipid for 24 h.Therefore,the toxicity for mitigation of harmful algae bloom at previously recommended concentration of 5-20 mg/L sophorolipid is low for most tested organisms in this reaserch.展开更多
文摘Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain an Australian perspective on evaluating the utility of plain film radiography and computed tomography (CT) to rule out fish bone impaction in the upper aerodigestive tract in the emergency department (ED) setting. Methods: A retrospective multicentre cohort study was conducted. A total of 73 patients met the inclusion criteria. A subgroup of patients underwent CT. We studied the sensitivity and specificity of x-ray and CT along with other demographic variables to determine the likelihood of true fish bone impaction. Results: Out of the 73 patients, 28 patients had true bone impaction. The sensitivity for x-ray was 42.9% and specificity was 73.3%. The sensitivity of CT was 87.5% and specificity was 71.4%. We found a significant difference in the mean age of presentation for true bone and false bone impaction, P = 0.02. Conclusion: Due to the low sensitivity of x-ray we do not recommend the utilisation of plain film radiography to rule out bone impaction Advances in low dose radiation multidetector CT scanners may replace plain film radiography as a screening tool.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41406146)the Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes at Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology of China(No.2017-1A02)the Shanghai Universities First-class Disciplines Project-Fisheries(A)
文摘The spatial scale(?shing grid) of ?sheries research af fects the observed spatial patterns of?sheries resources such as catch-per-unit-ef fort(CPUE) and ?shing ef fort. We examined the scale impact of high value(HH) clusters of the annual ?shing ef fort for Dosidicus gigas of fshore Peru from 2009 to 2012.For a multi-scale analysis, the original commercial ?shery data were tessellated to twelve spatial scales from 6′ to 72′ with an interval of 6′. Under these spatial scales, D. gigas clusters were identi?ed using the Anselin Local Moran's I. Statistics including the number of points, mean CPUE, standard deviation(SD),skewness, kurtosis, area and centroid were calculated for these HH clusters. We found that the z-score of global Moran's I and the number of points for HH clusters follow a power law scaling relationship from2009 to 2012. The mean ef fort and its SD also follow a power law scaling relationship from 2009 to 2012.The skewness follows a linear scaling relationship in 2010 and 2011 but ?uctuates with spatial scale in2009 and 2012; kurtosis follows a logarithmic scale relationship in 2009, 2011 and 2012 but a linear scale relationship in 2010. Cluster area follows a power law scaling relationship in 2010 and 2012, a linear scaling relationship in 2009, and a quadratic scaling relationship in 2011. Based on the peaks of Moran's I indices and the multi-scale analysis, we conclude that the optimum scales are 12′ in 2009 ? 2011 and 6′ in 2012, while the coarsest allowable scales are 48′ in 2009, 2010 and 2012, and 60′ in 2011. Our research provides the best spatial scales for conducting spatial analysis of this pelagic species, and provides a better understanding of scaling behavior for the ?shing ef fort of D. gigas in the of fshore Peruvian waters.
文摘This research develops a hybrid input-output model to quantify the economy-wide impact of capture fisheries on the economy. The method regards capture fisheries to be the “carrier branches” producing “core inputs”, which can drive the other fisheries sectors in the Ghosh supply-driven model. These fisheries sectors are all linked with the rest of the economy and can affect it through backward linkages in the Leontief demand-driven model. The empirical findings based on the Thai fisheries corroborate findings in other literature and further reveal that capture fisheries make a much greater contribution to the economy than is usually thought.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40506026,40876083,40631008)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q07-01)the National Basic Research Priorities Program (No. 2006CB400606)
文摘We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom(HAB).Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae,zooplankton,fish,and bivalve(Mytilus edulis) in laboratory.The result shows that sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of algal species selectively.Among three algae species selected,Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis was promoted with increasing sophorolipid concentration;Isochrysis galbana was inhibited seven days later in sophorolipid concentration below 40 mg/L;and Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima was inhibited obviously in only a high sophorolipid concentration over 20 mg/L.Therefore,sophorolipid in a low concentration at <20 mg/L could remove certain harmful algae species effectively without harming other non-harmful microalgae.For other animals,sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of ciliate Strombidium sp.by 50% at 20 mg/L sophorolipid concentration after 96 h.The concentration in 96-h LC50 for Calanus sinicus,Neomysis awatschensis,Lateolabrax japonicus,and Paralichthys olivaceus was 15,150,60,and 110 mg/L,respectively.The 24 h LC50 value for Artemia salina was 600 mg/L.The relative clearance rate of mussel Mytilus edulis decreased to 80%,40%,and 20% of the control group after being exposed to 20,50,and 100 mg/L sophorolipid for 24 h.Therefore,the toxicity for mitigation of harmful algae bloom at previously recommended concentration of 5-20 mg/L sophorolipid is low for most tested organisms in this reaserch.
