To enhance gas drainage in the soft and hard interbedded(SHI)coal seam,it’s necessary to unload the insitu stress and improve its gas migration performance.In this research,a directional hydraulic flushing(DHF)techno...To enhance gas drainage in the soft and hard interbedded(SHI)coal seam,it’s necessary to unload the insitu stress and improve its gas migration performance.In this research,a directional hydraulic flushing(DHF)technology was carried out.The stress-unloading and gas migration improvement mechanism was analyzed through numerical simulation,and systematic engineering tests were conducted to verify the gas drainage effect.The results show that the improvement of gas migration performance in the SHI coal seam is caused by a combined effect of seepage-improving and diffusion-improving.After DHF,stress-unloading and plastic failure could be achieved both in the soft coal(SC)sublayer and in the hard coal(HC)sublayer.However,the gas diffusion capacity improves significantly in the SC sublayer,while the gas seepage capacity improves notably in the HC sublayer.Meanwhile,the stress-unloading and gas migration improvement effect improves with the flushing radius and the thickness of the SC sublayer.Besides,after adopting the DHF technology,the gas drainage effect improved markedly.The borehole number dropped by 49%,the gas drainage ratio increased from 26.0%to 48.2%,and the average coal roadway excavation speed increased from 2.4 to 5.6 m/d.展开更多
To understand the self-healing property of an engineered barrier for radioactive waste disposal,the hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentoniteesand mixtures saturated with artificial seawater(SW)before and after ga...To understand the self-healing property of an engineered barrier for radioactive waste disposal,the hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentoniteesand mixtures saturated with artificial seawater(SW)before and after gas migration was examined.Na-and Ca-bentonites were mixed with fine sand at a ratio of 70%bentonite in dry weight.Two aspects were considered during the experiment:the hydraulic conductivity of the specimen that was resaturated after gas migration and the distribution of water content immediately after gas migration to study gas migration pathways.The gas migrated through the entire cross-section of the specimen,and gas breakthrough occurred in the equilibrium swelling pressure range approximately.Subsequently,the gas flow rate reached a sufficient large value when the gas pressure was approximately twice the equilibrium axial pressure(the sum of swelling and confining pressures),which excluded the back pressure.Although the gas migration pathway was not visible when the specimen was observed immediately after gas migration,the water content distribution showed that several parts of the specimen with lower water content were connected in the direction of gas migration.After resaturation,the change in permeability was within a limited rangedtwo to three times larger than that before gas migration for each type of bentonite in SW.This slight change suggests that gas migration creates a pore structure that cannot be sealed via crystalline swelling of montmorillonite in SW,even if highly compacted bentonite is used under a constant-volume condition.展开更多
Dilatancy-controlled gas flow in preferential pathways plays a key role in the safety analysis of radioactive waste repositories.This is particularly the case for bentonite,an often-preferred barrier material.Gas flow...Dilatancy-controlled gas flow in preferential pathways plays a key role in the safety analysis of radioactive waste repositories.This is particularly the case for bentonite,an often-preferred barrier material.Gas flow in preferential pathways is characterized by localization and spontaneous behavior,which is challenging to simulate in numerical models due to strong hydro-mechanical coupling.To analyze a laboratory experiment in the framework of the DECOVALEX-2023 project,this study introduced a new approach of combining continuous modelling methods with spatial material properties derived from material heterogeneities and experimental observations.The proposed model utilized hydro-mechanical spatial distributions,namely Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure,and elastoplasticity combined with a linear swelling model.A conceptual strain-dependent permeability approach simulated dilatancycontrolled gas flow based on hydro-mechanical coupling.To test the effectiveness of the presented approach,a gas injection test in a compacted,saturated bentonite sample was simulated using the opensource code OpenGeoSys 5.8 and compared with experimental observations.The presented methodology is capable of simulating localized gas flow in preferential pathways.The spatial distributions of Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure affect the swelling pressure,relative permeability and,in combination with the strain-dependent permeability model,also the intrinsic permeability.展开更多
Gas extraction practice has been proven for the clear majority of coal mines in China to be unfavorable using drill holes in the coal seam. Rather, mining-induced fractures in the goaf should be utilized for gas extra...Gas extraction practice has been proven for the clear majority of coal mines in China to be unfavorable using drill holes in the coal seam. Rather, mining-induced fractures in the goaf should be utilized for gas extraction. To study gas migration in mining-induced fractures, one mining face of 10 th Mine in Pingdingshan Coalmine Group in Henan, China, has been selected as the case study for this work. By establishing the mathematical model of gas migration under the influence of coal seam mining, discrete element software UDEC and Multiphysics software COMSOL are employed to model gas migration in mining-induced fractures above the goaf. The results show that as the working face advances, the goaf overburden gradually forms a mining-induced fracture network in the shape of a trapezoid, the size of which increases with the distance of coal face advance. Compared with gas migration in the overburden matrix, the gas flow in the fracture network due to mining is far greater. The largest mining-induced fracture is located at the upper end of the trapezoidal zone, which results in the largest gas flux in the network. When drilling for gas extraction in a mining-induced fracture field, the gas concentration is reduced in the whole region during the process of gas drainage, and the rate of gas concentration drops faster in the fractured zone. It is shown that with gas drainage, the gas flow velocity in the mininginduced fracture network is faster.展开更多
Noble gases in natural gas, from Xiaoquan, Xinchang, Hexingchang and Fenggu gas reservoirs in the middle part of the western Sichuan Depression, China, were analysed. Results show that the volume content of crustal no...Noble gases in natural gas, from Xiaoquan, Xinchang, Hexingchang and Fenggu gas reservoirs in the middle part of the western Sichuan Depression, China, were analysed. Results show that the volume content of crustal noble gases accounts for 97.9% to 99.7% of the total noble gas content, indicating that the noble gases in the study area are very largely derived from the crust. Moreover, the 40Ar time-accumulating effect of source rocks is used to determine the complex relationship between gases and source rocks in this area, and the results agree well with that from analysis of source rock light hydrocarbons. Due to the short migration distance, the separation of 4He and 40Ar is not significant in Xujiahe natural gas and Lower and Middle Jurassic natural gas, so it is difficult to trace natural gas migration. However, this separation characteristic of 4He and 40Ar in Middle and Upper Jurassic natural gas is significant, which indicates that natural gas migration was from the Middle Jurassic to Upper Jurassic formations. In addition, the variation trends of 3He/4He ratio and δ13C1 value indicates that natural gas migration is from the Xujiahe formation to the Jurassic layer in the study area.展开更多
Aiming at the issue that mass of gas emission from mining gob and the gas exceeded in working face, gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation was studied. In consideration of the influ...Aiming at the issue that mass of gas emission from mining gob and the gas exceeded in working face, gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation was studied. In consideration of the influence of natural wind pressure to analyze the stope face differential pressure, gob air leakage field distribution and gas migration regularity theoretically. Established a two-dimensional physical model with one source and one doab, and applied computational fluid dynamics analysis software Fluent to do numerical simulation, analyzed and contrasted to the areas of gob air leakage on size and gas emission from gob to working face on strength when using the downlink ventilation and uplink ventilation. When applied downward ventilation in stope face, the air leakage field of gob nearly working face, and the air leakage intensity were smaller than uplink, this can effectively reduce the gas emission from gob to working face; when used downlink ventilation, the air leakage airflow carry the lower amount of gas to doab than uplink ventilation, and more easily to mix the gas, reduced the possibility of gas accumulation in upper comer and the stratified flows, it can provide protection to mine with safe and effective production.展开更多
Stress-dependent permeability models are developed for the organic pores and inorganic cleats/fractures in unconventional gas reservoirs,which are modeled as Biot’s porous media of dual-porosity.Further considering m...Stress-dependent permeability models are developed for the organic pores and inorganic cleats/fractures in unconventional gas reservoirs,which are modeled as Biot’s porous media of dual-porosity.Further considering multiple flow mechanisms such as dynamic effects of gas flow and surface diffusion,apparent permeability models are obtained to investigate the characteristics of unconventional gas migration.Compared to the gas transfer in single-porosity reservoirs,the gas migration ability of cleats in dual-porosity stratums rarely changes while that of organic pores is greatly improved because cleats sustain major geomechanical shrinkage deformation when the pore pressure drops.Further,the mass flux of reservoirs is dominated by the mass flux of cleats,which has a lower peak value,but a much longer production term than those in single-porosity reservoirs due to the interaction between organic pores and cleats.Parametric analysis is conducted to identify key factors significantly impacting mass flux in unconventional reservoirs.Reasons for the mass flux variation are also explored in terms of gas migration ability and pore pressure distribution.展开更多
A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate(NGHs)resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea,where NGHs are abundant.In this ...A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate(NGHs)resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea,where NGHs are abundant.In this study,this study analyzed the applicability of resource evaluation methods,including the volumetric,genesis,and analogy methods,and estimated NGHs resource potential in the South China Sea by using scientific resource evaluation methods based on the factors controlling the geological accumulation and the reservoir characteristics of NGHs.Furthermore,this study compared the evaluation results of NGHs resource evaluations in representative worldwise sea areas via rational analysis.The results of this study are as follows:(1)The gas hydrate accumulation in the South China Sea is characterized by multiple sources of gas supply,multi-channel migration,and extensive accumulation,which are significantly different from those of oil and gas and other unconventional resources.(2)The evaluation of gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea is a highly targeted,stratified,and multidisciplinary evaluation of geological resources under the framework of a multi-type gas hydrate resource evaluation system and focuses on the comprehensive utilization of multi-source heterogeneous data.(3)Global NGHs resources is n×10^(15)m^(3),while the NGHs resources in the South China Sea are estimated to be 10^(13)m^(3),which is comparable to the abundance of typical marine NGHs deposits in other parts of the world.In the South China Sea,the NGHs resources have a broad prospect and provide a substantial resource base for production tests and industrialization of NGHs.展开更多
The Zhongjiang gas field is a typical large gas field in terrigenous strata of the Western Sichuan Depression.It remains debatable which member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation served as the source rocks and ho...The Zhongjiang gas field is a typical large gas field in terrigenous strata of the Western Sichuan Depression.It remains debatable which member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation served as the source rocks and how significant the member contributed to the gas accumulations in the Zhongjiang gas field.In this study,we analyzed the essential characteristics of the Lower Jurassic source rocks and the geochemical features of light hydrocarbons in natural gas from the 2nd(T_(3)χ^(2))and 4th members(T_(3)χ^(4))of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)χ),as well as the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao(J_(2)s)and Qianfoya(J_(2)q)formations.Based on this,we explored the sources of the natural gas in the Zhongjiang gas field and determined the natural gas migration patterns and their effects on the properties of light hydrocarbons in the natural gas.The results indicate that the Lower Jurassic lacustrine source rocks of the Zhongjiang gas field contain humic organic matter,with vitrinite reflectance(R_(0))values ranging from 0.86%to 0.98%.Samples meeting the criterion for effective source rocks[total organic carbon(TOC)content≥0.75%]exhibited an average TOC content of merely 1.02%,suggesting significantly lower hydrocarbon generation potential than source rocks in the underlying T3x,which show higher thermal maturity and TOC contents.For natural gas samples from T_(3)χ^(2),T_(3)χ^(4),J_(2)s,and J_(2)q reservoirs,their C_(5-7)iso-alkane content was significantly higher than their n-alkane content,and their methylcyclohexane(MCH)index ranged from 59.0%to 77.3%,indicating the predominance of methylcyclohexane in C_(7)light hydrocarbons.As indicated by the origin identification and gas-source correlation based on the geochemical features of light hydrocarbons,the natural gas in the Zhongjiang gas field is typical coal-derived gas.The gas from the primary pay zone of the Shaximiao Formation,with significantly high K_(1),(P_(2)+N_(2))/C_(7),and P_(3)/C_(7)values,predominantly originated from the 5th member of the T3x and migrated in the free phase,with a small amount possibly sourced from the Lower Jurassic source rocks.The dissolution and adsorption during gas migration led to a decrease in the aromatic content in C_(6-7)light hydrocarbons and an increase in the isoheptane values.Therefore,their effects must be considered when determining the gas origin and thermal maturity based on the aromatic content in C_(6-7) light hydrocarbons and iso-heptane values.展开更多
Geofluid, driven by tectonic stress, can migrate and aggregate in geological body. Thus, numerical simulation has been widely used to rebuild paleo-tectonic stress field and probe oil/gas （one type of geofluid） migr...Geofluid, driven by tectonic stress, can migrate and aggregate in geological body. Thus, numerical simulation has been widely used to rebuild paleo-tectonic stress field and probe oil/gas （one type of geofluid） migration and aggregation. Based on geological mapping, structural data, and mechanical parameters of rocks, we reconstruct the traces for gas/oil migration and aggregation in Dabashan intra-continental orogen using numerical simulation. The study shows that gas/oil, obviously dominated by late Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous paleo-tectonic stress field that is characterized by NE-SW shortening in the Dabashan thrust belt and SW-emanating shortening in its foreland belt, massively migrate from the Dabashan thrust belt to its foreland belt, that is, NE to SW, resulting in the formation of some probable favorable areas for oil/gas mainly along the Tiexi -Wuxi fault, in some superposed structure （e.g., Zhenba , Wanyuan , Huangjinkou , and Tongnanba areas）, and in the Zigui Basin. Thus, our study shows that numerical simulation can be effectively applied to study oil/gas migration and aggregation in intra-continental orogen and provided some significant evidences for oil/gas exploration.展开更多
The research progress of isotopic fractionation in the process of shale gas/coalbed methane migration has been reviewed from three aspects: characteristics and influencing factors, mechanism and quantitative character...The research progress of isotopic fractionation in the process of shale gas/coalbed methane migration has been reviewed from three aspects: characteristics and influencing factors, mechanism and quantitative characterization model, and geological application. It is found that the isotopic fractionation during the complete production of shale gas/coalbed methane shows a four-stage characteristic of “stable-lighter-heavier-lighter again”, which is related to the complex gas migration modes in the pores of shale/coal. The gas migration mechanisms in shale/coal include seepage, diffusion, and adsorption/desorption. Among them, seepage driven by pressure difference does not induce isotopic fractionation, while diffusion and adsorption/desorption lead to significant isotope fractionation. The existing characterization models of isotopic fractionation include diffusion fractionation model, diffusion-adsorption/desorption coupled model, and multi-scale and multi-mechanism coupled model. Results of model calculations show that the isotopic fractionation during natural gas migration is mainly controlled by pore structure, adsorption capacity, and initial/boundary conditions of the reservoir rock. So far, the isotope fractionation model has been successfully used to evaluate critical parameters, such as gas-in-place content and ratio of adsorbed/free gas in shale/coal etc. Furthermore, it has shown promising application potential in production status identification and decline trend prediction of gas well. Future research should focus on:(1) the co-evolution of carbon and hydrogen isotopes of different components during natural gas migration,(2) the characterization of isotopic fractionation during the whole process of gas generation-expulsion-migration-accumulation-dispersion, and(3) quantitative characterization of isotopic fractionation during natural gas migration in complex pore-fracture systems and its application.展开更多
Natural gas hydrates are mostly formed in low-permeability and fractured muddy sedimentary formations.Adding suitable nanoparticles to the drilling fluid system can improve its filtrate resistance and fracture pluggin...Natural gas hydrates are mostly formed in low-permeability and fractured muddy sedimentary formations.Adding suitable nanoparticles to the drilling fluid system can improve its filtrate resistance and fracture plugging,and effectively weaken the invasion of drilling fluid into the reservoir.However,it is likely that nanoparticles promote hydrate formation and accumulation in wellbores which will induce accidents.Therefore,this study investigated the effect of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles with particle sizes of 30 nm,60 nm,and 80 nm and concentrations of 0.5e4.0 wt%on hydrate formation during upward migration of methane gas using a dynamic simulation system for hydrate formation in a wellbore.The experimental results show that under the condition of methane gas migration,hydrophilic silica nanoparticles inhibit hydrate formation.The inhibition effect increased with the growth in the particle size under a constant concentration,whereas it first increased and then decreased with increasing nanoparticle concentration under a constant particle size.The strongest inhibition effect was observed at a hydrophilic silica nanoparticle concentration of 2.0 wt%.The influence of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles on hydrate formation may be mainly determined by their hydrophilic properties,heat and mass transfer,and gas migration in the wellbore.Our research indicates that hydrophilic silica nanoparticles can be added to hydrate drilling fluid systems if their concentration can be properly controlled.展开更多
The cumulative expression of multistage deformation is complex multiperiod fractures,which are commonly seen in tectonic zones.The Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the western Sichuan Basin Depression,China,is a ...The cumulative expression of multistage deformation is complex multiperiod fractures,which are commonly seen in tectonic zones.The Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the western Sichuan Basin Depression,China,is a typical marine carbonate reservoir with natural fractures caused mainly by tectonic movements.According to outcrops,drill cores,image logging,and fluid inclusions,the fracture characteristics,types of natural fractures,and interactions of fractures are determined.In total,419 natural fractures in 493.2 m of cores from 7 wells are investigated,which are mainly shear and tensile fractures with a small number of weathering generated fractures.Meanwhile,the results of the stable isotope analysis of δ13C and δ18O,as well as the flow fluid inclusion data,reveal four tectonic periods of fractures with different occurrences.Based on the history of regional tectonic evolution,indicating one period of weathering fractures ascribable to stratal uplift and three periods of structural fractures related to the sequential tectonic movements of the Longmenshan fault belt.By analyzing the interaction relationships of fractures,three types of fracture interaction relationships are observed:cutting,restraining,and overlapping.The four stages fractures are chronologically assigned to(1)the early Indosinian N-S trending compression,(2)the late Indosinian NW-SE compression,(3)the middle Yanshanian NE-SE compression,and(4)the early Himalayan E-W compression.The influence of natural fractures on gas migration and well production in marine carbonates is discussed,and indicates that tectonic fractures could provide seepage channels for gas migration and accumulation from near or distant hydrocarbon source rocks into the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation.This study utilizes a pragmatic approach for understanding the fracture genesis mechanism in oil and gas field with multiperiod fractures.展开更多
Various factors controlling the accumulation of natural gas hydrates(NGHs)form various enrichment and accumulation modes through organic combination.This study mainly analyzes the geological and geophysical characteri...Various factors controlling the accumulation of natural gas hydrates(NGHs)form various enrichment and accumulation modes through organic combination.This study mainly analyzes the geological and geophysical characteristics of the NGHs occurrence in the uplifts and their slope zones within the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan(QDN)Basin(also referred to as the study area).Furthermore,it investigates the dominant governing factors and models of NGHs migration and accumulation in the study area.The results are as follows.(1)The uplifts and their slope zones in the study area lie in the dominant pressure-relief direction of fluids in central hydrocarbon-rich sags in the area,which provide sufficient gas sources for the NGHs accumulation and enrichment through pathways such as gas chimneys and faults.(2)The top and flanks of gas chimneys below the bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)show high-amplitude seismic reflections and pronounced transverse charging of free gas,indicating the occurrence of a large amount of gas accumulation at the heights of the uplifts.(3)Chimneys,faults,and high-porosity and high-permeability strata,which connect the gas hydrate temperature-pressure stability zones(GHSZs)with thermogenic gas and biogenic gas,form the main hydrate migration system.(4)The reservoir system in the study area comprises sedimentary interlayers consisting of mass transport deposits(MTDs)and turbidites.In addition,the reservoir system has developed fissure-and pore-filling types of hydrates in the pathways.The above well-matched controlling factors of hydrate accumulation enable the uplifts and their slope zones in the study area to become the favorable targets of NGHs exploration.展开更多
Sustained casing pressure （SCP） in gas wells brings a serious threat to worker safety and environmental protection. According to geological conditions, wellbore structure and cement data of gas wells in the Sichuan-...Sustained casing pressure （SCP） in gas wells brings a serious threat to worker safety and environmental protection. According to geological conditions, wellbore structure and cement data of gas wells in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, China, the position, time, environmental condition and the value of SCP have been analyzed. On this basis, the shape of the pressure bleed-down plot and pressure buildup plot were diagnosed and the mechanism of SCP has been clarified. Based on generalized annular Darcy percolation theory and gas-liquid two-phase fluid dynamics theory, a coupled mathematical model of gas migration in a cemented annulus with a mud column above the cement has been developed. The volume of gas migrated in the annulus and the value of SCP changing with time in a gas well in Sichuan have been calculated by this model. Calculation results coincided well with the actual field data, which provide some reference for the following security evaluation and solution measures of SCP.展开更多
It is a very difficult problem to directly determine fluid pressure duringhydrocarbon migration and accumulation in sedimentary basins. pVt modeling of coupling hydrocarbonfluid inclusion of its coeval aqueous fluid i...It is a very difficult problem to directly determine fluid pressure duringhydrocarbon migration and accumulation in sedimentary basins. pVt modeling of coupling hydrocarbonfluid inclusion of its coeval aqueous fluid inclusion provides a powerful tool for establishing therelationship of formation pressure evolution with time. Homogenization temperature of fluidinclusion can routinely be measured under microthermometric microscopy. Crushing technique has beenemployed to obtain the composition of fluid inclusions, and the commercial software VTFLINC easilyand rapidly completes the construction of p-t phase diagram. The minimum trapping pressure ofhydrocarbon fluid inclusion would be then determined in the p-t space. In this paper, three samplesof YC21-1-1 and YC21-1-4 wells at YC21-1 structural closure, Qiongdongnan basin, South China Sea,were selected for the pVt modeling practice, and the formation pressure coefficient (equals to fluidpressure/hydrostatic pressure) changing trend with time has primarily been established. Themodeling results also indicate that the reservoirs of Ling-shui and Yacheng formations in YC21-1structure are within a very high potential system and would have undergone a discharging of thermalfluids through top seal rupture, which depicts that there is a very high risk for natural gasexploration in this area.展开更多
Deep-seated gas in seabed sediments migrates upwards from effect of external factors,which easily accumulates to form gasbags at interface of shallow coarse-fine sediments.Real-time monitoring of this process is impor...Deep-seated gas in seabed sediments migrates upwards from effect of external factors,which easily accumulates to form gasbags at interface of shallow coarse-fine sediments.Real-time monitoring of this process is important to predict disaster.However,there is still a lack of effective monitoring methods,so we attempt to apply multi-points pore water pressure monitoring technology when simulating forming and dissipation of gasbags in sediments through laboratory experiment.This study focuses on discussion of sensitivity of pore water pressure monitoring data,as well as typical changing characteristics and mechanisms of excess pore water pressure corresponding to crack generation,gasbag formation and gas release.It was found that the value of excess pore water pressure in sediments is negatively correlated with vertical distance between sensors and gas source,and the evolution of gasbag forming and dissipation has a good corresponding relationship with the change of excess pore water pressure.Gasbag formation process is divided into three stages:transverse crack development,longitudinal cavity expansion,and oblique crack development.Formation of gasbag begins with the transverse crack at the interface of coarse-fine sediments while excess pore water pressure attenuates rapidly and then drops,pressure remains almost unchanged when cavity expanses longitudinally,oblique crack appeared in final stage of gasbag evolution while excess pore water pressure accumulated and dissipated again.The variation curve of excess pore water pressure in gas release stage has saw-tooth fluctuation characteristics,and the value and time of pressure accumulation are also fluctuating,indicating the uncertainty and non-uniqueness of gas migration channels in sediments.展开更多
According to the action law of gas flow during injecting inert gases as the research main line, and hydromechanics and thermodynamics theories, the characteristic of gas delamination that was caused by injecting inert...According to the action law of gas flow during injecting inert gases as the research main line, and hydromechanics and thermodynamics theories, the characteristic of gas delamination that was caused by injecting inert gases to closed fire zone was analyzed. The criterion was brought forward, which could scale disappearing probability of turbulent state. Formation mechanism of gas layer in turbulent state was discussed primarily. Simultaneously, the condition was pointed out, which could makc the gas in turbulent state by injecting different gases. The mathematical model about dynamic changes of oxygen and methane concentration in the process of injecting gases was erected. The mixture mechanism about injecting different flow inert gases and flammable gas layer in closed fire zone was revealed.展开更多
The fault system of Liaodong Bay developed extensively under the control of the Tanlu Fault. The fault system can be grouped into strike-slip faults of grade Ⅰ, trunk faults of grade Ⅱand branch faults （induced fau...The fault system of Liaodong Bay developed extensively under the control of the Tanlu Fault. The fault system can be grouped into strike-slip faults of grade Ⅰ, trunk faults of grade Ⅱand branch faults （induced faults） of grade Ⅲ respectively based on its developmental scale. The faults of grade Ⅰ and Ⅱwere deep, early and large while the faults of grade Ⅲwere shallow, late and small. The formation, evolution and distribution features played a significant role in controlling the migration of oil and gas in both horizontal and vertical directions. The fluid transfer in the fault system occurred in the process of faulting. The strike-slip and trunk faults moved actively forming predominant pathways for oil and gas migration. The branch faults, with weak activity, generally controlled the development of traps and were beneficial for the accumulation and preservation of oil and gas. The faults of grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ formed the major migration pathways for oil and gas, but their fault activity rates appeared to vary along their strikes. The zones with a relatively low fault activity rate might be favorable for oil and gas accumulation. When the activities of strike-slip, trunk, and branch faults came to a halt, the fault seal behavior had a vitally important effect on the accumulation of oil and gas. The controlling role of the fault over fluid distribution was further analyzed by calculating the fault activity quantitatively.展开更多
The Kuqa foreland basin is an important petroliferous basin where gas predominates. The Kela-2 large natural gas reservoir and the Yinan-2, Dabei-1, Tuzi and Dina-11 gas reservoirs have been discovered in the basin up...The Kuqa foreland basin is an important petroliferous basin where gas predominates. The Kela-2 large natural gas reservoir and the Yinan-2, Dabei-1, Tuzi and Dina-11 gas reservoirs have been discovered in the basin up to the present. Natural gases in the Kelasu district and the Yinan district are generated from different source rocks indicated by methane and ethane carbon isotopes. The former is derived from both Jurassic and Triassic source rocks, while the latter is mainly from the Jurassic. Based on its multistage evolution and superposition and the intense tectonic transformation in the basin, the hydrocarbon charging history can be divided into the early and middle Himalayan hydrocarbon accumulation and the late Himalayan redistribution and re-enrichment. The heavier carbon isotope composition and the high natural gas ratio of C1/C1-4 indicate that the accumulated natural gas in the early Himalayan stage is destroyed and the present trapped natural gas was charged mainly in the middle and late Himalayan stages. Comparison and contrast of the oils produced in the Kelasu and Yinan regions indicate the hydrocarbon charging histories in the above two regions are complex and should be characterized by multistage hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104210,52174217,and 51874294)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.20210302124350)Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710595).
文摘To enhance gas drainage in the soft and hard interbedded(SHI)coal seam,it’s necessary to unload the insitu stress and improve its gas migration performance.In this research,a directional hydraulic flushing(DHF)technology was carried out.The stress-unloading and gas migration improvement mechanism was analyzed through numerical simulation,and systematic engineering tests were conducted to verify the gas drainage effect.The results show that the improvement of gas migration performance in the SHI coal seam is caused by a combined effect of seepage-improving and diffusion-improving.After DHF,stress-unloading and plastic failure could be achieved both in the soft coal(SC)sublayer and in the hard coal(HC)sublayer.However,the gas diffusion capacity improves significantly in the SC sublayer,while the gas seepage capacity improves notably in the HC sublayer.Meanwhile,the stress-unloading and gas migration improvement effect improves with the flushing radius and the thickness of the SC sublayer.Besides,after adopting the DHF technology,the gas drainage effect improved markedly.The borehole number dropped by 49%,the gas drainage ratio increased from 26.0%to 48.2%,and the average coal roadway excavation speed increased from 2.4 to 5.6 m/d.
文摘To understand the self-healing property of an engineered barrier for radioactive waste disposal,the hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentoniteesand mixtures saturated with artificial seawater(SW)before and after gas migration was examined.Na-and Ca-bentonites were mixed with fine sand at a ratio of 70%bentonite in dry weight.Two aspects were considered during the experiment:the hydraulic conductivity of the specimen that was resaturated after gas migration and the distribution of water content immediately after gas migration to study gas migration pathways.The gas migrated through the entire cross-section of the specimen,and gas breakthrough occurred in the equilibrium swelling pressure range approximately.Subsequently,the gas flow rate reached a sufficient large value when the gas pressure was approximately twice the equilibrium axial pressure(the sum of swelling and confining pressures),which excluded the back pressure.Although the gas migration pathway was not visible when the specimen was observed immediately after gas migration,the water content distribution showed that several parts of the specimen with lower water content were connected in the direction of gas migration.After resaturation,the change in permeability was within a limited rangedtwo to three times larger than that before gas migration for each type of bentonite in SW.This slight change suggests that gas migration creates a pore structure that cannot be sealed via crystalline swelling of montmorillonite in SW,even if highly compacted bentonite is used under a constant-volume condition.
基金This research was conducted within the DECOVALEX-2023 projectDECOVALEX is an international research project comprising participants from industry,government,and academia,focusing on development of understanding,models and codes in complex coupled problems in sub-surface geological and engineering applications.DECOVALEX-2023 is the current phase of the project.The authors appreciate the DECOVALEX-2023 Funding Organisations Andra,BASE,BGE,BGR,CAS,CNSC,COVRA,US DOE,ENRESA,ENSI,JAEA,KAERI,NWMO,RWM,SÚRAO,SSM and Taipower for their financial and technical support of the work described in this paper.The statements made in the paper are,however,solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Funding Organisations.This work was further supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action(BMWK).
文摘Dilatancy-controlled gas flow in preferential pathways plays a key role in the safety analysis of radioactive waste repositories.This is particularly the case for bentonite,an often-preferred barrier material.Gas flow in preferential pathways is characterized by localization and spontaneous behavior,which is challenging to simulate in numerical models due to strong hydro-mechanical coupling.To analyze a laboratory experiment in the framework of the DECOVALEX-2023 project,this study introduced a new approach of combining continuous modelling methods with spatial material properties derived from material heterogeneities and experimental observations.The proposed model utilized hydro-mechanical spatial distributions,namely Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure,and elastoplasticity combined with a linear swelling model.A conceptual strain-dependent permeability approach simulated dilatancycontrolled gas flow based on hydro-mechanical coupling.To test the effectiveness of the presented approach,a gas injection test in a compacted,saturated bentonite sample was simulated using the opensource code OpenGeoSys 5.8 and compared with experimental observations.The presented methodology is capable of simulating localized gas flow in preferential pathways.The spatial distributions of Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure affect the swelling pressure,relative permeability and,in combination with the strain-dependent permeability model,also the intrinsic permeability.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2016YFC0801402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51374236)Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology of China (No. cstc2015jcyj BX0076)
文摘Gas extraction practice has been proven for the clear majority of coal mines in China to be unfavorable using drill holes in the coal seam. Rather, mining-induced fractures in the goaf should be utilized for gas extraction. To study gas migration in mining-induced fractures, one mining face of 10 th Mine in Pingdingshan Coalmine Group in Henan, China, has been selected as the case study for this work. By establishing the mathematical model of gas migration under the influence of coal seam mining, discrete element software UDEC and Multiphysics software COMSOL are employed to model gas migration in mining-induced fractures above the goaf. The results show that as the working face advances, the goaf overburden gradually forms a mining-induced fracture network in the shape of a trapezoid, the size of which increases with the distance of coal face advance. Compared with gas migration in the overburden matrix, the gas flow in the fracture network due to mining is far greater. The largest mining-induced fracture is located at the upper end of the trapezoidal zone, which results in the largest gas flux in the network. When drilling for gas extraction in a mining-induced fracture field, the gas concentration is reduced in the whole region during the process of gas drainage, and the rate of gas concentration drops faster in the fractured zone. It is shown that with gas drainage, the gas flow velocity in the mininginduced fracture network is faster.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41172119)
文摘Noble gases in natural gas, from Xiaoquan, Xinchang, Hexingchang and Fenggu gas reservoirs in the middle part of the western Sichuan Depression, China, were analysed. Results show that the volume content of crustal noble gases accounts for 97.9% to 99.7% of the total noble gas content, indicating that the noble gases in the study area are very largely derived from the crust. Moreover, the 40Ar time-accumulating effect of source rocks is used to determine the complex relationship between gases and source rocks in this area, and the results agree well with that from analysis of source rock light hydrocarbons. Due to the short migration distance, the separation of 4He and 40Ar is not significant in Xujiahe natural gas and Lower and Middle Jurassic natural gas, so it is difficult to trace natural gas migration. However, this separation characteristic of 4He and 40Ar in Middle and Upper Jurassic natural gas is significant, which indicates that natural gas migration was from the Middle Jurassic to Upper Jurassic formations. In addition, the variation trends of 3He/4He ratio and δ13C1 value indicates that natural gas migration is from the Xujiahe formation to the Jurassic layer in the study area.
文摘Aiming at the issue that mass of gas emission from mining gob and the gas exceeded in working face, gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation was studied. In consideration of the influence of natural wind pressure to analyze the stope face differential pressure, gob air leakage field distribution and gas migration regularity theoretically. Established a two-dimensional physical model with one source and one doab, and applied computational fluid dynamics analysis software Fluent to do numerical simulation, analyzed and contrasted to the areas of gob air leakage on size and gas emission from gob to working face on strength when using the downlink ventilation and uplink ventilation. When applied downward ventilation in stope face, the air leakage field of gob nearly working face, and the air leakage intensity were smaller than uplink, this can effectively reduce the gas emission from gob to working face; when used downlink ventilation, the air leakage airflow carry the lower amount of gas to doab than uplink ventilation, and more easily to mix the gas, reduced the possibility of gas accumulation in upper comer and the stratified flows, it can provide protection to mine with safe and effective production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102372 and 11872324)the Open Research Fund of CNMGE Platform&NSCC-TJ(Grant No.CNMGE2023011).
文摘Stress-dependent permeability models are developed for the organic pores and inorganic cleats/fractures in unconventional gas reservoirs,which are modeled as Biot’s porous media of dual-porosity.Further considering multiple flow mechanisms such as dynamic effects of gas flow and surface diffusion,apparent permeability models are obtained to investigate the characteristics of unconventional gas migration.Compared to the gas transfer in single-porosity reservoirs,the gas migration ability of cleats in dual-porosity stratums rarely changes while that of organic pores is greatly improved because cleats sustain major geomechanical shrinkage deformation when the pore pressure drops.Further,the mass flux of reservoirs is dominated by the mass flux of cleats,which has a lower peak value,but a much longer production term than those in single-porosity reservoirs due to the interaction between organic pores and cleats.Parametric analysis is conducted to identify key factors significantly impacting mass flux in unconventional reservoirs.Reasons for the mass flux variation are also explored in terms of gas migration ability and pore pressure distribution.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42376222,U22A20581,and 42076069)Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2024GXJS002)China Geological Survey(DD20230402)。
文摘A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate(NGHs)resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea,where NGHs are abundant.In this study,this study analyzed the applicability of resource evaluation methods,including the volumetric,genesis,and analogy methods,and estimated NGHs resource potential in the South China Sea by using scientific resource evaluation methods based on the factors controlling the geological accumulation and the reservoir characteristics of NGHs.Furthermore,this study compared the evaluation results of NGHs resource evaluations in representative worldwise sea areas via rational analysis.The results of this study are as follows:(1)The gas hydrate accumulation in the South China Sea is characterized by multiple sources of gas supply,multi-channel migration,and extensive accumulation,which are significantly different from those of oil and gas and other unconventional resources.(2)The evaluation of gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea is a highly targeted,stratified,and multidisciplinary evaluation of geological resources under the framework of a multi-type gas hydrate resource evaluation system and focuses on the comprehensive utilization of multi-source heterogeneous data.(3)Global NGHs resources is n×10^(15)m^(3),while the NGHs resources in the South China Sea are estimated to be 10^(13)m^(3),which is comparable to the abundance of typical marine NGHs deposits in other parts of the world.In the South China Sea,the NGHs resources have a broad prospect and provide a substantial resource base for production tests and industrialization of NGHs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42172149,No.U2244209)the SINOPEC Science and Technology Project(No.P22132,No.P21077-1).
文摘The Zhongjiang gas field is a typical large gas field in terrigenous strata of the Western Sichuan Depression.It remains debatable which member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation served as the source rocks and how significant the member contributed to the gas accumulations in the Zhongjiang gas field.In this study,we analyzed the essential characteristics of the Lower Jurassic source rocks and the geochemical features of light hydrocarbons in natural gas from the 2nd(T_(3)χ^(2))and 4th members(T_(3)χ^(4))of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)χ),as well as the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao(J_(2)s)and Qianfoya(J_(2)q)formations.Based on this,we explored the sources of the natural gas in the Zhongjiang gas field and determined the natural gas migration patterns and their effects on the properties of light hydrocarbons in the natural gas.The results indicate that the Lower Jurassic lacustrine source rocks of the Zhongjiang gas field contain humic organic matter,with vitrinite reflectance(R_(0))values ranging from 0.86%to 0.98%.Samples meeting the criterion for effective source rocks[total organic carbon(TOC)content≥0.75%]exhibited an average TOC content of merely 1.02%,suggesting significantly lower hydrocarbon generation potential than source rocks in the underlying T3x,which show higher thermal maturity and TOC contents.For natural gas samples from T_(3)χ^(2),T_(3)χ^(4),J_(2)s,and J_(2)q reservoirs,their C_(5-7)iso-alkane content was significantly higher than their n-alkane content,and their methylcyclohexane(MCH)index ranged from 59.0%to 77.3%,indicating the predominance of methylcyclohexane in C_(7)light hydrocarbons.As indicated by the origin identification and gas-source correlation based on the geochemical features of light hydrocarbons,the natural gas in the Zhongjiang gas field is typical coal-derived gas.The gas from the primary pay zone of the Shaximiao Formation,with significantly high K_(1),(P_(2)+N_(2))/C_(7),and P_(3)/C_(7)values,predominantly originated from the 5th member of the T3x and migrated in the free phase,with a small amount possibly sourced from the Lower Jurassic source rocks.The dissolution and adsorption during gas migration led to a decrease in the aromatic content in C_(6-7)light hydrocarbons and an increase in the isoheptane values.Therefore,their effects must be considered when determining the gas origin and thermal maturity based on the aromatic content in C_(6-7) light hydrocarbons and iso-heptane values.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (No. 41172184)SINOPROBE-08-01SINOPEC
文摘Geofluid, driven by tectonic stress, can migrate and aggregate in geological body. Thus, numerical simulation has been widely used to rebuild paleo-tectonic stress field and probe oil/gas （one type of geofluid） migration and aggregation. Based on geological mapping, structural data, and mechanical parameters of rocks, we reconstruct the traces for gas/oil migration and aggregation in Dabashan intra-continental orogen using numerical simulation. The study shows that gas/oil, obviously dominated by late Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous paleo-tectonic stress field that is characterized by NE-SW shortening in the Dabashan thrust belt and SW-emanating shortening in its foreland belt, massively migrate from the Dabashan thrust belt to its foreland belt, that is, NE to SW, resulting in the formation of some probable favorable areas for oil/gas mainly along the Tiexi -Wuxi fault, in some superposed structure （e.g., Zhenba , Wanyuan , Huangjinkou , and Tongnanba areas）, and in the Zigui Basin. Thus, our study shows that numerical simulation can be effectively applied to study oil/gas migration and aggregation in intra-continental orogen and provided some significant evidences for oil/gas exploration.
基金National Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program(BX20220062)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672130 and 41972123)SINOPEC Corp.(P17027-3)。
文摘The research progress of isotopic fractionation in the process of shale gas/coalbed methane migration has been reviewed from three aspects: characteristics and influencing factors, mechanism and quantitative characterization model, and geological application. It is found that the isotopic fractionation during the complete production of shale gas/coalbed methane shows a four-stage characteristic of “stable-lighter-heavier-lighter again”, which is related to the complex gas migration modes in the pores of shale/coal. The gas migration mechanisms in shale/coal include seepage, diffusion, and adsorption/desorption. Among them, seepage driven by pressure difference does not induce isotopic fractionation, while diffusion and adsorption/desorption lead to significant isotope fractionation. The existing characterization models of isotopic fractionation include diffusion fractionation model, diffusion-adsorption/desorption coupled model, and multi-scale and multi-mechanism coupled model. Results of model calculations show that the isotopic fractionation during natural gas migration is mainly controlled by pore structure, adsorption capacity, and initial/boundary conditions of the reservoir rock. So far, the isotope fractionation model has been successfully used to evaluate critical parameters, such as gas-in-place content and ratio of adsorbed/free gas in shale/coal etc. Furthermore, it has shown promising application potential in production status identification and decline trend prediction of gas well. Future research should focus on:(1) the co-evolution of carbon and hydrogen isotopes of different components during natural gas migration,(2) the characterization of isotopic fractionation during the whole process of gas generation-expulsion-migration-accumulation-dispersion, and(3) quantitative characterization of isotopic fractionation during natural gas migration in complex pore-fracture systems and its application.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41672367,51704266,and 51874263)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFE0126400)+1 种基金the Special Project for Marine Economic Development(Six Major Marine Industries)of Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(GDNRC[2020]047)the Fundamental Research Funds for National Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(Grant No.CUGGC09).
文摘Natural gas hydrates are mostly formed in low-permeability and fractured muddy sedimentary formations.Adding suitable nanoparticles to the drilling fluid system can improve its filtrate resistance and fracture plugging,and effectively weaken the invasion of drilling fluid into the reservoir.However,it is likely that nanoparticles promote hydrate formation and accumulation in wellbores which will induce accidents.Therefore,this study investigated the effect of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles with particle sizes of 30 nm,60 nm,and 80 nm and concentrations of 0.5e4.0 wt%on hydrate formation during upward migration of methane gas using a dynamic simulation system for hydrate formation in a wellbore.The experimental results show that under the condition of methane gas migration,hydrophilic silica nanoparticles inhibit hydrate formation.The inhibition effect increased with the growth in the particle size under a constant concentration,whereas it first increased and then decreased with increasing nanoparticle concentration under a constant particle size.The strongest inhibition effect was observed at a hydrophilic silica nanoparticle concentration of 2.0 wt%.The influence of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles on hydrate formation may be mainly determined by their hydrophilic properties,heat and mass transfer,and gas migration in the wellbore.Our research indicates that hydrophilic silica nanoparticles can be added to hydrate drilling fluid systems if their concentration can be properly controlled.
基金The first,second,and fifth authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672133)The second author also acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China(4207021285).
文摘The cumulative expression of multistage deformation is complex multiperiod fractures,which are commonly seen in tectonic zones.The Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the western Sichuan Basin Depression,China,is a typical marine carbonate reservoir with natural fractures caused mainly by tectonic movements.According to outcrops,drill cores,image logging,and fluid inclusions,the fracture characteristics,types of natural fractures,and interactions of fractures are determined.In total,419 natural fractures in 493.2 m of cores from 7 wells are investigated,which are mainly shear and tensile fractures with a small number of weathering generated fractures.Meanwhile,the results of the stable isotope analysis of δ13C and δ18O,as well as the flow fluid inclusion data,reveal four tectonic periods of fractures with different occurrences.Based on the history of regional tectonic evolution,indicating one period of weathering fractures ascribable to stratal uplift and three periods of structural fractures related to the sequential tectonic movements of the Longmenshan fault belt.By analyzing the interaction relationships of fractures,three types of fracture interaction relationships are observed:cutting,restraining,and overlapping.The four stages fractures are chronologically assigned to(1)the early Indosinian N-S trending compression,(2)the late Indosinian NW-SE compression,(3)the middle Yanshanian NE-SE compression,and(4)the early Himalayan E-W compression.The influence of natural fractures on gas migration and well production in marine carbonates is discussed,and indicates that tectonic fractures could provide seepage channels for gas migration and accumulation from near or distant hydrocarbon source rocks into the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation.This study utilizes a pragmatic approach for understanding the fracture genesis mechanism in oil and gas field with multiperiod fractures.
基金funded by the projects initiated by the China Geological Survey(DD20190217 and DD20190230)the key special project for introduced talent team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0102)Guangdong Major project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030003).
文摘Various factors controlling the accumulation of natural gas hydrates(NGHs)form various enrichment and accumulation modes through organic combination.This study mainly analyzes the geological and geophysical characteristics of the NGHs occurrence in the uplifts and their slope zones within the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan(QDN)Basin(also referred to as the study area).Furthermore,it investigates the dominant governing factors and models of NGHs migration and accumulation in the study area.The results are as follows.(1)The uplifts and their slope zones in the study area lie in the dominant pressure-relief direction of fluids in central hydrocarbon-rich sags in the area,which provide sufficient gas sources for the NGHs accumulation and enrichment through pathways such as gas chimneys and faults.(2)The top and flanks of gas chimneys below the bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)show high-amplitude seismic reflections and pronounced transverse charging of free gas,indicating the occurrence of a large amount of gas accumulation at the heights of the uplifts.(3)Chimneys,faults,and high-porosity and high-permeability strata,which connect the gas hydrate temperature-pressure stability zones(GHSZs)with thermogenic gas and biogenic gas,form the main hydrate migration system.(4)The reservoir system in the study area comprises sedimentary interlayers consisting of mass transport deposits(MTDs)and turbidites.In addition,the reservoir system has developed fissure-and pore-filling types of hydrates in the pathways.The above well-matched controlling factors of hydrate accumulation enable the uplifts and their slope zones in the study area to become the favorable targets of NGHs exploration.
基金co-financed by the China National Natural Science Foundation and Shanghai Baosteel Group Corporation (No. 51074135)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-08-0907)Jilin Oilfield Company Project (No. JS10-W-14-JZ-32-51)
文摘Sustained casing pressure （SCP） in gas wells brings a serious threat to worker safety and environmental protection. According to geological conditions, wellbore structure and cement data of gas wells in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, China, the position, time, environmental condition and the value of SCP have been analyzed. On this basis, the shape of the pressure bleed-down plot and pressure buildup plot were diagnosed and the mechanism of SCP has been clarified. Based on generalized annular Darcy percolation theory and gas-liquid two-phase fluid dynamics theory, a coupled mathematical model of gas migration in a cemented annulus with a mud column above the cement has been developed. The volume of gas migrated in the annulus and the value of SCP changing with time in a gas well in Sichuan have been calculated by this model. Calculation results coincided well with the actual field data, which provide some reference for the following security evaluation and solution measures of SCP.
文摘It is a very difficult problem to directly determine fluid pressure duringhydrocarbon migration and accumulation in sedimentary basins. pVt modeling of coupling hydrocarbonfluid inclusion of its coeval aqueous fluid inclusion provides a powerful tool for establishing therelationship of formation pressure evolution with time. Homogenization temperature of fluidinclusion can routinely be measured under microthermometric microscopy. Crushing technique has beenemployed to obtain the composition of fluid inclusions, and the commercial software VTFLINC easilyand rapidly completes the construction of p-t phase diagram. The minimum trapping pressure ofhydrocarbon fluid inclusion would be then determined in the p-t space. In this paper, three samplesof YC21-1-1 and YC21-1-4 wells at YC21-1 structural closure, Qiongdongnan basin, South China Sea,were selected for the pVt modeling practice, and the formation pressure coefficient (equals to fluidpressure/hydrostatic pressure) changing trend with time has primarily been established. Themodeling results also indicate that the reservoirs of Ling-shui and Yacheng formations in YC21-1structure are within a very high potential system and would have undergone a discharging of thermalfluids through top seal rupture, which depicts that there is a very high risk for natural gasexploration in this area.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2017YFC0307701the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41977234。
文摘Deep-seated gas in seabed sediments migrates upwards from effect of external factors,which easily accumulates to form gasbags at interface of shallow coarse-fine sediments.Real-time monitoring of this process is important to predict disaster.However,there is still a lack of effective monitoring methods,so we attempt to apply multi-points pore water pressure monitoring technology when simulating forming and dissipation of gasbags in sediments through laboratory experiment.This study focuses on discussion of sensitivity of pore water pressure monitoring data,as well as typical changing characteristics and mechanisms of excess pore water pressure corresponding to crack generation,gasbag formation and gas release.It was found that the value of excess pore water pressure in sediments is negatively correlated with vertical distance between sensors and gas source,and the evolution of gasbag forming and dissipation has a good corresponding relationship with the change of excess pore water pressure.Gasbag formation process is divided into three stages:transverse crack development,longitudinal cavity expansion,and oblique crack development.Formation of gasbag begins with the transverse crack at the interface of coarse-fine sediments while excess pore water pressure attenuates rapidly and then drops,pressure remains almost unchanged when cavity expanses longitudinally,oblique crack appeared in final stage of gasbag evolution while excess pore water pressure accumulated and dissipated again.The variation curve of excess pore water pressure in gas release stage has saw-tooth fluctuation characteristics,and the value and time of pressure accumulation are also fluctuating,indicating the uncertainty and non-uniqueness of gas migration channels in sediments.
文摘According to the action law of gas flow during injecting inert gases as the research main line, and hydromechanics and thermodynamics theories, the characteristic of gas delamination that was caused by injecting inert gases to closed fire zone was analyzed. The criterion was brought forward, which could scale disappearing probability of turbulent state. Formation mechanism of gas layer in turbulent state was discussed primarily. Simultaneously, the condition was pointed out, which could makc the gas in turbulent state by injecting different gases. The mathematical model about dynamic changes of oxygen and methane concentration in the process of injecting gases was erected. The mixture mechanism about injecting different flow inert gases and flammable gas layer in closed fire zone was revealed.
文摘The fault system of Liaodong Bay developed extensively under the control of the Tanlu Fault. The fault system can be grouped into strike-slip faults of grade Ⅰ, trunk faults of grade Ⅱand branch faults （induced faults） of grade Ⅲ respectively based on its developmental scale. The faults of grade Ⅰ and Ⅱwere deep, early and large while the faults of grade Ⅲwere shallow, late and small. The formation, evolution and distribution features played a significant role in controlling the migration of oil and gas in both horizontal and vertical directions. The fluid transfer in the fault system occurred in the process of faulting. The strike-slip and trunk faults moved actively forming predominant pathways for oil and gas migration. The branch faults, with weak activity, generally controlled the development of traps and were beneficial for the accumulation and preservation of oil and gas. The faults of grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ formed the major migration pathways for oil and gas, but their fault activity rates appeared to vary along their strikes. The zones with a relatively low fault activity rate might be favorable for oil and gas accumulation. When the activities of strike-slip, trunk, and branch faults came to a halt, the fault seal behavior had a vitally important effect on the accumulation of oil and gas. The controlling role of the fault over fluid distribution was further analyzed by calculating the fault activity quantitatively.
基金supported by the National 973 Basic Research Program(Grant No.2006CB202308)the Major National Science and Technology Program (2008ZX05008-004-012)
文摘The Kuqa foreland basin is an important petroliferous basin where gas predominates. The Kela-2 large natural gas reservoir and the Yinan-2, Dabei-1, Tuzi and Dina-11 gas reservoirs have been discovered in the basin up to the present. Natural gases in the Kelasu district and the Yinan district are generated from different source rocks indicated by methane and ethane carbon isotopes. The former is derived from both Jurassic and Triassic source rocks, while the latter is mainly from the Jurassic. Based on its multistage evolution and superposition and the intense tectonic transformation in the basin, the hydrocarbon charging history can be divided into the early and middle Himalayan hydrocarbon accumulation and the late Himalayan redistribution and re-enrichment. The heavier carbon isotope composition and the high natural gas ratio of C1/C1-4 indicate that the accumulated natural gas in the early Himalayan stage is destroyed and the present trapped natural gas was charged mainly in the middle and late Himalayan stages. Comparison and contrast of the oils produced in the Kelasu and Yinan regions indicate the hydrocarbon charging histories in the above two regions are complex and should be characterized by multistage hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.
