In this study,we investigated the feasibility of Ginkgo biloba seeds powder by solid-state fermen-tation with Eurotium cristatum for developing high-value ginkgo seeds products.The optimum fermentation medium was cons...In this study,we investigated the feasibility of Ginkgo biloba seeds powder by solid-state fermen-tation with Eurotium cristatum for developing high-value ginkgo seeds products.The optimum fermentation medium was consisted of 10 g of 40-mesh ginkgo seeds powder loaded in 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 50%(w/w)of water content,4%(w/w)of MgSO_(4)and 5%(w/w)of KH_(2)PO_(4)addition.The optimum fermentation conditions were pH 5.0,2×10^(8)CFU/g of inoculum size,3 mL of sterilized water supplemented every two days during the four days of fermentation.Through fermentation,the spore number of E.cristatum was improved by about 36 times with the produc-tion of lovastatin reaching(54.10±0.16)μg/g.The antioxidant activity of fermented ginkgo seeds powder also got obvious enhancement,which could help eliminate excess free radicals produced by normal metabolism.The content of free amino acids increased by 82.32%.Except that the sugar was consumed in some degree,the other nutritional and functional components were well preserved while the content of detrimental ginkgolic acids was reduced by 44.97%.In addition,fermented ginkgo seeds powder possessed better digestibility and showed pleasant orange-like smelling.In conclusion,the quality of ginkgo seeds powder was remarkably improved through solid-state fermentation by using E.cristatum,which could be a promising way for functional applications of ginkgo seeds.展开更多
Two new phenolic glycosides, 7S, 8R-urolignoside-9′-O-β-D-glucoside(1) and scrophenoside G(2), were isolated and identified from the seeds of Ginkgo biloba L., a famous traditional medicine and functional food aroun...Two new phenolic glycosides, 7S, 8R-urolignoside-9′-O-β-D-glucoside(1) and scrophenoside G(2), were isolated and identified from the seeds of Ginkgo biloba L., a famous traditional medicine and functional food around the world. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods(1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD), and the comparisons of spectroscopic data with the reported values in the literature.展开更多
Ginkgo biloba seeds were widely used for food and traditional medicine in china. In the present study, antioxidant proteins named GP were purified from Ginkgo biloba seeds. The proteins （GP） were purified by homogen...Ginkgo biloba seeds were widely used for food and traditional medicine in china. In the present study, antioxidant proteins named GP were purified from Ginkgo biloba seeds. The proteins （GP） were purified by homogenization of Ginkgo biloba seeds powder in the saline solution, precipitation with 70% ammonium sulphate, and filtration on DEAE-Cellulose 52 anion exchange column. GP showed protein content of 96%, and they showed three bands with approximate molecular weight of 15 kDa, 17 kDa, 21 kDa respectively by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis. Compositions of amino acids obtained by Amino Acid Analyzer showed GP were rich in Glu, Ser ,His ,Asp, Gly, Ala, Leu and Lys compared with the other fractions. The antioxidant activities of GP were investigated using DPPH （the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl） free radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The GP showed antioxidant activities higher than α-Tocopherol and BHA. Therefore, the present study demonstrates proteins from Ginkgo biloba seeds （GP） can be excellent antioxidant.展开更多
Germination tests are currently the most widely used method to evaluate seed quality of Ginkgo biloba L., but they are time-consuming and labor intensive. Oxygen-sensing technology, based on the principle of fluoresce...Germination tests are currently the most widely used method to evaluate seed quality of Ginkgo biloba L., but they are time-consuming and labor intensive. Oxygen-sensing technology, based on the principle of fluorescence quenching to detect oxygen and assess seed quality was used to rapidly evaluate seed quality of two varieties (Shandong Tancheng 202 and Zhejiang Dafoshou) of G. biloba from five mother plants. Fifteen samples of three vigor levels were produced by accelerated aging treatments. This process was applied in duplicate. A portable oxygen-sensing detector was employed to measure oxygen content during seed germination in a closed system at 25 A degrees C each day until day 14. Four oxygen metabolism indices were calculated: oxygen consumption index, oxygen consumption rate, critical oxygen concentration, and theoretical germination time (T (GT)). Additionally, we tested laboratory germination and field emergence. The results of a one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis showed that T (GT) was the candidate index to evaluate seed quality of G. biloba. Therefore, the T (GT) value was used to validate the reliability of oxygen-sensing evaluation for Zhejiang Dafoshou seeds kept under four storage conditions. The trend in the change in oxygen metabolism agreed completely agreement with that of seed germination under all storage conditions. The oxygen-sensing test reliably and rapidly assessed seed quality of G. biloba. The germination rate of Zhejiang Dafoshou was accurately predicted by T (GT).展开更多
The dynamic changes of protein polypeptide in endosperms of Gingkgo biloba seeds during seed germination were studied by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）. The results showed that 80 kinds of p...The dynamic changes of protein polypeptide in endosperms of Gingkgo biloba seeds during seed germination were studied by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）. The results showed that 80 kinds of protein spots in endosperms of Gingkgo biloba were clear observed in the 2-DE spectrum. Protein molecular weights were in the range of 26-52kD, and their isoelectric points were in the range of 5.8-7.8. In the course of seed germination, 13 kinds of proteins were degraded, and 13 kinds of proteins were synthesized; 7 kinds of proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points of 35kD/pIr.8, 31kD/pIr.8, 29kD/pIr.8, 33kD/pI6.6, 33kD/pI 6.4, 34kD/pI7.7 and 31kD/pI7.7 were identified primarily as vegetative storage proteins （VSPs）.展开更多
Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious and unique species within Ginkgo family and Ginkgo genus, but it shows a big variability. From 1950s, resources of female plants in China were investigated and collected, and the seed ana...Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious and unique species within Ginkgo family and Ginkgo genus, but it shows a big variability. From 1950s, resources of female plants in China were investigated and collected, and the seed anatomical structure and morphological characters at different development stages were observed. According to the shape, length, width and thickness of ovule bracket and seed stone, as well as the characteristics of both sides and top of the stone, the female plants of Ginkgo biloba have been divided into five types, long-stone, Buddha-finger, horse-bell, mume-stone and round-stone. In addition, the important cultivars belonging to different types were also determined. The stone weight, index of stone shape, and contents of dry matter, amylose, amylopectin, starch, rough protein, soluble sugar and hydrocyanic acid in seed kernel of each type were measured, and the qualities of seed stone were appraised, which lays a foundation for the improvement and utilization of female plant resources in Ginkgo biloba.展开更多
基金This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017T100373,No.2016M600417)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFD0600701)+1 种基金Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(No.2015-JY-016)333 Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BRA2017458).
文摘In this study,we investigated the feasibility of Ginkgo biloba seeds powder by solid-state fermen-tation with Eurotium cristatum for developing high-value ginkgo seeds products.The optimum fermentation medium was consisted of 10 g of 40-mesh ginkgo seeds powder loaded in 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 50%(w/w)of water content,4%(w/w)of MgSO_(4)and 5%(w/w)of KH_(2)PO_(4)addition.The optimum fermentation conditions were pH 5.0,2×10^(8)CFU/g of inoculum size,3 mL of sterilized water supplemented every two days during the four days of fermentation.Through fermentation,the spore number of E.cristatum was improved by about 36 times with the produc-tion of lovastatin reaching(54.10±0.16)μg/g.The antioxidant activity of fermented ginkgo seeds powder also got obvious enhancement,which could help eliminate excess free radicals produced by normal metabolism.The content of free amino acids increased by 82.32%.Except that the sugar was consumed in some degree,the other nutritional and functional components were well preserved while the content of detrimental ginkgolic acids was reduced by 44.97%.In addition,fermented ginkgo seeds powder possessed better digestibility and showed pleasant orange-like smelling.In conclusion,the quality of ginkgo seeds powder was remarkably improved through solid-state fermentation by using E.cristatum,which could be a promising way for functional applications of ginkgo seeds.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.81430092)the Outstanding Youth Fund of the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20160077)+1 种基金the project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT_15R63)
文摘Two new phenolic glycosides, 7S, 8R-urolignoside-9′-O-β-D-glucoside(1) and scrophenoside G(2), were isolated and identified from the seeds of Ginkgo biloba L., a famous traditional medicine and functional food around the world. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods(1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD), and the comparisons of spectroscopic data with the reported values in the literature.
文摘Ginkgo biloba seeds were widely used for food and traditional medicine in china. In the present study, antioxidant proteins named GP were purified from Ginkgo biloba seeds. The proteins （GP） were purified by homogenization of Ginkgo biloba seeds powder in the saline solution, precipitation with 70% ammonium sulphate, and filtration on DEAE-Cellulose 52 anion exchange column. GP showed protein content of 96%, and they showed three bands with approximate molecular weight of 15 kDa, 17 kDa, 21 kDa respectively by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis. Compositions of amino acids obtained by Amino Acid Analyzer showed GP were rich in Glu, Ser ,His ,Asp, Gly, Ala, Leu and Lys compared with the other fractions. The antioxidant activities of GP were investigated using DPPH （the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl） free radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The GP showed antioxidant activities higher than α-Tocopherol and BHA. Therefore, the present study demonstrates proteins from Ginkgo biloba seeds （GP） can be excellent antioxidant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371712,30800890)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY13C130011,LY13C16007)+2 种基金Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201303002)the Graduate Special Fund Innovative Projects of Jiangxi Province(YC2014-B035)the University Teachers’Professional Development Project of Zhejiang Province(FX2015050)
文摘Germination tests are currently the most widely used method to evaluate seed quality of Ginkgo biloba L., but they are time-consuming and labor intensive. Oxygen-sensing technology, based on the principle of fluorescence quenching to detect oxygen and assess seed quality was used to rapidly evaluate seed quality of two varieties (Shandong Tancheng 202 and Zhejiang Dafoshou) of G. biloba from five mother plants. Fifteen samples of three vigor levels were produced by accelerated aging treatments. This process was applied in duplicate. A portable oxygen-sensing detector was employed to measure oxygen content during seed germination in a closed system at 25 A degrees C each day until day 14. Four oxygen metabolism indices were calculated: oxygen consumption index, oxygen consumption rate, critical oxygen concentration, and theoretical germination time (T (GT)). Additionally, we tested laboratory germination and field emergence. The results of a one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis showed that T (GT) was the candidate index to evaluate seed quality of G. biloba. Therefore, the T (GT) value was used to validate the reliability of oxygen-sensing evaluation for Zhejiang Dafoshou seeds kept under four storage conditions. The trend in the change in oxygen metabolism agreed completely agreement with that of seed germination under all storage conditions. The oxygen-sensing test reliably and rapidly assessed seed quality of G. biloba. The germination rate of Zhejiang Dafoshou was accurately predicted by T (GT).
基金The research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30371154).
文摘The dynamic changes of protein polypeptide in endosperms of Gingkgo biloba seeds during seed germination were studied by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）. The results showed that 80 kinds of protein spots in endosperms of Gingkgo biloba were clear observed in the 2-DE spectrum. Protein molecular weights were in the range of 26-52kD, and their isoelectric points were in the range of 5.8-7.8. In the course of seed germination, 13 kinds of proteins were degraded, and 13 kinds of proteins were synthesized; 7 kinds of proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points of 35kD/pIr.8, 31kD/pIr.8, 29kD/pIr.8, 33kD/pI6.6, 33kD/pI 6.4, 34kD/pI7.7 and 31kD/pI7.7 were identified primarily as vegetative storage proteins （VSPs）.
文摘Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious and unique species within Ginkgo family and Ginkgo genus, but it shows a big variability. From 1950s, resources of female plants in China were investigated and collected, and the seed anatomical structure and morphological characters at different development stages were observed. According to the shape, length, width and thickness of ovule bracket and seed stone, as well as the characteristics of both sides and top of the stone, the female plants of Ginkgo biloba have been divided into five types, long-stone, Buddha-finger, horse-bell, mume-stone and round-stone. In addition, the important cultivars belonging to different types were also determined. The stone weight, index of stone shape, and contents of dry matter, amylose, amylopectin, starch, rough protein, soluble sugar and hydrocyanic acid in seed kernel of each type were measured, and the qualities of seed stone were appraised, which lays a foundation for the improvement and utilization of female plant resources in Ginkgo biloba.
