Background: The effect of amylases combined with exogenous carbohydrase and protease in a newly harvested corn diet on starch digestibility, intestine health and cecal microbiota was investigated in broiler chickens.M...Background: The effect of amylases combined with exogenous carbohydrase and protease in a newly harvested corn diet on starch digestibility, intestine health and cecal microbiota was investigated in broiler chickens.Methods: Two hunderd and eighty-eight 5-day-old female chickens were randomly divided into six treatments: a newly harvested corn-soybean meal diet(control); control supplemented with 1,500 U/g α-amylase(Enzyme A);Enzyme A + 300 U/g amylopectase + 20,000 U/g glucoamylase(Enzyme B); Enzyme B + protease 10,000 U/g(Enzyme C); Enzyme C + xylanase 15,000 U/g(Enzyme D); and Enzyme D + cellulase 200 U/g + pectinase 1,000 U/g(Enzyme E). Growth performance, starch digestibility, digestive organ morphology, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated in the birds at 16 and 23 d of age.Results: Compared with the control diet, supplementation with Enzyme A significantly decreased ileum lesion scoring at 16 d of age(P < 0.05); supplementation with Enzyme B or Enzyme C showed positive effects on ileal amylopectin and total starch digestibility(P < 0.05); Broilers fed with a diet supplemented with Enzyme D had a tendency to decrease body weight gain at 23 d. Enzyme E supplementation improved lesion scoring of jejunum and ileum at 16 d(P < 0.05), and increased ileal amylopectin or total starch digestibility at 23 d(P < 0.05).Supplementation of enzymes changed cecal microbiota diversity. High numbers of Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Butyricicoccus, Anaerostipes and Bifidobacterium, Sutterella and Odoribacter were the main genera detected in supplementations with Enzymes B, C, D, and E respectively.Conclusions: Supplementation with amylase combined with glucoamylase or protease showed a beneficial effect on starch digestibility and intestinal microbiota diversity, and increased growth of broilers fed with newly harvested corn.展开更多
Glucoamylase was immobilized onto novel porous polymer supports containing cyclic carbonate. The relationship between activity of immobilized glucoamylase and the properties of porous polymer supports was investigated...Glucoamylase was immobilized onto novel porous polymer supports containing cyclic carbonate. The relationship between activity of immobilized glucoamylase and the properties of porous polymer supports was investigated. The operation stability and storage stability of immobilized glucoamylase were studied.展开更多
A mesophilic strain of Aspergillus niger isolated from cassava effluent samples produced extracellular glucoamylase in submerged culture containing 2% (w/v) soluble or sweet potato starch. On soluble starch medium the...A mesophilic strain of Aspergillus niger isolated from cassava effluent samples produced extracellular glucoamylase in submerged culture containing 2% (w/v) soluble or sweet potato starch. On soluble starch medium the maximum glucoamylase activity in the culture filtrate was 9.40 U/mg compared to 8.24 U/mg on sweet potato starch culture filtrate. The mycelial dry weight for both media was 494 and 418 mg respectively. The maximum glucoamylase activity was obtained at a growth temperature of 40°C and pH 4.5. The implication is that the bioprocess of utilizing sweet potato starch in the culture is attractive due to its relatively cheaper availability in Nigeria, making it even more favorable when economics is considered.展开更多
The molecular basis for increasing of the glucoamylase (GLA) production of an Aspergillus niger mutant T21 was investigated . Northern blot analysis showed that the amount of glaA specific mRNA of A . niger T21 was ab...The molecular basis for increasing of the glucoamylase (GLA) production of an Aspergillus niger mutant T21 was investigated . Northern blot analysis showed that the amount of glaA specific mRNA of A . niger T21 was about 20 times higher than that of its start strain A . niger AS 3.795. The two glaA promoter fusions (PglaA)-uidAs were respectively introduced into A . niger. Analysis of GUS activity of the transformants revealed that the PglaA activity of the strain T21 is about 3 times stronger than that of the strain AS 3.795. It is considered to be one of the reasons for the increase of glaA transcriptional level in the strain T21. However, comparing with the 20 times increase in the amount of glaA mRNA the alteration of trans regulation should be the most important reason for that. The results of deletion analysis of 5′-cis region of A . niger T21 glaA gene indicated that the region from - 408 to - 513 bp upstream of ATG is responsible for the high level expression of glaA.展开更多
Objective:In order to overcome the defects of chemical hydrolysis approach to prepare glucosamine,an enzymatic hydrolysis method was developed.Methods:Glucosamine was prepared by hydrolyzing chitosan,employing α-amyl...Objective:In order to overcome the defects of chemical hydrolysis approach to prepare glucosamine,an enzymatic hydrolysis method was developed.Methods:Glucosamine was prepared by hydrolyzing chitosan,employing α-amylase initially,and subsequently,glucoamylase.Results:The optimal hydrolyzing conditions were as follows:reaction time,4 h;pH,5.0;temperature,50 ℃;and,α-amylase,80 U/g for the initial reaction.Subsequently,glucoamylase was added in the presence of α-amylase.The optimal reaction conditions were found to be:reaction time,8 h;pH,4.5;temperature,55 ℃;and,glucoamylase,4 000 U/g.The hydrolysates were subject to filtrating,concentrating to about 20%(w/w),precipitating with five volumes of ethanol,and drying at 60 ℃ for 2 h.The content and the yield of glucosamine in the dried precipitate were 91.3%(w/w) and 86.2%(w/w),respectively.Conclusions:The method developed in this study is a promising option in the preparation of glucosamine.展开更多
cDNAs of barley α amylase and A.niger glucoamylase were cloned in one E.coli yeast shuttle plasmid resulting in the construction of expression secretion vector pMAG15. pMAG15 was transformed into S.cerevisiae GRF18 b...cDNAs of barley α amylase and A.niger glucoamylase were cloned in one E.coli yeast shuttle plasmid resulting in the construction of expression secretion vector pMAG15. pMAG15 was transformed into S.cerevisiae GRF18 by protoplast transformation. The barley α amylase and A.niger glucoamylase were efficiently expressed under the control of promoter and terminator of yeast PGK gene and their own signal sequence. Over 99% of the enzyme activity expressed was secreted to the medium. The recombinant yeast strain, S.cerevisiae GRF18(pMAG15), hydrolyzes 99% of the starch in YPS medium containing 15% starch in 47 h. The glucose produced can be used for the production of ethanol.展开更多
Glucoamylase from Monascus rubiginosus has been found to exist in multiple forms on PAGE pattern （E<sub>1</sub>-E<sub>5</sub>）. Both major molecular forms E<sub>3</sub> and E<s...Glucoamylase from Monascus rubiginosus has been found to exist in multiple forms on PAGE pattern （E<sub>1</sub>-E<sub>5</sub>）. Both major molecular forms E<sub>3</sub> and E<sub>4</sub> are glycoproteins.Sugar content as mannose （%） is 7 for E<sub>3</sub> and 9 for E<sub>4</sub>, respectively,展开更多
Aspergillus niger glucoamylase GA 1 cDNA was inserted in between the yeast PGK promoter and terminator on plasmid pMA91. The resultant plasmid pMAG69 was introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae GRF18 by protoplast tr...Aspergillus niger glucoamylase GA 1 cDNA was inserted in between the yeast PGK promoter and terminator on plasmid pMA91. The resultant plasmid pMAG69 was introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae GRF18 by protoplast transformation. The A niger GA I cDNA was expressed efficiently under the contiol of PGK promoter and 99% of the gene products were secreted into the culture medium using its own signal sequence The recombmant yeast can digest 87% of starch in 2 d in the medium containing 10% starch. The recombinant plasmid pMAG69 can exist stably in 5. cerevisiae.展开更多
The A. awamori glucoamylase I gene was obtained by RT_PCR and inserted into the plasmid pAC1. We constructed an expression vector pAC1_GA, which was used to transform the yeast S. cerevisiae AS 2 1364 without auxotrop...The A. awamori glucoamylase I gene was obtained by RT_PCR and inserted into the plasmid pAC1. We constructed an expression vector pAC1_GA, which was used to transform the yeast S. cerevisiae AS 2 1364 without auxotrophic marker. The transformant secreted glucoamylase into the medium efficiently and degraded starch. The glucoamylase activity of the culture filtrate is up to 8 4 U/mL.展开更多
EMSA and footprinting analyses have revealed that the -489—-414 bp and the -390—-345 bp (designated DC and PC respectively) upstream of the Aspergillus niger T21 glaA gene were bound by one protein factor in the A. ...EMSA and footprinting analyses have revealed that the -489—-414 bp and the -390—-345 bp (designated DC and PC respectively) upstream of the Aspergillus niger T21 glaA gene were bound by one protein factor in the A. niger T21 whole cell extract. Both DC and PC contained CCAAT pentanucleotides. The functions of DC and PC in regulation of expression of glucoamylase (GLA) were studied. CCAAT pentanucleotides were replaced with CGTAA and the mutated DNA fragments DCm and PCm lost the binding activities of protein factors in vitro. In vivo when either DC or PC was mutated or the relative orientations between them were changed on the PglaA, the transcriptional activity of PglaA decreased to a basal level. Introduction of multi-copies of DC into the original site at the PglaA in A. niger T21 decreased the expression of endogenous GLA expression and the exogenous reporter E. coli uidA gene introduced under the PglaA promoter, while having no effect on the uidA gene under the control of PgpdA. EMSA re-vealed that the levels of the specific DNA-binding protein factors in the transformants maintained the same meaning that introduction of multi-copies of DC caused the titration effect. AnghapC gene was cloned from A. niger T21 cDNA and introduced into the DC multi-copied strains. The expression of AnghapC improved the expression of the endogenous GLA and the exogenous gene controlled by PglaA. These results showed that both the CCAAT pentanucleotides were necessary for DC and PC binding to the protein factors, and the simultaneous binding of DC and PC to the protein was necessary for promoting the transcriptional activity of PglaA. AngHapC was the specific positive trans-acting protein factor binding to DC.展开更多
基金supported by the System for Poultry Production Technology,Beijing Innovation Research Team of Modern Agriculture(BAIC04–2016)
文摘Background: The effect of amylases combined with exogenous carbohydrase and protease in a newly harvested corn diet on starch digestibility, intestine health and cecal microbiota was investigated in broiler chickens.Methods: Two hunderd and eighty-eight 5-day-old female chickens were randomly divided into six treatments: a newly harvested corn-soybean meal diet(control); control supplemented with 1,500 U/g α-amylase(Enzyme A);Enzyme A + 300 U/g amylopectase + 20,000 U/g glucoamylase(Enzyme B); Enzyme B + protease 10,000 U/g(Enzyme C); Enzyme C + xylanase 15,000 U/g(Enzyme D); and Enzyme D + cellulase 200 U/g + pectinase 1,000 U/g(Enzyme E). Growth performance, starch digestibility, digestive organ morphology, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated in the birds at 16 and 23 d of age.Results: Compared with the control diet, supplementation with Enzyme A significantly decreased ileum lesion scoring at 16 d of age(P < 0.05); supplementation with Enzyme B or Enzyme C showed positive effects on ileal amylopectin and total starch digestibility(P < 0.05); Broilers fed with a diet supplemented with Enzyme D had a tendency to decrease body weight gain at 23 d. Enzyme E supplementation improved lesion scoring of jejunum and ileum at 16 d(P < 0.05), and increased ileal amylopectin or total starch digestibility at 23 d(P < 0.05).Supplementation of enzymes changed cecal microbiota diversity. High numbers of Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Butyricicoccus, Anaerostipes and Bifidobacterium, Sutterella and Odoribacter were the main genera detected in supplementations with Enzymes B, C, D, and E respectively.Conclusions: Supplementation with amylase combined with glucoamylase or protease showed a beneficial effect on starch digestibility and intestinal microbiota diversity, and increased growth of broilers fed with newly harvested corn.
文摘Glucoamylase was immobilized onto novel porous polymer supports containing cyclic carbonate. The relationship between activity of immobilized glucoamylase and the properties of porous polymer supports was investigated. The operation stability and storage stability of immobilized glucoamylase were studied.
文摘A mesophilic strain of Aspergillus niger isolated from cassava effluent samples produced extracellular glucoamylase in submerged culture containing 2% (w/v) soluble or sweet potato starch. On soluble starch medium the maximum glucoamylase activity in the culture filtrate was 9.40 U/mg compared to 8.24 U/mg on sweet potato starch culture filtrate. The mycelial dry weight for both media was 494 and 418 mg respectively. The maximum glucoamylase activity was obtained at a growth temperature of 40°C and pH 4.5. The implication is that the bioprocess of utilizing sweet potato starch in the culture is attractive due to its relatively cheaper availability in Nigeria, making it even more favorable when economics is considered.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (GrantNo.39870015).
文摘The molecular basis for increasing of the glucoamylase (GLA) production of an Aspergillus niger mutant T21 was investigated . Northern blot analysis showed that the amount of glaA specific mRNA of A . niger T21 was about 20 times higher than that of its start strain A . niger AS 3.795. The two glaA promoter fusions (PglaA)-uidAs were respectively introduced into A . niger. Analysis of GUS activity of the transformants revealed that the PglaA activity of the strain T21 is about 3 times stronger than that of the strain AS 3.795. It is considered to be one of the reasons for the increase of glaA transcriptional level in the strain T21. However, comparing with the 20 times increase in the amount of glaA mRNA the alteration of trans regulation should be the most important reason for that. The results of deletion analysis of 5′-cis region of A . niger T21 glaA gene indicated that the region from - 408 to - 513 bp upstream of ATG is responsible for the high level expression of glaA.
基金Project (No. 2009HS07) supported by the Open Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,China
文摘Objective:In order to overcome the defects of chemical hydrolysis approach to prepare glucosamine,an enzymatic hydrolysis method was developed.Methods:Glucosamine was prepared by hydrolyzing chitosan,employing α-amylase initially,and subsequently,glucoamylase.Results:The optimal hydrolyzing conditions were as follows:reaction time,4 h;pH,5.0;temperature,50 ℃;and,α-amylase,80 U/g for the initial reaction.Subsequently,glucoamylase was added in the presence of α-amylase.The optimal reaction conditions were found to be:reaction time,8 h;pH,4.5;temperature,55 ℃;and,glucoamylase,4 000 U/g.The hydrolysates were subject to filtrating,concentrating to about 20%(w/w),precipitating with five volumes of ethanol,and drying at 60 ℃ for 2 h.The content and the yield of glucosamine in the dried precipitate were 91.3%(w/w) and 86.2%(w/w),respectively.Conclusions:The method developed in this study is a promising option in the preparation of glucosamine.
文摘cDNAs of barley α amylase and A.niger glucoamylase were cloned in one E.coli yeast shuttle plasmid resulting in the construction of expression secretion vector pMAG15. pMAG15 was transformed into S.cerevisiae GRF18 by protoplast transformation. The barley α amylase and A.niger glucoamylase were efficiently expressed under the control of promoter and terminator of yeast PGK gene and their own signal sequence. Over 99% of the enzyme activity expressed was secreted to the medium. The recombinant yeast strain, S.cerevisiae GRF18(pMAG15), hydrolyzes 99% of the starch in YPS medium containing 15% starch in 47 h. The glucose produced can be used for the production of ethanol.
文摘Glucoamylase from Monascus rubiginosus has been found to exist in multiple forms on PAGE pattern （E<sub>1</sub>-E<sub>5</sub>）. Both major molecular forms E<sub>3</sub> and E<sub>4</sub> are glycoproteins.Sugar content as mannose （%） is 7 for E<sub>3</sub> and 9 for E<sub>4</sub>, respectively,
文摘Aspergillus niger glucoamylase GA 1 cDNA was inserted in between the yeast PGK promoter and terminator on plasmid pMA91. The resultant plasmid pMAG69 was introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae GRF18 by protoplast transformation. The A niger GA I cDNA was expressed efficiently under the contiol of PGK promoter and 99% of the gene products were secreted into the culture medium using its own signal sequence The recombmant yeast can digest 87% of starch in 2 d in the medium containing 10% starch. The recombinant plasmid pMAG69 can exist stably in 5. cerevisiae.
文摘The A. awamori glucoamylase I gene was obtained by RT_PCR and inserted into the plasmid pAC1. We constructed an expression vector pAC1_GA, which was used to transform the yeast S. cerevisiae AS 2 1364 without auxotrophic marker. The transformant secreted glucoamylase into the medium efficiently and degraded starch. The glucoamylase activity of the culture filtrate is up to 8 4 U/mL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30170014).
文摘EMSA and footprinting analyses have revealed that the -489—-414 bp and the -390—-345 bp (designated DC and PC respectively) upstream of the Aspergillus niger T21 glaA gene were bound by one protein factor in the A. niger T21 whole cell extract. Both DC and PC contained CCAAT pentanucleotides. The functions of DC and PC in regulation of expression of glucoamylase (GLA) were studied. CCAAT pentanucleotides were replaced with CGTAA and the mutated DNA fragments DCm and PCm lost the binding activities of protein factors in vitro. In vivo when either DC or PC was mutated or the relative orientations between them were changed on the PglaA, the transcriptional activity of PglaA decreased to a basal level. Introduction of multi-copies of DC into the original site at the PglaA in A. niger T21 decreased the expression of endogenous GLA expression and the exogenous reporter E. coli uidA gene introduced under the PglaA promoter, while having no effect on the uidA gene under the control of PgpdA. EMSA re-vealed that the levels of the specific DNA-binding protein factors in the transformants maintained the same meaning that introduction of multi-copies of DC caused the titration effect. AnghapC gene was cloned from A. niger T21 cDNA and introduced into the DC multi-copied strains. The expression of AnghapC improved the expression of the endogenous GLA and the exogenous gene controlled by PglaA. These results showed that both the CCAAT pentanucleotides were necessary for DC and PC binding to the protein factors, and the simultaneous binding of DC and PC to the protein was necessary for promoting the transcriptional activity of PglaA. AngHapC was the specific positive trans-acting protein factor binding to DC.
