The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the ba...The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the basic line of the “leadership and unity” of the party in the early stage of socialism around “one center,two basic points”;Xi Jinping’s so-called “unification”,which is based on the the basic line of Deng Xiaoping’s initial stage of building a socialist country that is “rich,strong,democratic,civilized,harmonious and beautiful”,has further established the importance of “people as the center” and “party’s leadership”.Therefore,the “people-centered” and “the party’s overall leadership” are unified and become the basic idea of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s governance of the country.Xi Jinping has put forward the unity of “party spirit-people’s nature”,the “consistency” between governing the country and politics,and the “integration” between the people’s interests and the party’s leadership,thus forming “persistence”,“comprehensive”,“confidence”,“maintenance” and other assertions.展开更多
The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-ro...The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.展开更多
The regulation of herbal traditional medicine(HTM)is of much importance as it ensures the safety,quality and efficacy thereof.However,there are variations in the regulation of HTM worldwide with some countries being m...The regulation of herbal traditional medicine(HTM)is of much importance as it ensures the safety,quality and efficacy thereof.However,there are variations in the regulation of HTM worldwide with some countries being more supportive of HTM than others.This literature review aimed to evaluate and compare the regulatory policies governing the use of HTM in developed and developing countries as well as to determine the regulatory challenges faced by regulatory authorities and governments across the world.The countries investigated in this study were Germany,the United States of America,Japan,South Africa,China and India.Variations were evident between countries,however,Germany and Japan were found to be more advanced with regards to the regulation of HTM.Germany and Japan had stricter regulatory policies and lesser safety concerns.South Africa and the United States of America appear to have inadequate or ineffective HTM regulatory systems which was seen by the countries’limited or lack of regulations and additional safety concerns.The findings showed the difference in HTM regulation between developed and developing countries were not as large as could be expected.The United States of America(developed country)was found to have poor HTM regulations,while China and India(developing countries)were found to have thorough regulations.The findings also show that both developed and developing countries continue to face challenges with regards to establishing regulations and registration procedures for HTM.展开更多
As the person chiefly in charge of the establishment of the 1982 C onstitution,Peng Z hen made a great contribution to the articles and the w hole process of establishment.First of all,he w as highly responsible in th...As the person chiefly in charge of the establishment of the 1982 C onstitution,Peng Z hen made a great contribution to the articles and the w hole process of establishment.First of all,he w as highly responsible in the process of establishment,w hich promoted each step. M ore importantly,his theory on socialist constitutionalism and the understanding about socialist democracy and legal system had profound influence on the 1982 C onstitution,w hich became a milestone for the socialist constitution establishment in C hina. Such a constitution not only recorded great achievements in the form of the fundamental law since the period of"setting things right",but also restated the basic socialist constitutional values and ideas about democracy,legal system,civil rights and so on. All in all,w hat Peng Z hen had done for the establishment of the 1982 C onstitution helped us have a better understanding of the development of the socialist constitutional government in C hina.展开更多
This article gives a brief introduction to the English Revolution and describes a detailed study of influence, as well as the explanation of a representative and constitutional government. The English Revolution which...This article gives a brief introduction to the English Revolution and describes a detailed study of influence, as well as the explanation of a representative and constitutional government. The English Revolution which happened in Britain is a historical event of great influence. It abolished the autarchic system of king and began to rule the society by law. We can conclude that it created good political conditions for Britain to become a kingdom of modern civilization.展开更多
In 2010,the Hungarian government established so-called“illiberal democracy.”Western courtiers have looked on with bewilderment over the past eight years at this political trajectory of Hungary.Some post-Communist co...In 2010,the Hungarian government established so-called“illiberal democracy.”Western courtiers have looked on with bewilderment over the past eight years at this political trajectory of Hungary.Some post-Communist countries that were committed to common European values,have already been implementing this illiberal democracy model.The perceived interests of the“nation”are taking centre stage and governments are subject to far fewer checks and balances.They are turning instead towards an alternative social,political,and economic model,in which the cultivation of traditional values and distinct national identities are of paramount ideological importance.This new model is frequently characterised by widespread,systematic state corruption,and an increasingly authoritarian political culture.The paper tries to shed light on the reasons of development of illiberal democracy in the European Union by examining the case in Hungary.Furthermore,the paper defines the price of partially giving up certain principles of liberal democracy,such as checks and balances,political pluralism,economic equality of market constituents,or the rule of law,in return of hoped greater economic and state efficiency.展开更多
As representatives of emerging economies,BRICS countries are increasingly prominent in global governance.The rapid economic development of BRICS countries is accompanied by a significant increase in greenhouse gas(GHG...As representatives of emerging economies,BRICS countries are increasingly prominent in global governance.The rapid economic development of BRICS countries is accompanied by a significant increase in greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and BRICS countries are paying increasing attention to climate change issues and actively participating in the construction of the international climate regime.The Paris Agreement was a historic breakthrough in international climate negotiations,and since then BRICS countries have strengthened multilateral and bilateral cooperation in energy efficiency,agricultural emission reduction and climate governance financing.Due to the constraints of technology,cooperation mechanism construction,financing,and other objective conditions,BRICS countries still face some challenges to further advance the global climate governance agenda with their group power in the short term.Whether BRICS countries can further advance the global climate governance agenda as a group in the post-Paris Agreement era depends on whether they can improve energy efficiency and optimize their energy mix,and whether they can deepen cooperation in agricultural emission reduction and climate finance.BRICS countries need to continue to promote clean energy development and low-carbon economic transformation,deepen the potential of climate cooperation in agricultural emission reduction,and give full play to the climate financing role of the New Development Bank,so as to further enhance the level of climate cooperation.At the same time,BRICS countries can widely involve developing countries in climate governance cooperation and strengthen dialogue and exchanges with other countries,so as to promote global climate governance in the post-Paris Agreement era.展开更多
Government procurement of public services is developed from the market-oriented reform of public services in Western countries.Many Western countries have adopted the practice of reform and have gained success of this...Government procurement of public services is developed from the market-oriented reform of public services in Western countries.Many Western countries have adopted the practice of reform and have gained success of this model.By analyzing the process of those in UK,the Netherlands,the United States and France,summing up experience,and I hope that’s useful for China’s reform.展开更多
文摘The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the basic line of the “leadership and unity” of the party in the early stage of socialism around “one center,two basic points”;Xi Jinping’s so-called “unification”,which is based on the the basic line of Deng Xiaoping’s initial stage of building a socialist country that is “rich,strong,democratic,civilized,harmonious and beautiful”,has further established the importance of “people as the center” and “party’s leadership”.Therefore,the “people-centered” and “the party’s overall leadership” are unified and become the basic idea of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s governance of the country.Xi Jinping has put forward the unity of “party spirit-people’s nature”,the “consistency” between governing the country and politics,and the “integration” between the people’s interests and the party’s leadership,thus forming “persistence”,“comprehensive”,“confidence”,“maintenance” and other assertions.
基金a preliminary result of the Chinese Government Scholarship High-level Graduate Program sponsored by China Scholarship Council(Program No.CSC202206310052)。
文摘The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.
文摘The regulation of herbal traditional medicine(HTM)is of much importance as it ensures the safety,quality and efficacy thereof.However,there are variations in the regulation of HTM worldwide with some countries being more supportive of HTM than others.This literature review aimed to evaluate and compare the regulatory policies governing the use of HTM in developed and developing countries as well as to determine the regulatory challenges faced by regulatory authorities and governments across the world.The countries investigated in this study were Germany,the United States of America,Japan,South Africa,China and India.Variations were evident between countries,however,Germany and Japan were found to be more advanced with regards to the regulation of HTM.Germany and Japan had stricter regulatory policies and lesser safety concerns.South Africa and the United States of America appear to have inadequate or ineffective HTM regulatory systems which was seen by the countries’limited or lack of regulations and additional safety concerns.The findings showed the difference in HTM regulation between developed and developing countries were not as large as could be expected.The United States of America(developed country)was found to have poor HTM regulations,while China and India(developing countries)were found to have thorough regulations.The findings also show that both developed and developing countries continue to face challenges with regards to establishing regulations and registration procedures for HTM.
基金the achievement of the Shandong University Innovation Fund for Graduate Students--“The Construction mode of the Constitutional Basic Rights and the Design of the Constitutional Censorship”(No.:yzc11010)
文摘As the person chiefly in charge of the establishment of the 1982 C onstitution,Peng Z hen made a great contribution to the articles and the w hole process of establishment.First of all,he w as highly responsible in the process of establishment,w hich promoted each step. M ore importantly,his theory on socialist constitutionalism and the understanding about socialist democracy and legal system had profound influence on the 1982 C onstitution,w hich became a milestone for the socialist constitution establishment in C hina. Such a constitution not only recorded great achievements in the form of the fundamental law since the period of"setting things right",but also restated the basic socialist constitutional values and ideas about democracy,legal system,civil rights and so on. All in all,w hat Peng Z hen had done for the establishment of the 1982 C onstitution helped us have a better understanding of the development of the socialist constitutional government in C hina.
文摘This article gives a brief introduction to the English Revolution and describes a detailed study of influence, as well as the explanation of a representative and constitutional government. The English Revolution which happened in Britain is a historical event of great influence. It abolished the autarchic system of king and began to rule the society by law. We can conclude that it created good political conditions for Britain to become a kingdom of modern civilization.
文摘In 2010,the Hungarian government established so-called“illiberal democracy.”Western courtiers have looked on with bewilderment over the past eight years at this political trajectory of Hungary.Some post-Communist countries that were committed to common European values,have already been implementing this illiberal democracy model.The perceived interests of the“nation”are taking centre stage and governments are subject to far fewer checks and balances.They are turning instead towards an alternative social,political,and economic model,in which the cultivation of traditional values and distinct national identities are of paramount ideological importance.This new model is frequently characterised by widespread,systematic state corruption,and an increasingly authoritarian political culture.The paper tries to shed light on the reasons of development of illiberal democracy in the European Union by examining the case in Hungary.Furthermore,the paper defines the price of partially giving up certain principles of liberal democracy,such as checks and balances,political pluralism,economic equality of market constituents,or the rule of law,in return of hoped greater economic and state efficiency.
文摘As representatives of emerging economies,BRICS countries are increasingly prominent in global governance.The rapid economic development of BRICS countries is accompanied by a significant increase in greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and BRICS countries are paying increasing attention to climate change issues and actively participating in the construction of the international climate regime.The Paris Agreement was a historic breakthrough in international climate negotiations,and since then BRICS countries have strengthened multilateral and bilateral cooperation in energy efficiency,agricultural emission reduction and climate governance financing.Due to the constraints of technology,cooperation mechanism construction,financing,and other objective conditions,BRICS countries still face some challenges to further advance the global climate governance agenda with their group power in the short term.Whether BRICS countries can further advance the global climate governance agenda as a group in the post-Paris Agreement era depends on whether they can improve energy efficiency and optimize their energy mix,and whether they can deepen cooperation in agricultural emission reduction and climate finance.BRICS countries need to continue to promote clean energy development and low-carbon economic transformation,deepen the potential of climate cooperation in agricultural emission reduction,and give full play to the climate financing role of the New Development Bank,so as to further enhance the level of climate cooperation.At the same time,BRICS countries can widely involve developing countries in climate governance cooperation and strengthen dialogue and exchanges with other countries,so as to promote global climate governance in the post-Paris Agreement era.
文摘Government procurement of public services is developed from the market-oriented reform of public services in Western countries.Many Western countries have adopted the practice of reform and have gained success of this model.By analyzing the process of those in UK,the Netherlands,the United States and France,summing up experience,and I hope that’s useful for China’s reform.
