Maintaining moderate economic growth targets(EGTs)is the key for local governments to effectively implement the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goals under the refreshed development pattern.Utilizing panel data of...Maintaining moderate economic growth targets(EGTs)is the key for local governments to effectively implement the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goals under the refreshed development pattern.Utilizing panel data of 276 prefecture-level cities in China's Mainland from 2010 to 2020,and employing methods such as intermediary and threshold models,this study empirically analyzes the internal mechanism of EGT’s impact on urban carbon productivity(UCP).Our findings demonstrate that:①The overall EGT during the analyzed period is not conducive to improving UCP.This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests.This effect is more pronounced in the central region and resource-based cities than in the east-west region and non resource-based cities.②EGT not only directly suppresses UCP but also exerts indirect negative impacts on UCP from three aspects:delaying the digital economy(DE),constraining financial expansion(FE),and hindering green technology innovation(GTI).This negative indirect effect is similar to or even surpasses the direct effect,suggesting that the internal relationship between EGT and“dual-carbon”goals should be re-evaluated from a new compound perspective.③EGT not only has a simple linear impact on UCP but also significantly exhibits a dynamic evolution pattern in inverted“U”shape.That is,as EGT continuously upgrades,a nonlinear impact on UCP emerges in the form of“promoting first,suppressing later”.This indicates that surpassing the“degree”limit for EGT will be detrimental to the improvement of UCP.This study broadens the scope of carbon productivity analysis by introducing a new perspective centered on EGT.The insights gleaned from this research offer valuable guidance for local governments to effectively manage economic growth expectations and promote the synchronized achievement of dual-carbon objectives.展开更多
Different from other methodologies for the forecasting of China＇s economic growth rate, this paper forecast of future potential growth rates from the end of China＇s demographic dividends, and then identified it as a...Different from other methodologies for the forecasting of China＇s economic growth rate, this paper forecast of future potential growth rates from the end of China＇s demographic dividends, and then identified it as a growth target. Official promulgation of non-binding targets will guide social expectation, assist in government policy-making, boost confidence in consumers, and provide guidance for producers and investors. Based on our estimation results, we suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, a GDP growth target between 6. 5% and 7% would be appropriate.展开更多
This paper intends to examine Chinese local officials' behavior for economic growth after the central government's implementation of economic restructuring policy.Theoretically,this paper has demonstrated that...This paper intends to examine Chinese local officials' behavior for economic growth after the central government's implementation of economic restructuring policy.Theoretically,this paper has demonstrated that when the central government credibly shifts its priority from overall national growth to regional economic restructuring,it will adopt an economic policy in favor of less developed region and local government officials will tactically adjust growth targets accordingly;when the restructuring policy has reached a wide enough coverage of benefit,officials of developed region will relatively lower growth targets for their respective jurisdictions.Empirically,this paper employs the growth targets laid out in the provincial Government Work Reports between 2001 and 2012 and the growth targets set in the five-year plans for the period between 1996 and 2015,and has discovered that changes of inter-provincial gaps are dominated by growth targets;after the central government has launched the program of regional economic restructuring on a full scale,developed provinces start to lower growth targets set for their respective jurisdictions.This paper's discoveries are robust and provide an explanation to the new tendency of China's economic growth in recent years,i.e.,economic growth of eastern region slows down,interprovincial gaps narrow and the central government has adopted the policy of coordinated regional development in favor of inland regions.展开更多
In Q3 of 2018, China＇s eco nomic growth slowed Io its weakest pace since Q1 of 2009, at 6.5 percent. This nat rowly fell short of the expected 6.6 percent, and is below the year on year figure of 6.7 per cent in the ...In Q3 of 2018, China＇s eco nomic growth slowed Io its weakest pace since Q1 of 2009, at 6.5 percent. This nat rowly fell short of the expected 6.6 percent, and is below the year on year figure of 6.7 per cent in the previous quarter.展开更多
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that affects the digestive system and is often linked to a poor prognosis. The absence of effective early screening methods results in the diagnosis of esophageal ...Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that affects the digestive system and is often linked to a poor prognosis. The absence of effective early screening methods results in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer (EC) patients at advanced or metastatic stages. While historically considered incurable, ongoing advancements in medical research have led to the integration of various treatment modalities as primary approaches for managing advanced endometrial cancer. These modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Notably, the introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has significantly enhanced the survival rates of individuals with EC. Immunotherapy has appeared as the predominant treatment for advanced esophageal cancer, while targeted therapy faces certain obstacles. Consequently, this review primarily focuses on the advancements in targeted therapy for esophageal cancer (EC), evaluating the effectiveness and safety of relevant medications, and aiming to provide guidance for the comprehensive management of EC based on current research findings.展开更多
Fibroblast growth factor receptors(FGFRs) regulate a variety of cellular functions, from embryogenesis to adult tissue homeostasis. FGFR signaling also plays significant roles in the proliferation, invasion, and survi...Fibroblast growth factor receptors(FGFRs) regulate a variety of cellular functions, from embryogenesis to adult tissue homeostasis. FGFR signaling also plays significant roles in the proliferation, invasion, and survival of several types of tumor cells. FGFR-induced alterations, including gene amplification, chromosomal translocation, and mutations, have been shown to be associated with the tumor initiation and progression of gastric cancer, especially in diffuse-type cancers. Therefore, the FGFR signaling pathway might be one of the therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of FGFR signaling in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, proliferation, and chemoresistance. We also discuss the accumulating evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of using clinical therapeutic agents to inhibit FGFR signaling for the treatment of gastric cancer.展开更多
Soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis is important aquatic species in China, and searching for alternatives protein resources to fish meal (FM)-based feeds in feed has become urgent and important for its sustainabi...Soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis is important aquatic species in China, and searching for alternatives protein resources to fish meal (FM)-based feeds in feed has become urgent and important for its sustainability development. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary soy protein concentrate (SPC) on growth, digestive enzymes and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway of juvenile P. sinensis (4.56 ± 0.09 g). SPC was applied to replace FM protein at 0%, 15%, 30% and 60% (designated as T0, T15, T30 and T60, respectively), and each diet was fed to triplicate groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance and feed utilization except of the turtles fed with T60 diet, of which showed poorer daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. The pepsin/trypsin and Na+-K+ ATP-ase activities decreased dramatically when SPC level increased, and lipase activities in liver and intestinal tract also showed decline tendency. However, amylase activities were unaffected. No significant differences were observed in TOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1 genes mRNA expression level of TOR signaling pathway among the treatments. However, the relative phosphorylated level of these proteins decreased significantly when SPC level increased. The present study indicated that high SPC substitution level would suppress digestive enzymes and TOR signaling pathway proteins phosphorylated level and eventually result in growth reduction of P. sinensis.展开更多
The present study investigated the nuclear transportation phenomenon of ^125I-nerve growth factor （NGF） and the DNA-damaging changes to U251 cells using microautoradiography and single cell electrophoresis. The resu...The present study investigated the nuclear transportation phenomenon of ^125I-nerve growth factor （NGF） and the DNA-damaging changes to U251 cells using microautoradiography and single cell electrophoresis. The results showed that ^125I-NGF inhibited the survival of p53 mutant U251 human glioma cell/tumor and enhanced the therapeutic effectiveness of vincristine in in vivo and in vitro models. In vitro experiments showed ^125I-NGF was transported into the nucleus and damaged the DNA in U251 cells. Moreover, ^125I-NGF locked the U251 cells in the G2 phase. Further investigation showed that ^125I-NGF decreased cyclin B1 protein levels in a dose dependent manner, but the level of cyclin B1 mRNA expression remained unchanged. ^125I-NGF increased phosphorylated Chkl, Chk2 and Cdc25c protein levels in U251 cells, but did not influence p53 and p21 protein expression. Moreover, ^125I-NGF and vincristine exhibited synergistic effects on reducing cyclin B1 protein levels. These results indicate that ^125I-NGF can provide anti-tumor effects by activating the ATM and ATR pathways through DNA damage.展开更多
Since the discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment of lung cancer harboring such actionable targets, many lives have been prolonged. To the same extent, same group of patients have failed to benefit from t...Since the discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment of lung cancer harboring such actionable targets, many lives have been prolonged. To the same extent, same group of patients have failed to benefit from this category of drugs, in long run, either initially or during the course of treatments, simply due to either known or unknown mechanism of resistance which occurs very often in the first few months after initiation of therapy. The resistance is 100 percent expected, and no patient is reported to be a waiver of such pattern. With best practices of oncology, the average duration of response is expected to be below 12 months [1]. About half of the resistance is caused by mutation at T790M in EGFR target, which can be revealed by liquid biopsy [1] [2]. The most recent studies have revealed the significant role of epigenome in controlling this complicated resistance pattern. We have learned that Histone deacetylation, as opposed to promoter methylation, may contribute to the epigenetic silencing and to EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC [3] [4]. Here we present a case study with a model of combinational therapy that targets the EGFR molecule, (by small molecule inhibitor, Afatanib) with simultaneous epigenetic modification of the target, (by application of multitargeted epigenetic therapy (MTET) with significantly improved clinical results. We propose further trials are needed to support such hypothesis, which if proved, could significantly shift the current practices in management of this set of cases in lung adenocarcinomas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.72163018]Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Science Planning Fund Project[Grant No.23YJA790026]Yunnan Province Basic Research Program General Project[Grant No.202401AT070393].
文摘Maintaining moderate economic growth targets(EGTs)is the key for local governments to effectively implement the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goals under the refreshed development pattern.Utilizing panel data of 276 prefecture-level cities in China's Mainland from 2010 to 2020,and employing methods such as intermediary and threshold models,this study empirically analyzes the internal mechanism of EGT’s impact on urban carbon productivity(UCP).Our findings demonstrate that:①The overall EGT during the analyzed period is not conducive to improving UCP.This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests.This effect is more pronounced in the central region and resource-based cities than in the east-west region and non resource-based cities.②EGT not only directly suppresses UCP but also exerts indirect negative impacts on UCP from three aspects:delaying the digital economy(DE),constraining financial expansion(FE),and hindering green technology innovation(GTI).This negative indirect effect is similar to or even surpasses the direct effect,suggesting that the internal relationship between EGT and“dual-carbon”goals should be re-evaluated from a new compound perspective.③EGT not only has a simple linear impact on UCP but also significantly exhibits a dynamic evolution pattern in inverted“U”shape.That is,as EGT continuously upgrades,a nonlinear impact on UCP emerges in the form of“promoting first,suppressing later”.This indicates that surpassing the“degree”limit for EGT will be detrimental to the improvement of UCP.This study broadens the scope of carbon productivity analysis by introducing a new perspective centered on EGT.The insights gleaned from this research offer valuable guidance for local governments to effectively manage economic growth expectations and promote the synchronized achievement of dual-carbon objectives.
文摘Different from other methodologies for the forecasting of China＇s economic growth rate, this paper forecast of future potential growth rates from the end of China＇s demographic dividends, and then identified it as a growth target. Official promulgation of non-binding targets will guide social expectation, assist in government policy-making, boost confidence in consumers, and provide guidance for producers and investors. Based on our estimation results, we suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, a GDP growth target between 6. 5% and 7% would be appropriate.
文摘This paper intends to examine Chinese local officials' behavior for economic growth after the central government's implementation of economic restructuring policy.Theoretically,this paper has demonstrated that when the central government credibly shifts its priority from overall national growth to regional economic restructuring,it will adopt an economic policy in favor of less developed region and local government officials will tactically adjust growth targets accordingly;when the restructuring policy has reached a wide enough coverage of benefit,officials of developed region will relatively lower growth targets for their respective jurisdictions.Empirically,this paper employs the growth targets laid out in the provincial Government Work Reports between 2001 and 2012 and the growth targets set in the five-year plans for the period between 1996 and 2015,and has discovered that changes of inter-provincial gaps are dominated by growth targets;after the central government has launched the program of regional economic restructuring on a full scale,developed provinces start to lower growth targets set for their respective jurisdictions.This paper's discoveries are robust and provide an explanation to the new tendency of China's economic growth in recent years,i.e.,economic growth of eastern region slows down,interprovincial gaps narrow and the central government has adopted the policy of coordinated regional development in favor of inland regions.
文摘In Q3 of 2018, China＇s eco nomic growth slowed Io its weakest pace since Q1 of 2009, at 6.5 percent. This nat rowly fell short of the expected 6.6 percent, and is below the year on year figure of 6.7 per cent in the previous quarter.
文摘Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that affects the digestive system and is often linked to a poor prognosis. The absence of effective early screening methods results in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer (EC) patients at advanced or metastatic stages. While historically considered incurable, ongoing advancements in medical research have led to the integration of various treatment modalities as primary approaches for managing advanced endometrial cancer. These modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Notably, the introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has significantly enhanced the survival rates of individuals with EC. Immunotherapy has appeared as the predominant treatment for advanced esophageal cancer, while targeted therapy faces certain obstacles. Consequently, this review primarily focuses on the advancements in targeted therapy for esophageal cancer (EC), evaluating the effectiveness and safety of relevant medications, and aiming to provide guidance for the comprehensive management of EC based on current research findings.
基金Supported by KAKENHI(partiallyGrant-in-Aid for Scientific ResearchNo.23390329)
文摘Fibroblast growth factor receptors(FGFRs) regulate a variety of cellular functions, from embryogenesis to adult tissue homeostasis. FGFR signaling also plays significant roles in the proliferation, invasion, and survival of several types of tumor cells. FGFR-induced alterations, including gene amplification, chromosomal translocation, and mutations, have been shown to be associated with the tumor initiation and progression of gastric cancer, especially in diffuse-type cancers. Therefore, the FGFR signaling pathway might be one of the therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of FGFR signaling in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, proliferation, and chemoresistance. We also discuss the accumulating evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of using clinical therapeutic agents to inhibit FGFR signaling for the treatment of gastric cancer.
文摘Soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis is important aquatic species in China, and searching for alternatives protein resources to fish meal (FM)-based feeds in feed has become urgent and important for its sustainability development. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary soy protein concentrate (SPC) on growth, digestive enzymes and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway of juvenile P. sinensis (4.56 ± 0.09 g). SPC was applied to replace FM protein at 0%, 15%, 30% and 60% (designated as T0, T15, T30 and T60, respectively), and each diet was fed to triplicate groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance and feed utilization except of the turtles fed with T60 diet, of which showed poorer daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. The pepsin/trypsin and Na+-K+ ATP-ase activities decreased dramatically when SPC level increased, and lipase activities in liver and intestinal tract also showed decline tendency. However, amylase activities were unaffected. No significant differences were observed in TOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1 genes mRNA expression level of TOR signaling pathway among the treatments. However, the relative phosphorylated level of these proteins decreased significantly when SPC level increased. The present study indicated that high SPC substitution level would suppress digestive enzymes and TOR signaling pathway proteins phosphorylated level and eventually result in growth reduction of P. sinensis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30701031the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), No. 2009CB521807Senior Expert Fund of Jiangsu University, No. 06jdg045
文摘The present study investigated the nuclear transportation phenomenon of ^125I-nerve growth factor （NGF） and the DNA-damaging changes to U251 cells using microautoradiography and single cell electrophoresis. The results showed that ^125I-NGF inhibited the survival of p53 mutant U251 human glioma cell/tumor and enhanced the therapeutic effectiveness of vincristine in in vivo and in vitro models. In vitro experiments showed ^125I-NGF was transported into the nucleus and damaged the DNA in U251 cells. Moreover, ^125I-NGF locked the U251 cells in the G2 phase. Further investigation showed that ^125I-NGF decreased cyclin B1 protein levels in a dose dependent manner, but the level of cyclin B1 mRNA expression remained unchanged. ^125I-NGF increased phosphorylated Chkl, Chk2 and Cdc25c protein levels in U251 cells, but did not influence p53 and p21 protein expression. Moreover, ^125I-NGF and vincristine exhibited synergistic effects on reducing cyclin B1 protein levels. These results indicate that ^125I-NGF can provide anti-tumor effects by activating the ATM and ATR pathways through DNA damage.
文摘Since the discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment of lung cancer harboring such actionable targets, many lives have been prolonged. To the same extent, same group of patients have failed to benefit from this category of drugs, in long run, either initially or during the course of treatments, simply due to either known or unknown mechanism of resistance which occurs very often in the first few months after initiation of therapy. The resistance is 100 percent expected, and no patient is reported to be a waiver of such pattern. With best practices of oncology, the average duration of response is expected to be below 12 months [1]. About half of the resistance is caused by mutation at T790M in EGFR target, which can be revealed by liquid biopsy [1] [2]. The most recent studies have revealed the significant role of epigenome in controlling this complicated resistance pattern. We have learned that Histone deacetylation, as opposed to promoter methylation, may contribute to the epigenetic silencing and to EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC [3] [4]. Here we present a case study with a model of combinational therapy that targets the EGFR molecule, (by small molecule inhibitor, Afatanib) with simultaneous epigenetic modification of the target, (by application of multitargeted epigenetic therapy (MTET) with significantly improved clinical results. We propose further trials are needed to support such hypothesis, which if proved, could significantly shift the current practices in management of this set of cases in lung adenocarcinomas.
