Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide.The main risk factors are consumption of tobacco products and alcohol,as well as infection with human papilloma virus.Approved ...Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide.The main risk factors are consumption of tobacco products and alcohol,as well as infection with human papilloma virus.Approved therapeutic options comprise surgery,radiation,chemotherapy,targeted therapy through epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition,and immunotherapy,but outcome has remained unsatisfactory due to recurrence rates of~50%and the frequent occurrence of second primaries.The availability of the human genome sequence at the beginning of the millennium heralded the omics era,in which rapid technological progress has advanced our knowledge of the molecular biology of malignant diseases,including HNSCC,at an unprecedented pace.Initially,microarray-based methods,followed by approaches based on next-generation sequencing,were applied to study the genetics,epigenetics,and gene expression patterns of bulk tumors.More recently,the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)and spatial transcriptomics methods has facilitated the investigation of the heterogeneity between and within different cell populations in the tumor microenvironment(e.g.,cancer cells,fibroblasts,immune cells,endothelial cells),led to the discovery of novel cell types,and advanced the discovery of cell-cell communication within tumors.This review provides an overview of scRNAseq,spatial transcriptomics,and the associated bioinformatics methods,and summarizes how their application has promoted our understanding of the emergence,composition,progression,and therapy responsiveness of,and intercellular signaling within,HNSCC.展开更多
Background:Fibroblast activation protein(FAP),a cell surface serine protease,plays roles in tumor invasion and immune regulation.However,there is currently no pan-cancer analysis of FAP.Objective:We aimed to assess th...Background:Fibroblast activation protein(FAP),a cell surface serine protease,plays roles in tumor invasion and immune regulation.However,there is currently no pan-cancer analysis of FAP.Objective:We aimed to assess the pan-cancer expression profile of FAP,its molecular function,and its potential role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSC).Methods:We analyzed gene expression,survival status,immune infiltration,and molecular functional pathways of FAP in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Genotype Tissue Expression(GTEx)tumors.Furthermore,to elucidate the role of FAP in HNSC,we performed proliferation,migration,and invasion assays post-FAP overexpression or knock-down.Results:FAP expression was elevated in nine tumor types and was associated with poor survival in eight of them.In the context of immune infiltration,FAP expression negatively correlated with CD8+T-cell infiltration infive tumor types and positively with regulatory T-cell infiltration in four tumor types.Our enrichment analysis highlighted FAP’s involvement in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.In HNSC cells,FAP overexpression activated the PI3K-Akt pathway,promoting tumor proliferation,migration,and invasion.Conversely,FAP knockdown showed inhibitory effects.Conclusion:Our study unveils the association of FAP with poor tumor prognosis across multiple cancers and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in HNSC.展开更多
Objective To identify nivolumab resistance-related genes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)using single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data.Methods The single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data...Objective To identify nivolumab resistance-related genes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)using single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data.Methods The single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to screen out differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between nivolumab resistant and nivolumab sensitive patients using R software.The Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator(LASSO)regression and Recursive Feature Elimination(RFE)algorithm were performed to identify key genes associated with nivolumab resistance.Functional enrichment of DEGs was analyzed with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses.The relationships of key genes with immune cell infiltration,differentation trajectory,dynamic gene expression profiles,and ligand-receptor interaction were explored.Results We found 83 DEGs.They were mainly enriched in T-cell differentiation,PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint,and T-cell receptor pathways.Among six key genes identified using machine learning algorithms,only PPP1R14A gene was differentially expressed between the nivolumab resistant and nivolumab sensitive groups both before and after immunotherapy(P<0.05).The high PPP1R14A gene expression group had lower immune score(P<0.01),higher expression of immunosuppressive factors(such as PDCD1,CTLA4,and PDCD1LG2)(r>0,P<0.05),lower differentiation of infiltrated immune cells(P<0.05),and a higher degree of interaction between HLA and CD4(P<0.05).Conclusions PPP1R14A gene is closely associated with resistance to nivolumab in HNSCC patients.Therefore,PPP1R14A may be a target to ameliorate nivolumab resistance of HNSCC patients.展开更多
Objective: To study the application effect of mouth-opening training sticks combined with oral massage on patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: Using convenient samp...Objective: To study the application effect of mouth-opening training sticks combined with oral massage on patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 60 patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer admitted to the Oncology Department from February 2022 to October 2023 were selected for a 2-week exercise and nursing program. The patients were divided into a control group (February 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022) and an observation group (December 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023), with 30 patients in each group. The control group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with cork for oral support training, while the observation group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with oral massage and mouth-opening training sticks for oral support training. The mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, comfort level, compliance, and quality of life were observed in both groups. Results: Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in mouth-opening degree and mouth-opening difficulty level between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, oral comfort level, compliance, and QLICP-HN scores in the observation group were all better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of mouth-opening training sticks and oral massage with mouth-opening functional exercises can effectively improve the degree of mouth-opening difficulty, enhance oral comfort, increase compliance with mouth-opening exercises, and improve quality of life.展开更多
Background:Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a prevalent form of cancer globally,with chemoresistance posing a major challenge in treatment outcomes.The efficacy of the commonly used chemotherapeutic agent...Background:Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a prevalent form of cancer globally,with chemoresistance posing a major challenge in treatment outcomes.The efficacy of the commonly used chemotherapeutic agent,cisplatin,is diminished in patients with poor prognoses.Methods:Various bioinformatics databases were utilized to examine Carboxylesterase 1(CES1)gene expression,clinicopathologic features,patient survival analysis,and gene function.An organoid model of HNSCC was established,along with the induction of drug-resistant HNSCC in the organoid model.CES1 expression was assessed using qRT-PCR and Western Blot,and differential markers were identified through transcriptome sequencing.Knockdown and overexpression models of CES1 were created in SCC-9 and patient-derived organoid(PDO)cells using shRNA and lentivirus to investigate the tumor biology and cisplatin resistance associated with CES1.Results:Research in bioinformatics has uncovered a strong correlation between the expression level of CES1 and the prognosis of HNSCC.The data suggests a significant link between CES1 expression and tobacco smoking.RNA-sequencing revealed a notable increase in CES1 expression in HNSCC-PDOcis-R cells compared to the parental PDO cells.Subsequently,we performed in vitro studies by HNSCC-PDO and SCC-9 and found that CES1-overexpressing cells exhibited reduced sensitivity to cisplatin and stronger tumor malignant biological behavior compared with CES1-knockdown cells.Conclusion:The observed association between CES1 expression and tobacco smoking implies a potential influence of smoking on the efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in HNSCC through the regulation of CES1 expression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck(SCCHN)accounts for 3%of all malignant tumors in Italy.Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy is first-line treatment for SCCHN;however,second-li...BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck(SCCHN)accounts for 3%of all malignant tumors in Italy.Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy is first-line treatment for SCCHN;however,second-line treatment options are limited.Taxanes are widely used for combination therapy of SCCHN,as clinical trials have shown their efficacy in patients with this disease,partic ularly in patients with prior therapy.AIM To perform a multicenter retrospective study on the efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel for SCCHN.METHODS All patients were previously treated with at least one systemic therapy regimen,which included platinum-based therapy in the vast majority.No patient received prior immunotherapy.RESULTS Median progression-free survival(mPFS)was 3.4 months and median overall survival(mOS)was 6.5 months.Subgroup analysis was performed according to three principal prognostic factors:Smoking,alcohol consumption,and body mass index.Analysis demonstrated reduced survival,both mOS and mPFS,in the unfavorable prognostic groups,with the biggest deltas observed in mOS.CONCLUSION Weekly paclitaxel provided favorable survival and disease control rates,with low severe adverse events.Paclitaxel is a safe and valid therapeutic option for patients with SCCHN who received prior therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND This article presents a rare case of a complex hip fracture involving the ipsilateral femoral neck,trochanter,and femoral head,that was accompanied by hip dislocation.Currently,there is no established stand...BACKGROUND This article presents a rare case of a complex hip fracture involving the ipsilateral femoral neck,trochanter,and femoral head,that was accompanied by hip dislocation.Currently,there is no established standard treatment method for this specific type of fracture.Therefore,it is crucial to comprehensively consider factors such as patient age,fracture type,and degree of displacement to achieve a successful outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old man sustained a comminuted fracture of his right hip as a result of a car accident.The injuries included a fracture of the femoral head,a fracture of the femoral neck,an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur,and a posterior dislocation of the hip on the same side.We opted for a treatment approach combining the use of a proximal femoral locking plate,cannulated screws,and Kirschner wires.Following the surgery,we developed an individualized rehabil-itation program to restore patient limb function.CONCLUSION For this complex fracture,we selected appropriate internal fixation and for-mulated individualized rehabilitation,which ultimately achieved good results.展开更多
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent and lethal solid tumor with a high mortality rate. Conventional cancertreatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, primarily target cancer...Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent and lethal solid tumor with a high mortality rate. Conventional cancertreatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, primarily target cancer cell eradication. However, uncontrolled proliferation and metabolic activities of these cells result in abnormalities in nutrient levels, hypoxia, and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME). These factors constrain the efficacy of traditional treatments by promoting drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Nanomaterials (NMs), such as nanozymes, can exhibit enzymatic activity similar to that of natural enzymes and offer a promising avenuefor the direct modification of the TME through catalytic oxidation-reduction processes. Moreover, they can serve as sensitizers or drug deliverycarriers, enhancing the efficacy of traditional treatment methods. Recently, NMs have garnered significant attention from oncologists. Thisreview begins with an overview of the composition and unique characteristics of the TME. Subsequently, we comprehensively exploredthe application of NMs in the treatment of HNSCC. Finally, we discuss the potential prospects and challenges associated with usingNMs in biomedical research.展开更多
The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular ...The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.展开更多
Introduction: Head and neck cancers represent a significant burden of cancer, collectively ranking fourth for cancer incidence and second for cancer mortality worldwide. Objective: To study the epidemiological and his...Introduction: Head and neck cancers represent a significant burden of cancer, collectively ranking fourth for cancer incidence and second for cancer mortality worldwide. Objective: To study the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of head and neck cancers in the ENT-CCF department of Ignace Deen National Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study covering a period of 5 years from September 1, 2016, to September 30, 2021. Results: We collected 43 cases of head and neck cancers, representing a hospital frequency of 1.85%. The mean age was 45.21 ± 13.23 years. Males predominated, accounting for 65.12%, compared to 34.88% for females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.87. Housewives accounted for 27.90%, followed by farmers at 23.26% and traders/merchants at 18.60%, with 41.86% being uneducated. The main risk factors were tobacco (37.21%) and alcohol (34.88%). Pain (53.49%), dysphonia (51.16%), and dyspnea (39.53%) were the main presenting symptoms. Squamous cell carcinoma (74.42%) and large cell lymphoma (18.60%) were the most commonly cited histological types. Conclusion: Head and neck cancers remain relatively common in our country. Improving prognosis depends on early diagnosis of the condition, resuscitation resources, and prompt management.展开更多
This review article explores phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)’s role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)through comprehensive expression and methylation examinations,genetic mutation investigation,and...This review article explores phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)’s role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)through comprehensive expression and methylation examinations,genetic mutation investigation,and prognostic evaluation.Using the UALCAN informational collection,PTEN expression examination uncovered a critical over-expression in HNSCC cells isolated from normal control samples,proposing its role in HNSCC multiplication.Further,analysis of PTEN expression across various clinical limits has shown critical up-regulation in different cancer development stages,racial groups,gender,and age classes within the context of HNSCC patients,suggesting its major role in cancer duplication.PTEN expression was validated by utilizing the GEPIA2.0 online tool,which showed PTEN expression was particularly significantly expressed in HNSCC cancer improvement when it appeared differently from normal control samples.Accordingly,examining PTEN validation across different phases of cancer advancement showed dysregulation in each of the four phases with the most raised expression in stage I and the least expression in stage IV.Thus,this study investigated the promoter methylation level of PTEN,figuring out a basic relationship between HNSCC samples and normal control samples.Analyzing promoter methylation across various clinical limits uncovered massive variations,with specific methylation patterns seen across malignant growth stages,race groups,gender,and age groups.Overall survival and disease-free survival(OS and DFS)utilizing the KM plotter tool showed a critical relationship between PTEN expression levels in HNSCC patients,showing high PTEN expression exhibited good overall survival when showed up distinctively comparable to low PTEN expression levels.In addition,in disease-free survival(DFS)evaluation HNSCC patients showing low PTEN expression experienced great DFS relative to HNSCC patients with high PTEN expression.Moreover,to validate PTEN expression against survival,the study examined the HNSCC patients into low and high-expression groups of PTEN.In HNSCC,low PTEN expression was connected with great overall survival(OS)when it appeared contrastingly relative to the high PTEN expression.In like manner,the study found that low PTEN expression level was connected with great DFS in HNSCC when it appeared contrastingly related to the high PTEN expression group.Genetic mutation analysis via cBioPortal identifies a minimal proportion of PTEN mutations in HNSCC,predominantly in-frame mutation,missense mutation,splice mutation,truncating mutation,and structural variant,indicating their basal significance in PTEN dysregulation within HNSCC.Further investigation of PTEN molecular components and their exchange inside the HNSCC microenvironment might disclose novel roads for designated treatment and accurate medication approaches in battling this harmful disease.展开更多
This review examines the role of ATM expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).Analysis revealed significant overexpression of ATM in HNSCC cells compared to normal control samples,suggesting its invo...This review examines the role of ATM expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).Analysis revealed significant overexpression of ATM in HNSCC cells compared to normal control samples,suggesting its involvement in cancer proliferation.ATM expression was notably upregulated across various clinical parameters,including different stages of cancer,racial groups,genders,and age groups,highlighting its role in cancer progression.Validation using the GEPIA2 tool confirmed strong ATM expression throughout all four stages of HNSCC,with the highest levels in stage II and the lowest in stage I.Promoter methylation analysis of ATM showed distinct patterns across different demographics and cancer stages,reinforcing its significance.The study also explored the relationship between ATM expression and patient outcomes using the KM plotter tool,finding that high ATM expression was associated with better overall survival(OS),while low ATM expression correlated with better disease-free survival(DFS).Genetic mutation analysis via cBioPortal identified minimal ATM mutations in HNSCC,including in-frame,splice,truncating,and missense mutations,suggesting their role in ATM dysregulation.The STRING tool was used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,revealing that the ATM gene interacts with ten key genes(NBN,ATR,CHEK2,MDC1,MSH2,MSH6,MRE11,TP53,TP53BP1,BRCA1),indicating its involvement in various biological functions.Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)through the DAVID web server revealed their participation in critical biological processes,including double-strand break repair,cellular response to DNA damage,and DNA damage checkpoints.KEGG pathway analysis further linked DEGs to cellular senescence,platinum drug resistance,homologous recombination,p53 signaling,and the cell cycle,underscoring ATM’s multifaceted role in HNSCC.展开更多
Coronal shear fractures of the femoral neck (CSFF) are the most challenging to treat among proximal femur fractures, directly affecting the life expectancy of patients with osteoporosis. However, an adequate osteosynt...Coronal shear fractures of the femoral neck (CSFF) are the most challenging to treat among proximal femur fractures, directly affecting the life expectancy of patients with osteoporosis. However, an adequate osteosynthesis method has not been elucidated yet. This study investigated the displacement direction of the femoral head fragment and its effect on the bone using finite element method. A finite element model for CSFF was developed from CT image data of a patient with osteoporosis using Mechanical Finder (ver. 11). Subsequently, finite element analyses were performed on six osteosynthesis models under maximum load applied during walking. The compressive stresses, tensile stresses, and compressive strains of each model were examined. The results suggested that the compressive and tensile stress distributions were concentrated on the anterior side of the femoral neck. Compressive strain distribution in the femoral head and neck was concentrated in four areas: at the tip of the blade or lag screw, the anteroinferior side of the blade or lag screw near the fracture site, and the upper right and lower left near the junction of the blade or lag screw and nail. Thus, the distribution of both these stresses revealed that the femoral head fragment was prone to anterior and inferior displacement. Distribution of compressive strains revealed the direction of the stress exerted by the osteosynthetic implant on the bone. The same results were observed in all osteosynthetic implants;thus, the findings could lay the foundation for developing methods for placing osteosynthetic implants less prone to displacement and the osteosynthetic implants themselves. In particular, the study provides insight into the optimal treatment of CSFF.展开更多
Single-cell RNA sequencing has been broadly applied to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) for characterizing the heterogeneity and genomic mutations of HNSCC benefiting from the advantage of single-cell reso...Single-cell RNA sequencing has been broadly applied to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) for characterizing the heterogeneity and genomic mutations of HNSCC benefiting from the advantage of single-cell resolution. We summarized most of the current studies and aimed to explore their research methods and ideas, as well as how to transform them into clinical applications. Through single-cell RNA sequencing, we found the differences in tumor cells’ expression programs and differentiation tracks. The studies of immune microenvironment allowed us to distinguish immune cell subpopulations, the extensive expression of immune checkpoints, and the complex crosstalk network between immune cells and non-immune cells. For cancerassociated fibroblasts(CAFs), single-cell RNA sequencing had made an irreplaceable contribution to the exploration of their differentiation status, specific CAFs markers, and the interaction with tumor cells and immune cells. In addition, we demonstrated in detail how single-cell RNA sequencing explored the HNSCC epithelial-tomesenchymal transition(EMT) model and the mechanism of drug resistance, as well as its clinical value.展开更多
Introduction: Oral health management is often difficult in patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy due to defects, bulky flaps, limitation of tongue movement, and trismus. In addition, patients who...Introduction: Oral health management is often difficult in patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy due to defects, bulky flaps, limitation of tongue movement, and trismus. In addition, patients who have undergone radiotherapy have serious disabilities such as oral mucositis, mucosal weakening, soft tissue fibrosis, salivary gland disorder, and osteoradionecrosis. Dental hygienists must understand the characteristics of patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy. In this report, the oral health management of three patients after maxillectomy, mandibulectomy, and radiotherapy was shown. Case Description: Case 1: A 53-year-old male patient visited our clinic after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and partial maxillectomy for cancer of the right maxillary gingiva. Case 2: A 65-year-old male patient visited our clinic after radiotherapy for a right-sided tongue cancer, partial mandibulectomy of the right tongue to the oropharynx, a right-sided segmental mandibulectomy and a speech aid and a mandibular prosthesis were provided. Case 3: A 36-year-old female visited our clinic for radiotherapy for left-sided tongue cancer. Dental hygienists provided oral health management to the patients. In oral health management, it was suggested that intervention before cancer treatment, oral hygiene instructions tailored to patients’ symptoms, and frequent professional care are important. Conclusion: Oral health management by dental hygienists is extremely important for patients undergoing maxillofacial cancer treatment to maintain their quality of life in the long term.展开更多
The surgeons adopt the comprehensive treatment method basing on surgery When head and neck tumors involve the carotid artery. At present, there are four surgical treatments, namely, dissection of carotid artery tumor,...The surgeons adopt the comprehensive treatment method basing on surgery When head and neck tumors involve the carotid artery. At present, there are four surgical treatments, namely, dissection of carotid artery tumor, resection of carotid artery, revascularization after carotid resection, endoarterial implantation of covered stent combined with surgical resection. However, there is currently no consensus on the standard surgical approach to choose. This paper describes the four surgical methods, which are expected to be helpful for head and neck surgeons to choose the surgical methods for head and neck tumors involving the carotid artery.展开更多
We analyzed RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)and clinical data from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Genomic Data Commons(GDC)portal to investigate the prognostic value of ano...We analyzed RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)and clinical data from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Genomic Data Commons(GDC)portal to investigate the prognostic value of anoikis-related genes(ARGs)in HNSCC and develop new targeted drugs.Differentially expressed ARGs were screened using bioinformatics methods;subsequently,a prognostic model including three ARGs(CDKN2A,BIRC5,and PLAU)was constructed.Our results showed that the model-based risk score was a good prognostic indicator,and the potential of the three ARGs in HNSCC prognosis was validated by the TISCH database,the model’s accuracy was validated in two independent cohorts of the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Immune correlation analysis and half-maximal inhibitory concentration were also performed to reveal the different landscapes of TIME between risk groups and to predict immuno-and chemo-therapeutic responses.Potential small-molecule drugs for HNSCC were subsequently predicted using the L1000FWD database.Finally,in vitro experiments were used to verify the database findings.The relative ARG mRNA expression levels in HNSCC and surrounding normal tissues remained consistent with the model results.BIRC5 knockdown inhibited anoikis resistance in WSU-HN6 and CAL-27 cells.Molecular docking,real-time PCR,cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),plate clone,and flow cytometry analyses showed that small-molecule drugs predicted by the database may target the ARGs in the prognostic model,inhibit HNSCC cells survival rate,and promote anoikis in vitro.Therefore,we constructed a new ARG model for HNSCC patients that can predict prognosis and immune activity and identify a potential small-molecule drug for HNSCC,paving the way for clinically targeting anoikis in HNSCC.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the radiological features of IgG4-related disease(IgG4-RD)in the head and neck region.Methods:In this radiology-based study,radiological features,clinical,laboratory,pathological findings,and pro...Objective:To evaluate the radiological features of IgG4-related disease(IgG4-RD)in the head and neck region.Methods:In this radiology-based study,radiological features,clinical,laboratory,pathological findings,and prognosis of nine patients with head and neck involvement diagnosed with IgG4-RD were investigated retrospectively.Results:The median age of the patients was 38 years(range:2.5-79 years),and there were six males and three females.The most common symptoms and clinical findings of the patients were eyelid and lacrimal gland swelling,painless exophthalmos,and ophthalmoplegia.The most common site of involvement on MRI was the orbit.Orbital involvement was followed by branches of the trigeminal nerve,sinonasal cavity,cervical lymph nodes,and dural involvement.The most common and remarkable imaging features were T2 hypointensity and diffuse homogeneous contrast enhancement.Conclusions:Head and neck involvement of the IgG4-RD,has specific imaging features that can help with diagnosis.Thus,early diagnosis and better outcomes can be achieved with increasing awareness of these features of this relatively new pathology.展开更多
Glucocorticoids(GC)are widely used to counter the adverse events during cancer therapy;nonetheless,previous studies pointed out that GC may reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy on cancer cells,especially in epidermal g...Glucocorticoids(GC)are widely used to counter the adverse events during cancer therapy;nonetheless,previous studies pointed out that GC may reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy on cancer cells,especially in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)remaining to be elucidated.The primary aim of the present study was to probe into the GC-induced resistance of EGFR-targeted drug afatinib and the underlying mechanism.HNSCC cell lines(HSC-3,SCC-25,SCC-9,and H-400)and the human oral keratinocyte(HOK)cell lines were assessed for GC receptor(GR)expression.The promoting tumor growth effect of GC was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry.Levels of signaling pathways participants GR,mTOR,and EGFR were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.GC increased the proliferation of HNSCC cells in a GR-dependent manner and promoted AKT/mTOR signaling.But GC failed in counteracting the inhibition of rapamycin in the mTOR signaling pathway.Besides,GC also induced resistance to EGFR-targeted drug afatinib through AKT/mTOR instead of the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway.Thus,GCs reduce the efficacy of afatinib on HNSCC,implicating a cautious use of glucocorticoids in clinical practice.展开更多
Head and neck squamous cell cancer(HNSCC)is a leading global malignancy.Every year,More than 830000 people are diagnosed with HNSCC globally,with more than 430000 fatalities.HNSCC is a deadly diverse malignancy with m...Head and neck squamous cell cancer(HNSCC)is a leading global malignancy.Every year,More than 830000 people are diagnosed with HNSCC globally,with more than 430000 fatalities.HNSCC is a deadly diverse malignancy with many tumor locations and biological characteristics.It originates from the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity,oropharynx,nasopharynx,larynx,and hypopharynx.The most frequently impacted regions are the tongue and larynx.Previous investigations have demonstrated the critical role of host genetic susceptibility in the progression of HNSCC.Despite the advances in our knowledge,the improved survival rate of HNSCC patients over the last 40 years has been limited.Failure to identify the molecular origins of development of HNSCC and the genetic basis of the disease and its biological heterogeneity impedes the development of new therapeutic methods.These results indicate a need to identify more genetic factors underlying this complex disease,which can be better used in early detection and prevention strategies.The lack of reliable animal models to investigate the underlying molecular processes is one of the most significant barriers to understanding HNSCC tumors.In this report,we explore and discuss potential research prospects utilizing the Collaborative Cross mouse model and crossing it to mice carrying single or double knockout genes(e.g.Smad 4 and P53 genes)to identify genetic factors affecting the development of this complex disease using genome-wide association studies,epigenetics,micro RNA,long noncoding RNA,lnc RNA,histone modifications,methylation,phosphorylation,and proteomics.展开更多
文摘Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide.The main risk factors are consumption of tobacco products and alcohol,as well as infection with human papilloma virus.Approved therapeutic options comprise surgery,radiation,chemotherapy,targeted therapy through epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition,and immunotherapy,but outcome has remained unsatisfactory due to recurrence rates of~50%and the frequent occurrence of second primaries.The availability of the human genome sequence at the beginning of the millennium heralded the omics era,in which rapid technological progress has advanced our knowledge of the molecular biology of malignant diseases,including HNSCC,at an unprecedented pace.Initially,microarray-based methods,followed by approaches based on next-generation sequencing,were applied to study the genetics,epigenetics,and gene expression patterns of bulk tumors.More recently,the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)and spatial transcriptomics methods has facilitated the investigation of the heterogeneity between and within different cell populations in the tumor microenvironment(e.g.,cancer cells,fibroblasts,immune cells,endothelial cells),led to the discovery of novel cell types,and advanced the discovery of cell-cell communication within tumors.This review provides an overview of scRNAseq,spatial transcriptomics,and the associated bioinformatics methods,and summarizes how their application has promoted our understanding of the emergence,composition,progression,and therapy responsiveness of,and intercellular signaling within,HNSCC.
基金This study was supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170972).
文摘Background:Fibroblast activation protein(FAP),a cell surface serine protease,plays roles in tumor invasion and immune regulation.However,there is currently no pan-cancer analysis of FAP.Objective:We aimed to assess the pan-cancer expression profile of FAP,its molecular function,and its potential role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSC).Methods:We analyzed gene expression,survival status,immune infiltration,and molecular functional pathways of FAP in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Genotype Tissue Expression(GTEx)tumors.Furthermore,to elucidate the role of FAP in HNSC,we performed proliferation,migration,and invasion assays post-FAP overexpression or knock-down.Results:FAP expression was elevated in nine tumor types and was associated with poor survival in eight of them.In the context of immune infiltration,FAP expression negatively correlated with CD8+T-cell infiltration infive tumor types and positively with regulatory T-cell infiltration in four tumor types.Our enrichment analysis highlighted FAP’s involvement in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.In HNSC cells,FAP overexpression activated the PI3K-Akt pathway,promoting tumor proliferation,migration,and invasion.Conversely,FAP knockdown showed inhibitory effects.Conclusion:Our study unveils the association of FAP with poor tumor prognosis across multiple cancers and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in HNSC.
基金supported by the National Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program for College Students(202210367002)the Key Laboratory Open Project of An-hui Province(AHCM2022Z004).
文摘Objective To identify nivolumab resistance-related genes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)using single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data.Methods The single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to screen out differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between nivolumab resistant and nivolumab sensitive patients using R software.The Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator(LASSO)regression and Recursive Feature Elimination(RFE)algorithm were performed to identify key genes associated with nivolumab resistance.Functional enrichment of DEGs was analyzed with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses.The relationships of key genes with immune cell infiltration,differentation trajectory,dynamic gene expression profiles,and ligand-receptor interaction were explored.Results We found 83 DEGs.They were mainly enriched in T-cell differentiation,PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint,and T-cell receptor pathways.Among six key genes identified using machine learning algorithms,only PPP1R14A gene was differentially expressed between the nivolumab resistant and nivolumab sensitive groups both before and after immunotherapy(P<0.05).The high PPP1R14A gene expression group had lower immune score(P<0.01),higher expression of immunosuppressive factors(such as PDCD1,CTLA4,and PDCD1LG2)(r>0,P<0.05),lower differentiation of infiltrated immune cells(P<0.05),and a higher degree of interaction between HLA and CD4(P<0.05).Conclusions PPP1R14A gene is closely associated with resistance to nivolumab in HNSCC patients.Therefore,PPP1R14A may be a target to ameliorate nivolumab resistance of HNSCC patients.
文摘Objective: To study the application effect of mouth-opening training sticks combined with oral massage on patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 60 patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer admitted to the Oncology Department from February 2022 to October 2023 were selected for a 2-week exercise and nursing program. The patients were divided into a control group (February 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022) and an observation group (December 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023), with 30 patients in each group. The control group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with cork for oral support training, while the observation group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with oral massage and mouth-opening training sticks for oral support training. The mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, comfort level, compliance, and quality of life were observed in both groups. Results: Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in mouth-opening degree and mouth-opening difficulty level between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, oral comfort level, compliance, and QLICP-HN scores in the observation group were all better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of mouth-opening training sticks and oral massage with mouth-opening functional exercises can effectively improve the degree of mouth-opening difficulty, enhance oral comfort, increase compliance with mouth-opening exercises, and improve quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160386)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024GXNSFDA010032,2023GXNSFAA026189).
文摘Background:Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a prevalent form of cancer globally,with chemoresistance posing a major challenge in treatment outcomes.The efficacy of the commonly used chemotherapeutic agent,cisplatin,is diminished in patients with poor prognoses.Methods:Various bioinformatics databases were utilized to examine Carboxylesterase 1(CES1)gene expression,clinicopathologic features,patient survival analysis,and gene function.An organoid model of HNSCC was established,along with the induction of drug-resistant HNSCC in the organoid model.CES1 expression was assessed using qRT-PCR and Western Blot,and differential markers were identified through transcriptome sequencing.Knockdown and overexpression models of CES1 were created in SCC-9 and patient-derived organoid(PDO)cells using shRNA and lentivirus to investigate the tumor biology and cisplatin resistance associated with CES1.Results:Research in bioinformatics has uncovered a strong correlation between the expression level of CES1 and the prognosis of HNSCC.The data suggests a significant link between CES1 expression and tobacco smoking.RNA-sequencing revealed a notable increase in CES1 expression in HNSCC-PDOcis-R cells compared to the parental PDO cells.Subsequently,we performed in vitro studies by HNSCC-PDO and SCC-9 and found that CES1-overexpressing cells exhibited reduced sensitivity to cisplatin and stronger tumor malignant biological behavior compared with CES1-knockdown cells.Conclusion:The observed association between CES1 expression and tobacco smoking implies a potential influence of smoking on the efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in HNSCC through the regulation of CES1 expression.
文摘BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck(SCCHN)accounts for 3%of all malignant tumors in Italy.Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy is first-line treatment for SCCHN;however,second-line treatment options are limited.Taxanes are widely used for combination therapy of SCCHN,as clinical trials have shown their efficacy in patients with this disease,partic ularly in patients with prior therapy.AIM To perform a multicenter retrospective study on the efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel for SCCHN.METHODS All patients were previously treated with at least one systemic therapy regimen,which included platinum-based therapy in the vast majority.No patient received prior immunotherapy.RESULTS Median progression-free survival(mPFS)was 3.4 months and median overall survival(mOS)was 6.5 months.Subgroup analysis was performed according to three principal prognostic factors:Smoking,alcohol consumption,and body mass index.Analysis demonstrated reduced survival,both mOS and mPFS,in the unfavorable prognostic groups,with the biggest deltas observed in mOS.CONCLUSION Weekly paclitaxel provided favorable survival and disease control rates,with low severe adverse events.Paclitaxel is a safe and valid therapeutic option for patients with SCCHN who received prior therapy.
基金Supported by the Peak Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Orthopedics and Traumatology Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine),No.YC-2023-0601.
文摘BACKGROUND This article presents a rare case of a complex hip fracture involving the ipsilateral femoral neck,trochanter,and femoral head,that was accompanied by hip dislocation.Currently,there is no established standard treatment method for this specific type of fracture.Therefore,it is crucial to comprehensively consider factors such as patient age,fracture type,and degree of displacement to achieve a successful outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old man sustained a comminuted fracture of his right hip as a result of a car accident.The injuries included a fracture of the femoral head,a fracture of the femoral neck,an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur,and a posterior dislocation of the hip on the same side.We opted for a treatment approach combining the use of a proximal femoral locking plate,cannulated screws,and Kirschner wires.Following the surgery,we developed an individualized rehabil-itation program to restore patient limb function.CONCLUSION For this complex fracture,we selected appropriate internal fixation and for-mulated individualized rehabilitation,which ultimately achieved good results.
基金supported by medical science research joint construction project of Henan(71188)Henan Provincial Department of Education under grant no.21B320008.
文摘Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent and lethal solid tumor with a high mortality rate. Conventional cancertreatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, primarily target cancer cell eradication. However, uncontrolled proliferation and metabolic activities of these cells result in abnormalities in nutrient levels, hypoxia, and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME). These factors constrain the efficacy of traditional treatments by promoting drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Nanomaterials (NMs), such as nanozymes, can exhibit enzymatic activity similar to that of natural enzymes and offer a promising avenuefor the direct modification of the TME through catalytic oxidation-reduction processes. Moreover, they can serve as sensitizers or drug deliverycarriers, enhancing the efficacy of traditional treatment methods. Recently, NMs have garnered significant attention from oncologists. Thisreview begins with an overview of the composition and unique characteristics of the TME. Subsequently, we comprehensively exploredthe application of NMs in the treatment of HNSCC. Finally, we discuss the potential prospects and challenges associated with usingNMs in biomedical research.
文摘The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.
文摘Introduction: Head and neck cancers represent a significant burden of cancer, collectively ranking fourth for cancer incidence and second for cancer mortality worldwide. Objective: To study the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of head and neck cancers in the ENT-CCF department of Ignace Deen National Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study covering a period of 5 years from September 1, 2016, to September 30, 2021. Results: We collected 43 cases of head and neck cancers, representing a hospital frequency of 1.85%. The mean age was 45.21 ± 13.23 years. Males predominated, accounting for 65.12%, compared to 34.88% for females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.87. Housewives accounted for 27.90%, followed by farmers at 23.26% and traders/merchants at 18.60%, with 41.86% being uneducated. The main risk factors were tobacco (37.21%) and alcohol (34.88%). Pain (53.49%), dysphonia (51.16%), and dyspnea (39.53%) were the main presenting symptoms. Squamous cell carcinoma (74.42%) and large cell lymphoma (18.60%) were the most commonly cited histological types. Conclusion: Head and neck cancers remain relatively common in our country. Improving prognosis depends on early diagnosis of the condition, resuscitation resources, and prompt management.
文摘This review article explores phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)’s role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)through comprehensive expression and methylation examinations,genetic mutation investigation,and prognostic evaluation.Using the UALCAN informational collection,PTEN expression examination uncovered a critical over-expression in HNSCC cells isolated from normal control samples,proposing its role in HNSCC multiplication.Further,analysis of PTEN expression across various clinical limits has shown critical up-regulation in different cancer development stages,racial groups,gender,and age classes within the context of HNSCC patients,suggesting its major role in cancer duplication.PTEN expression was validated by utilizing the GEPIA2.0 online tool,which showed PTEN expression was particularly significantly expressed in HNSCC cancer improvement when it appeared differently from normal control samples.Accordingly,examining PTEN validation across different phases of cancer advancement showed dysregulation in each of the four phases with the most raised expression in stage I and the least expression in stage IV.Thus,this study investigated the promoter methylation level of PTEN,figuring out a basic relationship between HNSCC samples and normal control samples.Analyzing promoter methylation across various clinical limits uncovered massive variations,with specific methylation patterns seen across malignant growth stages,race groups,gender,and age groups.Overall survival and disease-free survival(OS and DFS)utilizing the KM plotter tool showed a critical relationship between PTEN expression levels in HNSCC patients,showing high PTEN expression exhibited good overall survival when showed up distinctively comparable to low PTEN expression levels.In addition,in disease-free survival(DFS)evaluation HNSCC patients showing low PTEN expression experienced great DFS relative to HNSCC patients with high PTEN expression.Moreover,to validate PTEN expression against survival,the study examined the HNSCC patients into low and high-expression groups of PTEN.In HNSCC,low PTEN expression was connected with great overall survival(OS)when it appeared contrastingly relative to the high PTEN expression.In like manner,the study found that low PTEN expression level was connected with great DFS in HNSCC when it appeared contrastingly related to the high PTEN expression group.Genetic mutation analysis via cBioPortal identifies a minimal proportion of PTEN mutations in HNSCC,predominantly in-frame mutation,missense mutation,splice mutation,truncating mutation,and structural variant,indicating their basal significance in PTEN dysregulation within HNSCC.Further investigation of PTEN molecular components and their exchange inside the HNSCC microenvironment might disclose novel roads for designated treatment and accurate medication approaches in battling this harmful disease.
文摘This review examines the role of ATM expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).Analysis revealed significant overexpression of ATM in HNSCC cells compared to normal control samples,suggesting its involvement in cancer proliferation.ATM expression was notably upregulated across various clinical parameters,including different stages of cancer,racial groups,genders,and age groups,highlighting its role in cancer progression.Validation using the GEPIA2 tool confirmed strong ATM expression throughout all four stages of HNSCC,with the highest levels in stage II and the lowest in stage I.Promoter methylation analysis of ATM showed distinct patterns across different demographics and cancer stages,reinforcing its significance.The study also explored the relationship between ATM expression and patient outcomes using the KM plotter tool,finding that high ATM expression was associated with better overall survival(OS),while low ATM expression correlated with better disease-free survival(DFS).Genetic mutation analysis via cBioPortal identified minimal ATM mutations in HNSCC,including in-frame,splice,truncating,and missense mutations,suggesting their role in ATM dysregulation.The STRING tool was used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,revealing that the ATM gene interacts with ten key genes(NBN,ATR,CHEK2,MDC1,MSH2,MSH6,MRE11,TP53,TP53BP1,BRCA1),indicating its involvement in various biological functions.Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)through the DAVID web server revealed their participation in critical biological processes,including double-strand break repair,cellular response to DNA damage,and DNA damage checkpoints.KEGG pathway analysis further linked DEGs to cellular senescence,platinum drug resistance,homologous recombination,p53 signaling,and the cell cycle,underscoring ATM’s multifaceted role in HNSCC.
文摘Coronal shear fractures of the femoral neck (CSFF) are the most challenging to treat among proximal femur fractures, directly affecting the life expectancy of patients with osteoporosis. However, an adequate osteosynthesis method has not been elucidated yet. This study investigated the displacement direction of the femoral head fragment and its effect on the bone using finite element method. A finite element model for CSFF was developed from CT image data of a patient with osteoporosis using Mechanical Finder (ver. 11). Subsequently, finite element analyses were performed on six osteosynthesis models under maximum load applied during walking. The compressive stresses, tensile stresses, and compressive strains of each model were examined. The results suggested that the compressive and tensile stress distributions were concentrated on the anterior side of the femoral neck. Compressive strain distribution in the femoral head and neck was concentrated in four areas: at the tip of the blade or lag screw, the anteroinferior side of the blade or lag screw near the fracture site, and the upper right and lower left near the junction of the blade or lag screw and nail. Thus, the distribution of both these stresses revealed that the femoral head fragment was prone to anterior and inferior displacement. Distribution of compressive strains revealed the direction of the stress exerted by the osteosynthetic implant on the bone. The same results were observed in all osteosynthetic implants;thus, the findings could lay the foundation for developing methods for placing osteosynthetic implants less prone to displacement and the osteosynthetic implants themselves. In particular, the study provides insight into the optimal treatment of CSFF.
基金funded by Beijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China (No.LC2020A19)。
文摘Single-cell RNA sequencing has been broadly applied to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) for characterizing the heterogeneity and genomic mutations of HNSCC benefiting from the advantage of single-cell resolution. We summarized most of the current studies and aimed to explore their research methods and ideas, as well as how to transform them into clinical applications. Through single-cell RNA sequencing, we found the differences in tumor cells’ expression programs and differentiation tracks. The studies of immune microenvironment allowed us to distinguish immune cell subpopulations, the extensive expression of immune checkpoints, and the complex crosstalk network between immune cells and non-immune cells. For cancerassociated fibroblasts(CAFs), single-cell RNA sequencing had made an irreplaceable contribution to the exploration of their differentiation status, specific CAFs markers, and the interaction with tumor cells and immune cells. In addition, we demonstrated in detail how single-cell RNA sequencing explored the HNSCC epithelial-tomesenchymal transition(EMT) model and the mechanism of drug resistance, as well as its clinical value.
文摘Introduction: Oral health management is often difficult in patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy due to defects, bulky flaps, limitation of tongue movement, and trismus. In addition, patients who have undergone radiotherapy have serious disabilities such as oral mucositis, mucosal weakening, soft tissue fibrosis, salivary gland disorder, and osteoradionecrosis. Dental hygienists must understand the characteristics of patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy. In this report, the oral health management of three patients after maxillectomy, mandibulectomy, and radiotherapy was shown. Case Description: Case 1: A 53-year-old male patient visited our clinic after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and partial maxillectomy for cancer of the right maxillary gingiva. Case 2: A 65-year-old male patient visited our clinic after radiotherapy for a right-sided tongue cancer, partial mandibulectomy of the right tongue to the oropharynx, a right-sided segmental mandibulectomy and a speech aid and a mandibular prosthesis were provided. Case 3: A 36-year-old female visited our clinic for radiotherapy for left-sided tongue cancer. Dental hygienists provided oral health management to the patients. In oral health management, it was suggested that intervention before cancer treatment, oral hygiene instructions tailored to patients’ symptoms, and frequent professional care are important. Conclusion: Oral health management by dental hygienists is extremely important for patients undergoing maxillofacial cancer treatment to maintain their quality of life in the long term.
文摘The surgeons adopt the comprehensive treatment method basing on surgery When head and neck tumors involve the carotid artery. At present, there are four surgical treatments, namely, dissection of carotid artery tumor, resection of carotid artery, revascularization after carotid resection, endoarterial implantation of covered stent combined with surgical resection. However, there is currently no consensus on the standard surgical approach to choose. This paper describes the four surgical methods, which are expected to be helpful for head and neck surgeons to choose the surgical methods for head and neck tumors involving the carotid artery.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 81072214,30371547)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Number 2016YFC1102603).
文摘We analyzed RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)and clinical data from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Genomic Data Commons(GDC)portal to investigate the prognostic value of anoikis-related genes(ARGs)in HNSCC and develop new targeted drugs.Differentially expressed ARGs were screened using bioinformatics methods;subsequently,a prognostic model including three ARGs(CDKN2A,BIRC5,and PLAU)was constructed.Our results showed that the model-based risk score was a good prognostic indicator,and the potential of the three ARGs in HNSCC prognosis was validated by the TISCH database,the model’s accuracy was validated in two independent cohorts of the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Immune correlation analysis and half-maximal inhibitory concentration were also performed to reveal the different landscapes of TIME between risk groups and to predict immuno-and chemo-therapeutic responses.Potential small-molecule drugs for HNSCC were subsequently predicted using the L1000FWD database.Finally,in vitro experiments were used to verify the database findings.The relative ARG mRNA expression levels in HNSCC and surrounding normal tissues remained consistent with the model results.BIRC5 knockdown inhibited anoikis resistance in WSU-HN6 and CAL-27 cells.Molecular docking,real-time PCR,cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),plate clone,and flow cytometry analyses showed that small-molecule drugs predicted by the database may target the ARGs in the prognostic model,inhibit HNSCC cells survival rate,and promote anoikis in vitro.Therefore,we constructed a new ARG model for HNSCC patients that can predict prognosis and immune activity and identify a potential small-molecule drug for HNSCC,paving the way for clinically targeting anoikis in HNSCC.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the radiological features of IgG4-related disease(IgG4-RD)in the head and neck region.Methods:In this radiology-based study,radiological features,clinical,laboratory,pathological findings,and prognosis of nine patients with head and neck involvement diagnosed with IgG4-RD were investigated retrospectively.Results:The median age of the patients was 38 years(range:2.5-79 years),and there were six males and three females.The most common symptoms and clinical findings of the patients were eyelid and lacrimal gland swelling,painless exophthalmos,and ophthalmoplegia.The most common site of involvement on MRI was the orbit.Orbital involvement was followed by branches of the trigeminal nerve,sinonasal cavity,cervical lymph nodes,and dural involvement.The most common and remarkable imaging features were T2 hypointensity and diffuse homogeneous contrast enhancement.Conclusions:Head and neck involvement of the IgG4-RD,has specific imaging features that can help with diagnosis.Thus,early diagnosis and better outcomes can be achieved with increasing awareness of these features of this relatively new pathology.
基金supported by the Research Funding(No.RCDWJS 2020-20)Research and Development Program(RD-02-202002)from West China School/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(81902784&81872207)Sichuan Provincial Fund of China(2022YFSY0058).
文摘Glucocorticoids(GC)are widely used to counter the adverse events during cancer therapy;nonetheless,previous studies pointed out that GC may reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy on cancer cells,especially in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)remaining to be elucidated.The primary aim of the present study was to probe into the GC-induced resistance of EGFR-targeted drug afatinib and the underlying mechanism.HNSCC cell lines(HSC-3,SCC-25,SCC-9,and H-400)and the human oral keratinocyte(HOK)cell lines were assessed for GC receptor(GR)expression.The promoting tumor growth effect of GC was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry.Levels of signaling pathways participants GR,mTOR,and EGFR were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.GC increased the proliferation of HNSCC cells in a GR-dependent manner and promoted AKT/mTOR signaling.But GC failed in counteracting the inhibition of rapamycin in the mTOR signaling pathway.Besides,GC also induced resistance to EGFR-targeted drug afatinib through AKT/mTOR instead of the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway.Thus,GCs reduce the efficacy of afatinib on HNSCC,implicating a cautious use of glucocorticoids in clinical practice.
基金supported by a core fund from Tel Aviv University and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,Baruch Padeh Medical Center,Poriya,Israel。
文摘Head and neck squamous cell cancer(HNSCC)is a leading global malignancy.Every year,More than 830000 people are diagnosed with HNSCC globally,with more than 430000 fatalities.HNSCC is a deadly diverse malignancy with many tumor locations and biological characteristics.It originates from the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity,oropharynx,nasopharynx,larynx,and hypopharynx.The most frequently impacted regions are the tongue and larynx.Previous investigations have demonstrated the critical role of host genetic susceptibility in the progression of HNSCC.Despite the advances in our knowledge,the improved survival rate of HNSCC patients over the last 40 years has been limited.Failure to identify the molecular origins of development of HNSCC and the genetic basis of the disease and its biological heterogeneity impedes the development of new therapeutic methods.These results indicate a need to identify more genetic factors underlying this complex disease,which can be better used in early detection and prevention strategies.The lack of reliable animal models to investigate the underlying molecular processes is one of the most significant barriers to understanding HNSCC tumors.In this report,we explore and discuss potential research prospects utilizing the Collaborative Cross mouse model and crossing it to mice carrying single or double knockout genes(e.g.Smad 4 and P53 genes)to identify genetic factors affecting the development of this complex disease using genome-wide association studies,epigenetics,micro RNA,long noncoding RNA,lnc RNA,histone modifications,methylation,phosphorylation,and proteomics.
