Herein,a novel interference-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)strategy based on magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)and aptamer-driven assemblies was proposed for the ultrasensitive detection of histamine.A core-s...Herein,a novel interference-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)strategy based on magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)and aptamer-driven assemblies was proposed for the ultrasensitive detection of histamine.A core-satellite SERS aptasensor was constructed by combining aptamer-decorated Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au MNPs(as the recognize probe for histamine)and complementary DNA-modified silver nanoparticles carrying 4-mercaptobenzonitrile(4-MBN)(Ag@4-MBN@Ag-c-DNA)as the SERS signal probe for the indirect detection of histamine.Under an applied magnetic field in the absence of histamine,the assembly gave an intense Raman signal at“Raman biological-silent”region due to 4-MBN.In the presence of histamine,the Ag@4-MBN@Ag-c-DNA SERS-tag was released from the Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au MNPs,thus decreasing the SERS signal.Under optimal conditions,an ultra-low limit of detection of 0.65×10^(-3)ng/mL and a linear range 10^(-2)-10^5 ng/mL on the SERS aptasensor were obtained.The histamine content in four food samples were analyzed using the SERS aptasensor,with the results consistent with those determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The present work highlights the merits of indirect strategies for the ultrasensitive and highly selective SERS detection of small biological molecules in complex matrices.展开更多
BACKGROUND There are many adverse reactions in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)mainly with conventional drugs.Leukotriene receptor antagonists,glucocorticoids and nasal antihistamines can all be used as first-li...BACKGROUND There are many adverse reactions in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)mainly with conventional drugs.Leukotriene receptor antagonists,glucocorticoids and nasal antihistamines can all be used as first-line drugs for AR,but the clinical effects of the three drugs are not clear.AIM To examine the impact of glucocorticoids,antihistamines,and leukotriene receptor antagonists on individuals diagnosed with AR,specifically focusing on their influence on serum inflammatory indexes.METHODS The present retrospective study focused on the clinical data of 80 patients diagnosed and treated for AR at our hospital between May 2019 and May 2021.The participants were categorized into the control group and the observation group.The control group received leukotriene receptor antagonists,while the observation group was administered glucocorticoids and antihistamines.Conducted an observation and comparison of the symptoms,physical sign scores,adverse reactions,and effects on serum inflammatory indexes in two distinct groups of patients,both before and after treatment.RESULTS Subsequent to treatment,the nasal itching score,sneeze score,runny nose score,nasal congestion score,and physical signs score exhibited notable discrepancies(P<0.05),with the observation group demonstrating superior outcomes compared to the control group(P<0.05).The interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1,Leukotriene D4 after treatment were significantly different and the observation group It is better than the control group,which is statistically significant(P<0.05).Following the intervention,the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group,including symptoms such as nasal dryness,discomfort in the throat,bitter taste in the mouth,and minor erosion of the nasal mucosa,was found to be 7.5%.This rate was significantly lower compared to the control group,which reported an incidence of 27.5%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids and antihistamines have obvious therapeutic effects,reduce serum inflammatory index levels,relieve symptoms and signs of patients,and promote patients'recovery,which can provide a reference for clinical treatment of AR.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Currently there is very limited data in the literature assessing the prevalence of antihistamine prescription, and there is no local prevalence data about the prescription of antihistamine agents among pri...BACKGROUND: Currently there is very limited data in the literature assessing the prevalence of antihistamine prescription, and there is no local prevalence data about the prescription of antihistamine agents among primary practitioner and emergency physicians. The objectives are 1) to report the prevalence of antihistamine prescription for children less than 6 years old with acute upper respiratory infection and 2) to explore the associated factors for the prescription practice.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. All consecutive cases of paediatric patients aged 6 or below who presented to the emergency department during a study period of one week from April 1 to July 4, 2009 with diagnosis of acute upper respiratory infection were included. Totally 162 patients were included.RESULTS: Among the 162 cases, 141(87%) patients were prescribed one antihistamine of any group. Sixty(37%) patients were prescribed two or more antihistamines. In multivariate logistic regression model, age was found to be signi? cantly(P<0.001) associated with multiple antihistamine prescription(OR=1.042, 95%CI=1.02 to 1.06). Years of graduation of attending physician for more than 5 years was also a strong predictor of multiple antihistamine prescription(OR=4.654, 95%CI=2.20 to 9.84, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: In the local emergency department, patients' age and the years of graduation from medical school of the attending physician were predictors of multiple antihistamine prescription for acute upper respiratory infections for children aged less than 6.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of bile acid on the expression of histidine decarboxylase(HDC),which is a major enzyme involved in histamine production,and gene expression of gastric transcription factors upon cooperati...AIM:To investigate the effect of bile acid on the expression of histidine decarboxylase(HDC),which is a major enzyme involved in histamine production,and gene expression of gastric transcription factors upon cooperative activation.METHODS:HDC expression was examined by immunohistochemistry,reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction,and promoter assay in human gastric precancerous tissues,normal stomach tissue,and gastric cancer cell lines.The relationship between gastric precancerous state and HDC expression induced by bile acid was determined.The association between the expression of HDC and various specific transcription factors in gastric cells was also evaluated.MKN45 and AGS human gastric carcinoma cell lines were transfected with farnesoid X receptor(FXR),small heterodimer partner(SHP),and caudal-type homeodomain transcription factor(CDX)1 expression plasmids.The effects of various transcription factors on HDC expression were monitored by luciferase-reporter promoter assay.RESULTS:Histamine production and secretion in the stomach play critical roles in gastric acid secretion and in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases.Here,we show that bile acid increased the expression of HDC,which is a rate-limiting enzyme of the histamine production pathway.FXR was found to be a primary regulatory transcription factor for bile acid-induced HDC expression.In addition,the transcription factors CDX1 and SHP synergistically enhanced bile acid-induced elevation of HDC gene expression.We confirmed similar expression patterns for HDC,CDX1,and SHP in patient tissues.CONCLUSION:HDC production in the stomach is associated with bile acid exposure and its related transcriptional regulation network of FXR,SHP,and CDX1.展开更多
Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the analysis of histamine in single rat peritoneal mast cells using an amperometric detector. In this method, individual mast cells and then 0.02 mol/L NaOH as a lysing ...Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the analysis of histamine in single rat peritoneal mast cells using an amperometric detector. In this method, individual mast cells and then 0.02 mol/L NaOH as a lysing solution are injected into the front end of the separation capillary. A cell injector was constructed for easy injection of single cells. Histamine in single mast cells has been identified and quantified.展开更多
AIM:To test the hypothesis that histamine 3 receptor (H3R)activation during Helicobacter infection inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo and in vitro.METHODS:Helicobacter felis(H.felis)infected and uninfected C57Bl/...AIM:To test the hypothesis that histamine 3 receptor (H3R)activation during Helicobacter infection inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo and in vitro.METHODS:Helicobacter felis(H.felis)infected and uninfected C57Bl/6 mice were infused with either PBS or the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide(THIO)for 12 wk.After treatment,mice were analyzed for morphological changes and gastric acid content.Total RNA was prepared from the stomachs of each group and analyzed for changes in somatostatin and gastrin mRNA abundance by real time-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).Location of H3 receptors in the stomach was analyzed by co-localization using antibodies specific for the H3 receptor and parietal cell marker H + ,K + -ATPase βsubunit. RESULTS:Inflammation and parietal cell atrophy was observed after 12 wk of H.felis infection.Interestingly, treatment with the H3R antagonist thioperamide(THIO) prior to and during infection prevented H.felis-induced inflammation and atrophy.Compared to the uninfected controls,infected mice also had significantly decreased gastric acid.After eradication of H.felis with THIO treatment,gastric acidity was restored.Compared to the control mice,somatostatin mRNA abundance was decreased while gastrin gene expression was elevated during infection.Despite elevated gastric acid levels, after eradication of H.felis with THIO,somatostatin mRNA was elevated whereas gastrin mRNA was suppressed.Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of H3 receptors on the parietal cells,somatostatin-secreting D-cells as well as the inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION:This study shows that during H.felis infection,gastric acidity is suppressed as a consequence of an inhibitory effect on the parietal cell by H3R activation.The stimulation of gastric mucosal H3Rs increases gastrin expression and release by inhibiting release of somatostatin.展开更多
Objective:To explore the exact role of histamine receptors in respiratory system.Methods: The cohort comprised of six groups(group I control and groupⅡ—Ⅳtreated) containing five rabbits in each group.Control-group ...Objective:To explore the exact role of histamine receptors in respiratory system.Methods: The cohort comprised of six groups(group I control and groupⅡ—Ⅳtreated) containing five rabbits in each group.Control-group received vehicle(sterile distilled water) and treated groups received subcutaneous histamine(100μg/kg,b.i.d.),and H1R-agonist(HTMT),H2R-agonist (amthamine),H3R-agonist(R-(-)-α-methylhistamine) and H4R-agonist(clobenpropit) each in a dose of 10μg/kg,b.i.d.for 30 subsequent days.After completion of treatment,animals were euthanized and perfused with 10% buffered formalin.Small tissue blocks of trachea and lungs were processed for paraffin embedding.Observations were recorded in sample photomicrographs taken from 10μm thick.Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections.Results:It was observed that trachea and bronchi from histamine,H1R and H4R groups had only patches of hyperplastic and hypertrophied epithelium and in general,cells in the affected region were taller heaped up. The bronchiolar epithelia from all treated groups showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia throughout with most of the cells having rounded profile and appeared to bud out from the basal cells. Conclusions:It is concluded that histamine receptors on induction via its specific agonist can induce hypertrophy,hyperplasia of respiratory tract epithelia suggesting its role akin to growth stimulating factor and warranting further long-term study.展开更多
AIM To examine whether nizatidine stimulatesduodenal HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion in rats by inhibitingAChE activity.METHODS Under pentobarbital anesthesia,aproximal duodenal loop was ...AIM To examine whether nizatidine stimulatesduodenal HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion in rats by inhibitingAChE activity.METHODS Under pentobarbital anesthesia,aproximal duodenal loop was perfused withsaline,and the HCO<sub>3</sub> secretion was measuredat pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by adding10mM HCI.Nizatidine,neostigmine,carbacholor famotidine was administered i.v.as a singleinjection.RESULTS Intravenous administration ofnizatidine（3-30 mg/kg）dose-dependentlyincreased duodenal HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion,and theeffect at 10mg/kg was equivalent to thatobtained by carbachol at 0.01 mg/kg.Thisnizatidine action was observed at the same doserange that inhibited acid secretion and enhancedgastric motility,mimicked by i.v.injection ofneostigmine（0.03 mg/kg）,and significantlyattenuated by bilateral vagotomy and prior s.c.administration of atropine but not byindomethacin,a cyclooxygenase inhibitor,orN<sup>G</sup>-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,a NO synthaseinhibitor.The HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretory response toacetylcholine（0.001 mg/kg）was significantlypotentiated by the concurrent administration ofnizatidine（3mg/kg,i.v.）.The IC<sub>50</sub>of nizatidine for AChE of rat erythrocytes was1.4×10<sup>-6</sup>M,about 12 times higher than that ofneostigmine.Neither famotidine(】10<sup>-3</sup>M,30mg/kg,i.v.)nor cisapride(】 10<sup>-3</sup>M,3mg/kg,i.v.)had any influence on AChEactivity or duodenal HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion.Duodenaldamage induced by acid perfusion（100 mM HCIfor 4 h）in the presence of indomethacin wassignificantly prevented by nizatidine andneostigmine,at the doses that increased theHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion.CONCLUSION Nizatidine stimulates duodenalHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion,in both vagal-dependent andatropine-sensitive manners,and the action isassociated with the anti-AChE activity of thisagent.展开更多
Histamine—the main product of mast cells plays critical role in the pathogenetic pathways of both allergic rhinitis and asthma. The novel concept of the unique airway diseases its only supported by the similarities w...Histamine—the main product of mast cells plays critical role in the pathogenetic pathways of both allergic rhinitis and asthma. The novel concept of the unique airway diseases its only supported by the similarities within pathogenetic process. Antagonists of H1 and H2 receptors are quite effective in allergic rhinitis, but not effective enough in asthma. In an era of corticosteroids, leucotriene antagonists and Anti-IgE treatment, there is still a challenge to search for more effective, more acurate and more safe treatment option. Antagonists (inversive agonists) of histamine receptors H4 seems to be one of the promising targets in the allergic rhinitis and asthma treatment. The first H4 antagonist entered to clinics and the results from a proof-of-concept Phase II clinical study is expected to be disclosed soon. This review article summarizes current knowledge on H4R that have been collected in various studies sharing evidences about efficacy of H4R as a reasonable target for diseases with histamine involved pathogenetic pathways.展开更多
Histamine fish poisoning (HFP) is a major illness occurring throughout the world due to the consumption of quality of deteriorated fish containing pre-formed histamine from bacterial activities. In the study reported ...Histamine fish poisoning (HFP) is a major illness occurring throughout the world due to the consumption of quality of deteriorated fish containing pre-formed histamine from bacterial activities. In the study reported here, the histamine-producing bacteria were isolated from the muscle, gills and the gut of 19 samples of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from Mumbai, India. The isolates from modified Niven’s medium (MNM) were confirmed for their ability to produce histamine by using 4 different pH-indicator media, followed by HPLC analyses. Out of 202 isolates, 63 isolates produced considerable amounts of histamine on at least 3 out of 4 media used in this study. The histamine formers were identified by biochemical tests followed by sequencing of their 16SrDNA gene, which showed that 89% of the isolates belonged to 13 different genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The non-enterobacterial histamine-producing bacteria belonged to the genera Staphylococcus, Alkaligenes, Shewanella and Psychrobacter.展开更多
Objective:To delineate immunomodulatory role of histamine on antibody generation pr of ile in rabbit in the present dose-dependent histamine study.Methods:The cohort comprised of three groups(Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ),containing si...Objective:To delineate immunomodulatory role of histamine on antibody generation pr of ile in rabbit in the present dose-dependent histamine study.Methods:The cohort comprised of three groups(Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ),containing six rabbits each,and received subcutaneous histamine 50μg/kg×bis in die(b.i.d.),100μg/kg×b.i.d.and 200μg/kg X b.i.d.,respectively for 10 days (starting from the 1st day).They were subsequently immunized on the 3rd day with intravenous injection of sheep blood cell(SRBC)(1×10 cells/mL).GroupⅡ(positive control)(n=6) received vehicle(sterile distilled water) and immunized at day 3 similarly while groupⅠ(negative control) (n=6) remained non-immunized and received only vehicle.All experimentations were performed in triplicate.Blood samples were collected on pre-immunization(pre-I)(day 0),as well as on days 7-,14-,21-,28- and 58- post-immunization(post-I).Immunological parameters[total immunoglobulins(Igs),IgM and IgG]were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.Results:Histamine could influence a detectable antibody response to SRBC as early as day 7-post-I,which lasted until day 58- post-I.The results were found statistically significant(P【 0.05).Conclusions:Our results provide evidence that histamine has a short-term effect on antibody generation(until its presence in the body),and the antibody generation titer in vivo were affected by the concentration of histamine.展开更多
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of corticosteroids on histamine release and to compare their potency with the MacKenzie classification based on their vasoconstrictor effects. Thanks to ex Vivo cut...The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of corticosteroids on histamine release and to compare their potency with the MacKenzie classification based on their vasoconstrictor effects. Thanks to ex Vivo cutaneous microdialysis, we studied histamine-induced release over a period of time on excised abdominal skin from women. Eight corticosteroids were topically applied with occlusive dressing onto the skin, above probes, before anti-IgE injection. Histamine levels were assessed by an EIA method. In order to compare the different corticosteroids, AUC was calculated allowing an estimation of the amount of released histamine for 60 min of ex vivo cutaneous microdialysis. Diflucortolone 0.1% and micronized betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% are considered as corticosteroids with high potency in MacKenzie classification. Betamethasone dipropionate associated with propylene glycol 0.05%, belongs to a stronger class in Mackenzie classification. Our results showed that the decrease in histamine release was more important with difluocortolone than with both of these corticosteroids. Therefore there was no correlation between the vasoconstrictor potency of topical corticosteroids and their ability to inhibit histamine release.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the activity of the active principle in the spines of the seed pods of Mucuna pruriens using contraction of guinea pig ileum as index of pharmacological activity. Methods:The active principle ...Objective:To investigate the activity of the active principle in the spines of the seed pods of Mucuna pruriens using contraction of guinea pig ileum as index of pharmacological activity. Methods:The active principle was extracted with 0.0015 M NaCl.Muscle strips of guinea pig ileum were prepared and contractile responses were measured using a Kymograph.Two sets of experiment were conducted:（1）.The contraction of the ileum in presence of different concentrations of histamine,2-methylhistamine and the extract of Mucuna pruriens.（2）.The contractile response of the ileum in presence of different concentrations of the extract and antagonists including diphenhydramine,atropine and methysergide.Results:（1） The extract of Mucuna pruriens hair, 2- methylhistamine and histamine produced dose dependent contraction of guinea pig ileum (Extract ED<sub>50</sub> = 13.0μg/mL,2-methylhistamine ED<sub>50</sub>=8.5μg/mL and histamine ED<sub>50</sub>=10.0μg/ mL).（2） Diphenhydramine,an H,antagonist competitively blocked the contractile response of the Mucuna pruriens extract（3） Coadminstration of the Mucuna pruriens extract either with different doses of antimuscarinic agent atropine or 5-hydroxytryptamine blocking agent methysergide did not alter the extract induced contractile response of the guinea pig ileum.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that the spines of Mucuna pruriens possess histamine activity which may contribute to its itching and painful irritation effects.展开更多
Objective:To delineate the comparative immunomodulatory roles of H1R-H4R in antibody generation profile in rabbit model.Methods:The cohort comprised of eight groups containing 18(9 male and 9 female) rabbits in each g...Objective:To delineate the comparative immunomodulatory roles of H1R-H4R in antibody generation profile in rabbit model.Methods:The cohort comprised of eight groups containing 18(9 male and 9 female) rabbits in each group.GroupⅠremained non-immunized and received only vehicle(sterile distilled water,1 mL/kg×b.i.d.) intramuscularly.GroupⅡreceived vehicle (1 mL/kg×b.i.d.) while GroupsⅢ-Ⅶ(drugs-treated) received subcutaneous histamine (100μg/kg×b.i.d.),and intramuscular H1R-antagonist(pheniramine,10 mg/kg×b.i.d.), H2R-antagonist(ranitidine,10 mg/kg×b.i.d.),H3R-antagonist(iodophenpropit,1μg/kg×b.i.d.) and H4R-antagonist(JNJ 7777120,10μg/kg×b.i.d.),and GroupⅧDMSO(1 mL/kg×b.i.d.),respectively for 10 days(starting from day 1).They were subsequendy immunized with intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells(SRBC) at day 3.The estimation of serum Igs,IgM and IgG were done by ELISA,and observed at day 0(pre-immunization),and 7,14,21,28 and 58(post-immunization).Results:It was shown that histamine and HRs-antagonists could influence a detectable antibody response to SRBC as early as day 7-post-immunization(post-Ⅰ), which lasted until day 58 post-Ⅰ.The results were found statistically significant(P【0.05,). Conclusions:This study suggests that histamine receptors play important roles in modulation of antibody generation in which H1R,H2R and H4R have immunosuppressive roles and conversely, H3R playes an immune enhancing role.The findings of this study may have clinical significance and provide the baseline information for future study.展开更多
The model of fulminant hepatic failure induced by acetaminophen was established in dogs to observe the changes of hepatic hemodynamics and plasma histamine levels in portal vein (PV), hepatic vein (HV), abdominal aort...The model of fulminant hepatic failure induced by acetaminophen was established in dogs to observe the changes of hepatic hemodynamics and plasma histamine levels in portal vein (PV), hepatic vein (HV), abdominal aorta (AA) and inferior vena cava (ICV). The results showed that the portal vein resistance (PVR) was elevated and portal venous blood flow (PVF) was decreasedl hepatic artery resistance (HAR) was decreased and the hepatic artery blood flow (HAF),portal venous pressure (PVP), wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP) and inferior vena cava pressure (ICVP) had no changes. The histamine of the PV, HV,ICV and AA were all elevated after formation of fulminant hepatie failure. And the increasing wave Of the HV was the highest. The increased histamine in HV may be mediated by H, receptor.causing the contraction of hepatic venulae, result ing liver sinusoid congestion, increasing PVR and decreasing PVF which exacerbate the liver cell damage. Moreover, the more selvere liver damage, the more histamine was released, and a vicious circle may ensue. Our results also suggest the possibility of using,H1 receptor antagonist to treat the disturbance of liver hemodynamfics in severe acute liver damage. The increased histamine in systematic circulation as a vasodilator may lower blood pressure and accelerate heart beats.The increase of plasma histamine may play an important role in the changes of hepatic and systemic hemodynamics in fulminant hepatic failure.展开更多
Objective To investigate the interaction between fragile histamine triad (FHIT) and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Methods FHIT and PKCα double positive samples were scree...Objective To investigate the interaction between fragile histamine triad (FHIT) and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Methods FHIT and PKCα double positive samples were screened by immunohistochemical staining from 13 human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed by using anti-FHIT and anti-PKCα. The immune precipitate was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results Immune precipitate staining detection showed that 3 samples out of the 13 cases were double positive for FHIT and PKCα. FHIT protein was present in the immune precipitate of anti-PKCα while there was PKCα in the immune precipitate of anti-FHITmAb. Conclusion FHIT and PKCα exist as a complex in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues, which will provide a new route for studying the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of human non-small cell lung cancer.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Genetic variation in histamine H2 receptor(H2R)and H2R ligands are linked to schizophrenia,however little is known about how H2R contributes to pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Here,we detected a decreased expr...OBJECTIVE Genetic variation in histamine H2 receptor(H2R)and H2R ligands are linked to schizophrenia,however little is known about how H2R contributes to pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Here,we detected a decreased expression of H2R in medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)glutamatergic neurons in schizophrenia patients.METHODS AND RESULTS Selective knockout of H2R gene(Hrh2)in glutamatergic neurons induced schizophrenia-like behaviors including sensorimotor gating deficit,increased locomotor activity,social withdrawal and anhedo⁃nia in behavior tests,as well as reduced sponta⁃neous firing of mPFC glutamatergic neurons in electrophysiological tests.Selective deletion of the Hrh2 in mPFC glutamatergic neurons but not hippocampus glutamatergic neurons also induced such schizophrenia-like behaviors.Patch-clamp electrophysiology establishes that H2R deficiency reduced the intrinsic excitability of glutamatergic neurons by up-regulation of hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels.Fur⁃thermore,either overexpression of H2R in gluta⁃matergic neurons or activation of H2R in the mPFC reversed the MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms.CONCLUSION H2R can serve as a novel drug target given that functional deficiency of this receptor in mPFC glutamatergic neurons may be crucial for the pathogenesis of schizo⁃phrenia.H2R agonists can be viewed as drug candidates for the treatment of schizophrenia.展开更多
Histamine has long been known to be involved in inflammatory events.The discovery of antihistamines dates back to the first half of the 20th century when a Swiss-Italian pharmacologist,Daniel Bovet began his work.In 1...Histamine has long been known to be involved in inflammatory events.The discovery of antihistamines dates back to the first half of the 20th century when a Swiss-Italian pharmacologist,Daniel Bovet began his work.In 1957 he was awarded a Nobel Prize for his production of antihistamines for allergy relief.Since that time,histamine has been found to play a role in other events besides allergic reaction.Possiblyun believable to Bovet and his peers,histamine has now been marked as playing a role in liver pathologies including hepatobiliary diseases.展开更多
The formation of histamine in fermented tuna (Thunnus albacares) viscera (dayok) at different salt concentrations (10%, 17.5% and 25%) for 7 days at ambient temperature was investigated. Effect on chemical and microbi...The formation of histamine in fermented tuna (Thunnus albacares) viscera (dayok) at different salt concentrations (10%, 17.5% and 25%) for 7 days at ambient temperature was investigated. Effect on chemical and microbiological changes on tuna viscera were monitored. Results demonstrated that the levels of pH, lactic acid, amino nitrogen and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) increased as time of dayok fermentation progressed. The total plate count and lactic acid bacteria count decreased with increasing salt concentration. Histamine levels decreased during fermentation as salt concentration increased. Histamine levels above FDA standard limit of 50 ppm are formed at low salt concentration (10%) with a total plate count of 107 cfu/g. Results revealed that application of salt concentration greater than 17% can minimize the formation of histamine.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972149)funding support from the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnologythe Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies。
文摘Herein,a novel interference-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)strategy based on magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)and aptamer-driven assemblies was proposed for the ultrasensitive detection of histamine.A core-satellite SERS aptasensor was constructed by combining aptamer-decorated Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au MNPs(as the recognize probe for histamine)and complementary DNA-modified silver nanoparticles carrying 4-mercaptobenzonitrile(4-MBN)(Ag@4-MBN@Ag-c-DNA)as the SERS signal probe for the indirect detection of histamine.Under an applied magnetic field in the absence of histamine,the assembly gave an intense Raman signal at“Raman biological-silent”region due to 4-MBN.In the presence of histamine,the Ag@4-MBN@Ag-c-DNA SERS-tag was released from the Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au MNPs,thus decreasing the SERS signal.Under optimal conditions,an ultra-low limit of detection of 0.65×10^(-3)ng/mL and a linear range 10^(-2)-10^5 ng/mL on the SERS aptasensor were obtained.The histamine content in four food samples were analyzed using the SERS aptasensor,with the results consistent with those determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The present work highlights the merits of indirect strategies for the ultrasensitive and highly selective SERS detection of small biological molecules in complex matrices.
文摘BACKGROUND There are many adverse reactions in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)mainly with conventional drugs.Leukotriene receptor antagonists,glucocorticoids and nasal antihistamines can all be used as first-line drugs for AR,but the clinical effects of the three drugs are not clear.AIM To examine the impact of glucocorticoids,antihistamines,and leukotriene receptor antagonists on individuals diagnosed with AR,specifically focusing on their influence on serum inflammatory indexes.METHODS The present retrospective study focused on the clinical data of 80 patients diagnosed and treated for AR at our hospital between May 2019 and May 2021.The participants were categorized into the control group and the observation group.The control group received leukotriene receptor antagonists,while the observation group was administered glucocorticoids and antihistamines.Conducted an observation and comparison of the symptoms,physical sign scores,adverse reactions,and effects on serum inflammatory indexes in two distinct groups of patients,both before and after treatment.RESULTS Subsequent to treatment,the nasal itching score,sneeze score,runny nose score,nasal congestion score,and physical signs score exhibited notable discrepancies(P<0.05),with the observation group demonstrating superior outcomes compared to the control group(P<0.05).The interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1,Leukotriene D4 after treatment were significantly different and the observation group It is better than the control group,which is statistically significant(P<0.05).Following the intervention,the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group,including symptoms such as nasal dryness,discomfort in the throat,bitter taste in the mouth,and minor erosion of the nasal mucosa,was found to be 7.5%.This rate was significantly lower compared to the control group,which reported an incidence of 27.5%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids and antihistamines have obvious therapeutic effects,reduce serum inflammatory index levels,relieve symptoms and signs of patients,and promote patients'recovery,which can provide a reference for clinical treatment of AR.
文摘BACKGROUND: Currently there is very limited data in the literature assessing the prevalence of antihistamine prescription, and there is no local prevalence data about the prescription of antihistamine agents among primary practitioner and emergency physicians. The objectives are 1) to report the prevalence of antihistamine prescription for children less than 6 years old with acute upper respiratory infection and 2) to explore the associated factors for the prescription practice.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. All consecutive cases of paediatric patients aged 6 or below who presented to the emergency department during a study period of one week from April 1 to July 4, 2009 with diagnosis of acute upper respiratory infection were included. Totally 162 patients were included.RESULTS: Among the 162 cases, 141(87%) patients were prescribed one antihistamine of any group. Sixty(37%) patients were prescribed two or more antihistamines. In multivariate logistic regression model, age was found to be signi? cantly(P<0.001) associated with multiple antihistamine prescription(OR=1.042, 95%CI=1.02 to 1.06). Years of graduation of attending physician for more than 5 years was also a strong predictor of multiple antihistamine prescription(OR=4.654, 95%CI=2.20 to 9.84, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: In the local emergency department, patients' age and the years of graduation from medical school of the attending physician were predictors of multiple antihistamine prescription for acute upper respiratory infections for children aged less than 6.
基金Supported by National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government,No.2009-0093193
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of bile acid on the expression of histidine decarboxylase(HDC),which is a major enzyme involved in histamine production,and gene expression of gastric transcription factors upon cooperative activation.METHODS:HDC expression was examined by immunohistochemistry,reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction,and promoter assay in human gastric precancerous tissues,normal stomach tissue,and gastric cancer cell lines.The relationship between gastric precancerous state and HDC expression induced by bile acid was determined.The association between the expression of HDC and various specific transcription factors in gastric cells was also evaluated.MKN45 and AGS human gastric carcinoma cell lines were transfected with farnesoid X receptor(FXR),small heterodimer partner(SHP),and caudal-type homeodomain transcription factor(CDX)1 expression plasmids.The effects of various transcription factors on HDC expression were monitored by luciferase-reporter promoter assay.RESULTS:Histamine production and secretion in the stomach play critical roles in gastric acid secretion and in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases.Here,we show that bile acid increased the expression of HDC,which is a rate-limiting enzyme of the histamine production pathway.FXR was found to be a primary regulatory transcription factor for bile acid-induced HDC expression.In addition,the transcription factors CDX1 and SHP synergistically enhanced bile acid-induced elevation of HDC gene expression.We confirmed similar expression patterns for HDC,CDX1,and SHP in patient tissues.CONCLUSION:HDC production in the stomach is associated with bile acid exposure and its related transcriptional regulation network of FXR,SHP,and CDX1.
文摘Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the analysis of histamine in single rat peritoneal mast cells using an amperometric detector. In this method, individual mast cells and then 0.02 mol/L NaOH as a lysing solution are injected into the front end of the separation capillary. A cell injector was constructed for easy injection of single cells. Histamine in single mast cells has been identified and quantified.
基金Supported in part by Public Health Service Grants R37-DK45729(JLM)Michigan Gastrointestinal Peptide Research Center Pilot Feasibility Grant P30-DK34933(YZ)National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Grant 350234(AS)
文摘AIM:To test the hypothesis that histamine 3 receptor (H3R)activation during Helicobacter infection inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo and in vitro.METHODS:Helicobacter felis(H.felis)infected and uninfected C57Bl/6 mice were infused with either PBS or the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide(THIO)for 12 wk.After treatment,mice were analyzed for morphological changes and gastric acid content.Total RNA was prepared from the stomachs of each group and analyzed for changes in somatostatin and gastrin mRNA abundance by real time-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).Location of H3 receptors in the stomach was analyzed by co-localization using antibodies specific for the H3 receptor and parietal cell marker H + ,K + -ATPase βsubunit. RESULTS:Inflammation and parietal cell atrophy was observed after 12 wk of H.felis infection.Interestingly, treatment with the H3R antagonist thioperamide(THIO) prior to and during infection prevented H.felis-induced inflammation and atrophy.Compared to the uninfected controls,infected mice also had significantly decreased gastric acid.After eradication of H.felis with THIO treatment,gastric acidity was restored.Compared to the control mice,somatostatin mRNA abundance was decreased while gastrin gene expression was elevated during infection.Despite elevated gastric acid levels, after eradication of H.felis with THIO,somatostatin mRNA was elevated whereas gastrin mRNA was suppressed.Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of H3 receptors on the parietal cells,somatostatin-secreting D-cells as well as the inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION:This study shows that during H.felis infection,gastric acidity is suppressed as a consequence of an inhibitory effect on the parietal cell by H3R activation.The stimulation of gastric mucosal H3Rs increases gastrin expression and release by inhibiting release of somatostatin.
基金University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India for providing UGC Fellowship [UGC letter DON F.19-33/2006(CU)]
文摘Objective:To explore the exact role of histamine receptors in respiratory system.Methods: The cohort comprised of six groups(group I control and groupⅡ—Ⅳtreated) containing five rabbits in each group.Control-group received vehicle(sterile distilled water) and treated groups received subcutaneous histamine(100μg/kg,b.i.d.),and H1R-agonist(HTMT),H2R-agonist (amthamine),H3R-agonist(R-(-)-α-methylhistamine) and H4R-agonist(clobenpropit) each in a dose of 10μg/kg,b.i.d.for 30 subsequent days.After completion of treatment,animals were euthanized and perfused with 10% buffered formalin.Small tissue blocks of trachea and lungs were processed for paraffin embedding.Observations were recorded in sample photomicrographs taken from 10μm thick.Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections.Results:It was observed that trachea and bronchi from histamine,H1R and H4R groups had only patches of hyperplastic and hypertrophied epithelium and in general,cells in the affected region were taller heaped up. The bronchiolar epithelia from all treated groups showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia throughout with most of the cells having rounded profile and appeared to bud out from the basal cells. Conclusions:It is concluded that histamine receptors on induction via its specific agonist can induce hypertrophy,hyperplasia of respiratory tract epithelia suggesting its role akin to growth stimulating factor and warranting further long-term study.
文摘AIM To examine whether nizatidine stimulatesduodenal HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion in rats by inhibitingAChE activity.METHODS Under pentobarbital anesthesia,aproximal duodenal loop was perfused withsaline,and the HCO<sub>3</sub> secretion was measuredat pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by adding10mM HCI.Nizatidine,neostigmine,carbacholor famotidine was administered i.v.as a singleinjection.RESULTS Intravenous administration ofnizatidine（3-30 mg/kg）dose-dependentlyincreased duodenal HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion,and theeffect at 10mg/kg was equivalent to thatobtained by carbachol at 0.01 mg/kg.Thisnizatidine action was observed at the same doserange that inhibited acid secretion and enhancedgastric motility,mimicked by i.v.injection ofneostigmine（0.03 mg/kg）,and significantlyattenuated by bilateral vagotomy and prior s.c.administration of atropine but not byindomethacin,a cyclooxygenase inhibitor,orN<sup>G</sup>-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,a NO synthaseinhibitor.The HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretory response toacetylcholine（0.001 mg/kg）was significantlypotentiated by the concurrent administration ofnizatidine（3mg/kg,i.v.）.The IC<sub>50</sub>of nizatidine for AChE of rat erythrocytes was1.4×10<sup>-6</sup>M,about 12 times higher than that ofneostigmine.Neither famotidine(】10<sup>-3</sup>M,30mg/kg,i.v.)nor cisapride(】 10<sup>-3</sup>M,3mg/kg,i.v.)had any influence on AChEactivity or duodenal HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion.Duodenaldamage induced by acid perfusion（100 mM HCIfor 4 h）in the presence of indomethacin wassignificantly prevented by nizatidine andneostigmine,at the doses that increased theHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion.CONCLUSION Nizatidine stimulates duodenalHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> secretion,in both vagal-dependent andatropine-sensitive manners,and the action isassociated with the anti-AChE activity of thisagent.
文摘Histamine—the main product of mast cells plays critical role in the pathogenetic pathways of both allergic rhinitis and asthma. The novel concept of the unique airway diseases its only supported by the similarities within pathogenetic process. Antagonists of H1 and H2 receptors are quite effective in allergic rhinitis, but not effective enough in asthma. In an era of corticosteroids, leucotriene antagonists and Anti-IgE treatment, there is still a challenge to search for more effective, more acurate and more safe treatment option. Antagonists (inversive agonists) of histamine receptors H4 seems to be one of the promising targets in the allergic rhinitis and asthma treatment. The first H4 antagonist entered to clinics and the results from a proof-of-concept Phase II clinical study is expected to be disclosed soon. This review article summarizes current knowledge on H4R that have been collected in various studies sharing evidences about efficacy of H4R as a reasonable target for diseases with histamine involved pathogenetic pathways.
文摘Histamine fish poisoning (HFP) is a major illness occurring throughout the world due to the consumption of quality of deteriorated fish containing pre-formed histamine from bacterial activities. In the study reported here, the histamine-producing bacteria were isolated from the muscle, gills and the gut of 19 samples of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from Mumbai, India. The isolates from modified Niven’s medium (MNM) were confirmed for their ability to produce histamine by using 4 different pH-indicator media, followed by HPLC analyses. Out of 202 isolates, 63 isolates produced considerable amounts of histamine on at least 3 out of 4 media used in this study. The histamine formers were identified by biochemical tests followed by sequencing of their 16SrDNA gene, which showed that 89% of the isolates belonged to 13 different genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The non-enterobacterial histamine-producing bacteria belonged to the genera Staphylococcus, Alkaligenes, Shewanella and Psychrobacter.
基金University Grants Commission, New Delhi,India for providing UGC Fellowship[UGC letter DON F.19-33/2006(CU)]M.Shahid is grateful to Department of Science & Technology,Ministry of Science & Technology,Government of India for awarding"Young Scientist Project Award"(FT/SR-L-111/2006)
文摘Objective:To delineate immunomodulatory role of histamine on antibody generation pr of ile in rabbit in the present dose-dependent histamine study.Methods:The cohort comprised of three groups(Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ),containing six rabbits each,and received subcutaneous histamine 50μg/kg×bis in die(b.i.d.),100μg/kg×b.i.d.and 200μg/kg X b.i.d.,respectively for 10 days (starting from the 1st day).They were subsequently immunized on the 3rd day with intravenous injection of sheep blood cell(SRBC)(1×10 cells/mL).GroupⅡ(positive control)(n=6) received vehicle(sterile distilled water) and immunized at day 3 similarly while groupⅠ(negative control) (n=6) remained non-immunized and received only vehicle.All experimentations were performed in triplicate.Blood samples were collected on pre-immunization(pre-I)(day 0),as well as on days 7-,14-,21-,28- and 58- post-immunization(post-I).Immunological parameters[total immunoglobulins(Igs),IgM and IgG]were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.Results:Histamine could influence a detectable antibody response to SRBC as early as day 7-post-I,which lasted until day 58- post-I.The results were found statistically significant(P【 0.05).Conclusions:Our results provide evidence that histamine has a short-term effect on antibody generation(until its presence in the body),and the antibody generation titer in vivo were affected by the concentration of histamine.
文摘The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of corticosteroids on histamine release and to compare their potency with the MacKenzie classification based on their vasoconstrictor effects. Thanks to ex Vivo cutaneous microdialysis, we studied histamine-induced release over a period of time on excised abdominal skin from women. Eight corticosteroids were topically applied with occlusive dressing onto the skin, above probes, before anti-IgE injection. Histamine levels were assessed by an EIA method. In order to compare the different corticosteroids, AUC was calculated allowing an estimation of the amount of released histamine for 60 min of ex vivo cutaneous microdialysis. Diflucortolone 0.1% and micronized betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% are considered as corticosteroids with high potency in MacKenzie classification. Betamethasone dipropionate associated with propylene glycol 0.05%, belongs to a stronger class in Mackenzie classification. Our results showed that the decrease in histamine release was more important with difluocortolone than with both of these corticosteroids. Therefore there was no correlation between the vasoconstrictor potency of topical corticosteroids and their ability to inhibit histamine release.
文摘Objective:To investigate the activity of the active principle in the spines of the seed pods of Mucuna pruriens using contraction of guinea pig ileum as index of pharmacological activity. Methods:The active principle was extracted with 0.0015 M NaCl.Muscle strips of guinea pig ileum were prepared and contractile responses were measured using a Kymograph.Two sets of experiment were conducted:（1）.The contraction of the ileum in presence of different concentrations of histamine,2-methylhistamine and the extract of Mucuna pruriens.（2）.The contractile response of the ileum in presence of different concentrations of the extract and antagonists including diphenhydramine,atropine and methysergide.Results:（1） The extract of Mucuna pruriens hair, 2- methylhistamine and histamine produced dose dependent contraction of guinea pig ileum (Extract ED<sub>50</sub> = 13.0μg/mL,2-methylhistamine ED<sub>50</sub>=8.5μg/mL and histamine ED<sub>50</sub>=10.0μg/ mL).（2） Diphenhydramine,an H,antagonist competitively blocked the contractile response of the Mucuna pruriens extract（3） Coadminstration of the Mucuna pruriens extract either with different doses of antimuscarinic agent atropine or 5-hydroxytryptamine blocking agent methysergide did not alter the extract induced contractile response of the guinea pig ileum.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that the spines of Mucuna pruriens possess histamine activity which may contribute to its itching and painful irritation effects.
基金University Grants Commission, New Delhi,India for providing UGC Fellowship[UGC letter DON F.19-33/2006(CU)]Department of Science & Technology,Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India for awarding "Young Scientist Project Award"(FT/SR-L-111/2006)
文摘Objective:To delineate the comparative immunomodulatory roles of H1R-H4R in antibody generation profile in rabbit model.Methods:The cohort comprised of eight groups containing 18(9 male and 9 female) rabbits in each group.GroupⅠremained non-immunized and received only vehicle(sterile distilled water,1 mL/kg×b.i.d.) intramuscularly.GroupⅡreceived vehicle (1 mL/kg×b.i.d.) while GroupsⅢ-Ⅶ(drugs-treated) received subcutaneous histamine (100μg/kg×b.i.d.),and intramuscular H1R-antagonist(pheniramine,10 mg/kg×b.i.d.), H2R-antagonist(ranitidine,10 mg/kg×b.i.d.),H3R-antagonist(iodophenpropit,1μg/kg×b.i.d.) and H4R-antagonist(JNJ 7777120,10μg/kg×b.i.d.),and GroupⅧDMSO(1 mL/kg×b.i.d.),respectively for 10 days(starting from day 1).They were subsequendy immunized with intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells(SRBC) at day 3.The estimation of serum Igs,IgM and IgG were done by ELISA,and observed at day 0(pre-immunization),and 7,14,21,28 and 58(post-immunization).Results:It was shown that histamine and HRs-antagonists could influence a detectable antibody response to SRBC as early as day 7-post-immunization(post-Ⅰ), which lasted until day 58 post-Ⅰ.The results were found statistically significant(P【0.05,). Conclusions:This study suggests that histamine receptors play important roles in modulation of antibody generation in which H1R,H2R and H4R have immunosuppressive roles and conversely, H3R playes an immune enhancing role.The findings of this study may have clinical significance and provide the baseline information for future study.
文摘The model of fulminant hepatic failure induced by acetaminophen was established in dogs to observe the changes of hepatic hemodynamics and plasma histamine levels in portal vein (PV), hepatic vein (HV), abdominal aorta (AA) and inferior vena cava (ICV). The results showed that the portal vein resistance (PVR) was elevated and portal venous blood flow (PVF) was decreasedl hepatic artery resistance (HAR) was decreased and the hepatic artery blood flow (HAF),portal venous pressure (PVP), wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP) and inferior vena cava pressure (ICVP) had no changes. The histamine of the PV, HV,ICV and AA were all elevated after formation of fulminant hepatie failure. And the increasing wave Of the HV was the highest. The increased histamine in HV may be mediated by H, receptor.causing the contraction of hepatic venulae, result ing liver sinusoid congestion, increasing PVR and decreasing PVF which exacerbate the liver cell damage. Moreover, the more selvere liver damage, the more histamine was released, and a vicious circle may ensue. Our results also suggest the possibility of using,H1 receptor antagonist to treat the disturbance of liver hemodynamfics in severe acute liver damage. The increased histamine in systematic circulation as a vasodilator may lower blood pressure and accelerate heart beats.The increase of plasma histamine may play an important role in the changes of hepatic and systemic hemodynamics in fulminant hepatic failure.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Development Research Project of Shaanxi Province (No.2005k09-G1)
文摘Objective To investigate the interaction between fragile histamine triad (FHIT) and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Methods FHIT and PKCα double positive samples were screened by immunohistochemical staining from 13 human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed by using anti-FHIT and anti-PKCα. The immune precipitate was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results Immune precipitate staining detection showed that 3 samples out of the 13 cases were double positive for FHIT and PKCα. FHIT protein was present in the immune precipitate of anti-PKCα while there was PKCα in the immune precipitate of anti-FHITmAb. Conclusion FHIT and PKCα exist as a complex in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues, which will provide a new route for studying the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of human non-small cell lung cancer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973302)。
文摘OBJECTIVE Genetic variation in histamine H2 receptor(H2R)and H2R ligands are linked to schizophrenia,however little is known about how H2R contributes to pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Here,we detected a decreased expression of H2R in medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)glutamatergic neurons in schizophrenia patients.METHODS AND RESULTS Selective knockout of H2R gene(Hrh2)in glutamatergic neurons induced schizophrenia-like behaviors including sensorimotor gating deficit,increased locomotor activity,social withdrawal and anhedo⁃nia in behavior tests,as well as reduced sponta⁃neous firing of mPFC glutamatergic neurons in electrophysiological tests.Selective deletion of the Hrh2 in mPFC glutamatergic neurons but not hippocampus glutamatergic neurons also induced such schizophrenia-like behaviors.Patch-clamp electrophysiology establishes that H2R deficiency reduced the intrinsic excitability of glutamatergic neurons by up-regulation of hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels.Fur⁃thermore,either overexpression of H2R in gluta⁃matergic neurons or activation of H2R in the mPFC reversed the MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms.CONCLUSION H2R can serve as a novel drug target given that functional deficiency of this receptor in mPFC glutamatergic neurons may be crucial for the pathogenesis of schizo⁃phrenia.H2R agonists can be viewed as drug candidates for the treatment of schizophrenia.
基金Supported partly by Dr.Nicholas C Hightower Centennial Chair of Gastroenterology from Scott and White,the VA Research Scholar Award,a VA Merit Award,the NIH Grants DK58411,and DK76898 to Dr.AlpiniUniversity funds to Dr.OnoriPRIN 2007 and Federate Athenaeum Funds from University of Rome "La Sapienza" to Professor Gaudio
文摘Histamine has long been known to be involved in inflammatory events.The discovery of antihistamines dates back to the first half of the 20th century when a Swiss-Italian pharmacologist,Daniel Bovet began his work.In 1957 he was awarded a Nobel Prize for his production of antihistamines for allergy relief.Since that time,histamine has been found to play a role in other events besides allergic reaction.Possiblyun believable to Bovet and his peers,histamine has now been marked as playing a role in liver pathologies including hepatobiliary diseases.
文摘The formation of histamine in fermented tuna (Thunnus albacares) viscera (dayok) at different salt concentrations (10%, 17.5% and 25%) for 7 days at ambient temperature was investigated. Effect on chemical and microbiological changes on tuna viscera were monitored. Results demonstrated that the levels of pH, lactic acid, amino nitrogen and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) increased as time of dayok fermentation progressed. The total plate count and lactic acid bacteria count decreased with increasing salt concentration. Histamine levels decreased during fermentation as salt concentration increased. Histamine levels above FDA standard limit of 50 ppm are formed at low salt concentration (10%) with a total plate count of 107 cfu/g. Results revealed that application of salt concentration greater than 17% can minimize the formation of histamine.
