Based on the analysis of core,logging,and testing data,the fourth member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation(K_(2)q^(4))in the Sanzhao depression,Songliao Basin,is investigated in order to understand the sedimentary c...Based on the analysis of core,logging,and testing data,the fourth member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation(K_(2)q^(4))in the Sanzhao depression,Songliao Basin,is investigated in order to understand the sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration significance of a retrograding shallow-water delta.The results show that during the sedimentary period of K_(2)q^(4),the Sanzhao depression with a gentle basement experienced stable tectonic subsidence and suffered a long-term lake level rise caused by paleoclimate changes(from semiarid to semihumid),the K_(2)q^(4)in the study area were dominated by a fining-upward deltaic succession and had relatively stable thickness.From the bottom to the top,the color of mudstone gradually changes from purplish-red to gray and grayish-green,the contents of caliche nodules decrease gradually,while the presence of pyrite in sediments becomes frequent.Channel sandstones mainly composed of siltstone and fine sandstone with developed high-energy sedimentary structures constitute the main sand bodies of deltaic deposits,but the scale of channel sandstones decrease upward.Despite the long-term lake level rise and fining-upward sedimentary succession,purplish-red mudstone,caliche nodules and thin channel sandstones are still broadly distributed in the study area,and thin channel sandstones can be found at the top of K_(2)q^(4)covered by the black oil shale of Qingshankou Formation.These assertations suggest that the study area was dominated by retrograding shallow-water delta deposits during the sedimentary period of K_(2)q^(4).In comparison with modern Poyang Lake,we infer that during the sedimentary period of K_(2)q^(4),the study area experienced frequent lake level fluctuations triggered by paleoclimate changes despite the long-term lake level rise,and the lake level fluctuations control the deposition of retrograding shallow-water delta.In addition,most of the thin channel sandstones distributed at the top of K_(2)q^(4)and covered by black oil shale are generally immersed in oil,indicating that the thin channel sandstones formed at the top of a retrograding shallow-water delta sedimentary succession are favorable targets for lithological reservoir exploration.展开更多
Some unusual events happened in petroleum industry in 2020,such as the negative WTI oil price,price soaring of melt-blown nonwoven fabric,Exxon Mobil Corp.(NYSE:XOM)removed from Dow Jones Industrial Average,and the oi...Some unusual events happened in petroleum industry in 2020,such as the negative WTI oil price,price soaring of melt-blown nonwoven fabric,Exxon Mobil Corp.(NYSE:XOM)removed from Dow Jones Industrial Average,and the oil demand peak theory proposed by BP Energy Outlook 2020 Edition.These events have made profound impact on petroleum exploration.Prospecting is at the forefront of petroleum industry chain,and prospectors have great influence on petroleum industry.The responsibility of petroleum prospectors is to find oil,which calls for the correct way of thinking as well as scientific and technical means,both of which are indispensable.When it comes to the cognition of petroleum exploration,we should draw lessons from predecessors’philosophy of finding oil from a development perspective.It is necessary to define the relationship between subject activity and objective structure,as there is an inherent tension between the two and a dialectical relationship that complements each other.It is also essential to illustrate the logic of initiative and decisiveness,as between the two is the dual logic of active logic that changes the world and deterministic logic based on science and technology.The strategic breakthrough in the Gulong shale oil exploration in Daqing is a typical example.Our knowledge and practice of oil exploration has overthrown the Hubbert Curve.The new curve may have more than one peak,which means hopes are always there for finding oil.Climbing to the top of a mountain must start from the foot.A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.Looking forward to the future,prospectors have the wisdom,ability,and methods to find more,cleaner,and more affordable oil to drive the progress of human civilization.This is the duty of petroleum prospectors.展开更多
Two deltas developed simultaneously during the Eocene on the eastern side of a large lake that existed in the Dongying Sub-basin,which forms part of the Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China.The rivers that built the delta...Two deltas developed simultaneously during the Eocene on the eastern side of a large lake that existed in the Dongying Sub-basin,which forms part of the Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China.The rivers that built the deltas had different catchment areas,which resulted in sediments with different permeability and porosity,due to differences in sorting and mud content.Both deltas prograded,and mass flows that originated frequently on their fronts formed lobes that expanded laterally.This eventually led to merging of both deltas,a feature that has rarely been described from ancient deposits thus far.Core analysis and seismic reflection data show that the merging of the two deltas took place in nine phases,determined by phases of slower progradation or even temporary retrogradation in between.The alternation of sediments from both deltas and their eventual mixing makes the architecture of the merged deltas much more complex than that of'classical'single deltas.This affects the predictability of the spatial distribution of possible reservoir characteristics significantly,but detailed core analysis shows that the best hydrocarbon reservoirs consist of sand bodies formed in distributary channels on the delta plains,and of sandy turbidites formed in the deep-lacustrine environment in front of the merged deltas.展开更多
Deepwater area has been one of the hottest areas in the global hydrocarbon exploration.However,deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in China started late and mainly concentrated in the South China Sea(SCS) with low level...Deepwater area has been one of the hottest areas in the global hydrocarbon exploration.However,deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in China started late and mainly concentrated in the South China Sea(SCS) with low level of researches.Although there are some achievements,there are even more challenges.For this reason,this paper reviewed the history of deepwater exploration in China Seas and summarized the current exploration situation.The future directions of deepwater hydrocarbon exploration mainly consist of five aspects:establishing key technology system of complex structure and reservoir seismic acquisition and processing in deepwater areas of SCS,clarifying the development mechanism of high quality source rock and establishing matching assessment technology,studying the formation conditions of favorable reservoir and creating reservoir identification technology,improving accumulation theory of large and medium-sized oil and gas field of deepwater,deepening the researches of petroleum geology conditions of middle and south part of SCS.Simultaneously,the concept of portfolio should be utilized in the exploration process,with economic benefits considered.These understandings will help guiding the future deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in China Seas.展开更多
The successful development of unconventional hydrocarbons has significantly increased global hydrocarbon resources, promoted the growth of global hydrocarbon production and made a great breakthrough in classical oil a...The successful development of unconventional hydrocarbons has significantly increased global hydrocarbon resources, promoted the growth of global hydrocarbon production and made a great breakthrough in classical oil and gas geology. The core mechanism of conventional hydrocarbon accumulation is the preservation of hydrocarbons by trap enrichment and buoyancy, while unconventional hydrocarbons are characterized by continuous accumulation and non-buoyancy accumulation. It is revealed that the key of formation mechanism of the unconventional reservoirs is the self-sealing of hydrocarbons driven by intermolecular forces. Based on the behavior of intermolecular forces and the corresponding self-sealing, the formation mechanisms of unconventional oil and gas can be classified into three categories:(1) thick oil and bitumen, which are dominated by large molecular viscous force and condensation force;(2) tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas and coal-bed methane, which are dominated by capillary forces and molecular adsorption;and(3) gas hydrate, which is dominated by intermolecular clathration. This study discusses in detail the characteristics, boundary conditions and geological examples of self-sealing of the five types of unconventional resources, and the basic principles and mathematical characterization of intermolecular forces. This research will deepen the understanding of formation mechanisms of unconventional hydrocarbons, improve the ability to predict and evaluate unconventional oil and gas resources, and promote the development and production techniques and potential production capacity of unconventional oil and gas.展开更多
Core samples from the deeply buried Ordovician Majiagou Formation below the Huainan Coalfield(E China) have been investigated for their carbonate types,major and trace elements(including rare earth elements) and C and...Core samples from the deeply buried Ordovician Majiagou Formation below the Huainan Coalfield(E China) have been investigated for their carbonate types,major and trace elements(including rare earth elements) and C and O isotopes,The objective was to get a better insight into the possible occurrences of gas(and possibly oil) derived from Carboniferous coals.It was found that the carbonates are dolomites with strongly varying amounts of CaO and MgO.The low concentrations of SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),and Fe_(2)O_(3)indicate deposition in a normal marine environment with little terrigenous input,The Na_(2)O/K_(2)O,Fe/Mn and Sr/Ba ratios,as well as the Ga values indicate mainly a marine salinity and a hot and humid climate.The slight depletion of Ce and Eu,the depletion of heavy rare earth elements(HREE) and the enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREE) indicate deposition in a reducing environment.It thus appears that the Majiagou Formation below the Huainan Coalfield closely resembles that in the eastern part of the Ordos Basin,where several gas reservoirs are present,so that the Majiagou Formation under the Huainan Coalfield represents a promising target for hydrocarbon exploration.展开更多
The East China Sea Shelf Basin generated a series of back-arc basins with thick successions of marine-and terrestrial-facies sediments during Cenozoic.It is enriched with abundant oil and gas resources and is of great...The East China Sea Shelf Basin generated a series of back-arc basins with thick successions of marine-and terrestrial-facies sediments during Cenozoic.It is enriched with abundant oil and gas resources and is of great significance to the petroleum exploration undertakings.Therein,the Lishui Sag formed fan delta,fluvial delta and littoral-to-neritic facies sediments during Paleocene–Eocene,and the research on its sedimentary environment and sediment source was controversial.This study analyzed the paleontological combination characteristics,and conducted a source-to-sink comparative analysis to restore the sedimentary environment and provenance evolution of the Lishui Sag during Paleocene–Eocene based on the integration of detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra patterns with paleontological assemblages.The results indicated that Lishui Sag was dominated by littoral and neritic-facies environment during time corroborated by large abundance of foraminifera,calcareous nannofossils and dinoflagellates.Chronological analysis of detrital zircon U-Pb revealed that there were significant differences in sediment sources between the east and west area of the Lishui Sag.The western area was featured by deeper water depths in the Paleocene–Eocene,and the sediment was characterized by a single Yanshanian peak of zircon U-Pb age spectra,and mainly influenced from Yanshanian magmatic rocks of South China Coast and the surrounding paleo-uplifts.However,its eastern area partly showed Indosinian populations.In particular,the upper Eocene Wenzhou sediments were featured by increasingly plentiful Precambrian zircons in addition to the large Indosinian-Yanshanian peaks,indicating a possible impact from the Yushan Low Uplift to the east.Therefore,it is likely that the eastern Lishui Sag generated large river systems as well as deltas during time.Due to the Yuquan Movement,the Lishui Sag experienced uplifting and exhumation in the late stage of the late Eocene and was not deposited with sediments until Miocene.Featured by transitional-facies depositions of Paleocene–Eocene,the Lishui Sag thus beared significant potential for source rock and oil-gas reservoir accumulation.展开更多
River-dominated deltas are commonly developed at modern bays and lakes and ancient petroliferous basins.Water discharge is an important variable at pay zone scales in river-dominated delta reservoirs,which affects del...River-dominated deltas are commonly developed at modern bays and lakes and ancient petroliferous basins.Water discharge is an important variable at pay zone scales in river-dominated delta reservoirs,which affects deltaic sand distributions and evolutions.However,it's unclear how it influences riverdominated delta growth.This paper integrates Delft3 D simulations and modern analogs to analyze the effects of water discharge,considering growth time,sediment supply,and coupled effects of sediment properties.High water discharges lead to the formation of lobate deltas,and the water discharge of 1,000 m~3/s is a referenced threshold value.Fine-grained,highly-cohesive sediments increase the threshold values of water discharge at which the deltas become lobate from digitate,and vice versa.For the same simulation time,high water discharges favor more rugose shorelines,more distributary channels(especially secondary distributaries),and longer and wider deltas with more land areas.However,for the same sediment supply,high water discharges have few effects on shoreline roughness and the number of distributary channels.展开更多
The hydrocarbon industry is considering a range of digital technologies to improve productivity,efficiency,and safety of their operations while minimizing capital and operating costs,health and environmental risks,and...The hydrocarbon industry is considering a range of digital technologies to improve productivity,efficiency,and safety of their operations while minimizing capital and operating costs,health and environmental risks,and variability in oil and gas project life cycles.Due to the emergence of industry 4.0 the improvement in performance,efficiency,and cost reduction,the hydrocarbon industry is gradually shifting towards solutions that are data-oriented.Understanding such complex systems involves the analysis of data from various sources at the same time.Digital Twin(DT)modelling is the foundation for the next generation of real-time production monitoring and optimization systems.It is a solution that boosts productivity by combining information,simulation,and visualization throughout the entire value chain of an operational firm,from subsurface equipment to central production plants.Oil and gas companies can majorly benefit from Hydrocarbon Exploration with the right use of such advanced technologies.This study focuses on the advancements in technology in the context of DT and how it has been used by the hydrocarbon industry.The study discusses about the emergence of the DT concept,various types,5D representation,and tools for DT.Further,the study tries to implement fields of DT in hydrocarbon industry especially in the domains of exploration,drilling,and production.Challenges associated with DT strategy like accessibility,confidentiality integration,and maintenance are also discussed.展开更多
Oversea hydrocarbon exploration always faces some problems,such as multiple basin types,different exploration prospects,various exploration degrees,diverse data quantities and geological recognitions.This paper focuse...Oversea hydrocarbon exploration always faces some problems,such as multiple basin types,different exploration prospects,various exploration degrees,diverse data quantities and geological recognitions.This paper focuses on overseas basins with different exploration degrees and offers a new evaluation system and research method for fast evaluation and risk analysis on hydrocarbon potential.Based on the theory of probability,this new evaluation system evaluates each parameter and core accumulation factor with comprehensive and quantitative assignment,to accelerate geological evaluation.In addition,this paper suggests that source rock evaluation should be the core criterion in screening evaluation of poorexplored basins,and also proposes that both the exploration potential and geological recognition should drive the evaluation for basins with high exploration degrees.This new system and method,which is an effective system for fast basin evaluation,is suggested to be used in oversea evaluation and decision-making objectively,scientifically and efficiently.展开更多
Based on the outcrop,drilling and seismic data,the sedimentary successions,evolution and hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin in the northern Tarim were firstly analyzed.Due to assembly a...Based on the outcrop,drilling and seismic data,the sedimentary successions,evolution and hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin in the northern Tarim were firstly analyzed.Due to assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent,the Tabei paleocontinent and the Tarim paleocontinent were developed in the Tarim craton with an EW-trending back-arc rift basin between them during Neoproterozoic time;very thick marine clastic rocks,carbonate rocks and volcanic rocks(including tillite)were deposited in the Kuruktag and Aksu area of the northern Tarim,which experienced deep sea,bathyal sea and littoral sea environments with transitional delta and ice-sea.During the Early Cryogenian and the Late Ediacaran,the northern rift basin evolved from the deep sea to the littoralneritic sea,while the lithology changed from clastic rocks to carbonate rocks.According to the field and production data,the formation and preservation of the source rocks and reservoirs indicate a good exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(H.M.Y.,grant number 2016ZX05013006-006)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(L.H.,grant number 2020CFB745)
文摘Based on the analysis of core,logging,and testing data,the fourth member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation(K_(2)q^(4))in the Sanzhao depression,Songliao Basin,is investigated in order to understand the sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration significance of a retrograding shallow-water delta.The results show that during the sedimentary period of K_(2)q^(4),the Sanzhao depression with a gentle basement experienced stable tectonic subsidence and suffered a long-term lake level rise caused by paleoclimate changes(from semiarid to semihumid),the K_(2)q^(4)in the study area were dominated by a fining-upward deltaic succession and had relatively stable thickness.From the bottom to the top,the color of mudstone gradually changes from purplish-red to gray and grayish-green,the contents of caliche nodules decrease gradually,while the presence of pyrite in sediments becomes frequent.Channel sandstones mainly composed of siltstone and fine sandstone with developed high-energy sedimentary structures constitute the main sand bodies of deltaic deposits,but the scale of channel sandstones decrease upward.Despite the long-term lake level rise and fining-upward sedimentary succession,purplish-red mudstone,caliche nodules and thin channel sandstones are still broadly distributed in the study area,and thin channel sandstones can be found at the top of K_(2)q^(4)covered by the black oil shale of Qingshankou Formation.These assertations suggest that the study area was dominated by retrograding shallow-water delta deposits during the sedimentary period of K_(2)q^(4).In comparison with modern Poyang Lake,we infer that during the sedimentary period of K_(2)q^(4),the study area experienced frequent lake level fluctuations triggered by paleoclimate changes despite the long-term lake level rise,and the lake level fluctuations control the deposition of retrograding shallow-water delta.In addition,most of the thin channel sandstones distributed at the top of K_(2)q^(4)and covered by black oil shale are generally immersed in oil,indicating that the thin channel sandstones formed at the top of a retrograding shallow-water delta sedimentary succession are favorable targets for lithological reservoir exploration.
文摘Some unusual events happened in petroleum industry in 2020,such as the negative WTI oil price,price soaring of melt-blown nonwoven fabric,Exxon Mobil Corp.(NYSE:XOM)removed from Dow Jones Industrial Average,and the oil demand peak theory proposed by BP Energy Outlook 2020 Edition.These events have made profound impact on petroleum exploration.Prospecting is at the forefront of petroleum industry chain,and prospectors have great influence on petroleum industry.The responsibility of petroleum prospectors is to find oil,which calls for the correct way of thinking as well as scientific and technical means,both of which are indispensable.When it comes to the cognition of petroleum exploration,we should draw lessons from predecessors’philosophy of finding oil from a development perspective.It is necessary to define the relationship between subject activity and objective structure,as there is an inherent tension between the two and a dialectical relationship that complements each other.It is also essential to illustrate the logic of initiative and decisiveness,as between the two is the dual logic of active logic that changes the world and deterministic logic based on science and technology.The strategic breakthrough in the Gulong shale oil exploration in Daqing is a typical example.Our knowledge and practice of oil exploration has overthrown the Hubbert Curve.The new curve may have more than one peak,which means hopes are always there for finding oil.Climbing to the top of a mountain must start from the foot.A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.Looking forward to the future,prospectors have the wisdom,ability,and methods to find more,cleaner,and more affordable oil to drive the progress of human civilization.This is the duty of petroleum prospectors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 41972146)。
文摘Two deltas developed simultaneously during the Eocene on the eastern side of a large lake that existed in the Dongying Sub-basin,which forms part of the Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China.The rivers that built the deltas had different catchment areas,which resulted in sediments with different permeability and porosity,due to differences in sorting and mud content.Both deltas prograded,and mass flows that originated frequently on their fronts formed lobes that expanded laterally.This eventually led to merging of both deltas,a feature that has rarely been described from ancient deposits thus far.Core analysis and seismic reflection data show that the merging of the two deltas took place in nine phases,determined by phases of slower progradation or even temporary retrogradation in between.The alternation of sediments from both deltas and their eventual mixing makes the architecture of the merged deltas much more complex than that of'classical'single deltas.This affects the predictability of the spatial distribution of possible reservoir characteristics significantly,but detailed core analysis shows that the best hydrocarbon reservoirs consist of sand bodies formed in distributary channels on the delta plains,and of sandy turbidites formed in the deep-lacustrine environment in front of the merged deltas.
文摘Deepwater area has been one of the hottest areas in the global hydrocarbon exploration.However,deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in China started late and mainly concentrated in the South China Sea(SCS) with low level of researches.Although there are some achievements,there are even more challenges.For this reason,this paper reviewed the history of deepwater exploration in China Seas and summarized the current exploration situation.The future directions of deepwater hydrocarbon exploration mainly consist of five aspects:establishing key technology system of complex structure and reservoir seismic acquisition and processing in deepwater areas of SCS,clarifying the development mechanism of high quality source rock and establishing matching assessment technology,studying the formation conditions of favorable reservoir and creating reservoir identification technology,improving accumulation theory of large and medium-sized oil and gas field of deepwater,deepening the researches of petroleum geology conditions of middle and south part of SCS.Simultaneously,the concept of portfolio should be utilized in the exploration process,with economic benefits considered.These understandings will help guiding the future deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in China Seas.
基金Supported by the Gas-bearing Evolution Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Continental Shale Oil and Mobile Oil Evaluation Method(41872148)。
文摘The successful development of unconventional hydrocarbons has significantly increased global hydrocarbon resources, promoted the growth of global hydrocarbon production and made a great breakthrough in classical oil and gas geology. The core mechanism of conventional hydrocarbon accumulation is the preservation of hydrocarbons by trap enrichment and buoyancy, while unconventional hydrocarbons are characterized by continuous accumulation and non-buoyancy accumulation. It is revealed that the key of formation mechanism of the unconventional reservoirs is the self-sealing of hydrocarbons driven by intermolecular forces. Based on the behavior of intermolecular forces and the corresponding self-sealing, the formation mechanisms of unconventional oil and gas can be classified into three categories:(1) thick oil and bitumen, which are dominated by large molecular viscous force and condensation force;(2) tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas and coal-bed methane, which are dominated by capillary forces and molecular adsorption;and(3) gas hydrate, which is dominated by intermolecular clathration. This study discusses in detail the characteristics, boundary conditions and geological examples of self-sealing of the five types of unconventional resources, and the basic principles and mathematical characterization of intermolecular forces. This research will deepen the understanding of formation mechanisms of unconventional hydrocarbons, improve the ability to predict and evaluate unconventional oil and gas resources, and promote the development and production techniques and potential production capacity of unconventional oil and gas.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Plan of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0601405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41772096)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Team Development Plan of Universities in Shandong Province, the Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2019GGX103021)the SDUST Research Fund (Grant No.2018TDJH101)
文摘Core samples from the deeply buried Ordovician Majiagou Formation below the Huainan Coalfield(E China) have been investigated for their carbonate types,major and trace elements(including rare earth elements) and C and O isotopes,The objective was to get a better insight into the possible occurrences of gas(and possibly oil) derived from Carboniferous coals.It was found that the carbonates are dolomites with strongly varying amounts of CaO and MgO.The low concentrations of SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),and Fe_(2)O_(3)indicate deposition in a normal marine environment with little terrigenous input,The Na_(2)O/K_(2)O,Fe/Mn and Sr/Ba ratios,as well as the Ga values indicate mainly a marine salinity and a hot and humid climate.The slight depletion of Ce and Eu,the depletion of heavy rare earth elements(HREE) and the enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREE) indicate deposition in a reducing environment.It thus appears that the Majiagou Formation below the Huainan Coalfield closely resembles that in the eastern part of the Ordos Basin,where several gas reservoirs are present,so that the Majiagou Formation under the Huainan Coalfield represents a promising target for hydrocarbon exploration.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42076066 and 92055203。
文摘The East China Sea Shelf Basin generated a series of back-arc basins with thick successions of marine-and terrestrial-facies sediments during Cenozoic.It is enriched with abundant oil and gas resources and is of great significance to the petroleum exploration undertakings.Therein,the Lishui Sag formed fan delta,fluvial delta and littoral-to-neritic facies sediments during Paleocene–Eocene,and the research on its sedimentary environment and sediment source was controversial.This study analyzed the paleontological combination characteristics,and conducted a source-to-sink comparative analysis to restore the sedimentary environment and provenance evolution of the Lishui Sag during Paleocene–Eocene based on the integration of detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra patterns with paleontological assemblages.The results indicated that Lishui Sag was dominated by littoral and neritic-facies environment during time corroborated by large abundance of foraminifera,calcareous nannofossils and dinoflagellates.Chronological analysis of detrital zircon U-Pb revealed that there were significant differences in sediment sources between the east and west area of the Lishui Sag.The western area was featured by deeper water depths in the Paleocene–Eocene,and the sediment was characterized by a single Yanshanian peak of zircon U-Pb age spectra,and mainly influenced from Yanshanian magmatic rocks of South China Coast and the surrounding paleo-uplifts.However,its eastern area partly showed Indosinian populations.In particular,the upper Eocene Wenzhou sediments were featured by increasingly plentiful Precambrian zircons in addition to the large Indosinian-Yanshanian peaks,indicating a possible impact from the Yushan Low Uplift to the east.Therefore,it is likely that the eastern Lishui Sag generated large river systems as well as deltas during time.Due to the Yuquan Movement,the Lishui Sag experienced uplifting and exhumation in the late stage of the late Eocene and was not deposited with sediments until Miocene.Featured by transitional-facies depositions of Paleocene–Eocene,the Lishui Sag thus beared significant potential for source rock and oil-gas reservoir accumulation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41772101)China Scholarship Council。
文摘River-dominated deltas are commonly developed at modern bays and lakes and ancient petroliferous basins.Water discharge is an important variable at pay zone scales in river-dominated delta reservoirs,which affects deltaic sand distributions and evolutions.However,it's unclear how it influences riverdominated delta growth.This paper integrates Delft3 D simulations and modern analogs to analyze the effects of water discharge,considering growth time,sediment supply,and coupled effects of sediment properties.High water discharges lead to the formation of lobate deltas,and the water discharge of 1,000 m~3/s is a referenced threshold value.Fine-grained,highly-cohesive sediments increase the threshold values of water discharge at which the deltas become lobate from digitate,and vice versa.For the same simulation time,high water discharges favor more rugose shorelines,more distributary channels(especially secondary distributaries),and longer and wider deltas with more land areas.However,for the same sediment supply,high water discharges have few effects on shoreline roughness and the number of distributary channels.
文摘The hydrocarbon industry is considering a range of digital technologies to improve productivity,efficiency,and safety of their operations while minimizing capital and operating costs,health and environmental risks,and variability in oil and gas project life cycles.Due to the emergence of industry 4.0 the improvement in performance,efficiency,and cost reduction,the hydrocarbon industry is gradually shifting towards solutions that are data-oriented.Understanding such complex systems involves the analysis of data from various sources at the same time.Digital Twin(DT)modelling is the foundation for the next generation of real-time production monitoring and optimization systems.It is a solution that boosts productivity by combining information,simulation,and visualization throughout the entire value chain of an operational firm,from subsurface equipment to central production plants.Oil and gas companies can majorly benefit from Hydrocarbon Exploration with the right use of such advanced technologies.This study focuses on the advancements in technology in the context of DT and how it has been used by the hydrocarbon industry.The study discusses about the emergence of the DT concept,various types,5D representation,and tools for DT.Further,the study tries to implement fields of DT in hydrocarbon industry especially in the domains of exploration,drilling,and production.Challenges associated with DT strategy like accessibility,confidentiality integration,and maintenance are also discussed.
文摘Oversea hydrocarbon exploration always faces some problems,such as multiple basin types,different exploration prospects,various exploration degrees,diverse data quantities and geological recognitions.This paper focuses on overseas basins with different exploration degrees and offers a new evaluation system and research method for fast evaluation and risk analysis on hydrocarbon potential.Based on the theory of probability,this new evaluation system evaluates each parameter and core accumulation factor with comprehensive and quantitative assignment,to accelerate geological evaluation.In addition,this paper suggests that source rock evaluation should be the core criterion in screening evaluation of poorexplored basins,and also proposes that both the exploration potential and geological recognition should drive the evaluation for basins with high exploration degrees.This new system and method,which is an effective system for fast basin evaluation,is suggested to be used in oversea evaluation and decision-making objectively,scientifically and efficiently.
基金supported by the project of PetroChina(2014A-02).
文摘Based on the outcrop,drilling and seismic data,the sedimentary successions,evolution and hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin in the northern Tarim were firstly analyzed.Due to assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent,the Tabei paleocontinent and the Tarim paleocontinent were developed in the Tarim craton with an EW-trending back-arc rift basin between them during Neoproterozoic time;very thick marine clastic rocks,carbonate rocks and volcanic rocks(including tillite)were deposited in the Kuruktag and Aksu area of the northern Tarim,which experienced deep sea,bathyal sea and littoral sea environments with transitional delta and ice-sea.During the Early Cryogenian and the Late Ediacaran,the northern rift basin evolved from the deep sea to the littoralneritic sea,while the lithology changed from clastic rocks to carbonate rocks.According to the field and production data,the formation and preservation of the source rocks and reservoirs indicate a good exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin.
