This study is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of four psychotherapeutic treatment modalities:Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy(CBT),Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR),Dialectical Behavior Thera...This study is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of four psychotherapeutic treatment modalities:Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy(CBT),Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR),Dialectical Behavior Therapy(DBT),and Hypnotic methods(HYP).The aim of this study was to determine the independent effectiveness of the four treatment modalities by reviewing the available literature.A total of 26,724 studies were identified by ProQuest search and screened to eliminate studies that did not permit computation of the success rates of their use.Of that total,648 studies included objective data in some form,with 207 studies qualifying for inclusion in the analysis.The“Success Rate”measure was used as the standard of measurement,and was obtained by comparing the pre-treatment scores with post-treatment scores as published in the qualifying studies.Analysis revealed the most effective treatment modality to be EMDR,with a success rate of 49.4%.CBTwas the second most effective at 40.5%,and the success rates of Hypnosis and DBT were 39.2%and 22.4%respectively.The clinical question in therapy should probably be,“How effective can I expect this method of treatment to be?”The findings of this study reveal CBT to be less effective than EMDR and equally effective as Hypnosis;and with DBT being significantly less effective,we are left with the implication that we must expand what we know.展开更多
BACKGROUND Test anxiety is prevalent among medical students and leads to impaired academic performance.Test-related attentional bias has been identified as an important maintaining factor in test-anxious individuals.A...BACKGROUND Test anxiety is prevalent among medical students and leads to impaired academic performance.Test-related attentional bias has been identified as an important maintaining factor in test-anxious individuals.AIM To evaluate whether hypnosis and progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)could modify medical college students’test anxiety and attentional bias.METHODS A total of 598 medical students were screened.The participants were divided into higher and lower test anxiety groups according to their scores on the test anxiety scale(TAS).Ninety medical college students with high TAS score were randomly assigned to a hypnosis or PMR group.Another 45 students with low TAS score were included,forming a baseline control group.The intervention was conducted weekly for 6 wk,and each session lasted approximately 30 min.The total intervention time and the number of intervention sessions for the hypnosis and PMR groups were equal.Data were collected at the pretest,posttest,and 2-mo follow-up.RESULTS Hypnosis group participants had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-21.827,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-14.824,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.PMR group participants also had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-10.777,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-7.444,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.At the posttest level,the hypnosis group had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-3.664,P<0.001).At the follow-up level,the hypnosis group also had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-2.943,P=0.004).Clinically significant improvement was found in both the hypnosis and PMR groups(hypnosis=64.0%;PMR=62.22%).Hypnosis was more effective than PMR in reducing test anxiety among medical college students.Hypnosis could modify attentional bias toward threatening stimuli,but PMR could not.CONCLUSION These results suggest that attentional bias plays an important role in test anxiety treatment.展开更多
The brain is a highly complex system. Under-standing the behavior and dynamics of billions of interconnected neurons from the brain signal requires knowledge of several signal- process-ing techniques, from the linear ...The brain is a highly complex system. Under-standing the behavior and dynamics of billions of interconnected neurons from the brain signal requires knowledge of several signal- process-ing techniques, from the linear and non-linear domains. The analysis of EEG signals plays an important role in a wide range of applications, such as psychotropic drug research, sleep studies, seizure detection and hypnosis proc-essing. In this paper we accomplish to analyze and explore the nature of hypnosis in Right, Left, Back and Frontal hemisphere in 3 groups of hypnotizable subjects by means of Fuzzy Simi-larity Index method.展开更多
Burn injuries create severe pain and psychological distress that are highly variable between patients. Distinct types of pain during various stages of injury and recovery make treatment complex. Standard pharmacologic...Burn injuries create severe pain and psychological distress that are highly variable between patients. Distinct types of pain during various stages of injury and recovery make treatment complex. Standard pharmacological treatment of pain can have adverse effects and is not effective in treating anxiety and other psychological issues. Researchers have proposed that integrating clinical hypnosis as a complementary therapy can be highly beneficial to burn patients and their healthcare providers. The existing literature is reviewed and specific hypnosis techniques are discussed. Evidence exists indicating that adjunctive hypnosis is effective at reducing pain and procedural anxiety. Implementing a multidisciplinary burn care team that includes clinical hypnosis and focuses on the patients' psychological health as well as pain reduction is likely to result in faster healing and reduced distress for patients and caregivers alike.展开更多
The documentation of psychological trauma is obviously a challenge to clinicians while they are diving deep into remote events related to their clients or patients.The potential role of psychological trauma in the ear...The documentation of psychological trauma is obviously a challenge to clinicians while they are diving deep into remote events related to their clients or patients.The potential role of psychological trauma in the early developmental stages,and even the existence of adverse childhood experiences,is important to prove,yet it is difficult to do so.A diverse range of methods have been applied,all of which presumably benchmark a big therapeutic step;however,these enthusiastic methods frequently do not last for long.While hypnosis supporters,Freudian and Neo-Freudian disciples can be acute enough to enhance and uncover suppressed memories,modern psychiatry relies mostly on diversely structured interviews.Functional magnetic resonance and its related subtleties might help,but the questions that remain unanswered are numerous and confusing.Connecting early experiences with long-term memory while identifying psychological trauma its importance for the individual’s growth trajectory;thus,it remains an intriguing issue.展开更多
The author introduces a new hypnotherapeutic technique termed “Mental Access/Somatosensory Access” (MASSA). MASSA is designed to utilize an external somatosensory stimulus in the context of hypnotherapy, based on a ...The author introduces a new hypnotherapeutic technique termed “Mental Access/Somatosensory Access” (MASSA). MASSA is designed to utilize an external somatosensory stimulus in the context of hypnotherapy, based on a Bottom-Up/Top-Down Paradigm, which complements and mutually reinforces hypnotic inductions by using imbedded suggestions. The intervention’s algorithm includes a combination of real-time stimulation through one of the following somatosensory modalities: sensorimotor activation of the palms, visual, auditory, vibration, thermal, olfaction or oropharyngeal. These modalities are accompanied by guided hypnotic dissociation and suggestions. Somatosensory stimulation amplifies patients’ engagement in the procedure, focusing their attention on a stimulus and on the hypnotic experience during the intervention. A stream of closed questions with imbedded suggestions, presented by the therapist, is designed using suggestive presuppositions, termed by the author “The Create and Verify Principle” (CVP). This principle facilitates effective pacing and helps transform patients’ sensory and mental experiences. Imbedded suggestions followed by real-time stimulation, maintain a focus on the somatosensory content, boost the hypnotic experience, and gradually combine awareness of the somatosensory stimulation experience (Bottom-Up regulation) with memory, imagination, emotions and meanings, for mental access of resources and adaptive coping (Top-Down regulation). In the first part of this article, the author briefly introduces the neurophysiological mechanism behind the suggestive, somatosensory, attention-management intervention and provides an example of a basic algorithm of the MASSA technique. The second part includes clinical samples with scripts of successfully treated patients, who experienced tension headache, psychogenic balance disorder, tinnitus. .展开更多
INTRODUCTIONThe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder characteried by chronic lower abdominal pain and disordered defaecation associated with bloating ,tenesmus and extra-intestinal symptoms in...INTRODUCTIONThe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder characteried by chronic lower abdominal pain and disordered defaecation associated with bloating ,tenesmus and extra-intestinal symptoms including and functional upper gastrointestinal symptoms .Currently there is nounifying hypothesis which adepuately explains the pathogenesis of the disorder although a number of physiological and psychological abmormalites have been described.展开更多
In this article, the author proposed guesses about memorizing, basing on the observation of hypnosis and its application on acquisition of vocabulary, and advanced the concepts of meaningful decoding and meaning rebui...In this article, the author proposed guesses about memorizing, basing on the observation of hypnosis and its application on acquisition of vocabulary, and advanced the concepts of meaningful decoding and meaning rebuilding, which are the two main courses in mem- orizing.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potentials of the root bark of Annona（A.） senegalensis in the control of seizure and related hypnotic and motor incoordination effects in mice using experimental models.Methods:The metha...Objective:To investigate the potentials of the root bark of Annona（A.） senegalensis in the control of seizure and related hypnotic and motor incoordination effects in mice using experimental models.Methods:The methanol extract（ME） of the root bark of A.senegalensis was studied in mice using pentylenetetrazole（PTZ） induced convulsions,phenobarbitone induced sleeping time and motor coordination test on rota-rod performance.Acute toxicity and lethality（LD50） lest as well as phytochemical analysis were also carried out.Results:The extract（200,400,800 mg/ kg） exhibited a non- dose dependent significant（P【0.05） delay in the onset of both tonic and clonic phases of seizure induced by PTZ（60 mg/kg,s.c.） as well as offered a 100%protection （200 mg/kg） in mice from PTZ induced seizures.The extract significantly（P【0.05） decreased the latency and increased the duration of phenobarbitone induced sleeping time.At 200 mg/kg, the extract exhibited a significant（P【0.05） motor incoordination.The acute toxicity test revealed an oral LD<sub>50</sub> of 1 2%mg/kg,while the phytochemical studies showed the presence of alkaloids, resins,glycosides,carbohydrate,reducing sugar,flavonoids,terpenoids,saponins and tannins. Conclusion:The extract of A senegalensis possessed anticonvulsant activity with pronounced hypnotic and muscle relaxant effects.展开更多
The present study looks carefully at EEG (Electroen-cephalograph) signals of people after the hypnosis inductions. Subjects were in three different categories of hypnotizability based on Waterloo-Stanford crite-ria;lo...The present study looks carefully at EEG (Electroen-cephalograph) signals of people after the hypnosis inductions. Subjects were in three different categories of hypnotizability based on Waterloo-Stanford crite-ria;low, medium and high. Signals recorded during hallucination tasks of Waterloo-Stanford standard were applied to study the underlying dynamics of tasks and investigate the influence of hypnosis depth and concentration on recorded signals. To fulfill this objective, chaotic methods were employed;Higuchi dimension and correlation dimension. The results of the study indicate channels whose chaotic features are significantly different among people with various levels of hypnotizability. Moreover, a great consis-tency exists among channels involved in each task with brain's dominant hemisphere and brain lobes' functions. Another considerable result of the study was that the medium hypnotizable subjects were mostly affected by inductions and instructions of the hypnotizer (more than low or high hypnotizable sub-jects). The present study demonstrates a remarkable innovation in the analysis of hypnotic EEG;investi-gating the EEG signals of the hypnotized as doing hallucination tasks of Waterloo-Stanford standard orders.展开更多
Background:Abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder(AP-FGID)comprises of 4 main conditions:functional dyspepsia,irritable bowel syndrome,abdominal migraine and functional abdominal pain.AP-FGIDs are...Background:Abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder(AP-FGID)comprises of 4 main conditions:functional dyspepsia,irritable bowel syndrome,abdominal migraine and functional abdominal pain.AP-FGIDs are diagnosed clinically based on the Rome IV criteria for FGIDs of childhood.There is limited evidence for pharmacological therapies.Data sources:This review article discusses non-pharmacological management of AP-FGID based on the current literature including systematic reviews,randomized controlled trials,cohort and case control studies.We aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the available evidence for the pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists involved in managing children with AP-FGID.Results:Managing AP-FGIDs can be challenging.This should follow a stepwise approach with focused history,identification of“red flag”signs and symptoms,physical examination and investigations done following initial consultation.Family needs explaining that there is nothing seriously wrong with the child’s abdomen.This explanation and reassurance can achieve symptom control in large number of cases.Non-pharmacological interventions are delivered through lifestyle and dietary changes and bio-psychosocial therapies.Dietary interventions vary depending on the type of AP-FGID.Bio-psychosocial therapies such as hypnotherapy,cognitive behavioral therapy and yoga aim at stress reduction.Conclusion:There is increasing evidence for use of non-pharmacological interventions in children with AP-FGID.展开更多
文摘This study is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of four psychotherapeutic treatment modalities:Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy(CBT),Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR),Dialectical Behavior Therapy(DBT),and Hypnotic methods(HYP).The aim of this study was to determine the independent effectiveness of the four treatment modalities by reviewing the available literature.A total of 26,724 studies were identified by ProQuest search and screened to eliminate studies that did not permit computation of the success rates of their use.Of that total,648 studies included objective data in some form,with 207 studies qualifying for inclusion in the analysis.The“Success Rate”measure was used as the standard of measurement,and was obtained by comparing the pre-treatment scores with post-treatment scores as published in the qualifying studies.Analysis revealed the most effective treatment modality to be EMDR,with a success rate of 49.4%.CBTwas the second most effective at 40.5%,and the success rates of Hypnosis and DBT were 39.2%and 22.4%respectively.The clinical question in therapy should probably be,“How effective can I expect this method of treatment to be?”The findings of this study reveal CBT to be less effective than EMDR and equally effective as Hypnosis;and with DBT being significantly less effective,we are left with the implication that we must expand what we know.
基金Supported by the Anhui Natural Science Foundation,No.1808085MH291the Project of human Social Science of Anhui Province,No.SK2016A047Grants for Scientific Research of BSKY from Anhui Medical University,No.XJ201826.
文摘BACKGROUND Test anxiety is prevalent among medical students and leads to impaired academic performance.Test-related attentional bias has been identified as an important maintaining factor in test-anxious individuals.AIM To evaluate whether hypnosis and progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)could modify medical college students’test anxiety and attentional bias.METHODS A total of 598 medical students were screened.The participants were divided into higher and lower test anxiety groups according to their scores on the test anxiety scale(TAS).Ninety medical college students with high TAS score were randomly assigned to a hypnosis or PMR group.Another 45 students with low TAS score were included,forming a baseline control group.The intervention was conducted weekly for 6 wk,and each session lasted approximately 30 min.The total intervention time and the number of intervention sessions for the hypnosis and PMR groups were equal.Data were collected at the pretest,posttest,and 2-mo follow-up.RESULTS Hypnosis group participants had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-21.827,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-14.824,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.PMR group participants also had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-10.777,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-7.444,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.At the posttest level,the hypnosis group had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-3.664,P<0.001).At the follow-up level,the hypnosis group also had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-2.943,P=0.004).Clinically significant improvement was found in both the hypnosis and PMR groups(hypnosis=64.0%;PMR=62.22%).Hypnosis was more effective than PMR in reducing test anxiety among medical college students.Hypnosis could modify attentional bias toward threatening stimuli,but PMR could not.CONCLUSION These results suggest that attentional bias plays an important role in test anxiety treatment.
文摘The brain is a highly complex system. Under-standing the behavior and dynamics of billions of interconnected neurons from the brain signal requires knowledge of several signal- process-ing techniques, from the linear and non-linear domains. The analysis of EEG signals plays an important role in a wide range of applications, such as psychotropic drug research, sleep studies, seizure detection and hypnosis proc-essing. In this paper we accomplish to analyze and explore the nature of hypnosis in Right, Left, Back and Frontal hemisphere in 3 groups of hypnotizable subjects by means of Fuzzy Simi-larity Index method.
文摘Burn injuries create severe pain and psychological distress that are highly variable between patients. Distinct types of pain during various stages of injury and recovery make treatment complex. Standard pharmacological treatment of pain can have adverse effects and is not effective in treating anxiety and other psychological issues. Researchers have proposed that integrating clinical hypnosis as a complementary therapy can be highly beneficial to burn patients and their healthcare providers. The existing literature is reviewed and specific hypnosis techniques are discussed. Evidence exists indicating that adjunctive hypnosis is effective at reducing pain and procedural anxiety. Implementing a multidisciplinary burn care team that includes clinical hypnosis and focuses on the patients' psychological health as well as pain reduction is likely to result in faster healing and reduced distress for patients and caregivers alike.
文摘The documentation of psychological trauma is obviously a challenge to clinicians while they are diving deep into remote events related to their clients or patients.The potential role of psychological trauma in the early developmental stages,and even the existence of adverse childhood experiences,is important to prove,yet it is difficult to do so.A diverse range of methods have been applied,all of which presumably benchmark a big therapeutic step;however,these enthusiastic methods frequently do not last for long.While hypnosis supporters,Freudian and Neo-Freudian disciples can be acute enough to enhance and uncover suppressed memories,modern psychiatry relies mostly on diversely structured interviews.Functional magnetic resonance and its related subtleties might help,but the questions that remain unanswered are numerous and confusing.Connecting early experiences with long-term memory while identifying psychological trauma its importance for the individual’s growth trajectory;thus,it remains an intriguing issue.
文摘The author introduces a new hypnotherapeutic technique termed “Mental Access/Somatosensory Access” (MASSA). MASSA is designed to utilize an external somatosensory stimulus in the context of hypnotherapy, based on a Bottom-Up/Top-Down Paradigm, which complements and mutually reinforces hypnotic inductions by using imbedded suggestions. The intervention’s algorithm includes a combination of real-time stimulation through one of the following somatosensory modalities: sensorimotor activation of the palms, visual, auditory, vibration, thermal, olfaction or oropharyngeal. These modalities are accompanied by guided hypnotic dissociation and suggestions. Somatosensory stimulation amplifies patients’ engagement in the procedure, focusing their attention on a stimulus and on the hypnotic experience during the intervention. A stream of closed questions with imbedded suggestions, presented by the therapist, is designed using suggestive presuppositions, termed by the author “The Create and Verify Principle” (CVP). This principle facilitates effective pacing and helps transform patients’ sensory and mental experiences. Imbedded suggestions followed by real-time stimulation, maintain a focus on the somatosensory content, boost the hypnotic experience, and gradually combine awareness of the somatosensory stimulation experience (Bottom-Up regulation) with memory, imagination, emotions and meanings, for mental access of resources and adaptive coping (Top-Down regulation). In the first part of this article, the author briefly introduces the neurophysiological mechanism behind the suggestive, somatosensory, attention-management intervention and provides an example of a basic algorithm of the MASSA technique. The second part includes clinical samples with scripts of successfully treated patients, who experienced tension headache, psychogenic balance disorder, tinnitus. .
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder characteried by chronic lower abdominal pain and disordered defaecation associated with bloating ,tenesmus and extra-intestinal symptoms including and functional upper gastrointestinal symptoms .Currently there is nounifying hypothesis which adepuately explains the pathogenesis of the disorder although a number of physiological and psychological abmormalites have been described.
文摘In this article, the author proposed guesses about memorizing, basing on the observation of hypnosis and its application on acquisition of vocabulary, and advanced the concepts of meaningful decoding and meaning rebuilding, which are the two main courses in mem- orizing.
文摘Objective:To investigate the potentials of the root bark of Annona（A.） senegalensis in the control of seizure and related hypnotic and motor incoordination effects in mice using experimental models.Methods:The methanol extract（ME） of the root bark of A.senegalensis was studied in mice using pentylenetetrazole（PTZ） induced convulsions,phenobarbitone induced sleeping time and motor coordination test on rota-rod performance.Acute toxicity and lethality（LD50） lest as well as phytochemical analysis were also carried out.Results:The extract（200,400,800 mg/ kg） exhibited a non- dose dependent significant（P【0.05） delay in the onset of both tonic and clonic phases of seizure induced by PTZ（60 mg/kg,s.c.） as well as offered a 100%protection （200 mg/kg） in mice from PTZ induced seizures.The extract significantly（P【0.05） decreased the latency and increased the duration of phenobarbitone induced sleeping time.At 200 mg/kg, the extract exhibited a significant（P【0.05） motor incoordination.The acute toxicity test revealed an oral LD<sub>50</sub> of 1 2%mg/kg,while the phytochemical studies showed the presence of alkaloids, resins,glycosides,carbohydrate,reducing sugar,flavonoids,terpenoids,saponins and tannins. Conclusion:The extract of A senegalensis possessed anticonvulsant activity with pronounced hypnotic and muscle relaxant effects.
文摘The present study looks carefully at EEG (Electroen-cephalograph) signals of people after the hypnosis inductions. Subjects were in three different categories of hypnotizability based on Waterloo-Stanford crite-ria;low, medium and high. Signals recorded during hallucination tasks of Waterloo-Stanford standard were applied to study the underlying dynamics of tasks and investigate the influence of hypnosis depth and concentration on recorded signals. To fulfill this objective, chaotic methods were employed;Higuchi dimension and correlation dimension. The results of the study indicate channels whose chaotic features are significantly different among people with various levels of hypnotizability. Moreover, a great consis-tency exists among channels involved in each task with brain's dominant hemisphere and brain lobes' functions. Another considerable result of the study was that the medium hypnotizable subjects were mostly affected by inductions and instructions of the hypnotizer (more than low or high hypnotizable sub-jects). The present study demonstrates a remarkable innovation in the analysis of hypnotic EEG;investi-gating the EEG signals of the hypnotized as doing hallucination tasks of Waterloo-Stanford standard orders.
文摘Background:Abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder(AP-FGID)comprises of 4 main conditions:functional dyspepsia,irritable bowel syndrome,abdominal migraine and functional abdominal pain.AP-FGIDs are diagnosed clinically based on the Rome IV criteria for FGIDs of childhood.There is limited evidence for pharmacological therapies.Data sources:This review article discusses non-pharmacological management of AP-FGID based on the current literature including systematic reviews,randomized controlled trials,cohort and case control studies.We aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the available evidence for the pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists involved in managing children with AP-FGID.Results:Managing AP-FGIDs can be challenging.This should follow a stepwise approach with focused history,identification of“red flag”signs and symptoms,physical examination and investigations done following initial consultation.Family needs explaining that there is nothing seriously wrong with the child’s abdomen.This explanation and reassurance can achieve symptom control in large number of cases.Non-pharmacological interventions are delivered through lifestyle and dietary changes and bio-psychosocial therapies.Dietary interventions vary depending on the type of AP-FGID.Bio-psychosocial therapies such as hypnotherapy,cognitive behavioral therapy and yoga aim at stress reduction.Conclusion:There is increasing evidence for use of non-pharmacological interventions in children with AP-FGID.
